JP4706702B2 - COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, COMMUNICATION DEVICE, COMMUNICATION METHOD, AND PROGRAM - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a communication system, a communication apparatus, a communication method, and a program, and more particularly, to a communication system, a communication apparatus, a communication method, and a program that can enjoy the advantages of a plurality of communication protocols.

  In recent years, for example, wireless communication such as WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), Bluetooth (registered trademark) (hereinafter, abbreviated as BT communication as appropriate), IC (Integrated Circuit) card system, etc. has attracted attention. .

  Among these, for example, in an IC card system, a reader / writer generates an electromagnetic wave to form a so-called RF (Radio Frequency) field (magnetic field). When the IC card approaches the reader / writer, the IC card is supplied with power by electromagnetic induction and transmits data to / from the reader / writer.

  The specifications of the IC card system currently being implemented include what are called type A and type B, for example.

  Type A is adopted as the MIFARE system of Philips. Data transmission from the reader / writer to the IC card is performed by Miller, and data transmission from the IC card to the reader / writer is performed. Is encoded by Manchester. In Type A, a data transmission rate of 106 kbps (kilo bit per second) is employed.

  In Type B, data is encoded by NRZ for data transmission from the reader / writer to the IC card, and data is encoded by NRZ-L for data transmission from the IC card to the reader / writer. In Type B, 106 kbps is adopted as the data transmission rate.

  In addition, as an IC card system, one that selects a communication protocol to be used from a plurality of communication protocols and performs communication using the selected communication protocol has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP-A-6-276249

  By the way, in the IC card system described in Patent Document 1, although communication using a plurality of communication protocols is possible, after the communication protocol to be used is selected, communication using the selected communication protocol is performed. Therefore, after the communication protocol is selected, communication using another communication protocol cannot be performed.

  On the other hand, for example, in an IC card system, for example, a communication protocol for specifying and communicating with an IC card as a communication partner is employed. Further, for example, in BT communication, a communication protocol capable of data transmission (communication) at a higher speed than the current IC card system is adopted. Therefore, for example, in an IC card system, if an IC card as a communication partner is specified and then the communication protocol can be switched to a communication protocol for performing BT communication, high-speed data transmission is possible. That is, in this case, the communication partner can be specified by the communication protocol employed in the IC card system, and further, high-speed data transmission can be performed by the communication protocol for performing BT communication. The advantages of multiple communication protocols can be enjoyed.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and makes it possible to perform communication capable of enjoying the advantages of a plurality of communication protocols.

A communication system according to a first aspect of the present invention is a communication system including an initiator that is a communication device that transmits a request to a communication partner, and a target that is a communication device that returns a response to the request from the initiator. The first initiator communication means for performing communication with the target according to a first communication protocol, and the identification information obtained by requesting the target for information for identifying the communication partner of communication. Between the acquisition means and the target identified as a communication partner, an initiator transaction ID (Identification) and an initiator transaction key for the target, and a target transaction ID and a target transaction key transmitted from the target Initiator to replace And switching means, the information of the target is available communications protocols, and protocol information acquiring means for acquiring requested by the communication by the first communication protocol, based on the information of the target is available communications protocols, A selection means for selecting a second communication protocol to be switched from the first communication protocol and a request to switch communication with the target from communication with the first communication protocol to communication with the second communication protocol A switching request transmitting means, a switching response receiving means for receiving a switching response transmitted by the target in response to the switching request, and the target using the target transaction key as an encryption key, after exchanging encrypted request and response of the switching Second initiator communication means for performing communication according to the second communication protocol, and wherein the target communicates with the initiator according to a first communication protocol; and In response to a request for information for identifying a communication partner from the initiator, an identification information transmission unit that transmits a random ID, and a target transaction ID and target for the initiator between the initiator and the initiator Target exchange means for exchanging a transaction key, an initiator transaction ID and an initiator transaction key transmitted from the initiator, and the target can be used in response to a request for information on an available communication protocol from the initiator Various communication protocols A response means for returning an information response, a switching request receiving means for receiving the switching request from the initiator, a switching response transmitting means for returning the switching response to the switching request, and the initiator between, as the encryption key to the initiator transaction key, after exchanging encrypted request and response of the switching, characterized in that a second target communication means for performing communication by the second communication protocol And
The first initiator communication unit terminates communication using the first communication protocol after exchanging the switching request and response with the target, and the first target communication unit includes After exchanging the switching request and response with the initiator, the communication using the first communication protocol can be terminated.

A communication device according to a second aspect of the present invention is a communication device serving as an initiator that transmits a request to a communication partner, and performs communication using a first communication protocol with a target that returns a response to the request from the initiator. Between the first initiator communication means to perform, identification information acquisition means for requesting and acquiring information for identifying the communication partner of communication to the target, and the target identified as the communication partner, Exchange means for exchanging the initiator transaction ID (Identification) and initiator transaction key for the target with the target transaction ID and target transaction key transmitted from the target, and information on the communication protocol that can be used by the target , According to the first communication protocol A protocol information acquisition unit that requests and acquires by communication; a selection unit that selects a second communication protocol to be switched from the first communication protocol based on information of a communication protocol that can be used by the target; Switching request transmitting means for requesting switching of communication of the first communication protocol to communication using the second communication protocol, and switching performed by the target in response to the switching request. a switching response receiving means for receiving a response, between the target, the target transaction key as an encryption key, after exchanging encrypted request and response of the switching, the communication by the second communication protocol And a second initiator communication means for performing That.
The first initiator communication means can end the communication by the first communication protocol after exchanging the switching request and response with the target.

  Communication according to the first and second communication protocols is wireless communication, and when the target is in proximity to the first initiator communication means, between the other target, Communication according to the first communication protocol can be performed.

  In the first communication protocol, communication can be performed by specifying the target in a close state.

A communication method according to a second aspect of the present invention is a communication method of a communication device that is an initiator that transmits a request to a communication partner, and the first communication protocol is used with a target that returns a response to the request from the initiator. Between the first initiator communication step for performing communication according to the above, the identification information acquisition step for requesting and acquiring information for identifying the communication partner of communication with the target, and the target identified as the communication partner An exchange step for exchanging an initiator transaction ID (Identification) and an initiator transaction key for the target with a target transaction ID and a target transaction key transmitted from the target, and a communication protocol that can be used by the target The information A protocol information acquisition step that is requested and acquired by communication using a communication protocol of the first communication protocol, and a selection step of selecting a second communication protocol to be switched from the first communication protocol based on information of a communication protocol that can be used by the target A switching request transmission step for requesting switching of communication with the target from communication using the first communication protocol to communication using the second communication protocol, and the target transmits the request for the switching. A switching response receiving step for receiving an incoming switching response and the target after encrypting and exchanging the switching request and response using the target transaction key as an encryption key . Second init that performs communication using communication protocol Characterized in that it comprises a eta communication step.

The program according to the second aspect of the present invention is a program that causes a computer to function as a communication device that serves as an initiator that transmits a request to a communication partner, and is a first to a target that returns a response to the request from the initiator A first initiator communication step for performing communication according to the communication protocol, an identification information acquiring step for requesting and acquiring information for identifying a communication partner of communication with the target, and the target identified as the communication partner between, and the initiator transaction ID (for the Identification) and initiator transactions key to the target, the exchange step for exchanging a target transaction ID and target transaction key transmitted from the target, the target is accessible A protocol information acquisition step of requesting and acquiring information on a communication protocol by communication according to the first communication protocol, and a first switching from the first communication protocol based on information on a communication protocol available to the target A selection step for selecting two communication protocols, a switching request transmission step for requesting to switch communication with the target from communication with the first communication protocol to communication with the second communication protocol, and the switching respect of the request, the switching response receiving step of said target to receive a response switching coming transmitted, between said target, said target transaction key as an encryption key, encrypts the request and the response of the switching after exchanging Te, the second communication flop A second initiator communication step of performing communication by Tokoru, causes the computer to execute.

A communication apparatus according to a third aspect of the present invention is a communication apparatus that is a target for returning a response to a request from an initiator that transmits a request to a communication partner, and performs communication using the first communication protocol with the initiator. A first target communication means to perform, an identification information transmission means for transmitting an ID (Identification) by a random number in response to a request for information for identifying a communication partner from the initiator, and the initiator The exchange means for exchanging the target transaction ID and target transaction key for the initiator and the initiator transaction ID and initiator transaction key transmitted from the initiator, and the communication protocol available from the initiator. In response to a request for information, Response means for returning a response of communication protocol information available to the network, and a second communication protocol for the initiator to switch from the first communication protocol based on information of the communication protocol available to the target And a switching request receiving means for receiving a switching request transmitted by requesting to switch the communication with the target from the communication with the first communication protocol to the communication with the second communication protocol. In response to the switching request, a switching response transmission unit that returns a switching response that responds to switching communication based on the first communication protocol to communication based on the second communication protocol, and the initiator , as the encryption key the initiator transaction key, cornerstone of the switching And after exchanging encrypted response, characterized in that it comprises a second target communication means for performing communication by the second communication protocol.
The first target communication means can end the communication using the first communication protocol after exchanging the switching request and response with the initiator.

A communication method according to a third aspect of the present invention is a communication method of a communication device that is a target for returning a response to a request from an initiator that transmits a request to a communication partner, and the first communication protocol is communicated with the initiator. A first target communication step for performing communication according to the above; an identification information transmission step for transmitting an ID (Identification) using a random number in response to a request for information for identifying a communication partner of communication from the initiator; and the initiator An exchange step for exchanging a target transaction ID and a target transaction key for the initiator with an initiator transaction ID and an initiator transaction key transmitted from the initiator, and an available from the initiator Key of communication protocol information In response to the request, a response step of returning a response of communication protocol information usable by the target, and a step of switching the first communication protocol from the first communication protocol by the initiator based on the communication protocol information usable by the target 2 is selected, and a request for switching is received by requesting switching of communication with the target from communication using the first communication protocol to communication using the second communication protocol. A switching request receiving step, a switching response transmitting step for returning a switching response in response to switching the communication based on the first communication protocol to the communication based on the second communication protocol in response to the switching request; between the initiator, the initiator transaction key As an encryption key, after exchanging encrypted request and response of the switching, characterized in that it comprises a second target communication step of performing communication by the second communication protocol.

A program according to a third aspect of the present invention is a program for causing a computer to function as a target communication device that returns a response to a request from an initiator that transmits a request to a communication partner. A first target communication step for performing communication using a communication protocol; and an identification information transmitting step for transmitting an ID (Identification) using a random number in response to a request for information for identifying a communication partner of communication from the initiator; An exchange step for exchanging a target transaction ID and target transaction key for the initiator with the initiator and an initiator transaction ID and an initiator transaction key transmitted from the initiator, and a benefit from the initiator. A response step of returning a response of communication protocol information usable by the target in response to a request for information of a usable communication protocol; and Sending by selecting a second communication protocol to be switched from the first communication protocol, and requesting that the communication with the target be switched from the communication by the first communication protocol to the communication by the second communication protocol A switching request receiving step for receiving the switching request, and a switching response for responding to switching the communication based on the first communication protocol to the communication based on the second communication protocol in response to the switching request. a switching response transmission step of returning, in between the initiator, prior to The initiator transaction key as an encryption key, after exchanging encrypted request and response of the switching, a second target communication step of performing communication by the second communication protocol, causes the computer to execute.

In the first aspect of the present invention, with the target, the communication using the first communication protocol is performed, the target, information for identifying the communication partner of the communication is acquired is requested, the communication The initiator transaction ID (Identification) and initiator transaction key for the target are exchanged with the target identified as the partner, and the target transaction ID and target transaction key sent from the target are exchanged, and the target can be used. The communication protocol information is requested and acquired by communication using the first communication protocol, and the second communication protocol to be switched from the first communication protocol is selected based on the communication protocol information usable by the target, and the target Communication with the first From communication by the communication protocol, is required to switch to the communication by the second communication protocol, the request for switching, the target response is received the switching coming transmitted, with the target, the target transaction key After the exchange request and response are encrypted and exchanged as the encryption key, communication is performed using the second communication protocol. Further, between the initiator, the communication using the first communication protocol is performed, from the initiator, in response to the request for information for identifying the communication partner of the communication, ID by the random number (for the Identification) is transmitted, the initiator The target transaction ID and target transaction key for the initiator are exchanged with the initiator transaction ID and initiator transaction key sent from the initiator, and the target can be used in response to a request from the initiator. A communication protocol information response is returned, a switching request is received from the initiator, a switching response is returned in response to the switching request, and switching is performed with the initiator using the initiator transaction key as an encryption key. Requests and After the response is encrypted and exchanged, communication using the second communication protocol is performed.

In the second aspect of the present invention, with the target, the communication using the first communication protocol is performed, the target, information for identifying the communication partner of the communication is acquired is requested, the communication The initiator transaction ID (Identification) and initiator transaction key for the target are exchanged with the target identified as the partner, and the target transaction ID and target transaction key sent from the target are exchanged, and the target can be used. The communication protocol information is requested and acquired by communication using the first communication protocol, and the second communication protocol to be switched from the first communication protocol is selected based on the communication protocol information usable by the target, and the target Communication with the first From communication by the communication protocol, is required to switch to the communication by the second communication protocol, the request for switching, the target response is received the switching coming transmitted, with the target, the target transaction key After the exchange request and response are encrypted and exchanged as the encryption key, communication is performed using the second communication protocol.

In the third aspect of the present invention, communication is performed with the initiator using the first communication protocol, and an ID based on a random number is received in response to a request for information from the initiator for identifying a communication partner of communication. (Identification) is sent and the target transaction ID and target transaction key for the initiator are exchanged with the initiator , and the initiator transaction ID and initiator transaction key sent from the initiator are exchanged. In response, a response of information on a communication protocol that can be used by the target is returned, a switching request is received from the initiator, a switching response is returned in response to the switching request, and the initiator receives an initiator. Transaction key and encryption key Then, after the switching request and response are encrypted and exchanged, communication using the second communication protocol is performed.

  According to one aspect of the present invention, communication that can enjoy the advantages of a plurality of communication protocols can be performed.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram of a communication system to which the present invention is applied (a system refers to a logical combination of a plurality of devices, regardless of whether the devices of each configuration are in the same housing). The structural example of embodiment is shown.

  In FIG. 1, the communication system includes three communication devices 1, 2, and 3. Each of the communication devices 1 to 3 can perform communication using a plurality of communication protocols, for example.

  In addition, the communication apparatus which comprises a communication system is not limited to the three communication apparatuses 1 thru | or 3, Two communication apparatuses and four or more communication apparatuses may be sufficient.

  1 can be adopted as an IC card system in which one or more of the communication devices 1 to 3 are reader / writers and the other one or more are IC cards. Each of 1 to 3 can also be employed as a communication system in which portable terminals such as a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a PC (Personal Computer), a mobile phone, a wristwatch, and a pen having a communication function. That is, the communication devices 1 to 3 are not limited to an IC card or a reader / writer of an IC card system. In addition to the communication devices 1, 2, or 3, the communication system can be configured to include, for example, an IC card or a reader / writer that constitutes a conventional IC card system.

  However, here, each of the communication devices 1 to 3 has a function of performing wireless communication, and the plurality of communication protocols include NFC (Near Field Communication).

  NFC is a communication protocol for proximity communication by electromagnetic induction using a single frequency carrier wave with other communication devices, and the carrier frequency is, for example, 13.56 MHz in the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band. Etc. are adopted.

  Here, the proximity communication means communication that enables a distance between communicating devices within several tens of centimeters, and includes communication that is performed by contacting (communicating with) the communicating devices.

  NFC allows communication in two communication modes. The two communication modes include a passive mode and an active mode. Now, focusing on communication between the communication devices 1 to 3, for example, between the communication devices 1 and 2, in the passive mode, one of the communication devices 1 and 2 as in the conventional IC card system described above. For example, the communication device 1 transmits data to the communication device 2 which is the other communication device by modulating the electromagnetic wave (corresponding to the carrier wave) generated by the communication device 1. Data is transmitted to the communication device 1 by load-modulating an electromagnetic wave (corresponding to the electromagnetic wave) generated by the communication device 1.

  On the other hand, in the active mode, each of the communication devices 1 and 2 transmits data by modulating the electromagnetic wave (corresponding carrier wave) generated by itself.

  Here, when performing proximity communication by electromagnetic induction, a device that first outputs an electromagnetic wave and starts communication, and so to speak, is called an initiator. The initiator transmits a command (request) to the communication partner, and the communication partner returns a response (response) to the command.Nearby communication is performed, but the communication partner that returns a response to the command from the initiator Call it a target.

  For example, when the communication device 1 starts outputting electromagnetic waves and starts communication with the communication device 2, the communication device 1 becomes an initiator and the communication device 2 becomes a target as shown in FIGS. It becomes.

  In the passive mode, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the communication device 1 that is an initiator continues to output electromagnetic waves, and the communication device 1 modulates the electromagnetic waves that it outputs, thereby communicating with the communication device 2 that is the target. In addition, the communication device 2 transmits data to the communication device 1 by load-modulating the electromagnetic wave output from the communication device 1 as an initiator.

  On the other hand, in the active mode, as shown in FIG. 3, when the communication device 1 serving as an initiator transmits data, the communication device 1 starts outputting an electromagnetic wave and modulates the electromagnetic wave. Data is transmitted to the communication device 2. And the communication apparatus 1 stops the output of an electromagnetic wave after transmission of data is complete | finished. When the communication device 2 that is the target also transmits data, the communication device 2 starts output of electromagnetic waves by itself and modulates the electromagnetic waves to transmit data to the communication device 2 that is the target. And the communication apparatus 2 stops the output of an electromagnetic wave after transmission of data is completed.

  Next, FIG. 4 shows a configuration example of a portion that performs communication by NFC of the communication device 1 of FIG. The other communication devices 2 and 3 in FIG. 1 are also configured in the same manner as the communication device 1 in FIG.

  The antenna 11 constitutes a closed loop coil, and outputs an electromagnetic wave when the current flowing through the coil changes. In addition, a current flows through the antenna 11 as the magnetic flux passing through the coil as the antenna 11 changes.

  The receiving unit 12 receives the current flowing through the antenna 11, performs tuning and detection, and outputs it to the demodulation unit 13. The demodulator 13 demodulates the signal supplied from the receiver 12 and supplies it to the decoder 14. The decoding unit 14 decodes, for example, a Manchester code as a signal supplied from the demodulation unit 13, and supplies data obtained as a result of the decoding to the data processing unit 15.

  The data processing unit 15 performs predetermined processing based on the data supplied from the decoding unit 14. The data processing unit 15 supplies data to be transmitted to another device to the encoding unit 16.

  The encoding unit 16 encodes the data supplied from the data processing unit 15 into, for example, a Manchester code and supplies the encoded data to the selection unit 17. The selection unit 17 selects either the modulation unit 19 or the load modulation unit 20 and outputs the signal supplied from the encoding unit 16 to the selected one.

  Here, the selection unit 17 selects the modulation unit 19 or the load modulation unit 20 according to the control of the control unit 21. When the communication mode is the passive mode and the communication device 1 is the target, the control unit 21 causes the selection unit 17 to select the load modulation unit 20. In addition, when the communication mode is the active mode, or when the communication mode is the passive mode and the communication device 1 is the initiator, the control unit 21 causes the selection unit 17 to select the modulation unit 19. Therefore, the signal output from the encoding unit 16 is supplied to the load modulation unit 20 via the selection unit 17 in the case where the communication mode is the passive mode and the communication device 1 is the target. In the case, the signal is supplied to the modulation unit 19 via the selection unit 17.

  The electromagnetic wave output unit 18 causes the antenna 11 to pass a current for radiating a carrier wave (having its electromagnetic wave) having a predetermined single frequency from the antenna 11. The modulation unit 19 modulates a carrier wave as a current that the electromagnetic wave output unit 18 passes through the antenna 11 according to a signal supplied from the selection unit 17. As a result, the antenna 11 emits an electromagnetic wave obtained by modulating the carrier wave in accordance with the data output from the data processing unit 15 to the encoding unit 16.

  The load modulation unit 20 changes the impedance when the coil as the antenna 11 is viewed from the outside according to the signal supplied from the selection unit 17. When an RF field (magnetic field) is formed around the antenna 11 by another device outputting an electromagnetic wave as a carrier wave, the impedance when the coil as the antenna 11 is viewed changes. The surrounding RF field also changes. Thereby, the carrier wave as the electromagnetic wave output from another device is modulated according to the signal supplied from the selection unit 17, and the data output from the data processing unit 15 to the encoding unit 16 outputs the electromagnetic wave. Sent to other devices.

  Here, for example, amplitude modulation (ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying)) can be adopted as a modulation method in the modulation unit 19 and the load modulation unit 20. However, the modulation method in the modulation unit 19 and the load modulation unit 20 is not limited to ASK, and PSK (Phase Shift Keying), QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) and the like can be adopted. Also, the amplitude modulation degree is not limited to a numerical value such as 8% to 30%, 50%, 100%, and a suitable one may be selected.

  The control unit 21 controls each block constituting the communication device 1. The power supply unit 22 supplies necessary power to each block constituting the communication device 1. In FIG. 4, lines indicating that the control unit 21 controls each block configuring the communication device 1 and lines indicating that the power supply unit 22 supplies power to each block configuring the communication device 1 are illustrated. Is omitted because the figure becomes complicated.

  Here, in the above-described case, the Manchester code is processed in the decoding unit 14 and the encoding unit 16, but the decoding unit 14 and the encoding unit 16 are not limited to the Manchester code, but are modified mirrors, NRZ, and the like. It is possible to select and process one of a plurality of types of codes.

  When the communication device 1 operates only as a passive mode target, the communication device 1 can be configured without providing the selection unit 17, the electromagnetic wave output unit 18, and the modulation unit 19. Furthermore, in this case, the power supply unit 22 obtains power from external electromagnetic waves received by the antenna 11, for example.

  As described above, the communication devices 1 to 3 have a configuration capable of performing communication using a plurality of communication protocols, and NFC communication performed by the configuration of FIG. It is one of. In addition to NFC, for example, ISO / IEC (International Organization for Standardization / International Electrotechnical Commission) 14443, which specifies IC card communication, and ISO / RF, which specifies RF tag (Radio Frequency Tag) communication, are included as multiple communication protocols. IEC 15693, Bluetooth, as well as WLAN and other communication protocols can be employed.

  FIG. 5 shows the correspondence between the communication protocols of the communication apparatuses 1 to 3 and the OSI hierarchical model.

  In the communication apparatuses 1 to 3, the seventh layer, the application layer (Application Layer), the sixth layer, the Presentation layer (Presentation Layer), and the fifth layer, the Session layer (Session Layer), for example, Internet applications (for example, HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol, etc.), other arbitrary applications, and the like can be employed.

  For example, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protocol), or the like can be adopted as the fourth transport layer.

  For example, IP (Internet Protocol) or the like can be adopted as the third network layer (Network Layer).

  The second data link layer (Data Link Layer) can be divided into an upper layer LLC layer (Logical Link Control Layer) and a lower layer MAC layer (Media Access Control Layer).

  In the communication apparatuses 1 to 3, NFCIP (Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol) -2 is adopted for the LLC layer. Here, NFCIP-2 is a communication protocol that is part of NFC, and can be controlled from its upper layer via SAP (Service Access Point). In NFCIP-2, information on a communication protocol that can be used by a communication partner (hereinafter, referred to as available protocol information as appropriate) is acquired via NFCIP-1 described later. Further, NFCIP-2 responds to a request from an upper layer, and through NFCIP-1, information necessary for performing communication using a communication protocol of a MAC layer (and further a physical layer) switched from NFCIP-1 The communication information is appropriately exchanged with a communication apparatus that performs communication using NFCIP-1. Then, NFCIP-2 switches (hands over) the communication protocol from NFCIP-1 to the communication protocol corresponding to the exchanged communication information in response to a request from the upper layer. Note that the communication protocol to be switched from NFCIP-1 is selected from the available communication protocols represented by the available protocol information.

  As described above, the communication apparatuses 1 to 3 can switch (handover) the communication protocol of the MAC layer (and further the physical layer) by implementing NFCIP-2.

  In the MAC layer, for example, NFCIP-1, ISO / IEC 14443-2, ISO / IEC 14443-3, ISO / IEC 14443-4, and RF tags used for IC cards are used. ISO / IEC 15693-2, Bluetooth, and also other protocols such as WLAN can be adopted. In the present embodiment, for example, it is assumed that a plurality of communication protocols including NFCIP-1 are employed in the MAC layer in the communication apparatuses 1 to 3.

  Here, NFCIP-1 is a part of the communication protocol of NFC, detects the presence or absence of the surrounding RF field, and outputs an electromagnetic wave when the RF field is not detected (it itself forms the RF field) ). Also, NFCIP-1 acquires a random ID (Identification) from the communication partner when the communication partner exists in the RF field, that is, when the communication partner is close to the communication partner. Communicate by specifying the communication partner. In other words, according to NFCIP-1, when there are a plurality of devices in the vicinity, even if the user does not perform an operation of selecting a device to be a communication partner from the plurality of devices, The device to be identified can be identified and communicated with the device.

  Specifically, for example, in a WLAN composed of a plurality of computers, when one computer exchanges data with another one computer, the WLAN is configured to be displayed on the screen in one computer. It is necessary to specify the other one computer by performing an operation for the user to select an icon representing the other computer that exchanges data from among the icons representing the plurality of computers. In this case, when there are a large number of computers constituting the WLAN, it is troublesome for the user to find an icon representing another one computer.

  On the other hand, in NFCIP-1, when a state close to a communication partner is obtained, an ID based on a random number is acquired from the communication partner, and communication is performed by specifying the communication partner using the ID. For this reason, according to NFCIP-1, a communication partner can be identified and communicated simply by bringing the communication device 1 (2 or 3) close to (close to) the device desired to be a communication partner, for example. Thus, the user does not have to perform the troublesome work described above.

  For the first physical layer, a device necessary for communication using the communication protocol employed by the communication apparatuses 1 to 3 in the MAC layer is employed. That is, for NFCIP-1, for example, ISO / IEC 22050 that defines a device dedicated to NFC communication (NFC Devices) and a cartridge memory device (Cartridge Memory device) can be employed in the physical layer. For ISO / IEC 14443-2, ISO / IEC 14443-3, and ISO / IEC 14443-4, for example, ISO / IEC 14443, which specifies compatible IC cards, is adopted for the physical layer. be able to. Furthermore, for ISO / IEC 15693-2, a device (RF Tag) dedicated to communication using an RF tag can be employed in the physical layer. As for Bluetooth, dedicated devices (Bluetooth devices) can be employed for Bluetooth communication. Furthermore, as for the communication protocol of WLAN and other MAC layers, a device dedicated to communication using the communication protocol (Other devices) can be adopted in the physical layer.

  Next, FIG. 6 shows a format of data exchanged in NFCIP-2 which is a part of NFC.

  In NFCIP-2, data is exchanged in units called NFCIP-2 PDUs (Protocol Data Units).

  The NFCIP-2 PDU has the same format as a packet exchanged by PPP (Point to Point Protocol), thereby improving the affinity between NFCIP-2 and PPP.

  NFCIP-2 PDU starts from the start mark part (Start Mark), address part (Address), control part (Control), protocol part (Protocol), NFCIP-2 header part (NFCIP-2 header), data part (Data), CRC part (CRC), and end mark part (End Mark) are sequentially arranged.

  For example, a 1-byte 7Eh (h indicates that the previous value is a hexadecimal number) as a start mark indicating the start of the NFCIP-2 PDU is arranged in the start mark portion. In the address portion, for example, 1-byte FFh is arranged as predetermined data. In the control unit, for example, 1-byte 03h is arranged as predetermined data.

  Here, in NFCIP-2, the data arranged in the above start mark part, address part, and control part is the same as in PPP.

  For example, 2-byte 0001h is arranged in the protocol part. Here, in PPP, when 0001h is arranged in the protocol part, the data arranged in the data part is regarded as meaningless, but in NFCIP-2, 0001h is arranged in the protocol part. The packet (PDU) is treated as an NFCIP-2 PDU.

  In the NFCIP-2 header portion, 6-byte header information described later with reference to FIG. 7 is arranged. Necessary data is arranged in the data part. A CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Checking) code obtained for the address part, the control part, the protocol part, the NFCIP-2 header part, and the data part is arranged in the CRC part.

  In the end mark portion, for example, 1 byte 7Eh is arranged as an end mark indicating the end of the NFCIP-2 PDU. This end mark is the same as in PPP.

  FIG. 7 shows the format of header information arranged in the NFCIP-2 header part of FIG.

  The header information is composed of 6 bytes as described above. The codes 4Eh, 46h, and 43h representing the N, F, and C characters among the NFC characters are arranged in the first, second, and third bytes from the head. In the fourth byte, a value representing the NFC version is arranged. In FIG. 7, the value representing the NFC version is 21h.

  The fifth byte is for future expansion (RFU (Reserved for Future Use)), and is 00h in FIG.

  In the sixth byte, various requests (request) and a directive code (Directive Code) representing a response to the request are arranged. That is, as described with reference to FIG. 4, in NFC, communication is performed between the initiator and the target in such a manner that the initiator transmits a request and the target returns a response to the request. In the sixth byte of the header information, a directive code that is a code representing the request or response is arranged.

  In NFCIP-2, as described above, available protocol information, which is information of a communication protocol that can be used by a communication partner, is acquired and included in the available communication protocol represented by the available protocol information. Communication information, which is information necessary for performing communication according to the protocol, is exchanged. Then, NFCIP-2 switches the communication protocol from NFCIP-1 to a communication protocol corresponding to the exchanged communication information (handover).

  As a request for usable protocol information, an available media request (AVAILABLE_MEDIA Request) is transmitted from the initiator to the target. As a response to the available media request, an available media response (AVAILABLE_MEDIA Response) is transmitted from the target to the initiator.

  Further, a media handover request (MEDIA_HANDOVER Request) is transmitted from the initiator to the target as a communication protocol switching (handover) request. As a response to the media handover request, a media handover response (MEDIA_HANDOVER Response) is transmitted from the target to the initiator.

  In the available media request, the directive code is, for example, 22h. Furthermore, when requesting information (available protocol information) of all communication protocols that can be used by the communication partner (here, the target), 01h is arranged in the data portion.

  Further, in the availability media request, when the availability of a specific communication protocol is requested from the communication partner, information representing the specific communication protocol is arranged in the data part.

  That is, FIG. 8 shows the format of the data part of the NFCIP-2 PDU when the availability of a specific communication protocol is requested to the communication partner in an available media request.

  A PDU data length (Length of PDU Data (n)) representing the data length of the data portion is arranged at the head of the data portion. After the data length, a media pack count (Media Pack Count) indicating the number of media parameter packs (Media Parameter Packs) described later is arranged. Thereafter, as many media parameter packs as the media pack count represents are arranged.

  The media parameter pack includes a media code part (Media Code) and an attribute part (Attribute) arranged in that order. In the media code part, a 1-byte media code representing a communication protocol is arranged, and in the attribute part, information relating to the communication protocol represented by the media code arranged in the media code part is arranged.

  In an available media request, for example, when requesting the availability of two communication protocols, IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 that defines WLAN and Bluetooth, the media code representing IEEE 802.11 Two media parameter packs are arranged after the media pack count, that is, a media parameter pack in which is placed and a media parameter pack in which a media code representing Bluetooth is placed.

  In the available media response that is a response to the available media request, the directive code is set to 23h, for example. Further, in the available media response, information indicating a communication protocol that can be used by itself (here, a target that is a device that has received the available media request) is arranged in the data portion.

  That is, FIG. 9 shows the format of the data part of the NFCIP-2 PDU as an available media response.

  As in the case of FIG. 8, the PDU data length (Length of PDU Data (n)) is arranged at the head of the data portion. Thereafter, a current phase, a status, and an error code are sequentially arranged. Here, the current phase represents which phase of NFCIP-2 is in a later-described phase. The status represents its current state (status), and the error code represents a code corresponding to the error when an error occurs during some processing.

  A media pack count is placed after the error code. The media pack count represents the number of media parameter packs to be subsequently placed.

  After the media pack count, for each communication protocol that can be used by itself, media parameter packs (Media Parameter Pack) representing the communication protocol are arranged in the number indicated by the media pack count. Note that the configuration of the media parameter pack in FIG. 9 is the same as that described with reference to FIG.

  The initiator that has sent the available media request receives the available media response sent by the target in response to the available media request, and refers to the media parameter pack in the available media response, so that the target can use the communication protocol. Recognize

  When the data portion of the available media request from the initiator is 01h, the target transmits an available media response having media parameter packs for all communication protocols that can be used by the target to the initiator. Also, if the data part of the available media request from the initiator is as shown in FIG. 8, is the target available for each communication protocol corresponding to the media parameter pack included in the available media request? An available media response having information indicating whether or not is transmitted to the initiator.

  In the media handover request, the directive code is set to 24h, for example. Further, information on a communication protocol to be handed over from NFCIP-1 is arranged in the data part.

  That is, FIG. 10 shows the format of the data part of the NFCIP-2 PDU as a media handover request.

  At the head of the data part, a PDU data length (Length of PDU Data (11h)) representing the data length of the data part is arranged. After the data length, a media parameter pack (Media Parameter Pack) relating to a communication protocol to be handed over from NFCIP-1 is arranged. The configuration of the media parameter pack in FIG. 10 is the same as that described with reference to FIG.

  In the media handover response that is a response to the media handover request, the directive code is, for example, 25h. Further, in the media handover response, predetermined data is arranged in the data part.

  That is, FIG. 11 shows the format of the data part of the NFCIP-2 PDU as a media handover response.

  In the data portion, a PDU data length (Length of PDU Data (04h)), a current phase (Current Phase), a status (Status), and an error code (Error Code) are sequentially arranged from the head. Since the PDU data length, current phase, status, and error code are the same as those described with reference to FIG. 9, description thereof is omitted.

  Between the initiator and the target, an available media request and an available media response are exchanged by NFCIP-1, whereby the initiator recognizes a communication protocol that can be used by the target. Furthermore, between the initiator and the target, a media handover request and a media handover response are exchanged by NFCIP-1, so that the initiator and the target communicate with each other according to a communication protocol recognized by the initiator from the communication with NFCIP-1. Hand over to After that, the initiator and the target perform communication using the communication protocol after the handover.

  Next, referring to FIG. 12, a communication phase by NFCIP-2 will be described.

  Communication by NFCIP-2 includes idle phase (Idling phase) P1, link establishment-waiting phase (Link establishment-waiting phase) P2, link establishment phase (Link establishment phase) P3, authentication phase (Authentication phase) P4, network layer protocol phase (Network layer protocol phase) P5 and a link termination phase (Link termination phase) P6.

  In communication by NFCIP-2, first, the idle phase P1, which is the initial phase, is entered. In the idle phase P1, the above-described detection of the RF field is performed.

  In the idle phase P1, for example, when there is a request for detecting a device capable of NFC communication, the process proceeds to a link establishment waiting phase P2, and detection of a device capable of NFC communication is started. The link establishment waiting phase P2 can be shifted to the idle phase P1, the link establishment phase P3, or the link termination phase P6.

  In the link establishment waiting phase P2, for example, when a device capable of NFC communication is detected, the process proceeds to the link establishment phase P3. In the link establishment phase P3, a random number ID (hereinafter referred to as NFCID as appropriate) for identifying a device as a communication partner for NFC communication is recognized, and a link with the communication partner that has recognized the NFCID is established. It should be noted that the link establishment phase P3 can be shifted to the idle phase P1, the authentication phase P4, or the link termination phase P6.

  In the link establishment phase P3, for example, when a link with a communication partner that recognizes NFCID is established, the process proceeds to the authentication phase P4. In the authentication phase P4, mutual authentication is performed with a communication partner that has recognized the NFCID. From the authentication phase P4, the process can proceed to the idle phase P1, the network layer protocol phase P5, or the link termination phase P6. Further, the authentication phase P4 can be skipped.

  In the authentication phase P4, for example, when the mutual authentication with the communication partner that recognizes the NFCID is successful, the process proceeds to the network layer protocol phase P5. In the network layer protocol phase P5, necessary data exchange (data exchange) is performed with a communication partner that has recognized the NFCID. Note that the network layer protocol phase P5 can shift to the idle phase P1 or the link termination phase P6.

  In the network layer protocol phase P5, for example, when there is a request to end communication by NFC, the process proceeds to the link termination phase P6. In the link termination phase P6, for example, the link with the communication partner that has recognized the NFCID is disconnected, and the process proceeds to the idle phase P1.

  Next, referring to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, NFCIP-1 communication is started between the initiator and the target, and thereafter, the MAC layer (and physical layer) communication protocol is changed from NFCIP-1 to another. The processing of the initiator and target when handing over to the communication protocol will be described.

  First, the initiator processing will be described with reference to FIG.

  The initiator first enters an idle state in step S1.

  Thereafter, the process proceeds from step S1 to S2, and the initiator forms an RF field, performs polling for requesting NFCID, and then proceeds to step S3. In step S3, the initiator determines whether a response to polling has been received from the target. If it is determined in step S3 that there is no response to polling, the process returns to step S2, and the same processing is repeated thereafter.

  If it is determined in step S3 that there is a response to polling, the process proceeds to step S4, where the initiator requests the NFCID for the responding target, and is transmitted from the target in response to the request. Receive NFCID. By this NFCID, the initiator specifies a target to be a communication partner.

  Thereafter, the process proceeds from step S4 to S5, and the initiator performs mutual authentication with the target specified as the communication partner, and further exchanges the transaction ID and the transaction key with the target at the time of the mutual authentication. Proceed to step S6. Note that, after exchanging the transaction ID and the transaction key, the initiator and the target encrypt the data exchanged thereafter using the transaction ID and the transaction key as the encryption key.

  In step S6, the initiator requests a communication protocol that can be used by the target from the target, and receives available protocol information of the available communication protocol that is transmitted from the target in response to the request. That is, in step S6, the initiator transmits an available media request to the target, and receives an available media response as a response to the available media request from the target. Thereby, the initiator recognizes a communication protocol that can be used by the target.

  Thereafter, the initiator selects a desired communication protocol (hereinafter referred to as a desired protocol as appropriate) from communication protocols that can be used by itself and the target, and proceeds from step S6 to step S7. In step S7, the initiator exchanges communication information necessary for communication according to the desired protocol with the target, and proceeds to step S8.

  In step S8, the initiator switches (hands over) the communication protocol of the MAC layer (and also the physical layer) from NFCIP-1 to a desired protocol. That is, in step S8, the initiator transmits a media handover request to the target, and receives a media handover response as a response to the media handover request. Then, the initiator switches the communication protocol of the MAC layer (and further the physical layer) from NFCIP-1 to a desired protocol.

  Thereafter, the process proceeds from step S8 to S9, and the initiator terminates communication by NFC. After the termination of communication by NFC, the initiator performs communication using a desired protocol based on the communication information acquired in step S7, and returns to step S1 after the communication is completed.

  Next, target processing will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  The target first enters an idle state in step S21.

  After that, for example, when receiving a poll from the initiator, the target proceeds from step S21 to S22, transmits a response to the poll to the initiator, and proceeds to step S23. In step S23, the target waits for an NFCID request from the initiator, generates a random NFCID, transmits the NFCID to the initiator, and proceeds to step S24. Here, for example, the NFCID request from the initiator includes the NFCID of the initiator, and the target specifies the initiator as the communication partner based on the NFCID.

  Thereafter, the process proceeds from step S23 to S24, and the target performs mutual authentication with the initiator identified as the communication partner by NFCID, and further exchanges the transaction ID and transaction key with the initiator during the mutual authentication. Then, the process proceeds to step S25. Note that, as described with reference to FIG. 13, the target and the initiator encrypt the data to be subsequently exchanged using the transaction ID and the transaction key as an encryption key after exchanging the transaction ID and the transaction key.

  In step S25, the target waits for a request for an available communication protocol from the initiator, and sends the available protocol information of the communication protocol available to the initiator to the initiator. That is, in step S25, the target receives an available media request from the initiator, and transmits an available media response as a response to the available media request to the initiator as available protocol information.

  Thereafter, the process proceeds from step S25 to S26, and the target exchanges communication information necessary for communication with the initiator according to the desired protocol described in FIG. 13 with the initiator, and the process proceeds to step S27.

  In step S27, the target switches (hands over) the communication protocol of the MAC layer (and further the physical layer) from NFCIP-1 to the desired protocol. That is, in step S27, the target receives a media handover request from the initiator, and transmits a media handover response as a response to the media handover request to the initiator. Then, the target switches the communication protocol of the MAC layer (and further the physical layer) from NFCIP-1 to a desired protocol.

  Thereafter, the process proceeds from step S27 to S28, and the target terminates communication by NFC. After termination of communication by NFC, the target performs communication using a desired protocol based on the communication information acquired in step S26, and returns to step S21 after the communication is completed.

  Next, for example, as shown in FIG. 15, it is assumed that the communication apparatuses 1 and 2 can perform NFC communication and Bluetooth communication (BT communication), first perform NFC communication, and then perform NFC communication. The processing of the communication devices 1 and 2 when handing over from communication to BT communication will be described.

  FIG. 15 shows a functional configuration example of the communication apparatuses 1 and 2.

  That is, in FIG. 15, the communication device 1 includes an NFC communication unit 51 and a BT communication unit 52, and the communication device 2 includes an NFC communication unit 61 and a BT communication unit 62. The NFC communication units 51 and 61 perform NFC communication, and the BT communication units 52 and 62 perform BT communication.

  FIG. 16 shows communication devices 1 and 2 in the case where communication devices 1 and 2 in FIG. 15 are used as initiators and targets, respectively, to perform communication by NFC first, and then hand over from NFC communication to BT communication. It is a flowchart explaining a process.

  First, the NFC communication unit 51 serving as an initiator performs polling in step S51, and the NFC communication unit 61 serving as a target receives the polling. In step S52, a response to the polling is sent to the NFC communication unit 51. Send to.

  When a response to polling is transmitted from the NFC communication unit 61, the NFC communication unit 51 receives the response, and requests the NFC communication unit 61 for NFCID in step S53. The NFC communication unit 61 receives the NFCID request from the NFC communication unit 51, and transmits its NFCID to the NFC communication unit 51 in response to the request in step S54. The NFC communication unit 51 receives the NFCID from the NFC communication unit 61, and thereby identifies the NFC communication unit 61 (communication device 2) that is the communication partner. Note that the NFCID request transmitted from the NFC communication unit 51 to 61 includes the NFCID of the NFC communication unit 51, and the NFC communication unit 61 uses the NFC communication unit 51 ( Identify the communication device 1).

  Thereafter, mutual authentication is performed between the NFC communication units 51 and 61 by exchanging data for mutual authentication in step S55, and at that time, a transaction ID and a transaction key are exchanged. The Thereafter, data is exchanged between the NFC communication units 51 and 61 by using the transaction ID and the transaction key as an encryption key and encrypting the data with the encryption key. As described above, the mutual authentication can be skipped (not performed).

  If the mutual authentication is successful in step S55, the process proceeds to step S56, where the NFC communication unit 51 requests the NFC communication unit 61 for available protocol information that is protocol information that can be used by the communication device 2 (available media). Request), and the NFC communication unit 61 receives the request. In step S57, the NFC communication unit 61 transmits usable protocol information (available media response), which is information on a protocol that can be used by the communication device 2, to the NFC communication unit 51 in response to a request from the NFC communication unit 51. The NFC communication unit 51 receives the usable protocol information.

  In this case, the NFC communication unit 51 recognizes from the available protocol information received from the NFC communication unit 61 that the communication device 2 can perform BT communication.

  For example, BT communication has a higher transmission rate than NFC communication, and in order to transmit large amounts of data between the communication devices 1 and 2, BT communication is better than NFC communication. Suppose that the communication apparatus 1 has decided to switch from NFC communication to BT communication.

  In this case, in step S58, communication information necessary for BT communication is exchanged between the NFC communication units 51 and 61. Here, the communication information necessary for the BT communication includes, for example, a BD (Bluetooth Device) address for specifying a communication partner in the BT communication. That is, the BT communication unit 52 of the communication device 1 and the BT communication unit 62 of the communication device 2 each have a unique BD address. In step S58, the BT communication unit is communicated to the NFC communication units 51 to 61. 52 BD addresses are transmitted, and the NFC communication unit 61 receives the BD addresses. Further, in step S58, the BD address of the BT communication unit 62 is transmitted to the NFC communication units 61 to 51, and the NFC communication unit 51 receives the BD address.

  Thereafter, in step S59, the NFC communication unit 51 transmits a switching request (media handover request) for switching from NFC communication to BT communication to the NFC communication unit 61, and the NFC communication unit 61 receives the switching request. To do. In step S60, the NFC communication unit 52 transmits a response (media handover response) to the switching request from the NFC communication unit 51 to the NFC communication unit 51, and the NFC communication unit 51 receives the response.

  Thereafter, in step S61, the communication device 1 performs switching (handover) from NFC communication performed by the NFC communication unit 51 to BT communication performed by the BT communication unit 52. Further, the communication device 2 also performs switching (handover) from the NFC communication performed by the NFC communication unit 61 to the BT communication performed by the BT communication unit 62 in step S62.

  Then, the NFC communication units 51 and 61 terminate NFC communication in step S63. Thereafter, in step S64, BT communication is performed between the BT communication units 52 and 62 based on the communication information exchanged in step S58.

  That is, the BT communication unit 52 performs BT communication by specifying the BT communication unit 62 as a communication partner based on the BD address of the BT communication unit 62 received by the NFC communication unit 51 in step S58. Similarly, the BT communication unit 62 performs BT communication by specifying the BT communication unit 52 as a communication partner based on the BD address of the BT communication unit 52 received by the NFC communication unit 61 in step S58.

  Therefore, in this case, the BT communication units 52 and 62 can specify the communication partner and perform BT communication without having the user specify the communication partner.

  That is, when there are many BT devices that are devices capable of BT communication, each BT device exchanges information with other BT devices and collects information regarding the other BT devices. In each BT device, an icon representing another BT device is displayed on the screen based on the collected information. In this case, when a user tries to transmit data from one BT device # 1 to another BT device # 2 among many BT devices, the data is displayed on the screen of the BT device # 1. In addition, it is necessary to search for the icon of the BT device # 2 from the icons of a large number of BT devices and operate the icon to designate the BT device # 2 that is a partner to which data is transmitted.

  On the other hand, according to the communication system of FIG. 1, even when there are many communication devices similar to the communication devices 1 to 3, even when trying to transmit data from the communication devices 1 to 2. By simply bringing the communication device 1 close to the communication device 2, data can be transmitted from the communication device 1 to 2.

  That is, when the communication devices 1 and 2 are in a close proximity state, it is recognized that the communication devices 1 and 2 can perform BT communication by NFC communication, and the BD address as communication information required for BT communication is obtained. Etc. are exchanged. Further, the communication devices 1 and 2 are switched from NFC communication to BT communication (handover is performed), and the communication partner is specified based on the BD address, and BT communication is performed.

  Therefore, the user can enjoy the advantages of both NFC communication and BT communication.

  That is, for example, when the BT communication has a higher transmission rate than the communication by NFC, the user simply sets the communication devices 1 and 2 close to each other by the communication by NFC. There is no need to perform work for identifying the other party, and furthermore, data can be transmitted at high speed by BT communication.

  Next, the series of processes described above can be performed by dedicated hardware or by software. When a series of processing is performed by software, a program constituting the software is installed in a general-purpose computer, a microcomputer, or the like.

  FIG. 17 shows a configuration example of an embodiment of a computer in which a program for executing the series of processes described above is installed.

  The program can be recorded in advance in a hard disk 105 or a ROM 103 as a recording medium built in the computer.

  Alternatively, the program is stored temporarily on a removable recording medium 111 such as a flexible disk, a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory), a MO (Magneto Optical) disk, a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), a magnetic disk, or a semiconductor memory. It can be stored permanently (recorded). Such a removable recording medium 111 can be provided as so-called package software.

The program is installed in the computer from the removable recording medium 111 as described above, or transferred from the download site to the computer wirelessly via a digital satellite broadcasting artificial satellite, LAN (Local Area Network), The program can be transferred to a computer via a network such as the Internet, and the computer can receive the program transferred in this way by the communication unit 108 and install it in the built-in hard disk 105.

  The computer includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 102. An input / output interface 110 is connected to the CPU 102 via the bus 101, and the CPU 102 operates an input unit 107 including a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, and the like by the user via the input / output interface 110. When a command is input as a result, the program stored in a ROM (Read Only Memory) 103 is executed accordingly. Alternatively, the CPU 102 also transfers from a program stored in the hard disk 105, a program transferred from a satellite or a network, received by the communication unit 108 and installed in the hard disk 105, or a removable recording medium 111 attached to the drive 109. The program read and installed in the hard disk 105 is loaded into a RAM (Random Access Memory) 104 and executed. Thus, the CPU 102 performs processing according to the above-described flowchart or processing performed by the configuration of the above-described block diagram. Then, the CPU 102 outputs the processing result from the output unit 106 configured with an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), a speaker, or the like, for example, via the input / output interface 110, or from the communication unit 108 as necessary. Transmission and further recording on the hard disk 105 are performed.

  Here, in this specification, the processing steps for describing a program for causing a computer to perform various types of processing do not necessarily have to be processed in time series according to the order described in the flowchart, but in parallel or individually. This includes processing to be executed (for example, parallel processing or processing by an object).

  Further, the program may be processed by a single computer, or may be processed in a distributed manner by a plurality of computers.

  Note that although the present embodiment is directed to wireless communication, the present invention can also be applied to wired communication or communication in which wireless and wired are mixed.

  Further, in the present embodiment, switching from communication by NFC to communication by another communication protocol is performed, but switching from communication by an arbitrary communication protocol to communication by another arbitrary communication protocol, that is, for example, Switching from ISO / IEC 14443-3 to Bluetooth is also possible.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the NFC communication is switched to the BT communication. However, after that, the BT communication can be switched to another communication protocol.

It is a figure which shows the structural example of one Embodiment of the communication system to which this invention is applied. It is a figure explaining passive mode. It is a figure explaining active mode. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the part which performs communication by NFC of the communication apparatuses 1 thru | or 3. It is a figure which shows the correspondence of the communication protocol of the communication apparatuses 1 thru | or 3, and an OSI hierarchical model. It is a figure which shows the format of NFCIP-2 PDU. It is a figure which shows the format of NFCIP-2 header. It is a figure which shows the format of the data part of an available media request. It is a figure which shows the format of the data part of an available media response. It is a figure which shows the format of the data part of a media handover request. It is a figure which shows the format of the data part of a media handover response. It is a figure which shows the phase of communication by NFCIP-2. It is a flowchart explaining a process of an initiator. It is a flowchart explaining the process of a target. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of communication apparatuses 1 and 2. FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating processing of communication devices 1 and 2. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of one Embodiment of the computer to which this invention is applied.

Explanation of symbols

  1 to 3 communication devices, 51 NFC communication unit, 52 BT communication unit, 61 NFC communication unit, 62 BT communication unit, 101 bus, 102 CPU, 103 ROM, 104 RAM, 105 hard disk, 106 output unit, 107 input unit, 108 Communication unit, 109 drive, 110 input / output interface, 111 removable recording medium

Claims (12)

In a communication system comprising an initiator that is a communication device that transmits a request to a communication partner, and a target that is a communication device that returns a response to the request from the initiator.
The initiator is
First initiator communication means for performing communication with the target using a first communication protocol;
Identification information acquisition means for requesting and acquiring information for identifying a communication partner of communication to the target;
Initiator exchange for exchanging an initiator transaction ID (Identification) and an initiator transaction key for the target with a target transaction ID and a target transaction key transmitted from the target with the target identified as a communication partner Means,
Protocol information acquisition means for requesting and acquiring information on a communication protocol that can be used by the target by communication using the first communication protocol;
Selection means for selecting a second communication protocol to be switched from the first communication protocol based on information of a communication protocol available to the target;
Switching request transmission means for requesting to switch communication with the target from communication with the first communication protocol to communication with the second communication protocol;
A switching response receiving means for receiving a switching response transmitted by the target in response to the switching request;
Second initiator communication means for performing communication using the second communication protocol after encrypting and exchanging the switching request and response with the target transaction key as an encryption key. And
The target is
First target communication means for performing communication with the initiator using a first communication protocol;
In response to a request for information for identifying a communication partner of communication from the initiator, identification information transmission means for transmitting an ID by a random number;
Target exchange means for exchanging a target transaction ID and a target transaction key for the initiator with the initiator, and an initiator transaction ID and an initiator transaction key transmitted from the initiator,
In response to a request for information on an available communication protocol from the initiator, a response unit that returns a response on information on the communication protocol that can be used by the target;
Switching request receiving means for receiving the switching request from the initiator;
In response to the switching request, switching response transmission means for returning the switching response;
Second target communication means for performing communication using the second communication protocol after encrypting and exchanging the switching request and response with the initiator transaction key as an encryption key. A communication system characterized by the above. The first initiator communication means ends the communication by the first communication protocol after exchanging the switching request and response with the target.
The first target communication means ends the communication using the first communication protocol after exchanging the switching request and response with the initiator.
The communication system according to claim 1. In a communication device that is an initiator that transmits a request to a communication partner,
First initiator communication means for performing communication according to a first communication protocol with a target that returns a response to the request of the initiator;
Identification information acquisition means for requesting and acquiring information for identifying a communication partner of communication to the target;
Exchange means for exchanging an initiator transaction ID (Identification) and an initiator transaction key for the target with a target transaction ID and a target transaction key transmitted from the target with the target identified as a communication partner When,
Protocol information acquisition means for requesting and acquiring information on a communication protocol that can be used by the target by communication using the first communication protocol;
Selection means for selecting a second communication protocol to be switched from the first communication protocol based on information of a communication protocol available to the target;
Switching request transmission means for requesting to switch communication with the target from communication with the first communication protocol to communication with the second communication protocol;
A switching response receiving means for receiving a switching response transmitted by the target in response to the switching request;
Second initiator communication means for performing communication using the second communication protocol after encrypting and exchanging the switching request and response with the target transaction key as an encryption key. A communication device. The first initiator communication means ends the communication using the first communication protocol after exchanging the switching request and response with the target.
The communication apparatus according to claim 3. The communication using the first and second communication protocols is wireless communication,
The first initiator communication means, when in a state of the target is close, between said another target, to claim 3, characterized in that the communication by the first communication protocol The communication device described. The communication apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein in the first communication protocol, communication is performed by specifying the target in a close state. In the communication method of the communication device as an initiator that transmits a request to the communication partner,
A first initiator communication step of performing communication according to a first communication protocol with a target that returns a response to the request of the initiator;
An identification information acquisition step of requesting and acquiring information for identifying a communication partner of communication to the target;
An exchange step of exchanging an initiator transaction ID (Identification) and an initiator transaction key for the target with a target transaction ID and a target transaction key transmitted from the target with the target identified as a communication partner When,
A protocol information acquisition step for requesting and acquiring communication protocol information available to the target by communication using the first communication protocol;
A selection step of selecting a second communication protocol to be switched from the first communication protocol based on information of a communication protocol available to the target;
A switching request transmission step for requesting to switch communication with the target from communication with the first communication protocol to communication with the second communication protocol;
A switching response receiving step for receiving a switching response transmitted by the target in response to the switching request;
A second initiator communication step of performing communication using the second communication protocol after encrypting and exchanging the switching request and response with the target transaction key as an encryption key. A communication method characterized by the above. In a program that causes a computer to function as a communication device serving as an initiator that transmits a request to a communication partner,
A first initiator communication step of performing communication according to a first communication protocol with a target that returns a response to the request of the initiator;
An identification information acquisition step of requesting and acquiring information for identifying a communication partner of communication to the target;
An exchange step of exchanging an initiator transaction ID (Identification) and an initiator transaction key for the target with a target transaction ID and a target transaction key transmitted from the target with the target identified as a communication partner When,
A protocol information acquisition step for requesting and acquiring communication protocol information available to the target by communication using the first communication protocol;
A selection step of selecting a second communication protocol to be switched from the first communication protocol based on information of a communication protocol available to the target;
A switching request transmission step for requesting to switch communication with the target from communication with the first communication protocol to communication with the second communication protocol;
A switching response receiving step for receiving a switching response transmitted by the target in response to the switching request;
A second initiator communication step of performing communication according to the second communication protocol after encrypting and exchanging the switching request and response with the target transaction key as an encryption key with the target ; and A program that causes a computer to execute. In the target communication device that returns a response to the request of the initiator that transmits the request to the communication partner,
First target communication means for performing communication with the initiator using a first communication protocol;
In response to a request for information for identifying a communication partner of communication from the initiator, identification information transmitting means for transmitting an ID (Identification) by a random number;
Exchange means for exchanging the target transaction ID and target transaction key for the initiator with the initiator, and the initiator transaction ID and initiator transaction key transmitted from the initiator,
In response to a request for information on an available communication protocol from the initiator, response means for returning a response on information on the communication protocol available to the target;
The initiator selects a second communication protocol to be switched from the first communication protocol based on information of a communication protocol that can be used by the target, and performs communication with the target by communication using the first communication protocol. Switching request receiving means for receiving a switching request transmitted by requesting switching to communication according to the second communication protocol;
A switching response transmission means for returning a switching response in response to switching the communication based on the first communication protocol to the communication based on the second communication protocol in response to the switching request;
Second target communication means for performing communication using the second communication protocol after encrypting and exchanging the switching request and response with the initiator transaction key as an encryption key. A communication device. The first target communication means ends the communication using the first communication protocol after exchanging the switching request and response with the initiator.
The communication apparatus according to claim 9. In the communication method of the target communication device that returns a response to the request of the initiator that transmits the request to the communication partner,
A first target communication step for communicating with the initiator using a first communication protocol;
In response to a request for information for identifying a communication partner of communication from the initiator, an identification information transmission step of transmitting an ID (Identification) by a random number;
An exchange step for exchanging a target transaction ID and a target transaction key for the initiator with the initiator, and an initiator transaction ID and an initiator transaction key transmitted from the initiator,
A response step of returning a response of communication protocol information usable by the target in response to a request for communication protocol information available from the initiator;
The initiator selects a second communication protocol to be switched from the first communication protocol based on information of a communication protocol that can be used by the target, and performs communication with the target by communication using the first communication protocol. A switching request receiving step for receiving a switching request transmitted by requesting switching to communication according to the second communication protocol;
A switching response transmission step for returning a switching response in response to switching the communication based on the first communication protocol to the communication based on the second communication protocol in response to the switching request;
A second target communication step of communicating with the initiator using the second communication protocol after encrypting and exchanging the switching request and response using the initiator transaction key as an encryption key. A communication method characterized by the above. In a program that causes a computer to function as a target communication device that returns a response to a request from an initiator that transmits a request to a communication partner,
A first target communication step for communicating with the initiator using a first communication protocol;
In response to a request for information for identifying a communication partner of communication from the initiator, an identification information transmission step of transmitting an ID (Identification) by a random number;
An exchange step for exchanging a target transaction ID and a target transaction key for the initiator with the initiator, and an initiator transaction ID and an initiator transaction key transmitted from the initiator,
A response step of returning a response of communication protocol information usable by the target in response to a request for communication protocol information available from the initiator;
The initiator selects a second communication protocol to be switched from the first communication protocol based on information of a communication protocol that can be used by the target, and performs communication with the target by communication using the first communication protocol. A switching request receiving step for receiving a switching request transmitted by requesting switching to communication according to the second communication protocol;
A switching response transmission step for returning a switching response in response to switching the communication based on the first communication protocol to the communication based on the second communication protocol in response to the switching request;
A second target communication step of communicating with the initiator using the second communication protocol after encrypting and exchanging the switching request and response using the initiator transaction key as an encryption key ; A program that causes a computer to execute.

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