JP4738995B2 - Car wash machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention includes a car wash processing device that performs a car wash operation on a car in a car wash machine body formed in a gate shape, and a car wash machine that receives a car wash by moving the car wash machine body and the car relative to each other, or a car wash reception The present invention relates to a drive-through type car wash machine that enters a car wash space after being subjected to a car, receives a car wash process by the car wash machine body, and moves forward after the car is washed away.

  In this type of car wash, there is known a car wash machine that can perform high-speed car wash and low-speed car wash by changing the traveling speed of the car wash body. Among these, in the car wash machine disclosed in Patent Document 1, high-speed car wash is realized by controlling the raising / lowering speed of the upper surface brush and the opening / closing speed of the side brush according to the moving speed of the car wash machine body.

By the way, this type of car wash machine is provided with a car wash assist device other than the car wash treatment device that acts on the automobile body, thereby improving operability and safety. Examples of the car wash auxiliary device include an audio output for instructing the start of car wash, a brush washing operation for washing away wax adhering to the brush, a sensor for detecting the exit of the car, and the like. It was also one of the.
JP-A-11-263200

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a car wash machine that realizes an ultra-high-speed car wash with a shorter car wash time than a conventional high-speed car wash while maintaining the quality of the car wash.

In order to solve this problem, the present invention provides a car wash machine of a type for washing a car body of a car by relatively moving a car wash machine body and a car formed in a gate shape, or a car wash machine body formed in a gate shape. A car wash machine that moves the car relative to the car to wash the car body and then moves the car forward to leave, and a car wash processing device that directly involves car car body washing and A car wash assist device that assists in car wash processing without being involved in the car body, speed variable means for changing the relative movement speed between the car wash machine body and the car, and a plurality of car wash courses with different speeds by controlling the speed variable means And a setting means for setting a car wash course to be executed by the car wash control means. The setting means can select an ultra-high speed car wash. In the car wash control means, an ultra-high speed car wash is performed by the setting means. Choice When the relative movement speed between the car wash machine body and the automobile as well as at high speed by the variable speed unit, in which so as to limit the auxiliary car wash process by the car wash aid.

In ultra-high-speed car washing , as a car washing auxiliary device, when a car wash start notice count notification is included, this car wash start notice count notice is not performed, and when a means for washing the washing brush is included, the washing brush is not washed. When the vehicle after the car wash is finished includes means for detecting that the car has left the car wash space, the time until the car is judged to be exited by the exit detection means is shortened, and the car wash machine body after the car wash is finished is set to the car wash standby position. When the reverse means is included, the reverse speed of the main body reverse means is increased.

  According to the car wash machine of the present invention, in addition to the high-speed car wash that speeds up the relative movement speed between the car wash machine body and the automobile, the car wash assist operation by the car wash assist device is restricted more than usual, so that it is faster and faster. Car wash is realized, and the rotation rate of the car wash can be improved during busy times.

  The car wash machine shown in Examples 1 and 2 below is the best mode.

Examples of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 1 is a front view showing a car wash machine according to a first embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a side view of the car wash machine.
1 is a car-washing machine body formed in a gate shape, which travels back and forth on two parallel rails 2 and 2 laid on the floor, and is equipped with a car washing machine installed inside the car A stopped between the rails 2 and 2. Car wash processing is performed by the processing device. Reference numerals 4 and 4 denote forward and reverse travel motors that drive the wheels 3 and 3 to reciprocate the car wash machine body 1 on the rails 2 and 2. A traveling encoder 5 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 4 and outputs a pulse signal for each unit angle rotation while detecting the rotation direction of the motor 4 to give the traveling position of the car wash machine body 1. Reference numeral 6 denotes a car shape detection device, which is provided in front of the car wash machine body 1 and has a light emitting part 6a and a light receiving part 6b arranged with the automobile A in the width direction, and a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in the vertical direction of the light emitting part 6a. The vehicle body is detected based on whether or not light can be received by a plurality of light receiving elements arranged so as to face the light emitting unit 6a in the vertical direction of the light receiving unit 6b.

  The car wash machine body 1 is provided with brush devices 7, 8 and 8, blower nozzles 9, 10 and 10 as a car wash treatment device, a water spray nozzle, a liquid agent tank (not shown), etc. A cleaning operation of brushing by spraying etc. and a drying operation of blowing air from a blower nozzle are performed. The brush device includes an upper surface brush 7 that moves up and down along the upper surface of the vehicle body and brushes the upper surface, and a pair of left and right side brushes 8 and 8 that move toward and away from the vehicle body and brush the front and rear surfaces and side surfaces of the vehicle body. Consists of. The blower nozzle is composed of an upper blower nozzle 9 that moves up and down along the upper surface of the vehicle body and blows air on the upper surface to dry the air and a pair of left and right side blower nozzles 10 and 10 that blow air on the side surfaces of the vehicle body and dry the air.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the structure of the upper surface brush 7.
The upper surface brush 7 is configured to move up and down on elevating rails 13L and 13R suspended in the car wash machine body 1 by carriers 12L and 12R directly connected to both ends of the brush shaft 11, and is fixed to one carrier 12R. The brush motor 14 is driven forward and backward. The carriers 12L and 12R include a chain 15 that connects the upper end and the lower end in an endless manner, sprockets 16U and 16D around which the chain 15 is suspended, a rotating shaft 17 that connects the left and right upper sprockets 16U, and the rotating shaft. The elevator 17 is moved up and down by a lifting and lowering motor 18 that rotates forward and backward. Reference numeral 19 denotes a lift encoder, which is connected to the rotary shaft 17 and outputs a pulse signal every given rotation while detecting the rotation direction of the rotary shaft to give the lift position of the carrier. Reference numerals 20 and 21 denote limit switches which are switched by contact with the carrier 12L to give rise and fall limits.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the structure of the side brushes 8.
The side brushes 8 and 8 are configured to open and close along the open / close rails 23 horizontally mounted on the rear upper part in the car wash machine body 1 by carriers 22L and 22R directly connected to the upper ends of the brush shafts 22. It is driven forward and backward by 24 and 24. The carriers 22L and 22R are an opening / closing device comprising a chain 25 that connects the right end and the left end in an endless manner, sprockets 26L and 26R around which the chain 25 is suspended, and an opening and closing motor 27 that rotates one of the sprockets 26L and 26R forward and backward. It is opened and closed by. An open / close encoder 28 is connected to the output shaft of the open / close motor 27 and outputs a pulse signal for each predetermined rotation while detecting the rotation direction of the motor 27 to give an open / close position of the carrier.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the structure of the upper blower nozzle 9.
The upper surface blower nozzle 9 is also lifted and lowered in substantially the same configuration as the upper surface brush 3, and both ends thereof are supported by carriers 30L and 30R that move up and down on the lifting rails 29L and 29R suspended in the car wash machine body 1, and the lifting device The chain 31, the sprockets 32 </ b> U and 32 </ b> D, the rotating shaft 33 that connects the left and right upper sprockets 32 </ b> U, and the lifting / lowering motor 34 that rotates the rotating shaft 33 forward and backward. Reference numeral 35 denotes a lift encoder, which is connected to the rotary shaft 33 and outputs a pulse signal every given rotation while detecting the rotation direction of the rotary shaft to give the lift position of the carrier. Reference numerals 36 and 37 denote limit switches which are switched by contact of the carrier 30L to give rise and fall limits.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the control system of the first embodiment.
Reference numeral 40 denotes a control unit which starts a desired car wash process based on a car wash command from the operation panel 41, and according to the position, shape, equipment, etc. of the car detected based on data from the car shape detector 6 during car wash. Then, a car wash processing device such as a brush or blower nozzle is operated via the car wash drive unit 42 to perform car wash according to the position, shape, equipment, etc. of the automobile.

  The control unit 40 includes a vehicle shape detection unit 43, which operates the vehicle shape detection device 6 using a pulse signal from the traveling encoder 5 accompanying the traveling of the car wash machine body 1 as a trigger, so that the car wash machine body 1 moves a unit distance. Each time the optical signal transmitted / received between the light emitting unit 6a and the light receiving unit 6b is blocked by the vehicle body, the upper surface contour and protrusions of the vehicle are recognized. As a method for detecting the vehicle shape / projection, the methods disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 10-1000087 and 10-338103 are possible.

  The car wash drive unit 42 includes travel motors 4 and 4 of the car wash machine body 1, brush motor 14 of the upper surface brush 7, lift motor 18, brush motor 24 of the side brush 8, opening / closing motor 27, and lift motor 34 of the upper blower nozzle 9. Are connected via inverters 45 to 50 for controlling the rotational speed. Thereby, the rotation speed of each motor becomes variable, and the traveling speed of the car wash machine body 1, the rotation and lifting speed of the upper surface brush 7, the rotation and opening / closing speed of the side brush 8, and the lifting speed of the upper surface blower nozzle 9 can be appropriately adjusted. It becomes possible.

  The operation panel 41 is provided on the front surface of the car wash machine main body 1 and selects and outputs the car wash content, and also outputs the guidance of the car wash start / end, precautions, operation procedures, etc. by display and voice. The operation panel 41 includes an LCD display 51 for displaying an operation guide, a course key 52 for selecting a car wash course, a low speed car wash key 53 for setting a low speed car wash, a high speed car wash key 54 for setting a high speed car wash, and a super high speed car wash. Super high speed car wash key 55 to be set, stop key 56 to stop car wash, fee accepting device 57 for accepting prepaid cards and cash, speaker 58 for outputting each guidance sound such as car wash acceptance / car wash start, power on / off and management mode , A key switch 59 for switching the operation mode is provided. In the management mode that can be switched with the key switch 59, the operator inputs various data such as system data and car wash time settings to the car wash machine, checks the operation of each part of the car wash machine, and displays the total number of car wash machines. In general, it is operated in an operation mode in which a car wash acceptance operation and car wash are possible.

Next, the operation of the first embodiment configured as described above will be described.
FIG. 7 is a time chart illustrating an example of a car wash operation according to the first embodiment.
After stopping the vehicle at a predetermined position and selecting the desired car wash course on the operation panel 41, the low speed car wash key 53 is used for low speed car wash, and the high speed car wash key 54 is used for high speed car wash. When performing a car wash, the car wash starts when the super high speed car wash key 55 is input.

  As the car wash course, a shampoo course accompanying one round trip of the car wash machine body 1 and a wax course accompanying two round trips are set. Thereby, six types of car washing courses can be selected by combining the car washing speeds. In the shampoo course, shampooing is performed when the car wash machine main body 1 travels, and drying is performed for returning. During shampooing and drying, a brush washing operation is performed by spraying clean water while spinning the brush. In the wax course, shampooing is performed once in the car wash machine body 1, rinsing is performed in the first trip, wax is performed in the second trip, and drying is performed in the second trip. Between the wax and drying, a brush cleaning operation is performed in which clean water is sprayed while the brush is idling. The car wash course is not limited to these two courses.

  The basic car wash operation will be explained. In response to the car wash start command, the speaker 58 starts “car wash. Keep away from the car wash. ”Is output, and for safety, a beep sound is output about 4 times at 1 second / time, a count output is issued to notify that the car wash machine body 1 starts running, and the car wash machine body 1 is moved forward. . After the car wash starts, every time the car wash machine body 1 travels a predetermined distance, the translucent / light-shielded data is taken from the car shape detection device 6 installed in the forefront of the car body, and the car shape data is combined with the travel position of the car body 1. Will continue to create. Such vehicle shape detection is performed simultaneously with the shampooing process when the car wash machine travels.

  The shampoo process is executed while the upper surface brush 7 is controlled to move up and down in accordance with the vehicle shape data and the side brushes 8 and 8 are controlled to be opened and closed in accordance with the vehicle shape data. That is, the upper surface brush 7 moves up and down slowly for a portion (for example, bonnet, roof, and trunk) where the upper surface of the vehicle body is gently inclined, and quickly moves up and down for a portion (for example, windshield, rear glass, and projection) where the inclination is steep. Control as follows. Further, when cleaning the front of the vehicle body, the side brushes 8 and 8 are brought into contact with the front end of the vehicle body with the left and right side brushes closed, and temporarily stop the travel of the main body 1 and open left and right. When cleaning the side of the vehicle body, the left and right brushes are held in a C-shaped posture with the upper side inclined to the automobile side. When cleaning the rear of the vehicle, the left and right side brushes that are opened are closed when the rear end of the vehicle body is detected.

  The drying process is executed while the upper surface blower nozzle 9 is controlled to move up and down in accordance with the vehicle shape data. Similar to the upper surface brush 7, the upper surface blower nozzle 9 slowly raises and lowers a portion where the upper surface inclination of the vehicle body is gentle and rapidly raises and lowers a portion where the inclination is steep. In addition, the raising / lowering speed of the upper surface brush 7 and the upper surface blower nozzle 9 and the opening / closing speed of the side brush are increased or decreased according to the traveling speed of the main body 1. At this time, if the traveling speed of the main body is adjusted according to the portion being cleaned, a safer car wash is possible.

Next, the car wash operation for each car wash speed will be described. In addition, the traveling speed of the car wash machine body 1 at each car wash speed, the up-and-down speed of the upper surface brush, the upper-side blower nozzle, and the opening and closing speed of the side brush can be arbitrarily set by the method disclosed in JP-A-11-263200.
(Low speed car wash)
In the low-speed car wash, the traveling motor 4 of the car wash machine body 1 is driven at a low speed V1 (for example, 40 Hz). The upper surface brush and the upper surface blower nozzle are controlled to move up and down such that if the inclination of the vehicle is a or less, the ascending / descending speed of the upper surface brush is 10 Hz, if a <θ <b, 20 Hz, b <θ <c is 30 Hz, and is held horizontally. For example, a = 20 ° b = 30 ° c = 40 °). The side brush is controlled to open and close at an opening speed of 20 Hz when cleaning the front and rear surfaces of the automobile.

(High-speed car wash)
In the high-speed car wash, the traveling motor 4 of the car wash machine body 1 is driven at a high speed V2 (for example, 60 Hz). The upper surface brush and the upper surface blower nozzle are controlled to move up and down such that if the inclination θ of the vehicle is a or less, the ascending / descending speed of the upper surface brush is 20 Hz, 40 Hz when a <θ <b, 50 Hz when b <θ <c, and holding when horizontal. For example, a = 20 ° b = 30 ° c = 40 °). The side brush is controlled to open and close at an opening speed of 30 Hz when cleaning the front and rear surfaces of the automobile. As a result, the time for washing the vehicle is reduced by time t1 (time t3 in the case of the wax course) as compared with the low-speed washing.

(Ultra-high speed car wash)
The ultra high speed car wash is executed at the same car wash speed V2 as the above high speed car wash, but the speed of the car wash is further increased by omitting or shortening the operation acting as an auxiliary function of the car wash. Here, without starting the count notification of the start of driving that is forewarned by a beep sound, "car wash starts. Keep away from the car wash. As soon as the announcement is made, the car wash machine body 1 is moved forward. In addition, the brush cleaning operation that is performed between shampoo and drying (or wax and drying) is not performed, and the operation is immediately shifted to drying. As a result, the washing time is reduced by t2 (time t4 in the case of the wax course) as compared with the low-speed washing.

  In this way, by setting a super-high-speed car wash that restricts a car wash assisting operation that is not directly involved in car wash, the number of car wash processes during busy times can be increased, leading to an increase in profit. In the first embodiment, the operation panel is provided with a key for selecting the car wash speed so that the user can arbitrarily select the car wash speed. However, the car wash speed is automatically switched according to the business mode and the busy situation. May be. For example, it may be set so that the car wash speed is very high during busy periods such as the end of the year, high during holidays, and low during weekdays.

Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described below. The description of the same configuration as that of the first embodiment is omitted. FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the car wash machine of the second embodiment.
The car wash machine according to the second embodiment is a drive-through type car wash machine that enters from the front of the car wash main body and exits from the rear of the car wash main body after the car wash. The car wash machine main body 60 is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the cleaning part S by the brush is formed at the front and the drying part D by the blower nozzle is formed at the rear, and the structure and driving form of each brush / blower nozzle are also as follows. The same as in the first embodiment. An entrance of a car wash space provided with the car wash machine main body 60 is provided with an operation box 61 for accepting operations such as charge input and selection input of car wash contents, and a gate device 62 for restricting admission to the car wash space. At the exit of the space, there are provided an exit sensor 63 for detecting whether or not the car after the car wash has exited, and a guidance indicator lamp 64 for performing guidance such as forward-stop-reverse for the entering car. .

  Next, the operation of the second embodiment will be described. FIG. 9 is a time chart illustrating an example of a car wash operation according to the second embodiment. When the desired car wash is received in the operation box 61, the gate device 62 is opened and the guidance indicator lamp 64 is turned on to stop the vehicle at a fixed position. When it is detected that the automobile is stopped at a fixed position, the car washing machine starts from the speaker provided in the car washing machine main body 60 as in the first embodiment. Keep away from the car wash. The car wash machine main body 1 travels after the announcement such as “” and the count notification for notifying the car body of the car wash.

  The car wash course has a washing section S at the front of the car washing machine main body 60 and a drying section D at the rear, and a shampoo car wash that performs shampoo washing and drying in one way, and shampoo-wax-dry in one and a half rounds. The wax car wash to be performed becomes feasible. The car washing operation is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, and the vehicle shape is recognized by the preceding vehicle shape detection device, and the following brush is applied to the vehicle body along the detected shape of the vehicle. The brushing cleaning is carried out, and the blower drying is performed with the blower nozzle approaching the vehicle body. As a result, after the car wash is completed, the car wash machine main body 60 is located behind the automobile (dotted line in FIG. 8), and the automobile can be moved forward and exited. At this time, it is confirmed whether or not the car has left by the exit sensor 63 provided at the exit of the car wash space. When the car exit is detected, the car wash machine main body 60 is returned to the standby position.

  In the second embodiment, the car wash speed can be set, and the low speed car wash, the high speed car wash, and the super high speed car wash can be selected as in the first embodiment. Among these, the high-speed car wash increases the traveling speed of the car wash machine main body 60 during the car wash as compared to the low-speed car wash as in the first embodiment. In addition, the reverse speed V4 for returning the car wash machine main body 60 to the standby position after completion of the car wash is made faster than the reverse speed V3 of the low-speed car wash.

  Compared with low-speed and high-speed car wash, ultra-high speed car wash speeds up the car wash by deleting or reducing the following items. First, as in Example 1, at the start of the car wash, the warning count notification of the start of the main body travel set in consideration of safety is not performed, and “Car wash starts. Keep away from the car wash. As soon as the announcement is made, the car wash machine 60 is moved forward. Further, in the 1.5 round-trip course, the brush cleaning operation that is performed between the wax and the drying is not performed, and the process immediately shifts to drying. Next, the time until the exit sensor 63 detects that the vehicle has exited is shortened. That is, in low-speed car washing and high-speed car washing, the exit sensor 63 changes from light transmission to light shielding to determine whether the vehicle is leaving, and if the light transmission continues from light shielding to light transmission for a predetermined time, the vehicle exit is determined. However, in ultra-high-speed car washing, it immediately determines that the car is leaving when it switches from light shielding to light transmission, and returns the car washing machine body to the standby position. Furthermore, the traveling speed when returning the car washer to the standby position is set to the maximum traveling speed V5.

  With such a configuration, the high-speed car wash shortens the car wash time by time t5 (time t7 in the case of 1.5 reciprocations) compared to the low-speed car wash. In the ultra-high speed car wash, the car wash time is reduced by t6 (time t8 in the case of 1.5 round trips) compared to the low speed car wash. In the drive-through type car wash machine, it is possible to perform a speed car wash by shortening the car wash time for one return compared to a normal car wash machine by forming a washing part at the front of the car wash body and a drying part at the rear. By providing such an ultra-high-speed car wash, an efficient car wash in which the car wash start waiting time, brush washing time, exit judgment time, and standby position return time are eliminated or shortened becomes possible.

  In particular, the present invention is effective for a car wash machine that can improve the car wash operation rate by switching the car wash speed.

It is a front view which shows the car wash machine of Example 1. FIG. It is a side view of the same apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of an upper surface brush. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of a side brush. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of an upper surface blower nozzle. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a control system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a time chart illustrating an example of a car wash operation according to the first embodiment. It is a top view which shows the car wash machine of Example 2. FIG. FIG. 6 is a time chart illustrating an example of a car wash operation according to a second embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Car wash machine body 7 Upper surface brush 8 Side brush 9 Upper surface blower nozzle 10 Side blower nozzle 40 Control part 41 Operation panel 53 Low speed car wash key 54 High speed car wash key 55 Super high speed car wash key

Claims (6)

A car wash machine of a type for washing a car body of a car by relatively moving a car wash machine body and a car formed in a gate shape,
A car wash processing device for directly washing the car body and driving the car, a car wash assist means for assisting the car wash process without directly taking part in the car body, and a speed at which the relative movement speed of the car washer and the car is variable. Variable means, car wash control means for controlling the speed variable means to execute a plurality of car wash courses having different car wash speeds, and setting means for setting the car wash course executed by the car wash control means,
The setting means can select an ultra-high speed car wash, and when the car wash control means selects the ultra-high speed car wash , the speed variable means increases the relative movement speed between the car washer body and the automobile. The car wash machine restricts the assistance of the car wash process by the car wash assisting means.
A car wash machine of a type that moves the car body forward by moving the car body of the car by relatively moving the car wash machine body and the car formed in a gate shape,
A car wash processing device for directly washing the car body and driving the car, a car wash assist means for assisting the car wash process without directly taking part in the car body, and a speed at which the relative movement speed of the car washer and the car is variable. Variable means, car wash control means for controlling the speed variable means to execute a plurality of car wash courses having different car wash speeds, and setting means for setting the car wash course executed by the car wash control means,
The setting means can select an ultra-high speed car wash, and when the car wash control means selects the ultra-high speed car wash , the speed variable means increases the relative movement speed between the car washer body and the automobile. The car wash machine restricts the assistance of the car wash process by the car wash assisting means.
The car wash assisting means includes a notice count notification of the start of the car wash, and when the car wash control means selects ultra-high speed car wash by the setting means, the speed variable means increases the relative movement speed between the car wash machine body and the automobile. The car wash machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a notice count notification of the start of car wash is not made.
The car wash assisting means includes means for performing a washing operation of a washing brush equipped as the car wash treatment device. In the car wash control means, when the ultra high speed car wash is selected by the setting means, the speed variable means performs the car wash. 3. The car wash machine according to claim 1, wherein the relative movement speed between the machine main body and the automobile is increased, and the washing operation means of the washing brush is not performed.
A car wash machine of a type that moves the car body forward by moving the car body of the car by relatively moving the car wash machine body and the car formed in a gate shape,
A car wash processing device for directly washing the car body and driving the car, a car wash assist means for assisting the car wash process without directly taking part in the car body, and a speed at which the relative movement speed of the car washer and the car is variable. Variable means, car wash control means for controlling the speed variable means to execute a plurality of car wash courses having different car wash speeds, and setting means for setting the car wash course executed by the car wash control means,
The car wash assisting means includes means for detecting that the car after the car wash is finished exiting the car wash space. In the car wash control means, when the ultra high speed car wash is selected by the setting means, the speed variable means uses the car wash machine. A car wash machine characterized in that the relative movement speed between the main body and the automobile is increased, and the time until the exit detection means judges the exit of the automobile is shortened.
A car wash machine of a type that moves the car body forward by moving the car body of the car by relatively moving the car wash machine body and the car formed in a gate shape,
A car wash processing device for directly washing the car body and driving the car, a car wash assist means for assisting the car wash process without directly taking part in the car body, and a speed at which the relative movement speed of the car washer and the car is variable. Variable means, car wash control means for controlling the speed variable means to execute a plurality of car wash courses having different car wash speeds, and setting means for setting the car wash course executed by the car wash control means,
The car wash auxiliary means includes means for moving the car wash machine main body after the car wash is finished to a car wash standby position. In the car wash control means, when ultra-high speed car wash is selected by the setting means, the speed change means makes the car wash machine main body. A car wash machine characterized in that the relative movement speed between the vehicle and the automobile is increased, and the reverse speed of the main body reverse means is increased.

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