JP4697884B2 - Excavator and expansion method of expansion / contraction blade - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a drilling rig having expansion / contraction blades to be expanded / contracted.

In a conventional excavator, for example, as described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-317867 (Patent Document 1), the expansion and contraction blades are expanded and contracted by the rotation of the auger and the earth pressure accompanying this rotation. However, even if the auger is rotated, the expansion / contraction blades do not always operate normally and expand / contract. For example, when the expansion / contraction blade is rotated from the contraction position to the expansion position, the tip of the expansion / contraction blade does not get caught in the ground and rotates while licking the inner surface of the hole excavated in advance, and the expansion / contraction blade may not be displaced. . Further, when the expansion / contraction blade is moved from the expansion position to the contraction position, stones or earth and sand are fitted between the expansion / contraction blade and the auger body, and the expansion / contraction blade may not be displaced.
JP-A-10-317867

  The problem to be solved is that when the expansion / contraction blades are expanded / contracted due to the rotation of the auger and the earth pressure accompanying this rotation, the expansion / contraction may not be performed smoothly.

  The excavation apparatus of the present invention is provided with an excavation head (6) at the lower end of an auger (4), an enlarged position opened outwardly above the excavation head, and a reduced position contracted more than the enlarged position. Expanding / contracting blades (7) for expanding / contracting between the two are provided. The auger is provided with a fluid supply channel (11) for discharging fluid from the discharge port (33). The discharge direction of the discharge port faces the expansion / contraction blades at the contracted position, and the expansion / contraction blades Is displaced from the reduced position to the enlarged position.

  Further, the auger is provided with an expansion / contraction blade support (26) rotatably supporting the expansion / contraction blade, and the expansion / contraction blade support (4a) is provided with the discharge port. The expansion / contraction blade support body rotates relative to the auger body between a normal rotation position at the time of normal rotation when the excavation head excavates and a reverse rotation position at the time of reverse rotation of the excavation head, In the forward rotation position, the flow between the discharge port and the fluid supply flow path of the auger body is blocked. On the other hand, in the reverse rotation position, the discharge port and the fluid supply flow path of the auger body communicate with each other. In some cases, the fluid can be discharged from the fluid supply flow path through the discharge port.

Further, the swinging shaft of the expansion / contraction blade may be substantially parallel to the axis of the auger.
Then, there is no biasing means such as a spring for biasing the expansion / contraction blades to the expanded position, and the pressure of the fluid discharged from the three of the rotational force of the auger, the accompanying earth pressure and the fluid pressure discharged from the discharge port However, the expansion / contraction blade may be displaced to the expansion position.

  Further, in the excavating apparatus in which the expansion / contraction blade expanding method of the present invention is used, an excavation head is provided at the lower end of the auger, an expansion position opened outwardly above the excavation head, and an expansion position Expanding / contracting blades for expanding / contracting between the contracted and contracted positions are also provided. When the expansion / contraction blades are enlarged, the fluid discharged from the discharge port of the auger is discharged toward the expansion / contraction blades at the reduction position, and the expansion / contraction blades are promoted to be displaced from the reduction position to the expansion position.

  According to the present invention, when the expansion / contraction blades are enlarged, the fluid discharged from the discharge port of the auger is discharged toward the expansion / contraction blades at the reduction position, and the expansion / contraction blades are displaced from the reduction position to the expansion position. Since the fluid pressure is applied together with the rotation of the auger and the earth pressure accompanying this rotation, the expansion / contraction blades can be expanded smoothly. Moreover, when the expansion / contraction blades are displaced from the expansion position to the contraction position, stones or earth and sand that hinder the displacement of the expansion / contraction blades to the contraction position are removed by the fluid pressure from the discharge port. It can be smoothly displaced to the reduced position without being obstructed by the above.

  Further, the auger is provided with an expansion / contraction blade support that pivotably supports the expansion / contraction blade, and the expansion / contraction blade support is provided with the discharge port and the expansion / contraction blade support. The body rotates relative to the auger body between the forward rotation position during forward rotation when the excavation head excavates and the reverse rotation position during reverse rotation of the excavation head. The flow between the discharge port and the fluid supply flow path of the auger body is interrupted. On the other hand, in the reverse rotation position, the discharge port and the fluid supply flow path of the auger body communicate with each other. In some cases, fluid can be discharged through the discharge port. In such a case, by rotating the auger forward or backward, the fluid can be discharged from the discharge port, and conversely, the discharge of the fluid can be blocked.

  Further, when the swinging shaft of the expansion / contraction blade is substantially parallel to the axis of the auger, the expansion / contraction blade can be expanded / contracted by the rotational force and the accompanying earth pressure by the rotation of the auger.

  To expand the expansion / contraction blade smoothly, when expanding the expansion / contraction blade, the fluid discharged from the discharge port of the auger is discharged toward the expansion / contraction blade at the contraction position, and the expansion / contraction blade expands from the contraction position Realized by helping to shift to position.

  Next, an embodiment of the excavating apparatus and the method for expanding the expansion / contraction blade according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of an excavator according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of the lower element of the auger of the excavator. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the expansion / contraction blades at the expansion position. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the expansion / contraction blades at the reduction position. FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the excavation head. In FIGS. 3 and 4, the fluid supply flow path, the discharge port, and the like are partially illustrated in cross section so as to be easily understood.

First, the overall configuration of the excavator will be described with reference to FIG.
The screw auger excavator includes a traveling vehicle body 1, a leader 2 standing on the traveling vehicle body 1, a prime mover 3 as a rotational drive device such as an electric motor attached to the reader 2 so as to be movable up and down, An auger 4 that is rotationally driven by the prime mover 3, a drilling head 6 provided at the lower end of the auger 4, and a lever-like expansion / contraction blade provided above the drilling head 6 and having a drilling blade at the tip. 7.

  The auger 4 has a cylindrical shape, and a fluid supply channel 11 is formed therein. A screw plate 12 is fixed on the outer periphery of the auger 4 in a spiral shape. The auger 4 is configured to be divided into a plurality of elements in the axial direction, and includes an upper element 16 that is rotationally driven by the prime mover 3, a lower element 17 that includes the excavation head 6, and an extension element 18. The length of the auger 4 can be appropriately changed by attaching / detaching the extension element 18 between the upper element 16 and the lower element 17. The upper element 16, the extension element 18 and the lower element 17 are detachable and fixed so as to rotate and move up and down together.

  The upper end of the fluid supply flow path 11 of the auger 4 is connected to a fluid supply source (not shown) via a swivel, a pipe, etc. (not shown), and pressurized air, water, cement, drilling fluid, root A fluid such as a solidified liquid can be supplied to the fluid supply channel 11.

  The fluid supply flow path 11 of the auger 4 is also formed so as to penetrate the extension element 18 in the axial direction, and the lower end thereof reaches the lower element 17. The lower element 17 is formed with a fluid outlet such as a head valve 21.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the excavation head 6 is provided at the lower end portion of the lower element 17 of the auger 4, and the excavation head 6 is provided with a plurality of excavation bits 23.

  Further, an expansion / contraction blade support 26 that pivotably supports the expansion / contraction blade 7 is provided above the excavation head 6 in the lower element 17 so as to be rotatable. The expansion / contraction blade support 26 includes a cylindrical portion 27 and a plate-like overhanging portion 28 provided at the upper and lower portions of the cylindrical portion 27. An auger body 4a is inserted into the tube portion 27, and the tube portion 27 is rotatable with respect to the auger body 4a. The expansion / contraction blades 7 are attached to the upper and lower projecting portions 28 of the expansion / contraction blade support 26 so as to be swingable about the shaft 29. The shaft 29 is substantially parallel to the axis of the auger 4.

  Further, the expansion / contraction blade support 26 is provided with a stopper 31 for restricting the rotation of the expansion / contraction blade 7 to the expansion position. In the case of this embodiment, two expansion / contraction blades 7 are provided, but the discharge port 33 is provided in the cylindrical portion 27 of the expansion / contraction blade support 26 corresponding to each expansion / contraction blade 7. The discharge port 33 is provided in the vicinity of the base of the expansion / contraction blade 7, and the discharge direction of the discharge port 33 is directed toward the expansion / contraction blade 7 at the contracted position in FIG. 3 is a direction to be displaced to the enlarged position shown in FIG.

  Further, the expansion / contraction blade support body 26 is provided with a first locking portion 36 and a second locking portion 37 that restrict the relative rotation position of the auger 4 with respect to the main body 4a. On the other hand, a projection 39 is provided on the main body 4 a of the auger 4. The protrusion 39 is fitted in a space 41 formed between the first locking portion 36 and the second locking portion 37. The space 41 is shown open to the outside in FIGS. 3 and 4, but actually, the space 41 is covered with a cover (not shown) so as not to be exposed. In this way, relative rotation of the expansion / contraction blade support 26 with respect to the auger body 4a is caused by the forward rotation position (position shown in FIG. 4) where the protrusion 39 is locked to the second locking portion 37 and the protrusion 39 This is performed between a reverse rotation position (position shown in FIG. 3) locked by the first locking portion 36.

  In the auger body 4a, a main channel 11a of the fluid supply channel 11 is formed at the center along the axis of the auger body 4a. A branch channel 11 b is formed in the radial direction from the main channel 11 a so as to correspond to the discharge port 33. When the positional relationship between the auger body 4a and the expansion / contraction blade support 26 is the reverse rotation position (position shown in FIG. 3), the branch flow path 11b and the discharge port 33 communicate with each other, and the fluid supply flow path 11 Thus, the fluid can be discharged from the discharge port 33 through the discharge port 33.

  On the other hand, when the positional relationship between the auger body 4a and the expansion / contraction blade support 26 is the forward rotation position (position shown in FIG. 4), the communication between the branch flow path 11b and the discharge port 33 is blocked, and the discharge port 33 The discharge from the is impossible.

  When excavating a hole in the ground with the excavator configured as described above, the prime mover 3 is operated to lower the auger 4 along the leader 2 while rotating forward. The rotational force of the auger 4 is transmitted to the expansion / contraction blade support 26 via the protrusion 39 of the auger body 4 a and the second locking portion 37 of the expansion / contraction blade support 26, and the expansion / contraction blade support 26 is integrated with the auger 4. Rotate. When the auger 4 is rotated forward, the expansion / contraction blade 7 is in the contracted position shown in FIG. Further, during this excavation, fluid such as pressurized air, water, cement, excavating liquid, rooting liquid, etc. can be discharged from the head valve 21 to the ground via the fluid supply flow path 11 of the auger 4. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the branch channel 11 b of the fluid supply channel 11 is displaced from the position of the discharge port 33, and no fluid is discharged from the discharge port 33.

  When the lower end portion of the hole excavated in this way is expanded, the prime mover 3 is operated in a state where the excavation head 6 is at the bottom of the excavated hole, and the auger 4 is reversed (see FIG. 3). ) Then, the protrusion 39 of the auger body 4a rotates counterclockwise in FIGS. 3 and 4 from the engagement (forward rotation position) with the second locking portion 37 shown in FIG. 4, and the first engagement shown in FIG. Engagement with the stop 36 (reverse position). In the reverse rotation position illustrated in FIG. 3, the distal end portion of the branch channel 11 b of the fluid supply channel 11 coincides with the position of the discharge port 33, and fluid is discharged from the discharge port 33 through the fluid supply channel 11. It becomes possible. The rotational force of the auger 4 is transmitted to the expansion / contraction blade support 26 via the protrusion 39 of the auger body 4 a and the first locking portion 36 of the expansion / contraction blade support 26, and the expansion / contraction blade support 26 is connected to the auger 4. Rotates together. At the time of this expansion digging, fluid such as pressurized air, water, cement, drilling fluid, rooting fluid, and the like flows from the discharge port 33 through the fluid supply channel 11 of the auger 4 toward the expansion / contraction blades 7 at the contraction position. When discharged, the expansion / contraction blade 7 can be biased toward the expansion position by the fluid pressure from the discharge port 33. The expanding / contracting blade 7 can be smoothly displaced from the contracted position to the expanded position by the urging force of the fluid, the rotational force of the expanding / contracting blade support 26 and the earth pressure accompanying the rotation. And the expansion-contraction blade 7 of an expansion position rotates with the auger 4, and the lower part of a hole is expanded and dug.

  When the excavation head 6 is removed from the excavated hole, the prime mover 3 is operated to rotate the auger 4 in the normal direction. Then, the protrusion 39 of the auger body 4a rotates rightward in FIGS. 3 and 4 from the reverse rotation position shown in FIG. 3 to the normal rotation position shown in FIG. The expansion / contraction blade support 26 rotates integrally with the auger 4. Due to this rotational force and the accompanying earth pressure, the expansion / contraction blades 7 are in the contracted position shown in FIG. In the expansion / contraction blade 7, obstacles such as earth and sand and stones are removed by the fluid pressure from the discharge port 33 on the arrangement side of the discharge port 33, so that the expansion / contraction blade 7 smoothly rotates from the enlarged position to the reduced position. be able to. Then, the excavation head 6 is raised along the leader 2 in the same manner as the conventional one.

  In addition, when excavating the above-described hole and when expanding the hole, a fluid such as pressurized air, water, cement, drilling fluid, or rooting fluid is appropriately discharged from the head valve 21 of the auger 4 to the ground. Can do.

  As described above, in the embodiment, the flow between the fluid supply flow path 11 of the auger 4 and the discharge port 33 can be blocked or connected by the forward / reverse rotation of the auger 4. The fluid can be urged to the enlarged position of the expansion / contraction blade 7 by discharging the fluid from the nozzle. As a result, when the auger 4 is reversely rotated, the expansion / contraction blade 7 can be smoothly displaced to the expansion position.

As mentioned above, although the Example of this invention was explained in full detail, this invention is not limited to the said Example, A various change is performed within the range of the summary of this invention described in the claim. It is possible. Examples of modifications of the present invention are illustrated below.
(1) In the above-described embodiment, the number of expansion / contraction blades 7 is two, but the number, material, structure, and the like can be selected as appropriate.
(2) The stopper 31 for restricting the expansion / contraction blade 7 to the expansion position can be selected as appropriate as long as the structure / type of the stopper 31 can be locked to the expansion position.

(3) Expanding / contracting blade support rotational position restricting means for restricting the rotational position of the expanding / contracting blade support 26 with respect to the auger body 4a (in the above embodiment, the first locking portion 36 and the second locking portion 37). If the rotation position of the expansion / contraction blade support 26 can be restricted with respect to the auger body 4a, the structure and the like can be appropriately changed.
(4) It is possible to provide a biasing means such as a spring that biases the rotation of the expansion / contraction blade 7. However, if the urging means is provided, the structure and the like are complicated, so it is preferable not to provide them.

(5) The screw plate 12 only needs to be provided so as not to hinder the displacement of the expansion / contraction blades 7, and may be provided over the entire length of the auger 4 or may be provided partially.
(6) The structure and type of the excavation head 6 can be selected as appropriate.

(7) The connection / disconnection between the fluid supply channel and the discharge port is performed by relative rotation between the auger body and the expansion / contraction blade support, but other means, for example, other types of switching valves. It is also possible to use an open / close valve or the like. However, it is preferable to carry out by relative rotation between the auger body and the expansion / contraction blade support.

(8) The swing axis of the expansion / contraction blade is substantially parallel to the axis of the auger, but is not necessarily parallel. However, it is preferable that they are parallel.
(9) The fluid supply flow path 11 to the discharge port 33 can be dedicated to the discharge port 33, or can also be used as a fluid supply flow channel for other applications.

  When expanding the expansion / contraction blades, the fluid discharged from the discharge port of the auger is discharged toward the expansion / contraction blades at the contracted position, which helps to displace the expansion / contraction blades from the contracted position to the expanded position. The expansion / contraction blades can be expanded / contracted smoothly. Therefore, it is optimal to apply to an excavator equipped with expansion / contraction blades.

FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of an excavator according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of the lower element of the auger of the excavator. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the expansion / contraction blades at the expansion position. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the expansion / contraction blades at the reduction position. FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the excavation head.

Explanation of symbols

4 auger 4a auger body 6 excavation head 7 expansion / contraction blade 11 fluid supply flow path 26 expansion / contraction blade support 33 discharge port

Claims (5)

A drilling head is provided at the lower end of the auger,
Above the excavation head, in an excavation apparatus provided with expansion / contraction blades that expand / contract between an expansion position opened outward and a contraction position contracted more than the expansion position,
The auger is provided with a fluid supply channel for discharging fluid from the discharge port,
An excavator characterized in that the discharge direction of the discharge port is directed to the expansion / contraction blades at the reduction position and is a direction in which the expansion / contraction blades are displaced from the reduction position to the expansion position. The auger is provided with an expansion / contraction blade support that pivotably supports the expansion / contraction blade,
The expansion / contraction blade support is provided with the discharge port,
The expansion / contraction blade support body rotates relative to the auger body between the forward rotation position during forward rotation when the excavation head excavates and the reverse rotation position during reverse rotation of the excavation head. Then, the flow between the discharge port and the fluid supply channel of the auger body is interrupted, while at the reverse position, the discharge port and the fluid supply channel of the auger body communicate with each other, and the fluid supply of the auger body The excavator according to claim 1, wherein fluid can be discharged from the flow path through the discharge port. The excavator according to claim 1, wherein the swinging shaft of the expansion / contraction blade is substantially parallel to the axis of the auger. There is no urging means such as a spring for urging the expansion / contraction blades to the expanded position, and only the pressure of the three fluids of the auger rotational force, the accompanying earth pressure and the fluid pressure discharged from the discharge port, or the discharged fluid pressure The excavator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the expansion / contraction blades are displaced to an expansion position. A drilling head is provided at the lower end of the auger,
Above the excavation head, in the expansion method of the expansion / contraction blades of the excavator provided with expansion / contraction blades that expand / contract between an expansion position opened outward and a contraction position contracted from the expansion position,
A method for enlarging an expanding / contracting blade, wherein the fluid discharged from the discharge port of the auger is discharged toward an expanding / contracting blade at a contracting position, and the expanding / contracting blade is promoted to be displaced from the contracting position to the expanding position.

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