JP4702883B2 - Transmitting apparatus, receiving apparatus, MIMO-OFDM communication system, and IQ imbalance compensation method in MIMO-OFDM communication system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a transmitter, a receiver , a MIMO-OFDM communication system, and a MIMO- for compensating IQ imbalance caused by hardware imperfections included in both transmitter and receiver in a MIMO-OFDM communication system. The present invention relates to an IQ imbalance compensation method in an OFDM communication system.

  In recent years, a MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) communication system capable of increasing frequency use efficiency in wireless communication has been actively researched, and its greatest attraction is reduction in error rate and increase in transmission capacity. In particular, a MIMO-OFDM (Multi-Input Multi-Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) communication system is a communication method that has received the most attention as a next-generation large-capacity wireless communication system.

  However, in this MIMO-OFDM communication system, most of the researches are related to communication methods and signal processing methods, and there are currently few studies on MIMO-OFDM transceivers.

In particular, as a factor that degrades the characteristics of the MIMO-OFDM communication system, imperfection of RF hardware can be cited, and specifically, IQ imbalance, interchannel deviation, phase noise, and the like can be cited. The IQ imbalance (I / Q Imbalance: In-phase and Quadrature Imbalance) is I / Q channel interference caused by the gain imbalance of the I / Q channel of the quadrature modulator / demodulator and the orthogonality error.
Co-authored by Y.lamurto and M.Tommi, "Frequency Domain IQ Imbalance Correction Scheme for OFDM Systems", IMPL. IEEE Wireless Communicator In Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, p.16-20, March 2003 Co-authored by VKPMa and Y.lamurto, "Analysis of IQ imbalance on initial frequency offset estimation in direct" downconversionreceivers) ”, In Proc. Third Workshop on Signal Proc. Advances in Wireless Communication, p.158-161, March 2001 A. Baier, "Quadraturemixer imbalances in digital TDMA mobile radio receivers," In Proc. International Zurich Seminar on Digital Communications, Electronic Circuit In Proc. International Zurich Seminaron Digital Communications, Electronic Circuits and Systems for Communications, p.147-162, March 1990 CL Liu, “Impacts of I / Q imbalance on QPSK-OFDM-QAM detection”, IEEE Trans. On Consumer Electronics (IEEETrans on Consumer Electronics), 44, 3, 984-989, August 1998 Hiroyuki Kamada, Kei Sakaguchi, and Junmichi Araki, “Study on characteristic degradation of MIMO communication system due to imperfection of RF system”, Shingaku Sodai, B-5-26, September 2004 Sakaguchi Kei, Tin Shiho, Araki Junmichi, "Construction of MIMO Eigenmode Communication System and Measurement Experiment Results", IEICE Theory (B), Vol.9, No.9, pp.1454-1466. September 2004 H. Shafiee and S. Fouladifard, “Calibration of IQ imbalance in OFDM transceivers”, Proc. 2003 ICC (proc. 2003 ICC), Volume 3, p. 2081-2085, May 2003 Co-authored by Jian Lin and E. Tsui, “Joint adaptive transmitter / receiver IQimbalance correction for OFDM systems”, Proc. 2004 IEEE PIMRC ( proc. 2004 IEEEPIMRC), Volume 2, p. 1511-1516, September 2004

  Until now, in an OFDM communication system, for example, as shown in Non-Patent Document 1 to Non-Patent Document 4, interference between upper and lower sideband subcarriers has occurred due to the influence of IQ imbalance, resulting in degradation of characteristics. There was a problem to do. For example, as shown in Non-Patent Document 5 and Non-Patent Document 6, there is a problem in the MIMO communication system that interference between streams occurs due to IQ imbalance and the characteristics are greatly degraded.

  Therefore, in the MIMO-OFDM communication system, inter-stream interference due to the influence of IQ imbalance and inter-subcarrier interference in the upper and lower sidebands occur at the same time, causing a problem that the characteristics are significantly degraded.

  However, the IQ imbalance compensation method in the OFDM communication system is, for example, a method of estimating / compensating using a pilot signal as shown in Non-Patent Document 7, or an IQ imbalance as shown in Non-Patent Document 8. Various methods have been proposed, such as a method of inserting an equalizer, but a compensation method for compensating IQ imbalance caused by hardware imperfection has not been studied for a MIMO-OFDM communication system.

The present invention has been made under the circumstances as described above, and an object of the present invention is to eliminate the hardware included in both the transmitter and the receiver in order to make the best use of the characteristics of the MIMO-OFDM communication system. An object of the present invention is to provide a transmitter, a receiver , a MIMO-OFDM communication system, and an IQ imbalance compensation method in a MIMO-OFDM communication system that can compensate for IQ imbalance caused by integrity.

ただし、

はＯＦＤＭのためのトレーニング信号行列で、

はＭＩＭＯのためのトレーニング信号行列で、

はＭＩＭＯ−ＯＦＤＭのためのトレーニング信号行列であり、

はクロネッカ積であり、また、hadamard(４)は、４次の直交アダマール行列を表し、hadamard(ｍ_ｔ)は、ｍ_ｔ次の直交アダマール行列を表し、前記拡張チャネル行列は、次の数式によって推定され、

ただし、

は

に対応する受信信号行列で、

は

の一般逆行列であることにより、或いは、前記受信処理方法として、ＺＦといった受信処理方法を用い、前記拡張チャネル行列を用いたＺＦ受信処理では、次の数式に基づいて受信処理を行い、

ただし、

は

の一般逆行列であり、

は送信信号の推定値であることにより、或いは、前記受信処理方法として、ＭＬＤといった受信処理方法を用い、前記拡張チャネル行列を用いたＭＬＤ受信処理では、次の数式に基づいて受信処理を行い、

ただし、

は前記拡張チャネル行列であり、

は送信信号の推定値であることによって効果的に達成される。 The present invention is applied to a MIMO-OFDM communication system, and relates to an IQ imbalance compensation method in a MIMO-OFDM communication system for compensating IQ imbalance caused by hardware imperfections included in both transmitter and receiver. The first object of the present invention is to transmit, on the transmitter side, a training signal capable of estimating a channel response including the influence of the IQ imbalance, and to transmit the training signal transmitted on the receiver side. A second step of estimating an extended channel matrix including the influence of the IQ imbalance based on a training signal, and an extension channel matrix estimated in the second step, based on the extended channel matrix of the MIMO-OFDM communication system A third method for realizing compensation of the IQ imbalance by performing reception processing by a reception processing method. By a step, or, as the training signal, using an orthogonal Hadamard matrix expressed by the following equation,

However,

Is the training signal matrix for OFDM,

Is a training signal matrix for MIMO,

Is a training signal matrix for MIMO-OFDM,

Is Kronecker product, also, hadamard (4) represents a fourth-order orthogonal Hadamard matrix, hadamard (m _t) denotes the m _t following the orthogonal Hadamard matrix, the extended channel matrix, by the following formula Estimated

However,

Is

Is a received signal matrix corresponding to

Is

Or a reception processing method such as ZF as the reception processing method, and the ZF reception processing using the extended channel matrix performs reception processing based on the following formula:

However,

Is

Is a general inverse matrix of

Is an estimated value of a transmission signal, or, as the reception processing method, a reception processing method such as MLD is used. In the MLD reception processing using the extended channel matrix, reception processing is performed based on the following equation:

However,

Is the extended channel matrix;

Is effectively achieved by being an estimate of the transmitted signal.

ただし、hadamard(ｍ_ｔ)は、ｍ_ｔ次の直交アダマール行列を表し、

は、前記トレーニング信号を用いてチャネル推定を行ったときの推定誤差が小さくなる系列を適用することによってより一層効果的に達成される。 Further, the above object of the present invention is to transmit a training signal capable of estimating a channel response including the influence of the IQ imbalance on the time axis on the transmitter side, and transmitted on the receiver side. Based on the training signal, the step 2 for estimating the channel on the time axis, the step 3 for converting the channel response on the time axis to the extended channel matrix on the frequency axis, and the step 3 Step 4 for realizing compensation of the IQ imbalance by performing reception processing in the reception processing method of the MIMO-OFDM communication system based on the extended channel matrix, or the training signal is ( B) Orthogonality between IQ channels, (b) Orthogonality between streams, (c) A sequence with a small estimation error, etc. One of the condition is satisfied, or number of transmitting antennas of the MIMO-OFDM communication system in m _t, if the total number of subcarriers included in OFDM symbols of L _s, the training signal is defined by the following formula

However, hadamard _{(m t)} represents the _{m t} following the orthogonal Hadamard matrix,

Is more effectively achieved by applying a sequence that reduces the estimation error when channel estimation is performed using the training signal.

  If the IQ imbalance compensation method in the MIMO-OFDM communication system according to the present invention is applied to the MIMO-OFDM communication system, the influence of IQ imbalance due to hardware imperfections included in both transmitter and receiver is completely eliminated. This provides an excellent effect that the characteristics of the MIMO-OFDM communication system including the error rate characteristics can be greatly improved.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

  The IQ imbalance compensation method in the MIMO-OFDM communication system according to the present invention is a compensation that can compensate for IQ imbalance caused by hardware imperfections in order to make the best use of the characteristics of the MIMO-OFDM communication system. Is the method.

More specifically, as a point of view of the present invention, in the MIMO-OFDM communication system, in order to completely remove the influence of IQ imbalance due to hardware imperfection included in both transmitter and receiver, A configuration of a training signal is proposed, and a compensation algorithm (compensation method) for realizing IQ imbalance compensation is proposed based on the proposed training signal.

<Embodiment 1> Embodiment of the present invention based on frequency axis estimation First, an IQ imbalance compensation method in a MIMO-OFDM communication system according to the present invention based on frequency axis estimation (hereinafter simply referred to as the present invention based on frequency axis estimation). Embodiments or the present invention (also called frequency axis estimation) will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a receiver to which the present invention (frequency axis estimation) is applied in a MIMO-OFDM communication system.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a receiver to which the present invention (frequency axis estimation) is applied includes an “extended channel matrix estimator” that estimates an extended channel matrix including the influence of IQ imbalance, and an influence of IQ imbalance. And an “extended reception processor (that is, an extended MIMO processor)” that realizes demodulation in consideration of the above.

Here, a model of “m _t × m _r MIMO-OFDM communication system taking into account the influence of IQ imbalance of a transceiver” to which the present invention is applied (hereinafter simply referred to as a MIMO-OFDM communication system model or a MIMO- FIG. 2 shows an OFDM communication system.

  In the present invention (frequency axis estimation), IQ imbalance compensation is realized by using the fact that the input signal and output signal in the MIMO-OFDM communication system model of FIG. I am doing so.

ここで、

は第±ｋサブキャリアのＩ−ｃｈ、Ｑ−ｃｈを独立に表現した送信信号ベクトルで、

は第±ｋサブキャリアのＩ−ｃｈ、Ｑ−ｃｈを独立に表現した受信信号ベクトルで、

はＩＱインバランスの影響を含んだ第±ｋサブキャリアの拡張チャネル行列である。以下、この

を単に「拡張チャネル行列」とも称する。また、

は第±ｋサブキャリアにおける加法性雑音ベクトルである。

here,

Is a transmission signal vector that independently represents I-ch and Q-ch of the ± kth subcarriers,

Is a received signal vector that independently represents I-ch and Q-ch of the ± kth subcarriers,

Is an extended channel matrix of ± kth subcarrier including the influence of IQ imbalance. Hereafter, this

Is also simply referred to as an “extended channel matrix”. Also,

Is an additive noise vector in the ± kth subcarrier.

を学習することにより、ＩＱインバランスの補償を行うようにしている。 In the present invention, in an MIMO-OFDM communication system, an extended channel matrix is used.

By learning this, IQ imbalance is compensated.

  Hereinafter, in the present invention, a training signal capable of estimating a channel response including the influence of IQ imbalance, an estimation method of an extended channel matrix, and a reception process using the extended channel matrix will be described in detail.

の次元は４ｍ_ｒ×４ｍ_ｔであるため、この拡張チャネル行列を学習するためには、少なくとも階数４ｍ_ｔのトレーニング信号を用いる必要がある。例えば、下記数２、数３及び数４に示すように、直交アダマール行列をトレーニング信号として用いることで、拡張チャネル行列を学習することができる。 First, in the present invention, an extended channel matrix

The dimensions for a 4m _r × 4m _t, in order to learn the extended channel matrix, it is necessary to use a training signal of at least rank 4m _t. For example, as shown in the following equations 2, 3, and 4, the extended channel matrix can be learned by using the orthogonal Hadamard matrix as a training signal.

ただし、

はＯＦＤＭのためのトレーニング信号行列で、

はＭＩＭＯのためのトレーニング信号行列で、

はＭＩＭＯ−ＯＦＤＭのためのトレーニング信号行列であり、

はクロネッカ積である。また、hadamard(４)は、４次の直交アダマール行列を表し、hadamard(ｍ_ｔ)は、ｍ_ｔ次の直交アダマール行列を表す。

However,

Is the training signal matrix for OFDM,

Is a training signal matrix for MIMO,

Is a training signal matrix for MIMO-OFDM,

Is the Kronecker product. Further, hadamard (4) represents a fourth-order orthogonal Hadamard matrix, hadamard (m _t) represents the m _t following the orthogonal Hadamard matrix.

の推定方法について述べる。

に対応する受信信号行列を

とすると、下記数５により、拡張チャネル行列を最小二乗法で推定することができる。 Next, the extended channel matrix

The estimation method is described.

The received signal matrix corresponding to

Then, the extended channel matrix can be estimated by the least square method according to the following equation (5).

ただし、

は

の一般逆行列である。

However,

Is

Is the general inverse of

  Finally, reception processing using an extended channel matrix will be described.

  In the present invention, a reception processing method (for example, reception processing techniques such as ZF, MMSE, MLD, etc.) of the MIMO-OFDM communication system is performed on the signals of the ± k subcarriers of each receiver using an extended channel matrix, Compensation for IQ imbalance is realized.

  Here, as a specific example, extended reception processing using reception processing methods such as ZF and MLD is shown in the present invention.

を用いたＺＦ受信処理は、下記数６で表すことができる。 First, the extended channel matrix

The ZF reception processing using the can be expressed by the following formula 6.

ここで、

は

の一般逆行列である。

here,

Is

Is the general inverse of

の推定を行うことができる。 That is, in the ZF reception process using the extended channel matrix, the transmission signal is obtained by performing general inverse matrix calculation using the extended channel matrix.

Can be estimated.

を用いたＭＬＤ受信処理は、下記数７で表すことができる。 Next, the extended channel matrix

The MLD reception process using can be expressed by the following equation (7).

つまり、拡張チャネル行列を用いたＭＬＤ受信処理では、拡張チャネル行列を用いて２×ｍ_ｔ個の送信信号に対するレプリカ信号を生成し、尤度情報を元に送信信号

の推定を行うことができる。

That is, in the MLD reception processing using the extended channel matrix, using the extended channel matrix to generate a replica signal for the 2 × m _t number of transmission signal, the transmission signal based on the likelihood information

Can be estimated.

In summary, in the MIMO-OFDM communication system to which the present invention (frequency axis estimation) is applied, the reception process is performed by compensating for IQ imbalance along the following Step 1, Step 2, and Step 3. Yes.
Step 1:
On the transmitter side, the “training signal” proposed in the present invention is transmitted. Preferably, orthogonal Hadamard matrices shown in Equations 2, 3, and 4 are used as training signals.
Step 2:
The extended channel matrix estimator estimates an extended channel matrix including the influence of IQ imbalance based on Equation 5.
Step 3:
The extended reception processor (that is, the extended MIMO processor) realizes reception processing taking into account the influence of IQ imbalance, that is, based on the extended channel matrix estimated in step 2, the MIMO-OFDM communication system. The IQ imbalance compensation is realized by performing the reception process with the reception process method. As a specific example, in ZF reception processing using an extended channel matrix, reception processing is performed based on Equation 6. In the MLD reception process using the extended channel matrix, the reception process is performed based on Equation 7.

  In order to confirm the effect of the present invention (frequency axis estimation) described above, a conventional method in which QPSK modulation is performed in a 4 × 4 MIMO-OFDM communication system and no IQ imbalance compensation is performed in the receiver, and the present invention (frequency axis estimation). ) To perform reception processing.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reception constellation when reception processing is performed using a conventional method without IQ imbalance compensation. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reception constellation when reception processing is performed using the present invention (frequency axis estimation).

  From FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the constellation spreads due to the influence of interference in the conventional method without IQ imbalance compensation, whereas in the present invention (frequency axis estimation), the spread of the constellation is suppressed. I can see that

  In addition, for the conventional method without IQ imbalance compensation and the present invention (frequency axis estimation), a computer simulation was performed to evaluate the error rate characteristics. The parameters used for the computer simulation are summarized in Table 1 below.

計算機シミュレーションの結果を図５に示す。つまり、図５は、ＩＱインバランス補償無しの従来方法と、本発明（周波数軸推定）をそれぞれ適用した場合の誤り率特性を示す図である。図５から分かるように、ＩＱインバランス補償無しの従来方法では、干渉の影響により誤り率特性が飽和してしまっていたが、本発明（周波数軸推定）では、誤り率特性が改善されている。

＜実施例２＞時間軸推定に基づく本発明の実施例
次に、時間軸推定に基づく本発明に係るＭＩＭＯ−ＯＦＤＭ通信システムにおけるＩＱインバランス補償方法（以下、単に、時間軸推定に基づく本発明の実施例、或いは、本発明（時間軸推定）とも称する）について説明する。

The result of the computer simulation is shown in FIG. That is, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing error rate characteristics when the conventional method without IQ imbalance compensation and the present invention (frequency axis estimation) are applied. As can be seen from FIG. 5, in the conventional method without IQ imbalance compensation, the error rate characteristic was saturated due to the influence of interference, but in the present invention (frequency axis estimation), the error rate characteristic is improved. .

<Embodiment 2> Embodiment of the present invention based on time axis estimation Next, an IQ imbalance compensation method in a MIMO-OFDM communication system according to the present invention based on time axis estimation (hereinafter simply referred to as the present invention based on time axis estimation). Or the present invention (time axis estimation)).

  The present invention (time axis estimation) realizes IQ imbalance compensation with a shorter training signal length than the training signal of the first embodiment by performing channel estimation on the time axis. The training signal used in the present invention (time axis estimation) is a “training signal” capable of estimating a channel response including the influence of IQ imbalance on the time axis.

  FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a receiver to which the present invention (time axis estimation) is applied in a MIMO-OFDM communication system.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the receiver to which the present invention (time axis estimation) is applied includes a “time axis channel estimator” that estimates a channel on the time axis, and a frequency response from a channel response on the time axis. An “extended channel matrix estimator” for converting to an extended channel matrix and an “enhanced reception processor (that is, an extended MIMO processor)” that realizes demodulation taking into account the influence of IQ imbalance are provided.

  First, a method for estimating an extended channel matrix in the present invention (time axis estimation) will be described.

  That is, the extended channel matrix is estimated as follows based on the channel on the time axis estimated by the time axis channel estimator.

を下記数８、数９によって表現する。 First, in a MIMO-OFDM communication system, a received signal vector on the time axis at the m-th receiving antenna.

Is expressed by the following equations 8 and 9.

ここで、添え字ｉは信号の実数成分を、添え字ｑは信号の虚数成分をそれぞれ表している。また、１ＯＦＤＭシンボルのＦＦＴポイント数をＬとしている。

Here, the suffix i represents the real component of the signal, and the suffix q represents the imaginary component of the signal. Further, the number of FFT points of one OFDM symbol is L.

を下記数１０、数１１によって表現する。 And the transmission signal vector on the time axis in the nth transmission antenna

Is expressed by the following equations 10 and 11.

ここでも、添え字ｉは信号の実数成分を、添え字ｑは信号の虚数成分をそれぞれ表している。また、１ＯＦＤＭシンボルのＦＦＴポイント数をＬとしている。

Again, the subscript i represents the real component of the signal, and the subscript q represents the imaginary component of the signal. Further, the number of FFT points of one OFDM symbol is L.

タップ遅延のパスを通った信号のベクトルを下記数１２で表すことにする。 Next, it is transmitted from the nth transmitting antenna and

The vector of the signal passing through the tap delay path is expressed by the following equation (12).

ここで、サイクリックプリフィックスの挿入により、

の関係が成り立っている。ただし、Ｌ_ＧＩはガードインターバルポイント数である。

Here, by inserting a cyclic prefix,

The relationship is established. However, _LGI is the number of guard interval points.

タップ遅延のチャネルの状態を

と表現すると、送受信信号の関係は、下記数１３及び数１４のように書き表すことができる。 N-th transmitting antenna to m-th receiving antenna

The channel state of the tap delay

In other words, the relationship between transmission and reception signals can be expressed as in the following equations 13 and 14.

ここで、添え字iiはi-ch→i-ch、添え字iqはq-ch→i-ch、添え字qiはi-ch→q-ch、添え字qqはq-ch→q-chへのチャネル応答であることを示している。また、ｍ_ｔは送信アンテナ本数で、

は最大遅延のタップ数を表している。

Where subscript ii is i-ch → i-ch, subscript iq is q-ch → i-ch, subscript qi is i-ch → q-ch, subscript qq is q-ch → q-ch It is a channel response to. _Mt is the number of transmitting antennas,

Represents the number of taps with the maximum delay.

とチャネルを表すベクトル

を定義する。 Here, as shown in the following equations 15, 16, 17, and 18, a matrix representing a transmission signal

And channel vector

Define

上記定義を用いて、数１３を下記数１９に書き直すことができる。

Using the above definition, Equation 13 can be rewritten as Equation 19 below.

以上より、時間軸におけるチャネルは、下記数２０に基づいて求めることができる。即ち、図６の時間軸チャネル推定器では、この数２０に基づいて時間軸上のチャネルを求めるようにしている。

From the above, the channel on the time axis can be obtained based on the following equation (20). That is, in the time axis channel estimator of FIG. 6, the channel on the time axis is obtained based on this equation (20).

ただし、

は

の一般逆行列である。

However,

Is

Is the general inverse of

内のサブマトリックス

より、周波数軸上の拡張チャネル行列を生成する手順を示す。 Here, with reference to FIG. 6, it was obtained by Expression 20 representing channel estimation on the time axis.

Sub-matrix in

Thus, a procedure for generating an extended channel matrix on the frequency axis will be described.

の第

要素は、下記数２１に書き表すことができる。 First, a matrix representing FFT

The first

The element can be written in Equation 21 below.

また、実数空間上で表したＦＦＴを表す行列

の第

サブマトリックス

は、下記数２２に書き表すことができる。

Also, a matrix representing FFT expressed in real space

The first

Submatrix

Can be written in the following Equation 22.

さらに、±ｋ番目のサブキャリアに対するフーリエ変換を表す行列は、

より第ｋサブ行及び第Ｌ−ｋサブ行を抜き出すことで、下記数２３で表すことができる。

Furthermore, the matrix representing the Fourier transform for the ± kth subcarrier is

Further, by extracting the k-th sub-row and the L-k-th sub-row, the following Expression 23 can be used.

次に、図６に示されるように、時間軸上のチャネル行列のＦＦＴを行う。まず、ＦＦＴポイント数

まで

に対して０パッドを行う。

Next, as shown in FIG. 6, FFT of the channel matrix on the time axis is performed. First, the number of FFT points

Until

Perform 0 pad to.

ここで、

は第

タップ遅延のチャネルの状態を表す行列である。

here,

Is the first

It is a matrix showing the channel state of tap delay.

  The channel response to the transmission signal at time x can be written as

ただし、サイクリックプリフィックスの挿入を考慮すると、

が成り立っている。

However, considering the insertion of a cyclic prefix,

Is true.

として、表現することができる。 The channel response for all transmission times is a circulant matrix expressed by Equation 26 below.

Can be expressed as:

上記の数式を用いて、±ｋサブキャリア間干渉の影響を含んだ周波数軸のチャネル行列は、下記数２７で表される。

Using the above equation, the channel matrix on the frequency axis including the influence of ± k intersubcarrier interference is expressed by the following equation (27).

さらに、数２７で表すチャネル行列をｍ_ｔ×ｍ_ｒのＭＩＭＯ−ＯＦＤＭ通信システムに拡張した場合のストリーム間干渉の影響を考慮に入れた拡張チャネル行列は、下記数２８で表すことができる。

Further, an extended channel matrix taking into account the influence of inter-stream interference when the channel matrix represented by Equation 27 is expanded to an m _t × m _r MIMO-OFDM communication system can be represented by Equation 28 below.

以上に述べた手順により、時間軸におけるチャネル推定により、周波数軸上の拡張チャネル行列の推定を行うことができる。

By the procedure described above, it is possible to estimate the extended channel matrix on the frequency axis by channel estimation on the time axis.

By the way, in the present invention (time axis estimation), in order to obtain a channel response including the influence of IQ imbalance on the time axis, the training signal must satisfy the following conditions (A), (B), and (C). There is.
(B) Orthogonality between IQ channels (b) Orthogonality between streams (c) Small sequence of estimation error In the following (time axis estimation) of the present invention (time axis estimation), the conditions (i), (b), (c) An example of a training signal that satisfies is shown.

のイメージを説明するための模式図である。 In the MIMO-OFDM communication system with the number of transmitting antennas mt, when the total number of subcarriers included in the OFDM symbol is L _s , the present invention (time axis estimation) is used by using the training signal shown in the following _equation 29 on the frequency axis. Can be obtained. FIG. 7 shows the frequency axis training signal shown in Equation 29.

It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the image.

数２９で表すトレーニング信号を周波数軸においてＢＰＳＫ信号とすることで、時間軸におけるＩＱチャネル間のトレーニング信号の直交性を確保する。そして、数２９で表すトレーニング信号をアダマール直交行列で拡散することで、ストリーム間のトレーニング信号の直交性を確保している。また、

は、数２９で表すトレーニング信号を用いてチャネル推定を行ったときの推定誤差が小さくなる系列を適用する。

By using the training signal represented by Equation 29 as a BPSK signal on the frequency axis, the orthogonality of the training signal between IQ channels on the time axis is ensured. And the orthogonality of the training signal between streams is ensured by spreading | difening the training signal represented by Numerical formula 29 by a Hadamard orthogonal matrix. Also,

Applies a sequence in which an estimation error is small when channel estimation is performed using the training signal represented by Equation 29.

  In order to confirm the effect of the present invention (time axis estimation) described above, the error rate characteristics are calculated with respect to the conventional method without IQ imbalance compensation, the present invention (frequency axis estimation), and the present invention (time axis estimation). A simulation was performed for evaluation. The parameters used for the computer simulation are shown in Table 2 below.

計算機シミュレーションの結果を図８に示す。つまり、図８は、ＩＱインバランス補償無しの従来方法と、本発明（周波数軸推定）、本発明（時間軸推定）をそれぞれ適用した場合の誤り率特性を示す図である。

The result of the computer simulation is shown in FIG. That is, FIG. 8 is a diagram showing error rate characteristics when the conventional method without IQ imbalance compensation, the present invention (frequency axis estimation), and the present invention (time axis estimation) are applied.

  As can be seen from FIG. 8, when the present invention is applied, the error rate characteristics are greatly improved as compared with the case where the conventional method without IQ imbalance compensation is applied. In addition, it can be seen from FIG. 8 that the effect of channel estimation error reduction by time axis estimation can be obtained compared to extended channel estimation on the frequency axis, and in particular, the error rate characteristic is greatly improved in MLD reception processing. I understand.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the receiver to which the IQ imbalance compensation method in the MIMO-OFDM communication system based on this invention based on frequency-axis estimation is applied. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the MIMO-OFDM communication system IQ imbalance model used in this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the reception constellation at the time of performing a reception process using the conventional method without IQ imbalance compensation. It is a figure which shows an example of the reception constellation at the time of performing a receiving process using the IQ imbalance compensation method in the MIMO-OFDM communication system based on this invention based on frequency-axis estimation. It is a figure which shows the error rate characteristic at the time of applying the IQ imbalance compensation method in the MIMO-OFDM communication system based on the frequency axis estimation and the conventional method without IQ imbalance compensation according to the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the receiver to which the IQ imbalance compensation method in the MIMO-OFDM communication system based on this invention based on time-axis estimation is applied. In this invention (time-axis estimation), it is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the image of one Example of a frequency-axis training signal. It is a figure which shows the error rate characteristic at the time of applying the conventional method without IQ imbalance compensation, this invention (frequency axis estimation), and this invention (time-axis estimation), respectively.

Claims (12)

A transmission apparatus in a MIMO-OFDM communication system,
A receiving device that receives a signal transmitted by the transmitting device transmits a training signal capable of estimating a channel response including IQ imbalance between the transmitting device and the receiving device ;
The training signal includes a training signal for OFDM and a training signal for MIMO as constituent elements,
The OFDM training signal is a training signal capable of estimating a channel response matrix including the effect of interference between subcarriers in the upper and lower sidebands due to the effect of IQ imbalance,
The MIMO training signal is a training signal capable of estimating a channel response matrix including the effect of inter-stream interference caused by IQ imbalance . The training signal is
The transmission apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the transmission apparatus is configured by a matrix composed of [floor 4 × number of transmission antennas]. The training signal is
The transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmission apparatuses are arranged so as to be orthogonal between streams. The training signal is
The transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmission apparatus is a signal based on an orthogonal matrix. The training signal is
2. The transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein three conditions are satisfied: (b) orthogonality between IQ channels, (b) orthogonality between streams, and (c) a sequence having a small estimation error. Wherein in MIMO-OFDM transmission antenna number of the communication system _{m t,} if the total number of subcarriers included in OFDM symbols of _{L s,} the training signal is defined by the following formula

However, haadmard _{(m t)} represents the _{m t} following the orthogonal Hadamard matrix,

The transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a sequence that reduces an estimation error when channel estimation is performed using the training signal is applied. As the training signal, using an orthogonal Hadamard matrix represented by the following formula,

However,

Is the training signal matrix for OFDM,

Is a training signal matrix for MIMO,

Is a training signal matrix for MIMO-OFDM,

Is a Kronecker product, and hadamard (4) represents a fourth-order orthogonal Hadamard matrix, hadamard (mt) represents an mt-order orthogonal Hadamard matrix,
The channel response matrix is estimated by the following equation:

However,

Is

Is a received signal matrix corresponding to

Is

The transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmission apparatus is a general inverse matrix. An expansion channel matrix estimator for the effects of IQ-between affected by the interference between the upper and lower sidebands subcarrier stream balance interference estimating the including extended channel response,
An extended reception processing unit that performs MIMO-OFDM reception processing using the extended channel response;
A receiving apparatus comprising: A MIMO-OFDM communication system comprising a transmission device and a reception device,
The transmitter is
  Send a training signal that can estimate the channel response including the effects of upper and lower sideband inter-carrier interference and inter-stream interference due to IQ imbalance,
The receiving device is:
  An extended channel matrix estimator for estimating an extended channel matrix including the influence of IQ imbalance based on the transmitted training signal;
An extended reception processing unit that performs reception processing in the reception processing method of the MIMO-OFDM communication system based on the extended channel matrix estimated by the extended channel matrix estimation unit;
A MIMO-OFDM communication system comprising: A MIMO-OFDM communication system comprising a transmission device and a reception device,
The transmitter is
  A training signal capable of estimating the channel response including the effects of the inter-subcarrier interference between the upper and lower sidebands due to the influence of IQ imbalance on the time axis is transmitted,
The receiving device is:
  A time axis channel estimation unit that estimates a channel on the time axis based on the transmitted training signal;
An extended channel matrix estimator for obtaining an extended channel matrix on the frequency axis including the effects of upper and lower sideband inter-subcarrier interference and inter-stream interference caused by IQ imbalance from the channel response on the time axis;
An extended reception processing unit that performs reception processing in the reception processing method of the MIMO-OFDM communication system based on the extended channel matrix;
A MIMO-OFDM communication system comprising: An IQ imbalance compensation method in a MIMO-OFDM communication system, which is applied to a MIMO-OFDM communication system and compensates for IQ imbalance caused by hardware imperfections included in both transmitter and receiver devices,
In the transmission device side, a first step of transmitting the estimated available training signal channel response including the effects of I Q imbalance,
In the receiving apparatus, based on the training signal transmitted, a second step of estimating the extended channel matrix that contains the influence of the upper and lower inter-sideband subcarrier interference and inter-stream interference caused by the influence of I Q imbalance When,
Based on the estimated expanded channel matrix in the second step, by performing reception processing in the reception processing method of the MIMO-OFDM communication system, a third step of implementing the compensation of I Q imbalance,
An IQ imbalance compensation method in a MIMO-OFDM communication system, comprising: An IQ imbalance compensation method in a MIMO-OFDM communication system, which is applied to a MIMO-OFDM communication system and compensates for IQ imbalance caused by hardware imperfections included in both transmitter and receiver devices,
In the transmission device side, a first step of transmitting the estimated available training signal channel response including the effects of I Q imbalance Te time axis odor,
Based on the transmitted training signal, the receiving apparatus side estimates a channel on the time axis including the effects of upper and lower sideband inter-subcarrier interference due to IQ imbalance and inter-stream interference . And the steps
A third step of converting the channel response on the time axis into an extended channel matrix on the frequency axis;
Based on the converted extended channel matrix in the third step, by performing reception processing in the reception processing method of the MIMO-OFDM communication system, a fourth step of realizing the compensation of I Q imbalance,
An IQ imbalance compensation method in a MIMO-OFDM communication system, comprising:

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