JP4720511B2 - Small-scale hydroelectric generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a small-scale hydroelectric power generation apparatus that generates power using hydropower.

As a hydroelectric power generation device, for example, there is one that generates electric power by rotating a water turbine by hydraulic power. In the case of using a water wheel, it is necessary to prevent foreign matter from entering the water wheel. For this reason, a screen for removing foreign matter is disposed on the upstream side of the water wheel. Since such a screen is gradually closed by foreign matter, it is necessary to remove the foreign matter at a predetermined timing. In order to eliminate such foreign matter, an inlet valve is provided in the water conduit to the water wheel, a screen is provided downstream of the inlet valve, and an opening / closing valve is provided between the upstream side of the inlet valve and the downstream side of the screen. The first bypass pipe is connected, and the upstream part of the screen and the downstream part of the water turbine are connected downstream of the inlet valve by a second bypass pipe having an on-off valve (for example, a patent). Reference 1). Normally, this device opens the inlet valve, closes both open / close valves of the bypass pipe, allows water to flow through the water turbine, and closes the guide vane and the inlet valve during backwashing to remove foreign matter. In the open state, water is allowed to flow in the opposite direction from the first bypass pipe to the screen to separate the foreign matter from the screen, and the foreign matter is discharged from the second bypass pipe to the downstream side of the water wheel. In addition, there is also one that reverses the water wheel to remove foreign matter from the screen (Patent Document 2).
JP-A 63-97876 JP 2005-188349 A

  In any of the above-described apparatuses, there has been a problem that a complicated structure is required for removing foreign matter from the screen and the cost is increased.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a small-scale hydroelectric generator that can suppress an increase in cost with a simple structure.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 includes a water intake port installed in a water channel, a foreign material removal tank for removing foreign material from water taken in the water intake port, and after passing through the foreign material removal tank. A small-scale hydroelectric power generation apparatus having a power generation apparatus in which water is introduced through a flow path to generate electric power using the water hydraulic power, wherein the water intake has a cylindrical shape in which a large number of water intake holes penetrating in the radial direction are formed It is characterized in that one end side of the portion is closed with a closing portion, and the closing portion is installed facing upstream in the flowing direction of the water channel.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the power generation device has a hydraulic turbine that rotates by hydropower, and the diameter of the intake hole is a diameter of a sphere of a maximum size that can pass through the hydraulic turbine. It is set as follows.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the interval between the intake holes is set to a value obtained by subtracting the diameter of the intake holes from the length of the object to be removed. To do.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a water intake port installed in the water channel, a foreign material removal tank for removing foreign material from the water taken in the water intake port, and water after passing through the foreign material removal tank through the flow path. A small-scale hydroelectric power generation device having a power generation device that has been introduced and generates electricity with the hydropower of the water, wherein the foreign matter removal tank has an inflow port through which water taken in at the intake port flows in, and an inflow port from the inflow port A water inlet that can be opened and closed to send water to the power generation device, and a foreign matter removal tank that is divided into an inlet chamber on the inlet side and an outlet chamber on the inlet side to remove foreign substances from the inlet chamber to the outlet chamber. It has a screen for restricting movement, and an openable and closable discharge port provided in the lower part of the inflow chamber.

  The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the invention according to claim 4, the screen is inclined so as to be located closer to the inflow chamber with respect to the vertical direction.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the intake port formed by closing one end side of the cylindrical portion formed with a large number of intake holes penetrating in the radial direction with the closing portion is directed toward the upstream side in the flowing water direction. Installed in waterways. Since the intake port installed in this way has a closed portion directed to the upstream side in the flowing direction in which foreign matter is most likely to flow in, the inflow of foreign matter is suppressed in this respect. In addition, the water intake port takes water through the water intake hole of the cylindrical portion, and at that time, the foreign matter is prevented from entering at a portion other than the water intake hole of the cylindrical portion. The foreign matter that has been prevented is easily peeled off by running water in the water channel, and thus the foreign matter is also prevented from adhering to the cylindrical portion. Therefore, since the adhesion of the foreign matter itself is suppressed by using the flowing water of the water channel, the structure becomes simple and the cost increase can be suppressed.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the diameter of the water intake hole is set to be equal to or less than the diameter of the sphere of the maximum size that can pass through the water turbine of the power generation device, the water turbine is removed even if foreign matter passes through the water intake hole. Passage is possible and clogging of the water turbine is prevented.

  According to the invention of claim 3, since the interval between the water intake holes is set to a value obtained by subtracting the diameter from the length of the object to be removed, one object to be removed is adsorbed across a plurality of water intake holes. It is almost gone. Accordingly, the adsorption force of the removal target to the water intake can be kept low, and the separation object is more easily peeled off by running water in the water channel.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, when water taken from the intake port is supplied from the inlet to the foreign substance removal tank and then flows from the water inlet to the power generation device, the foreign substance that has entered the foreign substance removal tank becomes the inflow chamber side. It moves to the outflow chamber side from the entrance and the entrance to the outflow chamber is blocked by the screen. When the water inlet is closed and the outlet is opened, water is drained from the lower outlet of the inflow chamber, and water flows from the outflow chamber side to the inflow chamber side. It is peeled off and discharged from the outlet. As described above, the screen can be backwashed by providing the screen in the foreign matter removal tank, and providing the inflow port, the opening and closing water inlet and the opening and closing outlet, so that the structure is simplified and the cost is increased. Can be suppressed.

  According to the fifth aspect of the invention, since the screen is inclined so as to be located closer to the inflow chamber with respect to the vertical direction, foreign matter is easily peeled off by gravity during backwashing, and the screen is better reversed. It can be washed.

  A first embodiment of a small-scale hydroelectric generator according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing a small-scale hydroelectric generator 11, and this small-scale hydroelectric generator 11 is installed in a water channel 12 having a height difference such as a stream. The small-scale hydroelectric generator 11 is connected to a water intake 13 installed in a water channel 12, a water intake conduit 14 having one end connected to the water intake 13, and the other end of the water intake conduit 14. A sand settling tank (foreign matter removal tank) 15 that mainly sinks and removes sand from the water taken at the water intake 13, a power generator conduit pipe (flow path) 16 having one end connected to the sand settling tank 15, and the power generator guide A power generation device 17 that is connected to the other end of the water pipe 16 and generates power by the hydropower of the water introduced through the power generation device water conduit 16, and a drain pipe 18 that returns water after passing through the power generation device 17 to the water channel 12. I have. A sand settling tank 15 is installed at a lower position than the water intake 13, and a power generation device 17 is installed at a lower position than the settling tank 15.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the power generation device 17 includes a case 21 connected to the intake water conduit 14, a turbine body 22 that rotates by the hydraulic power of water introduced into the case 21 through the intake water conduit 14, and A hydraulic generator unit 26 having a cross flow turbine (turbine) 23 and a generator 25 driven by rotation of the turbine body 22, a battery 27 for storing electric power generated by the generator 25, and a controller 28 including an inverter. And a control unit 29.

  This small-scale hydroelectric generator 11 is a small-scale device having a maximum output of 1 kW or less, and can be used as a regular power source in a place where there is no commercial power source. For example, a power source for farms, a mountain hut, and peripheral equipment It is used as a power source for lighting and septic tanks, a power source for wireless relay stations, a mobile power source for construction sites, and a power source for beast harm prevention fences.

  In the first embodiment, the intake port 13 includes, as shown in FIG. 3, a cylindrical portion 31, a closing portion 32 that closes one end portion of the cylindrical portion 31 in the axial direction, and the other end side of the cylindrical portion 31. And an attachment portion 33 attached to the. The cylindrical portion 31 is formed by bending a so-called punching metal in which a large number of circular water intake holes 35 penetrating in the radial direction are formed at a uniform pitch into a cylindrical shape. The closing part 32 has a non-circular disk shape fitted to one end part of the cylindrical part 31 in the axial direction. The attachment portion 33 includes an annular fitting plate 37 that is fitted to one end of the cylindrical portion 31 in the axial direction, and an attachment port portion 38 that protrudes from the inner peripheral portion of the fitting plate 37 to the opposite side of the cylindrical portion 31. And have.

  More specifically, the diameter of the water intake hole 35 is set to be equal to the diameter of the sphere of the maximum size that can pass through the crossflow water turbine 23 (which may be smaller than the diameter). In this case, the diameter of the water intake hole 35 is set. Is set to 10 mm. Further, the arrangement pitch of the water intake holes 35, that is, the interval between adjacent water intake holes 35 is set to a value obtained by subtracting the diameter of the water intake holes 35 from the length of the object to be removed. Here, it is assumed that the statistically largest length of the leaf of 50 mm is the removal object, and as a result, the arrangement pitch of the water intake holes 35 having a diameter of 10 mm is 40 mm where the hole diameter: pitch is 1: 4. It has become.

  Such a water intake 13 is attached to the water intake conduit 14 at the attachment port portion 38, and in this state, the closed portion 32 is installed on the upstream side in the water flow direction of the water channel 12. In addition, the water intake 13 is fixed to the water channel 12 through an installation tool (not shown) if necessary. The longer the intake port 13 is, the longer the maintenance cycle can be made. Moreover, it is good to make the material of the water intake 13 have corrosion resistance, or to give the water intake 13 a corrosion resistance treatment such as painting.

  According to the first embodiment as described above, the intake port 13 formed by closing one end side of the cylindrical portion 31 formed with a large number of intake holes 35 penetrating in the radial direction with the closing portion 32 is closed as described above. It is installed in the water channel 12 with the section 32 directed upstream in the flowing water direction. The intake port 13 installed in this way has a closed portion 32 that is directed to the upstream side in the flow direction in which foreign substances are most likely to flow, so that inflow of foreign substances is suppressed in this respect. In addition, the water intake port 13 takes water through the water intake hole 35 of the cylindrical portion 31, and at that time, the foreign matter is prevented from entering at a portion other than the water intake hole 35 of the cylindrical portion 31. Since it follows the direction, the foreign matter that has been prevented from entering is easily peeled off by the flowing water in the water channel 12, and thus the foreign matter is prevented from adhering to the cylindrical portion 31. Therefore, since the adhesion of the foreign matter itself is suppressed by using the flowing water of the water channel 12, a simple structure is obtained, and an increase in cost can be suppressed.

  Further, since the diameter of the water intake hole 35 is set to be equal to or smaller than the diameter of the sphere of the maximum size that can pass through the cross flow turbine 23 of the power generation device 17, even if a foreign object passes through the water intake hole 35, the cross flow turbine 23. The cross flow turbine 23 is prevented from being clogged.

  Furthermore, since the interval between the water intake holes 35 is set to a value obtained by subtracting the diameter from the length of the removal target object, one removal target object is hardly absorbed across the plurality of water intake holes 35. . Therefore, the adsorption force of the removal target to the water intake port 13 can be kept low, and it becomes easier to be separated by running water in the water channel 12.

  A second embodiment of a small-scale hydroelectric generator according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6 focusing on differences from the first embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part similar to 1st Embodiment, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In 2nd Embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the water intake 13 of 1st Embodiment is not attached, but the water intake 43 without the foreign material removal function for taking water into the water inlet conduit 14 is simply provided. Is provided. In the second embodiment, instead of the sand settling tank 15 described above, a sand settling tank 45 different from this is provided. In other words, as shown in FIG. 5, the sand settling tank 45 of the second embodiment is connected to the water intake conduit 14 and has an inlet 46 for flowing water taken in at the water intake 43 into the sand settling tank 45. The water introduction port 47 that sends water inside the sand settling tank 45 to the power generation device 17 by being connected to the power generation device water guide pipe 16, the discharge port 48 that returns the water inside the sand settling tank 45 to the water channel 12, and the sand settling tank 45. And an overflow port 49 for discharging the water to the outside when the water level inside becomes higher.

  The sand settling tank 45 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the above-described inflow port 46 is provided on the side plate 52 side orthogonal to the side plate 51 on the upper side of the one side plate 51 so as to be orthogonal to the side plate 51. Further, the discharge port 48 described above is provided on the side plate 52 side below the side plate 53 facing the side plate 51 so as to be orthogonal to the side plate 53. Further, the overflow port 49 described above is provided on the upper side of the side plate 52 so as to be orthogonal to the side plate 52. In addition, a water inlet 47 is provided at a lower portion of the side plate 54 facing the side plate 52 so as to be orthogonal to the side plate 54.

  A non-perforated plate-like partition plate 56 that connects the side plate 51 and the side plate 53 in parallel with the side plates 52 and 54 at a position between the inlet 46 and the water inlet 47 in the sand settling tank 45, and the partition plate 56 A screen 57 made of a mesh such as a wire mesh is provided so as to extend upward from the upper edge of the wire and connect the side plate 51 and the side plate 53. The screen 57 is inclined with respect to the vertical so that the upper part is close to the side plate 52 side. The partition plate 56 and the screen 57 divide the sand settling tank 45 into an inflow chamber 60 on the inflow port 46 side and an outflow chamber 61 on the water inlet 47 side. As a result, the screen 57 is in the vertical direction. The upper side is inclined so as to be located on the inflow chamber 60 side. The partition plate 56 restricts the movement of heavy foreign matter mainly composed of earth and sand that has settled in the inflow chamber 60 to the outflow chamber 61, and the screen 57 has a weight mainly composed of leaves and the like floating in the inflow chamber 60. The movement of relatively light foreign matter to the outflow chamber 61 is restricted. The discharge port 48 described above is provided in the lower part of the inflow chamber 60, and the overflow port 49 is provided in the upper part of the inflow chamber 60.

  The inlet 46 is provided with a flow rate adjusting valve 63 that can adjust the flow rate of water passing through the inlet 46, and the water inlet 47 is provided with an opening / closing valve 64 that can open and close the water inlet 47. The discharge port 48 is provided with an open / close valve 65 that can open and close the discharge port 48, and the overflow port 49 is normally open.

  In such a sand settling tank 45, during power generation, as shown in FIG. 6 (a), the opening / closing valve 64 of the water inlet 47 is opened and the opening / closing valve 65 of the discharge port 48 is closed. Water supplied from the inlet 46 into the tank 45 flows from the water inlet 47 to the power generator 17. At this time, the foreign matter A that has entered the sand settling tank 45 together with water tends to move from the inflow chamber 60 side to the outflow chamber 61 side, but is prevented from entering the outflow chamber 61 by the partition plate 56 and the screen 57. Therefore, the water from which the foreign matter has been removed flows from the sand settling tank 45 to the power generation device 17.

  On the other hand, when an operation of backwashing is input to the controller 28 at an appropriate timing, the controller 28 closes the opening / closing valve 64 of the water inlet 47 while keeping the opening / closing valve 65 of the discharge port 48 closed. Then, the water level in the sand settling tank 45 rises. When the opening / closing valve 65 is opened at an appropriate timing and the flow rate of the inflow port 46 is adjusted by the flow rate adjustment valve 63, the water in the sand settling tank 45 is discharged from the discharge port 48 and gradually, As the water level drops, the flow of water from the outflow chamber 61 side to the inflow chamber 60 side causes the foreign matter adhering to the screen 57 to be peeled off and discharged outside from the discharge port 48 (that is, backwashing). ) At this time, as shown in FIG. 6B, the water level in the outflow chamber 61 becomes higher than the water level in the inflow chamber 60 due to the blockage of the screen 57 by the foreign matter A adhering to the screen 57 in some cases. Will cause the water in the outflow chamber 61 to exert a greater force on the foreign matter A on the screen 57, causing it to peel off. In addition, since the screen 57 is inclined so as to be positioned closer to the inflow chamber 60 toward the upper side with respect to the vertical direction, foreign substances are easily peeled off by gravity during backwashing, and backwashing can be performed better.

  As described above, in the second embodiment, the screen 57 is provided in the sand settling tank 45, and the screen 57 is provided by providing the flow rate adjustable inlet 46, the openable / closable water inlet 47, and the openable / closable outlet 48. Since backwashing can be performed, the structure becomes simple and an increase in cost can be suppressed.

  Further, since the inflow direction of water through the inlet 46 is along the inner surface of the sand settling tank 45, the water that has flowed in forms a spiral along the inner surface of the sand settling tank 45, and sediments foreign matter such as earth and sand well by the cyclone effect. Can be made.

  Of course, it is possible to provide both the water intake 13 of the first embodiment and the sand settling tank 45 of the second embodiment.

1 is a perspective view showing an overall configuration of a first embodiment of a small-scale hydroelectric generator according to the present invention. 1 is a perspective view showing a power generator of a first embodiment of a small-scale hydroelectric generator according to the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows the water intake of 1st Embodiment of the small scale hydroelectric generator which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the whole structure of 2nd Embodiment of the small-scale hydroelectric generator which concerns on this invention. It is a permeation | transmission perspective view which shows the sand settling tank of 2nd Embodiment of the small scale hydroelectric generator which concerns on this invention. It is a sectional side view which shows the sand settling tank of 2nd Embodiment of the small-scale hydroelectric generator which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

11 Small-scale hydroelectric generator 12 Water channel 13 Water intake 15 Sand settling tank (foreign matter removal tank)
16 Power generation device conduit (flow path)
17 Power generation equipment 23 Cross-flow turbine (turbine)
31 Cylindrical part 32 Blocking part 35 Water intake hole 46 Inlet 47 Water inlet 48 Outlet 57 Screen 60 Inflow chamber 61 Outflow chamber

Claims (5)

A water intake installed in the waterway;
A foreign matter removal tank for removing foreign matter from the water taken at the water intake;
A small-scale hydroelectric power generation apparatus having a power generation apparatus in which water after passing through the foreign matter removal tank is introduced through a flow path to generate electric power with the hydroelectric power of the water,
The intake port is configured such that one end side of a cylindrical portion in which a large number of intake holes penetrating in the radial direction is formed is closed with a closed portion, and the closed portion is installed toward the upstream side in the flowing direction of the water channel. A small-scale hydroelectric generator.   The said power generation device has a water turbine rotated by hydropower, The diameter of the said water intake hole is set below the diameter of the largest size spherical body which can pass the said water turbine. Small-scale hydroelectric generator.   The small-scale hydroelectric generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the interval between the intake holes is set to a value obtained by subtracting the diameter of the intake holes from the length of the object to be removed. A water intake installed in the waterway;
A foreign matter removal tank for removing foreign matter from the water taken at the water intake;
A small-scale hydroelectric power generation apparatus having a power generation apparatus in which water after passing through the foreign matter removal tank is introduced through a flow path to generate electric power with the hydroelectric power of the water,
The foreign matter removal tank is
An inflow port through which water taken from the water intake port flows,
An openable and closable water inlet that sends water flowing in from the inlet to the power generator;
A screen for regulating the movement of foreign matter from the inflow chamber to the outflow chamber by dividing the inside of the foreign matter removal tank into an inflow chamber on the inlet side and an outflow chamber on the water inlet side;
A small-scale hydroelectric generator having an openable / closable outlet provided at a lower portion of the inflow chamber. The small-scale hydroelectric generator according to claim 4, wherein the screen is inclined so as to be positioned closer to the inflow chamber with respect to the vertical direction.

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