JP4707370B2 - Processed object incineration system and processable object incineration method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an incineration system and an incineration method, and more particularly, to an incineration system and an incineration method for incinerating an especially high water content such as sewage sludge.

  Sewage sludge with a high water content generated from a sewage treatment plant is generally incinerated for volume reduction and detoxification. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, sewage sludge dehydrated in advance is fed to the incinerator 1 and is heated and incinerated. At that time, sewage sludge having a high water content (about 70 to 80%) Since the calorific value is low, the incinerator 1 is burned using city gas, heavy oil, or the like as auxiliary fuel. In order to reduce the consumption of auxiliary fuel as much as possible, an air preheater 2 is installed at the rear stage of the incinerator 1 to recover heat from the generated exhaust gas.

However, since this method requires a considerable amount of auxiliary fuel consumption, a waste heat boiler 3 is installed at the rear stage of the incinerator 1 and the exhaust gas generated from the waste heat boiler 3 is heated as shown in FIG. A system that uses the recovered steam to generate power by the steam turbine 4 or supply heat has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1).
JP-T-2001-520360

  However, even if the exhaust gas generated from the waste heat boiler is recovered by the above-mentioned sludge incineration system, both the amount of power generation and heat utilization rate are low, and there are few advantages for the invested equipment cost, making it practical. The current situation is scarce. Heat use is also used for air conditioning and hot water pools, etc., but these uses vary greatly in seasonal heat demand, and as a heat use application for sewage sludge incinerators operating throughout the year. It will be limited and the usage efficiency will never be high.

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is high practicality in which the heat utilization rate from the incineration system having a very high water content such as sewage sludge is further increased in view of the circumstances of the above-described conventional technology. The object is to provide an incineration system and an incineration method.

The above-mentioned subject is achieved by the invention described in each claim. That is, the characteristic structure of the to-be-processed object incineration system which concerns on this invention has incineration equipment which incinerates to-be-processed object, and the turbine apparatus which supplies the high temperature steam obtained from this incineration equipment, and takes out an electric power and a heat source A to-be-treated product incineration system, wherein a heat source from the incineration facility is supplied to the turbine device via a superheater, and the heat source is supplied from the turbine device to an absorption refrigeration machine. A heat source is taken out and used, and a gas turbine is provided in parallel. The exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine is sent to the superheater and the air preheater, so that the heat source of the superheater is sent to the air preheater. The air preheated by the air preheater is supplied to the incineration facility.

  According to this configuration, it is possible to use the cold heat source generated from the absorption chiller for refrigeration equipment with little fluctuation in seasonal heat demand, and to increase the heat utilization due to the incineration of the material to be processed that is constantly generated. It can be maintained and heat utilization efficiency can be increased throughout the year.

  As a result, it was possible to provide a highly practical to-be-treated material incineration system in which the heat utilization rate from the to-be-treated material incineration system such as sewage sludge was extremely increased.

In addition, a heat source from the incineration facility is supplied to the turbine device via a superheater, and the heat source from the turbine device is supplied to an absorption chiller, and the heat source of the superheater is sent to an air preheater. It is preferable to feed the air preheated by the air preheater to the incineration facility .

According to this configuration, can be efficiently utilized as a vapor from the heat incinerator generated by incineration of the object, the heat source from the incinerator is fed to the turbine system through the superheater, moreover, from the turbine unit The heat source is sent to the absorption chiller , the heat source of this superheater is sent to the air preheater, and further, the preheated air is sent to the incineration facility , so that the thermal efficiency of the entire system can be made extremely high. .

At this time, it is preferable that the gas turbines are arranged side by side, and the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbines is supplied to the superheater and the air preheater.

  According to this configuration, the heat utilization factor of the entire system can be further increased.

The absorption chiller is an ammonia absorption chiller, and a cold heat source is taken out from the ammonia absorption chiller to a refrigeration facility and used, and a heat source generated from the ammonia absorption chiller is used to dry the object to be processed. It is preferable to use it for the drying process of the said to-be-processed object before supplying to an apparatus and throwing into the said incineration equipment .

According to this configuration, energy saving can be further achieved by the ammonia absorption refrigerator, and the amount of auxiliary fuel used in the incineration facility by being used in the processing object drying apparatus can be further reduced.

Separately from the incineration facility , an auxiliary boiler is provided upstream of the superheater, and a control device is provided for supplying / instructing the high-temperature steam from the auxiliary boiler to the superheater or absorption refrigerator . It is preferable.

According to this configuration, even if the incineration facility is temporarily suspended due to maintenance or inspection of the incineration facility , or the function is deteriorated, etc., the power, cold, or heat source is always stable throughout the year. Can provide.

Moreover, the characteristic structure of the to-be-processed object incineration method which concerns on this invention incinerates to-be-processed object by incineration equipment, supplies the high temperature steam obtained by incineration by this incineration equipment to a turbine apparatus, and takes out an electric power and a heat source. An incineration method, wherein a heat source from the incineration facility is supplied to the turbine device via a superheater, and the heat source is supplied from the turbine device to an absorption refrigerator, and a cold heat source is supplied from the absorption refrigerator. In addition to taking out and using the gas turbine, the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine is supplied to the superheater and the air preheater, thereby supplying the heat source of the superheater to the air preheater. It is to supply the air preheated by the air preheater to the incineration facility.

  According to this configuration, it is possible to provide a highly practical processing object incineration method in which the heat utilization rate from the processing object incineration system such as sewage sludge that is extremely high in water is further increased.

In addition, a heat source from the incineration facility is supplied to the turbine device via a superheater, and the heat source from the turbine device is supplied to an absorption chiller, and the heat source of the superheater is sent to an air preheater. It is preferable to feed the air preheated by the air preheater to the incineration facility .

  According to this configuration, the thermal efficiency of the entire system can be further increased.

At this time, it is preferable that the gas turbines are arranged side by side, and the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbines is supplied to the superheater and the air preheater.

  According to this configuration, the thermal efficiency of the entire system can be further increased.

The absorption chiller is an ammonia absorption chiller, and a cold heat source is taken out from the ammonia absorption chiller to a refrigeration facility and used, and a heat source generated from the ammonia absorption chiller is used to dry the object to be processed. It is preferable to use it for the drying process of the said to-be-processed object before supplying to an apparatus and throwing into the said incineration equipment .

  According to this configuration, the thermal efficiency of the entire system can be further increased.

It is preferable that an auxiliary boiler is provided upstream of the superheater separately from the incineration facility, and high-temperature steam from the auxiliary boiler is supplied / instructed to the superheater or the absorption chiller by a control device.

According to this configuration, even if a situation occurs in which the incineration facility is temporarily stopped due to maintenance inspection or the like, it is possible to provide power, cold energy, or a heat source stably at all times throughout the year.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a workpiece incineration system according to the present embodiment. Gravity concentration or mechanical concentration as required. Furthermore, the sewage sludge which is a to-be-processed object previously dehydrated using each main dehydrator etc. is incinerated while being heated by the fluidized bed boiler 10 which is one kind of incineration equipment. The fluidized bed boiler 10 has a fluidized bed made of sand or the like in the lower part, a combustion chamber is provided in the upper part, and a boiler facility is arranged adjacent to the combustion chamber, so that heat generated from the combustion chamber is generated. It can be efficiently recovered as steam. By doing in this way, compared with the system which dissipates heat from an incinerator like the prior art, heat utilization can be aimed at effectively, and it is preferable. The heat-recovered steam is sent to the independent superheater 12 through the pipe 11 and further sent to the steam turbine 13.

Moreover, the gas turbine 14 is arranged in parallel, and the exhaust gas discharged | emitted from this gas turbine 14 is sent to the independent superheater 12 and the air preheater 15 following this. In this way, the steam supplied from the independent superheater 12 to the steam turbine 13 is used for heating, so that the output of the steam turbine 13 is increased and the air introduced into the air preheater 15 is heated. To make it available for use. The exhaust gas is heat-exchanged to the air preheater 15, detoxified as necessary, and discharged from the chimney (not shown) to the atmosphere. The air preheated by the air preheater 15 is supplied to the fluidized bed boiler 10.

  High-temperature steam (about 200 ° C.) generated from the steam turbine 13 is further supplied to the ammonia absorption refrigerator 16 and used as a drive source for operating the ammonia absorption refrigerator 16. Of course, the absorption refrigerator is not necessarily limited to the ammonia absorption refrigerator, but using an ammonia absorption refrigerator is advantageous in that it saves energy. And the cold heat (about -40 degreeC) which generate | occur | produced from the ammonia absorption refrigerating machine 16 is supplied and utilized for refrigeration facilities like a freezer warehouse, and the heat utilization rate is raised. Such a facility is convenient because there is almost no fluctuation in demand due to the season, and the heat generated during the incineration of the sewage sludge that is constantly generated can be used.

  Furthermore, the power or heat source is output from the generator 17 connected to the gas turbine 14 and the steam turbine 13, and the power or heat source is used as a driving power source or heat source for a sewage treatment plant that is always used. Electric power or heat sources are used for various purposes. In particular, since sewage treatment plants are often located in urban areas, around factories, etc., it is easy to effectively use electric power or heat sources.

  In general, sewage sludge is mainly composed of organic substances and contains few heavy metals. Therefore, after being incinerated (ash, etc.), it is mixed with cement or buried in soil.

A sewage sludge of 300 t / day having a moisture content of 77% and a lower calorific value of 17,200 kJ / kg per solid was treated by the incineration system shown in FIG. At that time, the city gas used was about 1,850 Nm ³ / h, the amount of power generated by the steam turbine was 2,500 kW, and the amount of power generated by the gas turbine was 4,660 kW. Then, running the ammonia absorption refrigerator, with the cold of the 7.6GJ / h, it was able to hold a long time refrigerator capacity (approximately 230,000m ³⁾ to -30 to-20 ° C. .

[Another embodiment]
(1) In the above embodiment, in consideration of a situation in which the fluidized bed boiler 10 is temporarily stopped due to maintenance or the like, the independent superheater 12 is separated from the fluidized bed boiler 10 as shown in FIG. An auxiliary boiler 18 may be provided on the upstream side. In other words, a control device C is provided for grasping the operation state of the fluidized bed boiler 10 and instructing the high-temperature steam from the auxiliary boiler 18 to be supplied to the independent superheater 12 or the steam turbine 13, thereby making the entire system highly efficient. To operate at. By doing in this way, even if the fluidized bed boiler 10 is paused or a function is deteriorated, it is possible to provide power, cold energy, or a heat source stably at all times throughout the year.
(2) Further, prior to introducing the sewage sludge into the fluidized bed boiler 10, the dewatering is performed or the sewage sludge is dried by the dryer 20 alone. At that time, as shown in FIG. Heated steam (about 200 ° C.) generated from the type refrigerator 16 may be introduced into the dryer 20 and used as a heat source for drying. Thereby, the usage-amount of auxiliary fuels, such as city gas consumed by the fluidized bed boiler 10, can be reduced further, and the heat utilization efficiency is further improved as the whole system. Of course, the auxiliary boiler shown in FIG. 2 may be provided in the system shown in FIG.
(3) In the above embodiment, the sewage sludge is described as an example of the object to be treated. However, the present invention can be effectively applied to incineration other than sewage sludge as long as it has a lot of moisture.
(4) In the above embodiment, an example in which a fluidized bed boiler is used to incinerate an object to be treated has been shown, but the incineration equipment is not limited to this, but a gasification melting furnace, other melting furnaces Etc. may be used.

1 is a schematic overall configuration diagram of an incineration system to be processed according to an embodiment of the present invention. Schematic whole block diagram of a to-be-processed object incineration system concerning another embodiment of the present invention Schematic whole block diagram of the to-be-processed object incineration system which concerns on another embodiment of this invention Schematic configuration diagram showing a sewage sludge incineration treatment system according to the prior art Schematic configuration diagram showing another sewage sludge incineration treatment system according to the prior art

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Incinerator 12 Superheater 13 Turbine apparatus 14 Gas turbine 15 Air preheater 16 Absorption-type refrigerator 18 Auxiliary boiler 20 Dryer

Claims (6)

A to-be-processed incineration system comprising an incineration facility for incinerating an object to be processed, and a turbine device for supplying high-temperature steam obtained from the incineration facility to extract electric power and a heat source, wherein the heat source from the incineration facility , Supplying to the turbine device via a superheater, supplying a heat source from the turbine device to an absorption refrigeration machine, taking out and using a cold heat source from the absorption chiller, and arranging a gas turbine in parallel. By supplying the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine to the superheater and the air preheater, the heat source of the superheater is supplied to the air preheater, and the air preheated by the air preheater is sent to the incineration facility. A processing object incineration system characterized by feeding. The absorption chiller is an ammonia absorption chiller, and a cold heat source is taken out from the ammonia absorption chiller to a refrigeration facility and used, and a heat source generated from the ammonia absorption chiller is used to dry the object to be processed. and feeding the apparatus, the object to be treated incineration system according to claim 1 to be used for drying in front of the object to be processed to be introduced into the incinerator. Separately from the incineration facility, an auxiliary boiler is provided upstream of the superheater, and a control device is provided for supplying / instructing the high-temperature steam from the auxiliary boiler to the superheater or absorption refrigerator. The to-be-processed object incineration system of Claim 1 or 2 . An incineration method for incinerating an object to be processed by an incineration facility, supplying high-temperature steam obtained by the incineration by the incineration facility to a turbine device, and extracting electric power and a heat source, wherein the heat source from the incineration facility , Supplying to the turbine device via a superheater, supplying a heat source from the turbine device to an absorption refrigeration machine, taking out and using a cold heat source from the absorption chiller, and arranging a gas turbine in parallel. By supplying the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine to the superheater and the air preheater, the heat source of the superheater is supplied to the air preheater, and the air preheated by the air preheater is sent to the incineration facility. A method for incinerating an object to be processed, characterized by feeding. The absorption chiller is an ammonia absorption chiller, and a cold heat source is taken out from the ammonia absorption chiller to a refrigeration facility and used, and a heat source generated from the ammonia absorption chiller is used to dry the object to be processed. The to-be-processed object incineration method of Claim 4 utilized for the drying process of the said to-be-processed object before feeding to an apparatus and throwing in into the said incineration equipment. Apart from the incinerator, the auxiliary boiler arranged upstream of the superheater to claim 4 or 5 feeding and instructions to the superheater or absorption chiller by the controller of the high-temperature steam from the auxiliary boiler The method for incinerating the object to be treated.

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