JP4732122B2 - Spray material and spraying method - Google Patents
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- JP4732122B2 JP4732122B2 JP2005309674A JP2005309674A JP4732122B2 JP 4732122 B2 JP4732122 B2 JP 4732122B2 JP 2005309674 A JP2005309674 A JP 2005309674A JP 2005309674 A JP2005309674 A JP 2005309674A JP 4732122 B2 JP4732122 B2 JP 4732122B2
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- -1 alkali metal aluminate Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LFHXPRTYXDXTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-H bis(2,2-dioxo-1,3,2,4-dioxathialumetan-4-yl) sulfate octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LFHXPRTYXDXTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052936 alkali metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
本発明は、主に土木分野で使用される吹付け材料及びそれを用いた吹付け工法に関する。 The present invention relates to a spraying material mainly used in the field of civil engineering and a spraying method using the same.
従来、急結剤をコンクリートに混合した急結性コンクリートを吹き付ける工法が用いられている（特許文献１、特許文献２参照）。 Conventionally, a method of spraying quick setting concrete in which a quick setting agent is mixed with concrete is used (see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
しかしながら、急結性コンクリートを使用しても吹付け面からコンクリートがはねかえる割合（リバウンド率）は少なくなく、さらに低減することが求められていた。 However, even when quick setting concrete is used, the ratio of rebounding from the sprayed surface (rebound rate) is not small, and further reduction has been demanded.
本発明は、セメントと急結剤と炭酸カルシウムを予め含有したセメント組成物と特定の液体急結剤を使用し、吹付けコンクリートのリバウンド率を低減できる付け材料及びそれを用いた吹付け工法を提供する。 The present invention uses a cement composition preliminarily containing cement, a quick setting agent, and calcium carbonate, and a specific liquid quick setting agent, and provides a mounting material that can reduce the rebound rate of shotcrete and a spraying method using the same. provide.
本発明は、セメントと粉体急結剤と炭酸カルシウムを予め含有してなるセメント組成物と、アルミニウムとイオウとアルカリ金属を含有してなる液体急結剤とを含有してなる吹付け材料であり、粉体急結剤がカルシウムアルミネート及び／又は硫酸アルミニウムである該吹付け材料であり、硫酸アルミニウムが無水物である該吹付け材料であり、炭酸カルシウムのブレーン比表面積が５０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上である該吹付け材料であり、液体急結剤が、さらに、フッ素を含有してなる該吹付け材料であり、セメントと急結剤と炭酸カルシウムを予め含有してなるセメント組成物と、アルミニウムとイオウとアルカリ金属を含有してなる液体急結剤と、を吹付け直前で混合し、吹付けることを特徴とする吹付け工法であり、セメントと粉体急結剤と炭酸カルシウムを予め含有してなるセメント組成物と、アルミニウムとイオウとアルカリ金属を含有してなる液体急結剤と、骨材と水の混合物と、を吹付け直前で混合し、吹付けることを特徴とする吹付け工法であり、粉体急結剤がカルシウムアルミネート及び／又は硫酸アルミニウムである該吹付け工法であり、硫酸アルミニウムが無水物である該吹付け工法であり、炭酸カルシウムのブレーン比表面積が５０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上である該吹付け工法であり、液体急結剤が、さらに、フッ素を含有してなる該吹付け工法である。 The present invention relates to a spray material comprising a cement composition containing a cement, a powder quick-setting agent and calcium carbonate in advance, and a liquid quick-setting agent containing aluminum, sulfur and an alkali metal. The powder setting agent is calcium aluminate and / or aluminum sulfate, and the aluminum sulfate is an anhydrous spray material. The specific surface area of calcium carbonate is 5000 cm 2 / g. The spray material as described above, wherein the liquid quick setting agent is further the spray material containing fluorine, and a cement composition previously containing cement, the quick setting agent, and calcium carbonate, and a liquid quick-setting admixture comprising an aluminum and sulfur and alkali metal, mixed in spraying immediately before a spraying method, wherein the spraying, cement powder abruptly Mix and spray immediately before spraying a cement composition containing a precipitant and calcium carbonate, a liquid accelerator containing aluminum, sulfur and alkali metal, and a mixture of aggregate and water A spraying method characterized in that the powder quick setting agent is calcium aluminate and / or aluminum sulfate, and the spraying method wherein aluminum sulfate is anhydrous, calcium carbonate This is a spraying method in which the Blaine specific surface area is 5000 cm 2 / g or more, and the liquid setting agent further contains fluorine.
本発明によって、吹付けコンクリートのリバウンド率を低減できるという効果を奏する。 By this invention, there exists an effect that the rebound rate of shotcrete can be reduced.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明でいうコンクリートとは、セメントペースト、モルタル、及びコンクリートの総称である。また、本発明における部や％は、特に規定しない限り質量基準である。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The concrete referred to in the present invention is a general term for cement paste, mortar, and concrete. Further, parts and% in the present invention are based on mass unless otherwise specified.
本発明のセメントは、特に限定されるものではなく、普通、早強、超早強、中庸熱、及び低熱等の各種ポルトランドセメントや、これらポルトランドセメントに高炉スラグ、フライアッシュ、及び石灰石微粉末を混合した各種混合セメント等のいずれも使用可能である。混合セメントにおける混合物とセメントの割合は特に限定されるものではなく、これら混和材をＪＩＳで規定する以上に混合したものも使用可能である。 The cement of the present invention is not particularly limited, and various portland cements such as ordinary, early strength, ultra-early strength, moderate heat, and low heat, and blast furnace slag, fly ash, and limestone fine powder to these Portland cements. Any of various mixed cements can be used. The ratio of the mixture and cement in the mixed cement is not particularly limited, and a mixture of these admixtures more than specified by JIS can be used.
本発明の急結剤は、初期にコンクリートの凝結を起こさせるものであれば特に制限されるものではなく、一般に市販されている粉体急結剤が使用可能である。例えば、カルシウムアルミネート、アルカリ金属アルミン酸塩、アルカリ金属炭酸塩、アルカリ金属硫酸塩、硫酸アルミニウム、ミョウバン、及びケイ酸塩等が使用可能である。これらの中では、カルシウムアルミネート及び／又は硫酸アルミニウムが好ましく、輸送性の点で、硫酸アルミニウムが好ましい。 The quick setting agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it causes the concrete to set in the initial stage, and a commercially available powder quick setting agent can be used. For example, calcium aluminate, alkali metal aluminate, alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal sulfate, aluminum sulfate, alum, and silicate can be used. Among these, calcium aluminate and / or aluminum sulfate are preferable, and aluminum sulfate is preferable in terms of transportability.
本発明の硫酸アルミニウムは、Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３・ｎＨ２Ｏの化学式を持ち、Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３・１４〜１８Ｈ２Ｏ、Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３・８Ｈ２Ｏ、硫酸アルミニウム無水物等が使用可能であるが、急結性の点で、ｎは１０以下であることが好ましく、急結性とセメント組成物の輸送性の点で、硫酸アルミニウム無水物が好ましい。 The aluminum sulfate of the present invention has a chemical formula of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 · nH 2 O, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 · 14 to 18H 2 O, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 · 8H 2 O, sulfuric acid Although an aluminum anhydride etc. can be used, it is preferable that n is 10 or less from the point of rapid setting property, and an aluminum sulfate anhydride is preferable at the point of quick setting property and the transportability of a cement composition.
本発明の急結剤の使用量は、コンクリート中のセメント１００部に対して、２〜２０部が好ましく、５〜１５部がより好ましい。２部未満では、優れた急結性状が得られず、リバウンド率が大きくなる場合があり、２０部を超えると、コンクリートの粘性が高くなり、セメント組成物の輸送性やコンクリートの圧送性が悪くなる場合がある。 The amount of the rapid setting agent of the present invention is preferably 2 to 20 parts, more preferably 5 to 15 parts, with respect to 100 parts of cement in the concrete. If it is less than 2 parts, an excellent quick setting property may not be obtained, and the rebound rate may increase. If it exceeds 20 parts, the viscosity of the concrete increases, and the transportability of the cement composition and the pumpability of the concrete are poor. There is a case.
本発明の炭酸カルシウムは、通常市販されているものが使用できる。炭酸カルシウムの比表面積は、セメント組成物の輸送性の点で、６０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上が好ましく、８０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上がより好ましい。 The calcium carbonate of this invention can use what is marketed normally. The specific surface area of calcium carbonate in terms of transporting the cement composition, preferably at least 6000cm 2 / g, 8000cm 2 / g or more is more preferable.
本発明の炭酸カルシウムの使用量は、コンクリート中のセメント１００部に対して、５〜４０部が好ましく、１０〜３０部がより好ましい。５部未満では、セメント組成物の急結性の低下を抑制できず、セメント組成物の輸送性が得られなくなる場合があり、４０部を超えると、強度発現性が悪くなる場合がある。 5-40 parts are preferable with respect to 100 parts of cement in concrete, and, as for the usage-amount of the calcium carbonate of this invention, 10-30 parts are more preferable. If the amount is less than 5 parts, a decrease in the rapid setting property of the cement composition cannot be suppressed, and the transportability of the cement composition may not be obtained. If the amount exceeds 40 parts, the strength development property may be deteriorated.
本発明の液体急結剤は、アルミニウムとイオウとアルカリ金属と水と必要に応じてフッ素を含有する。 The liquid quick-setting agent of the present invention contains aluminum, sulfur, alkali metal, water and, if necessary, fluorine.
液体急結剤の製造方法としては特に限定されるものではなく、硫酸アルミニウム、各種ミョウバン、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、硫酸、天然又は合成の氷晶石、フッ化ナトリウム、及びフッ化アルミニウムなどを用いて合成することが可能である。 The method for producing the liquid setting agent is not particularly limited, and aluminum sulfate, various alums, aluminum hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, natural or synthetic cryolite, sodium fluoride, and It can be synthesized using aluminum fluoride or the like.
液体急結剤中のアルミニウムとイオウとアルカリ金属の含有割合は、アルミニウムがＡｌ２Ｏ３換算で７〜１２部、イオウがＳＯ３換算で１６〜２２部、アルカリ金属がＲ２Ｏ換算（Ｒはナトリウム、カリウムなどのアルカリ金属を示す）で０．４〜６部であることが好ましく、アルミニウムがＡｌ２Ｏ３換算で８〜１０部、イオウがＳＯ３換算で１７〜２０部、アルカリ金属がＲ２Ｏ換算で１〜４部であることがより好ましい。 The content ratio of aluminum, sulfur and alkali metal in the liquid setting agent is as follows: aluminum is 7 to 12 parts in terms of Al 2 O 3 , sulfur is 16 to 22 parts in terms of SO 3 , and alkali metal is R 2 O equivalent (R Represents an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium), preferably 0.4 to 6 parts, aluminum is 8 to 10 parts in terms of Al 2 O 3 , sulfur is 17 to 20 parts in terms of SO 3 , alkali metals Is more preferably 1 to 4 parts in terms of R 2 O.
液体急結剤がフッ素を含有する場合、液体急結剤中のアルミニウムとイオウとアルカリ金属とフッ素の含有割合は、アルミニウムがＡｌ２Ｏ３換算で７〜１２部、イオウがＳＯ３換算で１６〜２２部、アルカリ金属がＲ２Ｏ換算で０．４〜６部、フッ素が０．５〜７部であること好ましく、アルミニウムがＡｌ２Ｏ３換算で８〜１０部、イオウがＳＯ３換算で１７〜２０部、アルカリ金属がＲ２Ｏ換算で１〜４部、フッ素が１〜５部であることがより好ましい。 When the liquid accelerator contains fluorine, the content of aluminum, sulfur, alkali metal and fluorine in the liquid accelerator is 7 to 12 parts in terms of Al 2 O 3 and 16 in terms of SO 3 in terms of sulfur. ~ 22 parts, alkali metal is preferably 0.4 to 6 parts in terms of R 2 O, fluorine is preferably 0.5 to 7 parts, aluminum is 8 to 10 parts in terms of Al 2 O 3 , and sulfur is in terms of SO 3 It is more preferable that 17 to 20 parts, alkali metal is 1 to 4 parts in terms of R 2 O, and fluorine is 1 to 5 parts.
液体急結剤中の固形分の濃度は、２０〜６０％であることが好ましく、２５〜５０％であることがより好ましい。２０％未満では優れた急結性状が得られない場合があり、６０％を超えると液の粘性が高く、ポンプでの庄送性が悪くなる場合がある。 The solid content in the liquid quick-setting agent is preferably 20 to 60%, more preferably 25 to 50%. If it is less than 20%, an excellent quick setting property may not be obtained, and if it exceeds 60%, the viscosity of the liquid is high and the transportability in the pump may be deteriorated.
アルミニウム、イオウ、ナトリウム、及び必要に応じて使用するフッ素の溶解方法は特に限定されるものではなく、通常の方法でよいが、溶解のしやすさから溶解温度を高くすることが好ましく、通常は２０〜９０℃以上が好ましい。 The method for dissolving aluminum, sulfur, sodium, and fluorine used as necessary is not particularly limited, and may be a normal method, but it is preferable to increase the melting temperature for ease of dissolution, usually 20-90 degreeC or more is preferable.
本発明の液体急結剤は、酸性であることが好ましく、ｐＨで６以下がより好ましい． The liquid accelerating agent of the present invention is preferably acidic, and more preferably 6 or less in pH.
本発明の液体急結剤の形態は液状又は懸濁液を含む。 The form of the liquid accelerator of the present invention includes a liquid or a suspension.
本発明の液体急結剤の使用量は、コンクリート中のセメント１００部に対して、５〜１５部が好ましく、７〜１２部がより好ましい。５部未満では、優れた急結性状が得られなくなる場合があり、１５部を超えると、長期強度発現性が悪くなる場合がある。 5-15 parts are preferable with respect to 100 parts of cement in concrete, and, as for the usage-amount of the liquid quick setting agent of this invention, 7-12 parts are more preferable. If it is less than 5 parts, excellent rapid setting properties may not be obtained, and if it exceeds 15 parts, long-term strength development may be deteriorated.
本発明の水／セメント（Ｗ／Ｃ）比は、３５〜６０％が好ましく、４０〜５５％がより好ましい。 The water / cement (W / C) ratio of the present invention is preferably 35 to 60%, more preferably 40 to 55%.
本発明では、前記各材料や、砂や砂利等の骨材の他に、錯体形成剤、シリカ質粉末、減水剤、ＡＥ剤、増粘剤、及び繊維等の混和材又は混和剤を本発明の目的を実質的に阻害しない範囲で併用することが可能である。 In the present invention, in addition to the above materials and aggregates such as sand and gravel, the present invention includes admixtures or admixtures such as complex forming agents, siliceous powders, water reducing agents, AE agents, thickeners, and fibers. Can be used in a range that does not substantially impede the purpose.
本発明の法面やトンネルヘの吹付け工法としては、一般的に行われている乾式、湿式のいずれの吹付け工法も可能である。粉塵の発生量が少ない点で、湿式吹付け工法が好ましい。 As the slope of the present invention or the tunnel spraying method, any of the commonly used dry and wet spraying methods can be used. The wet spraying method is preferable in that the amount of generated dust is small.
本発明は、セメントと急結剤と炭酸カルシウムを予め含有してなるセメント組成物と、アルミニウムとイオウとアルカリ金属を含有してなる液体急結剤とを吹付け直前で混合し、吹付ける。 In the present invention, a cement composition containing cement, a quick setting agent and calcium carbonate in advance and a liquid quick setting agent containing aluminum, sulfur and an alkali metal are mixed and sprayed just before spraying.
例えば、骨材と水を予め混合し、得られた混合物と、セメント組成物と、液体急結剤と、を一括混合して吹付けてもよく、骨材と水を予め混合し、得られた混合物を圧送し、圧送途中でセメント組成物を混合し、その後に液体急結剤を混合して吹付けもよい。 For example, the aggregate and water may be mixed in advance, and the resulting mixture, the cement composition, and the liquid quick-setting agent may be mixed and sprayed together. The mixture may be pumped, the cement composition may be mixed in the middle of pumping, and then the liquid quick-setting agent may be mixed and sprayed.
本発明の吹付け工法においては、従来の吹付け設備等の使用が可能である。吹付け設備は、吹付けが充分に行なわれれば特に限定されるものではない。例えば、骨材と水の混合物の圧送には、アリバ社製商品名「アリバ２８０」等が、セメント組成物の圧送には、ちよだ製作所製商品名「ナトムクリート」等が、液体急結剤の圧送には、有光工業社製商品名「ＴＡ−３ＤＸ、３Ｈ」等が、使用できる。 In the spraying method of the present invention, it is possible to use conventional spraying equipment and the like. The spray equipment is not particularly limited as long as spraying is sufficiently performed. For example, for the pumping of a mixture of aggregate and water, the trade name “Aliba 280” manufactured by Ariba is used. For the pumping of a cement composition, the product name “Natom Cleat” manufactured by Chiyoda Seisakusho is used. For pressure feeding, trade name “TA-3DX, 3H” manufactured by Ariko Kogyo Co., Ltd. can be used.
セメント１００部と炭酸カルシウムＡ２０部と表１に示す量の急結剤ａを予め配合したセメント組成物を、温度２０℃、相対湿度９０％で調製した。
その後、セメント組成物／砂が１／３、Ｗ／Ｃが５０％の配合を用い、減水剤を使用してモルタルフロー２００ｍｍのモルタルを調製した。調製したモルタル中のセメント１００部に対して、液体急結剤１０部を混合して型枠内に詰め込み、試験環境温度２０℃、相対湿度９０％で、凝結時間、モルタル圧縮強度を測定した。結果を表１に示す。
A cement composition in which 100 parts of cement, 20 parts of calcium carbonate A and the amount of the quick setting agent a shown in Table 1 were blended in advance was prepared at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90%.
Thereafter, a mortar having a mortar flow of 200 mm was prepared using a blending composition of 1/3 cement composition / sand and 50% W / C using a water reducing agent. With respect to 100 parts of the cement in the prepared mortar, 10 parts of a liquid setting agent was mixed and packed in a mold, and the setting time and the mortar compressive strength were measured at a test environment temperature of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90%. The results are shown in Table 1.
＜使用材料＞
液体急結剤ア：硫酸アルミニウム８水塩（和光純薬工業社製、試薬１級品）と水酸化ナトリウム（和光純薬工業社製、試薬１級品）を、液体急結剤１００部中、Ａｌ２Ｏ３；８部、ＳＯ３；２０部、Ｎａ２Ｏ；２部になるよう計算して混合し、得られた混合物と水をボールミルで混合し、８０℃で３時間攪拌し、固形分濃度４５％にしたもの。ｐＨは６以下。
液体急結剤イ：硫酸アルミニウム８水塩（和光純薬工業社製、試薬１級品）と水酸化ナトリウム（和光純薬工業社製、試薬１級品）と氷晶石（和光純薬工業社製、試薬１級品）を、液体急結剤１００部中、Ａｌ２Ｏ３；８部、ＳＯ３；２０部、Ｎａ２Ｏ；２部、フッ素；２部になるよう計算して混合し、得られた混合物と水をボールミルで混合し、８０℃で３時間攪拌し、固形分濃度４５％にしたもの。ｐＨは６以下。
セメント：普通ポルトランドセメント、比重３．１５、市販品、ブレーン比表面積３２００ｃｍ２／ｇ
細骨材：新潟県糸魚川市姫川産川砂、表乾状態、５ｍｍ下、比重２．６２
急結剤ａ：粉体、硫酸アルミニウム無水物（和光純薬工業社製、試薬１級品）
炭酸カルシウムＡ：市販品を粉砕したもの、ブレーン比表面積８０００ｃｍ２／ｇ
水：飲料水
減水剤：市販品、ポリエチレングリコール系
<Materials used>
Liquid quick setting agent A: Aluminum sulfate octahydrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, reagent grade 1) and sodium hydroxide (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, reagent grade 1) in 100 parts of liquid quick setting agent , Al 2 O 3 ; 8 parts, SO 3 ; 20 parts, Na 2 O; calculated to be 2 parts, mixed, and the resulting mixture and water were mixed with a ball mill, stirred at 80 ° C. for 3 hours, Solid content concentration 45%. pH is 6 or less.
Liquid quick setting agent A: Aluminum sulfate octahydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, grade 1), sodium hydroxide (made by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, grade 1) and cryolite (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) (Company, grade 1 reagent) is mixed in 100 parts of liquid quick-setting agent so that Al 2 O 3 ; 8 parts, SO 3 ; 20 parts, Na 2 O; 2 parts, fluorine; 2 parts. The resulting mixture and water were mixed with a ball mill and stirred at 80 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a solid concentration of 45%. pH is 6 or less.
Cement: ordinary Portland cement, specific gravity 3.15, commercial product, Blaine specific surface area 3200 cm 2 / g
Fine aggregate: Niigata prefecture Itoigawa city Himekawa production river sand, surface dry condition, 5mm below, specific gravity 2.62
Quick setting agent a: powder, aluminum sulfate anhydride (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, grade 1 reagent)
Calcium carbonate A: pulverized commercial product, Blaine specific surface area 8000 cm 2 / g
Water: Drinking water Water reducing agent: Commercial product, polyethylene glycol
＜測定方法＞
モルタルフロー：モルタルをＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０１「セメントの物理試験方法」に準じて測定。
凝結時間：急結性モルタルを土木学会基準「吹付けコンクリート用急結剤品質規格（ＪＳＣＥ−Ｄ １０２−２００１） 附属書」に準じて測定。
モルタル圧縮強度：急結性モルタルを土木学会基準「吹付けコンクリート用急結剤品質規格（ＪＳＣＥ−Ｄ １０２−２００１）」に準じて測定。
<Measurement method>
Mortar flow: mortar was measured according to JIS R 5201 “Cement physical test method”.
Setting time: Measured quick setting mortar according to Japan Society of Civil Engineers standard "Quality standard for quick setting agent for shotcrete (JSCE-D 102-2001) annex".
Mortar compressive strength: Quick setting mortar was measured according to the Japan Society of Civil Engineers standard "Quality standards for quick setting for shotcrete (JSCE-D 102-2001)".
表１から、本発明の吹付け材料では、急結剤として硫酸アルミニウムを予め配合したセメント組成物を使用すると、急結性、圧縮強度が良好な結果を示すことが分かる。液体急結剤にフッ素を含有させると、さらに、急結性、圧縮強度が良い結果を示した。 From Table 1, it can be seen that, in the spray material of the present invention, when a cement composition preliminarily blended with aluminum sulfate as a rapid setting agent is used, rapid setting and compressive strength show good results. When fluorine was included in the liquid quick setting agent, the quick setting property and compressive strength were further improved.
温度２０℃、相対湿度９０％、細骨材１０１４ｋｇ／ｍ３、粗骨材６８６ｋｇ／ｍ３、水２０３ｋｇ／ｍ３の配合で試験した。細骨材、粗骨材、及び水からなる混合物を、吹付け圧力０．４ＭＰａ、吹付け速度８ｍ３／ｈの条件下で、アリバ社製商品名「アリバ２８０」により圧送した。次いで、この混合物の圧送途中に設けたＹ字管の一方から、セメント１００部と炭酸カルシウムＡ２０部と表２に示す量の急結剤ａを予め配合したセメント組成物を、圧送圧力０．５ＭＰａ、吹付け速度１．５ｍ３／ｈの条件下で、ちよだ製作所製商品名「ナトムクリート」により加えて、吹付けコンクリートとし、この吹付けコンクリートを圧送した。吹付けコンクリートの圧送途中で、さらにＹ字管を設け、Ｙ字管の一方から、液体急結剤イをセメント１００部に対して、１０部になるように、圧送圧力０．５ＭＰａの条件下で、有光工業社製商品名「ＴＡ−３ＤＸ、３Ｈ」により加えていき、急結性吹付けコンクリートとし、この急結性吹付けコンクリートの吹付け施工を実施し、圧送性、リバウンド率、粉塵量、コンクリート圧縮強度を測定した。結果を表２に示す。 Temperature 20 ° C., 90% relative humidity, fine aggregates 1014kg / m 3, coarse aggregate 686kg / m 3, were tested in the formulation of water 203kg / m 3. A mixture composed of fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water was pumped by the trade name “Aliba 280” manufactured by Ariva under a spraying pressure of 0.4 MPa and a spraying speed of 8 m 3 / h. Next, from one of the Y-tubes provided in the middle of the pumping of this mixture, a cement composition in which 100 parts of cement, 20 parts of calcium carbonate A and an amount of the quick-setting agent a shown in Table 2 were blended in advance was pumped at a pressure of 0.5 MPa. Under the condition of a spraying speed of 1.5 m 3 / h, it was added by a brand name “Natomcrete” manufactured by Chiyoda Seisakusho to form a shotcrete, and this shotcrete was pumped. In the middle of the pumping of shotcrete, a Y-tube is further provided, and from one of the Y-tubes, the liquid quick-setting agent a is 10 parts with respect to 100 parts of cement under the condition of a pumping pressure of 0.5 MPa. In addition, it is added according to the trade name “TA-3DX, 3H” manufactured by Aritsu Kogyo Co., Ltd., and the quick setting sprayed concrete is carried out. The amount of dust and concrete compressive strength were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
＜使用材料＞
粗骨材：新潟県青海町産石灰砂利、表乾状態、Ｇｍａｘ１０mm、比重２．６６
<Materials used>
Coarse aggregate: Lime gravel from Aomi Town, Niigata Prefecture, surface dry state, Gmax 10 mm, specific gravity 2.66
＜測定方法＞
スランプ：コンクリートをＪＩＳ Ａ １１０１「コンクリートのスランプ試験方法」に準じて測定。
圧送性：吹付け施工での圧送状態を目視した。急結性吹付けコンクリートが脈動なく吹付け可能な場合を良とし、若干脈動が見られる場合を可とし、脈動が相当目立つ場合を不可とした。
コンクリート圧縮強度：日本道路公団規格ＪＨＳ ７０２−１９９２「吹付コンクリートの初期強度試験」に準じて測定。調整した急結性吹付コンクリートを吹付けした。材齢１時間は幅２５ｃｍ×長さ２５ｃｍのプルアウト型枠供試体を使用し、プルアウト型枠表面からピンを急結性吹付コンクリートで被覆し、型枠の裏側よりピンを引き抜き、その時の引き抜き強度を求め、（圧縮強度）＝（引き抜き強度）×４／（供試体接触面積）の式から圧縮強度を算出した。材齢１日以降はＪＩＳ Ａ １１０８「コンクリートの圧縮強度試験方法」に準じて測定。幅５０ｃｍ×長さ５０ｃｍ×厚さ２０ｃｍの型枠から採取した直径５ｃｍ×長さ１０ｃｍの供試体を２０トン耐圧機で測定し、圧縮強度を求めた。
リバウンド率：急結性吹付けコンクリートを１０ｍ３／ｈの圧送速度で１０分間、鉄板でアーチ状に作成した高さ３．５ｍ、幅２．５ｍの模擬トンネルに吹付けた。その後、（リバウンド率）＝（模擬トンネルに付着せずに落下した急結性吹付けコンクリートの量）／（模擬トンネルに吹付けた急結性吹付けコンクリートの量）×１００（％）で算出した。
粉塵量：装置名：柴田科学社製「Ｐ−５Ｌ」を用いて測定。急結性吹付けコンクリートを１０ｍ３／ｈの圧送速度で１０分間、模擬トンネルに吹付けた。その後、吹付け場所より３ｍの定位置で粉塵量を測定した。
<Measurement method>
Slump: Concrete was measured according to JIS A 1101 “Method for testing slump of concrete”.
Pumping property: The pumping state in spray construction was visually observed. The case where the quick setting sprayed concrete can be sprayed without pulsation was judged good, the case where slight pulsation was seen was acceptable, and the case where pulsation was considerably conspicuous was made impossible.
Concrete compressive strength: Measured according to Japan Highway Public Corporation Standard JHS 702-1992 “Initial strength test of shotcrete”. Adjusted quick setting sprayed concrete was sprayed. For the age of 1 hour, use a 25cm wide x 25cm long pullout form specimen, cover the pin from the surface of the pullout formwork with quick setting spray concrete, pull the pin from the back side of the formwork, and pull out strength at that time The compressive strength was calculated from the formula of (compressive strength) = (pullout strength) × 4 / (test specimen contact area). Measured according to JIS A 1108 “Testing method for compressive strength of concrete” after the age of 1 day. A specimen having a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 10 cm taken from a mold having a width of 50 cm, a length of 50 cm and a thickness of 20 cm was measured with a 20-ton pressure machine to determine the compressive strength.
Rebound rate: Quick setting shotcrete was sprayed on a simulated tunnel having a height of 3.5 m and a width of 2.5 m created in an arch shape with an iron plate at a pumping speed of 10 m 3 / h for 10 minutes. After that, (Rebound rate) = (Amount of quick setting sprayed concrete dropped without adhering to the simulated tunnel) / (Amount of quick setting shot concrete sprayed to the simulated tunnel) x 100 (%) did.
Dust amount: Device name: Measured using “P-5L” manufactured by Shibata Kagakusha. The quick setting spray concrete was sprayed on the simulated tunnel at a pumping speed of 10 m 3 / h for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the amount of dust was measured at a fixed position of 3 m from the spraying place.
表２から、本発明の吹付け工法では、リバウンド率、粉塵量、圧縮強度が良好な結果を示すことが分かる。また、急結剤として硫酸アルミニウムを適量使用すると圧送性が良好な結果を示した。 From Table 2, it can be seen that in the spraying method of the present invention, the rebound rate, the amount of dust, and the compressive strength show good results. In addition, when an appropriate amount of aluminum sulfate was used as a quick setting agent, a good pumpability was obtained.
セメント１００部と表３に示す急結剤１０部と炭酸カルシウムを予め配合したセメント組成物を使用したこと以外は、実施例２と同様に実施し、輸送性、コンクリート圧縮強度を測定した。結果を表３に示す。 It carried out similarly to Example 2 except having used the cement composition which mix | blended 100 parts of cement, 10 parts of quick setting agents shown in Table 3, and calcium carbonate beforehand, and measured transportability and concrete compressive strength. The results are shown in Table 3.
＜使用材料＞
急結剤ｂ：粉体、硫酸アルミニウム８水塩（和光純薬工業社製、試薬１級品）
炭酸カルシウムＢ：市販品を粉砕したもの、ブレーン比表面積５０００ｃｍ２／ｇ
<Materials used>
Quick setting agent b: powder, aluminum sulfate octahydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, grade 1 reagent)
Calcium carbonate B: pulverized commercial product, Blaine specific surface area 5000 cm 2 / g
＜測定方法＞
輸送性：吹付け施工でのセメント組成物の輸送状態と、吹付け施工後の「ナトムクリート」のローター羽根の状態を目視した。吹付け施工中にセメント組成物が脈動なく輸送可能であり、吹付け施工後にローター羽根にセメント組成物が付着しない場合を良とし、若干脈動が見られるものの輸送可能であり、ローター羽根にセメント組成物が若干付着する場合を可とし、ローター羽根にセメント組成物がかなり付着し、セメント組成物を輸送できない場合を不可とした。
<Measurement method>
Transportability: The state of transportation of the cement composition during spraying and the state of the rotor blades of “Natom Cleat” after spraying were visually observed. The cement composition can be transported without pulsation during spraying, and it can be transported even if there is some pulsation after the spraying, and the cement composition does not adhere to the rotor blade. The case where a thing adhered slightly was permitted, and the case where a cement composition adhered considerably to a rotor blade | blade and the cement composition could not be conveyed was made impossible.
表３から、本発明の吹付け材料では、炭酸カルシウムを使用することにより、セメント組成物の輸送性が良好な結果を示すことが分かる。しかし、炭酸カルシウムが多いと圧縮強度が低下する傾向を示した。
炭酸カルシウムのブレーン比表面積が大きいと、セメント組成物の輸送性が良好な結果を示した。また、急結剤として硫酸アルミニウムが無水物だと、含水物よりも、セメント組成物の輸送性が良好な結果を示した。
From Table 3, it can be seen that in the spray material of the present invention, by using calcium carbonate, the transportability of the cement composition shows a good result. However, when the amount of calcium carbonate is large, the compressive strength tends to decrease.
When the Blaine specific surface area of calcium carbonate was large, the transportability of the cement composition was good. Moreover, when aluminum sulfate was an anhydrous as a quick setting agent, the transportability of the cement composition was better than that of the hydrated product.
セメント１００部と表４に示す炭酸カルシウムＡと急結剤１０部を予め配合した後、温度２０℃、相対湿度９０％で、表４に示す期間貯蔵したセメント組成物を使用し、液体急結剤イを使用したこと以外は、実施例１と同様に実施し、凝結時間、モルタル圧縮強度を測定した。結果を表４に示す。 After preliminarily blending 100 parts of cement, 10 parts of calcium carbonate A shown in Table 4 and 10 parts of the quick-setting agent, using the cement composition stored at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90% for the period shown in Table 4, Except having used agent A, it implemented like Example 1 and measured setting time and mortar compressive strength. The results are shown in Table 4.
＜使用材料＞
急結剤ｃ：粉体、カルシウムアルミネート、非結晶質、１２ＣａＯ・７Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ブレーン比表面積５９００ｃｍ２／ｇ
<Materials used>
Kyuyuizai c: powder, calcium aluminate, amorphous, 12CaO · 7Al 2 O 3, Blaine specific surface area of 5900cm 2 / g
表４から、本発明の吹付け材料では、炭酸カルシウムを使用すると、急結剤を予め配合してから３０日以上保存したセメント組成物を使用しても、セメント組成物の急結性の低下を抑制でき、急結性、圧縮強度が良好な結果を示すことが分かる。また、急結剤として硫酸アルミニウムがカルシウムアルミネートよりも、９０日保存後の急結性、圧縮強度が良好な結果を示した。 From Table 4, in the spraying material of the present invention, when calcium carbonate is used, even if a cement composition that has been stored for 30 days or more after the quick setting agent is blended in advance, the rapid setting property of the cement composition is reduced. It can be seen that the results show good results in quick setting and compressive strength. Further, aluminum sulfate as a quick setting agent showed better results in quick setting and compressive strength after 90 days storage than calcium aluminate.
セメント１００部と表５に示す炭酸カルシウムＡと急結剤１０部を予め配合した後、温度２０℃、相対湿度９０％で、表５に示す期間貯蔵したセメント組成物を使用したこと以外は、実施例２と同様に実施し、リバウンド率、粉塵量を測定した。結果を表５に示す。 After pre-blending 100 parts of cement and 10 parts of calcium carbonate A shown in Table 5 and 10 parts of the quick setting agent, except that the cement composition stored at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90% for the period shown in Table 5 was used. It implemented similarly to Example 2 and measured the rebound rate and the amount of dust. The results are shown in Table 5.
表５から、本発明の吹付け材料では、炭酸カルシウムを使用すると、急結剤を予め配合してから３０日以上保存したセメント組成物を使用しても、セメント組成物の急結性の低下を抑制でき、リバウンド率、粉塵量が良好な結果を示すことが分かる。また、急結剤として硫酸アルミニウムがカルシウムアルミネートよりも、リバウンド率、粉塵量が良好な結果を示した。 From Table 5, in the spraying material of the present invention, when calcium carbonate is used, even if a cement composition that has been stored for 30 days or more after the quick setting agent is blended in advance, the rapid setting property of the cement composition is reduced. It can be seen that the rebound rate and the amount of dust show good results. In addition, aluminum sulfate as a quick setting agent showed better rebound rate and dust amount than calcium aluminate.
本発明は、例えば、法面、又は、道路、鉄道、及び導水路等のトンネルにおいて、露出した地山面に吹付ける吹付け材料及びそれを用いた吹付け工法に使用できる。
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for, for example, a spraying material sprayed on an exposed natural ground surface and a spraying method using the same on a slope or a tunnel such as a road, a railway, and a waterway.
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| CN101535208B (en) | 2006-11-09 | 2012-01-25 | 电气化学工业株式会社 | Set accelerator and technique for spraying with the same |
| JP4950635B2 (en) | 2006-11-24 | 2012-06-13 | 株式会社ニフコ | Retraction mechanism |
| JP5069153B2 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2012-11-07 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Porous purification material and purification method using porous filter using the same |
| JP5069154B2 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2012-11-07 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Porous purification material and purification method using porous filter using the same |
| JP2011148660A (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2011-08-04 | Yoshiro Wakimura | Cement admixture |
| KR101147160B1 (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2012-05-25 | (주)지중공영 | Slope protection method by high durable and permeable concrete |
| JP6186170B2 (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2017-08-23 | デンカ株式会社 | Cement quick setting material and cement composition using the same |
| CN103739221B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-09-30 | 南充春飞纳米晶硅技术有限公司 | A kind of efficient accelerating chemicals and production method thereof |
| JP6793576B2 (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2020-12-02 | デンカ株式会社 | Filling material and filling method using it |
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| JP2001159239A (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-12 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Execution method for sprayed concrete |
| JP2001163650A (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-19 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Quick-setting agent for cement |
| WO2005019131A1 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2005-03-03 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Spraying material and spray technique employing the same |
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| JP2001159239A (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-12 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Execution method for sprayed concrete |
| JP2001163650A (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-19 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Quick-setting agent for cement |
| WO2005019131A1 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2005-03-03 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Spraying material and spray technique employing the same |
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