JP4693627B2 - Mechanical device, method of processing sliding surface thereof and processing tool - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine device including a sliding surface on which a moving body is slidably guided with respect to a guide provided linearly or curvedly, such as a machine tool, an XY table unit, and a measuring machine. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for processing the sliding surface and a processing tool for processing the sliding surface.

  Taking a machine tool as an example, a moving body such as a table or spindle head is slidably guided with respect to a guide provided in a linear or curved shape on a structure such as a bed or a column. The guide has a guide surface extending in at least one feed axis direction in the rotation direction of the A-axis, B-axis, and C-axis in the three orthogonal directions of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. Has a guided surface in contact with the guide surface, and a pair of sliding surfaces is formed. Lubricating oil is supplied between the pair of sliding surfaces so that the moving body moves along the guide. The contact points are uniformly distributed over the entire sliding surface of the mechanical device, and the lubricating oil is uniformly distributed between the pair of sliding surfaces to prevent partial lubrication. For this purpose, conventionally, scraping has been performed in which a large number of recesses are formed on any one of the pair of sliding surfaces.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a sliding guide structure in which a shallow dish-shaped concave portion is formed on a guided surface (sliding surface) by an end mill instead of manual scraping. The sliding guide structure of Patent Document 1 includes a guide surface provided on the structure and a guided surface that contacts the guide surface, and the guided surface has arcuate peripheral edges arranged in a staggered manner in the sliding direction. The shallow dish-shaped recessed part which has and the shallow groove which connects adjacent shallow dish-shaped recessed parts are formed.

JP 2003-213333 A

The shallow dish-shaped concave portion of Patent Document 1 has a planar shape that is a circle or a long ellipse that is long in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction, and when sliding, the lubricating oil strikes the adjacent shallow dish-shaped concave portion from the shallow dish-shaped concave portion. It has been disclosed to flow smoothly beyond the point and prevent the oil film on the contact surface from being cut.
Usually, the lubricating oil is not always supplied uniformly over the entire sliding surface, but is supplied in a predetermined amount intermittently from a supply hole opened at a specific location. From the description and shape of the shallow dish-shaped recesses and shallow grooves of Patent Document 1 and the description that the lubricating oil flows from the shallow dish-shaped recess to the adjacent shallow dish-shaped recess over the contact surface, the sliding guide structure of Patent Document 1 However, there is room for improvement in the ease of circulation of the lubricating oil from the recess to the recess. That is, the supplied lubricating oil flows through the plurality of recesses and does not reach every corner of the sliding surface. Then, there is a problem that the sliding surface is unevenly worn.

  Patent Document 1 discloses that the shallow dish-shaped recess and the shallow groove are each milled. Then, when machining shallow dish-shaped recesses or shallow grooves on narrow dovetail sliding surfaces or V-shaped inclined sliding surfaces, the tool and work piece may interfere with each other, There arises a problem that the workpiece to be held is held obliquely, and a tool must be attached to the spindle head of the cutting machine via an angle head or the like.

An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, and the object of the present invention is to incline the long axis of a recess that forms a narrow closed curve on the sliding surface with respect to the sliding direction of the moving body. And forming the adjacent recesses to overlap each other so as to communicate with each other so that the lubricating oil supplied to the sliding surface can easily flow from the recesses to the recesses over a wide range. It is intended to provide a machine device that extends over the entire sliding surface and reduces uneven wear of the sliding surface, a method for processing the sliding surface, and a processing tool for processing the sliding surface.
Another object of the present invention is that the recess can be machined on a narrow dovetail sliding surface, and the workpiece or tool spindle can be tilted even on a sloping sliding surface such as a V-shape. It is providing the processing method and processing tool which can machine a recessed part efficiently.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to the present invention, there is provided a mechanical device having a sliding surface on which a moving body moves while being guided by a guide, wherein lubricating oil is supplied to the sliding surface. A plurality of shallow concave portions having a closed contour that is symmetrical with respect to the long axis and formed in an elongated shape on one of the sliding surfaces of the pair of sliding surfaces including the guide surface and the guide surface; The plurality of recesses have a first radius of curvature and a second radius of curvature, respectively, in a cross section along the major axis direction and a minor axis direction of the closed curve , and the major axis of the closed curve is in the sliding direction. There is provided a mechanical device having a sliding surface formed so as to be inclined with respect to each other, adjacent recesses being partially overlapped with each other, and lubricating oil supplied to the sliding surface can flow between the recesses.
The plurality of recesses on the sliding surface are formed so that the long axis of the closed curve faces in a direction inclined with respect to the sliding direction, and the adjacent recesses partially overlap each other to provide lubrication supplied to the sliding surface. Since the oil is formed so as to be able to flow between the recesses, the lubricating oil supplied from the lubricating oil supply hole flows between the recesses with the pressure, and the sliding direction rearward and diagonally rearward with the movement of the moving body To the adjacent recesses one after another, and the lubricating oil reaches the recesses in the entire sliding surface.

In addition, according to the present invention, there is provided a mechanical device that includes a sliding surface on which a moving body is guided by a guide and that is supplied with lubricating oil, and includes a guiding surface and a guided surface. One of the pair of sliding surfaces has a plurality of shallow concave portions having a closed curved contour symmetrical with respect to the major axis and having an elongated outer shape, and the plurality of concave portions are formed on the closed curve. And a cross section along the long axis direction and a cross section along the short axis direction respectively have a first radius of curvature and a second radius of curvature, and the long axis of the closed curve is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the sliding direction. A first recess formed in the first direction and a second recess formed in a second direction different from the first direction, wherein the first and second recesses are alternately arranged. And the longitudinal ends of the adjacent recesses are partially overlapped and formed With the movement of the moving body, machinery lubricating oil comprises a sliding surface that is to flow between the recesses are provided.
The plurality of concave portions of the sliding surface are formed so that the long axis of the closed curve faces the first direction and the second direction inclined with respect to the sliding direction, and the first and second concave portions are alternately arranged. Formed and the longitudinal ends of the adjacent recesses partially overlap so that the lubricating oil flows between the recesses as the moving body moves, so the lubricant accumulated in the recesses moves Accompanying the movement of the body, the oil continuously flows to the adjacent recesses in the rear and diagonal directions in the sliding direction, and the lubricating oil reaches the recesses in the entire sliding surface.

Further, according to the present invention, a plurality of shallow concave portions having a closed contour which is narrow in shape and symmetrical with respect to the major axis is formed on the sliding surface of the machine device on which the moving body is guided by the guide. A sliding surface machining method in which a plurality of recesses having a first radius of curvature and a second radius of curvature are formed by cutting in a section along the major axis direction and a section along the minor axis direction of the closed curve, respectively. A cutting tool whose cutting edge shape viewed from the front in the tool feeding direction is formed in a curved shape corresponding to one of the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature is a tool of a cutting machine. The cutting edge movement trajectory in a plane perpendicular to the sliding surface to be machined is attached to the main shaft so as to have a curved shape corresponding to one of the first curvature radius and the second curvature radius. Relative feed between the machining tool and the sliding surface to be machined Giving, on the sliding surface, the plurality of recesses longitudinal axis of the closed curve processing method of the sliding surface for cutting so as to be inclined with respect to the sliding direction are provided.
The cutting edge shape seen from the front of the tool feed direction is a curved cutting tool such as an arc, long arc, elliptical arc with a cross-sectional shape of the recess to be obtained. Give a relative feed of at least two axes of linear feed axis or rotary feed axis simultaneously between the machining tool and the workpiece so as to form a curved shape such as an elliptical arc, and scoop the sliding surface with a cutting blade Then, a plurality of recesses in which the long axis of the closed curve is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the sliding direction on the sliding surface are cut. The relative feed when machining this recess is a feed of at least two axes simultaneous control of the linear feed shaft, a feed of at least two axes simultaneous control of the linear feed shaft and the spindle rotation feed shaft, or a feed of only the spindle rotation feed shaft. is there.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, the sliding surface includes a plurality of shallow concave portions having a closed curved outline symmetric with respect to the major axis and having an elongated outer shape, and a cross section along the major axis direction of the closed curve and A sliding surface processing tool for forming a plurality of recesses each having a first radius of curvature and a second radius of curvature in a cross section along a minor axis direction by cutting, and is mounted on a tool spindle of a cutting machine A tool body and a cutting edge are attached to the tip of the tool body so as to protrude toward the sliding surface to be machined, and the shape of the cutting edge viewed from the front in the tool feed direction is the first radius of curvature and the second radius. corresponding to either of the radius of curvature is formed in a curved shape, said spaced 180 degrees around the central axis of the tool body, and, anda two blade section attached symmetrically with respect to the central axis A sliding surface machining tool is provided.
It spaced 180 degrees around the central axis at the distal end of the tool body, and, since fitted with two blade portions symmetrically relative to the central axis, the one direction on the sliding surface of the mechanical device at one edge portion Only the concave portion facing is processed in the going process, and after the tool body is indexed 180 degrees, only the concave portion facing the other direction is processed in the returning process by the other blade portion.

  According to the present invention, the plurality of recesses forming an elongated closed curve of the sliding surface are formed so that the major axis of the closed curve faces the direction inclined with respect to the sliding direction, and adjacent recesses are part of each other. Since the lubricating oil supplied to the sliding surface is formed so as to be able to flow between the concave portions, the lubricating oil accumulated in the concave portions is moved backward and obliquely rearward in the moving direction as the moving body moves. It flowed to the adjacent recesses one after another and easily reached the recesses in the entire sliding surface, and the entire sliding surface was evenly lubricated to reduce uneven wear on the sliding surface. The positioning accuracy and motion accuracy of the moving body could be improved.

In addition, according to the machining method of the present invention, a machining tool having a cross-sectional shape of a recess to be obtained as a cutting edge shape as viewed from the front in the tool feed direction is used, and the tool movement trajectory is curved with a workpiece. With this, relative recesses are applied to cut the recesses on the sliding surface, so it was possible to easily process multiple recesses on the sliding surface in a short time with a normal NC cutting machine such as a machining center or NC milling machine. . Also, even when processing recesses on dovetail or V-shaped inclined sliding surfaces, the workpiece can be held at an angle with respect to the processing device, or without attaching an angle head to the spindle head. A plurality of recesses could be easily formed in a short time.
Further, according to the machining tool of the present invention, since the two blade portions are attached to the tip end portion of the tool main body 180 degrees apart around the central axis and symmetrically with respect to the central axis, the reciprocation between going and returning Using the process, the concave portion could be efficiently processed on the sliding surface. And if the cross-sectional shape of the tool body is configured in a trapezoidal shape and the blade is attached to the tip of the diverging tip, the work piece and the tool will not interfere with each other even inside the narrow dovetail sliding surface. The recess could be processed.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, referring to FIG. 2, an end surface of a table 11 is illustrated as an example of a moving body of a machine tool. The table in FIG. 1 is displayed upside down in order to explain the method of processing the sliding surface. The table 11 is provided on a side opposite to the workpiece mounting surface 13 for mounting and fixing a workpiece (not shown), and extends in a bed (not shown) of the machine tool. It slides along a nut mounting portion 15 for mounting a nut (not shown) that engages with a ball screw (X-axis feed screw) and a guide (not shown) extending in the X-axis direction on the bed. And a dovetail-shaped sliding surface 17. The guide has an inclined guide surface (not shown) and a horizontal guide surface (not shown) that are ground as an example, and the dovetail-shaped sliding surface 17 of the table 11 is an inclination of the guide of the bed. The sliding surface 19a and the sliding surface 19b are arranged so as to face the guide surface and the horizontal guide surface. In the present embodiment, the sliding surface 19a and the sliding surface 19b are formed with a plurality of recesses 51 as a lubricating oil reservoir described below.

  2 and 3, a tool 21 is a tool for machining the recess 51 on the sliding surface 19a, and the cross-sectional shape attached to the tip of a tool spindle (not shown) of a cutting machine (not shown) is substantially trapezoidal. The truncated cone-shaped tool body 23 is provided. The cutting machine is a linear feed device (not shown) for NC feeding the tool spindle relative to the workpiece (table 11) in the three orthogonal directions of the X, Y, and Z axes. ) And a spindle C-axis feeding device (not shown) capable of indexing the tool spindle around the central axis by NC.

  The cutting of the recess means that the tool is not rotated, but is moved relative to the workpiece in a direction that combines at least two of the X, Y, and Z axes while maintaining a constant posture. Is formed so as to have a curved shape such as an arc, a long arc, an elliptical arc, or the like, that is, the cutting blade moves so as to scoop up the workpiece and cuts the recess in the workpiece. A concave portion having a curved cross-sectional shape such as an arc, a long arc, or an elliptical arc that is the same as the front shape of the cutting edge can be processed. The cutting machine can use a normal machining center or NC milling machine, attach the machining tool to the tool spindle, fix the rotation of the tool spindle, and move relative to the workpiece mounted on the table. To make it happen. Since the spindle C-axis feeding device is attached, it is possible to index the rotation of the tool.

  The tool main body 23 of the tool 21 is formed symmetrically with respect to the central axis O on the side surface of the lower portion of the lower end portion of the tool main body 23, the mounting hole 25 penetrating and formed along the central axis O to be attached to the tool spindle. The cutout portion 27 has a receiving portion 29 formed of a recess for receiving a throw-away tip 41 (see FIG. 5) that forms a cutting edge. A central axis (not shown) is fixed to the mounting hole 25. The center axis O coincides with the tool spindle axis of the cutting machine when the tool body 23 is attached to the tool spindle tip of the cutting machine.

  The receiving portion 29 has an outer shape matching the throw away tip 41 and a bottom surface 29a inclined with respect to the central axis O, and a bolt (not shown) for fixing the throw away tip 41 to the center portion. A bolt hole 29b to be screwed is formed. The receiving portion 29 of the tool 21 is formed such that the cutting edge 45 protrudes from the side surface of the tool body 23 and the throw away tip 41 can be attached. Further, the inclination of the bottom surface 29a of the receiving portion 29 with respect to the central axis O is determined by rotating and indexing the tool spindle of the cutting machine in the C-axis direction so that the cutting edge 45 of the throw away tip 41 is moved with respect to the sliding surface 19a. The angle can be arranged vertically. In the present embodiment, two throwaway tips 41 are attached to the lower portion of the tool body 23 so as to be bilaterally symmetrical with a separation of 180 degrees around the central axis O.

  Referring to FIG. 4, a tool 31 is a tool for machining the recess 51 in the sliding surface 19b, and a tool body having a truncated cone shape with a substantially trapezoidal cross section attached to the tip of the tool spindle of the cutting machine. 33. The tool main body 33 has a mounting hole 35 formed through and formed along the central axis O to be attached to the tool spindle, and a notch 37 formed symmetrically with respect to the central axis O on the side surface of the distal end portion of the tool main body 33 that spreads outward. The notch 37 has a receiving portion 39 formed of a recess for receiving the throw away tip 41. A central axis (not shown) is fixed to the mounting hole 35. The receiving portion 39 has an outer shape matching the throwaway tip 41 and a bottom surface 39a formed in parallel to the central axis O, and a bolt (not shown) for fixing the throwaway tip 41 to the center portion. A bolt hole 39b is formed to be screwed together. The receiving portion 39 of the tool 31 is formed so that the cutting edge 45 protrudes from the bottom surface of the tool body 33 and the throw away tip 41 can be attached. In the present embodiment, two throwaway tips 41 are attached to the lower portion of the tool body 33 so as to be left-right symmetrically spaced 180 degrees around the central axis O.

  In FIG. 5, the throw-away tip 41 has a generally rhombus shape, a mounting hole 43 for fixing to the receiving portions 29 and 39 of the tools 21 and 31 with bolts (not shown), and an arc shape with a predetermined radius. And a cutting blade 45. In FIG. 5, the cutting edge 45 has a radius of 50 mm, but the radius of the cutting edge 45 is not limited to this, and may be larger than 50 mm, for example, 75 mm or smaller than 50 mm, for example, 30 mm. In short, a cutting blade 45 having a shape and size corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the recess 51 to be processed into the sliding surface is used. The throw away tip 41 is mounted on the receiving portion 29 of the tool 21 so that the cutting edge 45 can face the sliding surface 19a, and the fixing bolt is screwed into the bolt hole 29b through the mounting hole 43. It is fixed to the tool 21. Similarly, the throwaway tip 41 is mounted on the receiving portion 39 of the tool 31 so that the cutting edge 45 can face the sliding surface 19b, and the fixing bolt is screwed into the bolt hole 39b through the mounting hole 43. By doing so, the tool 31 is fixed.

Next, the recess will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIGS. Each of the plurality of recesses 51 formed on the sliding surface 19a and the sliding surface 19b is formed by a shallow recess having an elongated profile with an outer shape having a closed curve on the sliding surface 19a and the sliding surface 19b. Is done. This closed curve is the ridgeline between the sliding surface and the recess. As an example, the recess 51 has a major axis A _L, and a minor axis A _S extending transversely to the longitudinal axis A _L, so as to have a profile composed by closed curve of long symmetrical shape the major axis A _L direction (See FIG. 8A). Further, the recess 51 has a curvature radius R _L (see FIG. 8B) in a cross section along the long axis A _L and a curvature radius R _S (see FIG. 8C) in a cross section along the short axis A _S. Can be formed. In the present embodiment, the radius of curvature R _L is equal to the radius of 50 mm of the cutting edge 45, the radius of curvature R _S is, for example, 10 mm, and the depth of the recess 51 is 0.12 mm. The cross-sectional shape along the major axis A _L is not limited to the arc shape, the long arc-shaped (boat-shaped), elliptical shape, or the like, may be a smooth curve shape. Of course, it is necessary to use a throwaway tip having a long arc shape or an elliptic arc shape for the cutting edge 45 correspondingly.

The plurality of elongated recesses 51 have a plurality of first recesses whose long extending directions (long axis directions) are inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the sliding direction of a moving body such as a table, in this embodiment, the X axis direction. the recesses 51 _1, and a second recess 51 ₂ which plural inclined with respect to the X-axis direction to a direction different from the first recess 51 ₁ direction (see FIG. 1,6). FIG. 1 shows that when the recess 51 has a long axis A _L and a short axis A _S that is perpendicular to the long axis A _L , the long axis A _{L1 of} the first recess 51 ₁ is slid on the moving body. at an angle α inclined to the moving direction (X axis direction), the second recess 51 _second long axis a _L2 is an example which is inclined at an angle beta. As an example, the angles α and β can be set to 45 ° and −45 ° with respect to the sliding direction (X-axis direction) of the moving body, respectively.

The first and second recesses 51 ₁ and 51 ₂ are alternately formed at predetermined pitches P _X and P _Y (see FIG. 6) in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, and adjacent recesses 51 ₁ and 51 _2. The end portions in the longitudinal direction are partially overlapped with each other so that the recesses communicate with each other. Particularly in Figure 1, when viewed with respect to the first recess 51 ₁ shown by oblique lines, for the second recess 51 ₂ adjacent in the X-axis direction are overlapped at a portion indicated by reference numeral 53, perpendicular to the X axis overlap in the portion indicated by reference numeral 55 for the second recess 51 ₂ adjacent in the Y-axis direction.

As shown in FIG. 7, the plurality of first and second recesses 51 ₁ and 51 ₂ are a set of a plurality of recesses arranged in the Y-axis direction, and a set adjacent to the X-axis direction of this set is constant. May be arranged so as to be offset in the Y-axis direction with a certain offset length δ, and further, groups adjacent in the X-axis direction may be successively offset in the Y-axis direction by an offset length δ. In the present embodiment, P _X and P _Y are both 4.9 mm and δ is 1 mm.

As can be seen from FIGS. 6 and 7, if a straight line in the sliding direction, that is, the X-axis direction in this embodiment is drawn at an arbitrary position on the sliding surface where the recess 51 is formed, the straight line is always slid. It crosses both the concave portion 51 and the contact portion 57 where the moving surfaces do not contact each other. This means that all parts of the sliding surface are rubbed with each other, and the entire sliding surface is worn almost uniformly. If the concave portion 51 is formed in a pattern in which a straight line drawn arbitrarily does not cross the contact portion 57 but crosses only the concave portion 51, the pair of sliding surfaces do not slide against each other. If it is used for a long period of time, convex X-axis streaks are formed on the sliding surface, which is not preferable.
The major axis of the closed curve of the concave portion is not limited to the two directions of facing the first and second directions with respect to the sliding direction, but is a mode of facing three or more multi-directions such as the third and fourth directions. May be. In short, the long axis of the closed curve faces a plurality of directions inclined with respect to the sliding direction, and adjacent recesses are partially overlapped and communicated with each other, and the lubricant moves between the recesses as the moving body moves. What is necessary is just to form the recessed part in the sliding surface so that it may flow.

Hereinafter will be described a method of processing recess 51 _1, 51 _2. According to this embodiment, when machining the recesses 51 ₁ and 51 ₂ on the sliding surface 19a, the tool 21 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is used, and the recesses 51 ₁ and 51 ₂ are machined on the sliding surface 19b. When doing so, the tool 31 shown in FIG. 4 is used. In addition, according to the present embodiment, one of the plurality of first and second recesses 51 ₁ and 51 ₂ is formed on the sliding surface 19a or the sliding surface 19b, and then the plurality of first and second recesses 51 ₁ and 51 ₂ are formed. The other of the two recesses 51 ₁ and 51 ₂ is formed.

When machining a plurality of first recesses 51 ₁ on the sliding surface 19a, first, one cutting edge 45 of the two throwaway tips 41 attached to the tool 21, more specifically, scooping of the throwaway tip 41 is performed. By rotating and indexing the tool spindle of the cutting machine in the C-axis direction so that the surface is perpendicular to the sliding surface 19a along the first axis A _L1 , the tool 21 has a tool spindle around the tool spindle. Rotational positioning is performed. When processing a plurality of second recesses 51 _2, the rake face of the cutter insert 41, such that the perpendicular to the sliding surface 19a along a second axis A _L2, the tool 21 is a tool spindle Indexed and positioned around. That is, the bottom surface 29a of the receiving portion 29 of the tool 21 is indexed around the tool spindle of the tool 21 so as to be perpendicular to the sliding surface 19a along the first and second axes A _L1 and A _L2. It is inclined with respect to the central axis O so that positioning is possible.

In the present embodiment, the cutting edge 45 is moved to the sliding surface 19a by the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis feed axes of the cutting machine while keeping the angle of the rake face with respect to the sliding surface 19a constant. The recesses 51 are cut one by one by moving relative to each other. In particular, when the recess 51 shown in FIG. 8 is formed, the cutting blade 45 having the curvature radius R _L in FIG. 5 moves relative to the sliding surface 19a along an arc having the curvature radius R _S. Thus, the feed axes of the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis of the cutting machine are controlled. That is, cutting is performed by moving the cutting surface 45 so as to scoop the sliding surface, and the recess 51 is formed. The locus of relative movement of the cutting blade 45 is not limited to an arc as long as it is a smooth curve, and may be a long arc, an elliptic arc, or the like.
Cutting may be performed such that the cutting edge having the curvature radius Rs moves relative to the sliding surface along an arc having the curvature radius R _L.

Thus, when one of the plurality of first and second recesses 51 ₁ and 51 ₂ is formed on the sliding surface 19a, the tool 21 is turned 180 degrees around the tool spindle and attached to the tool 21. The other cutting edge 45 of the two throwaway tips 41 is rotationally positioned perpendicular to the inclined sliding surface 19a, and in the same manner as described above in the return step, a plurality of first and second recesses 51 ₁ , 51 ₂ of the other is formed on the sliding surface 19a.

Further, when machining the recess 51 in the sliding surface 19b, the tool 31 shown in FIG. 4 is used, and the cutting blade 45 is connected to the first and second axes A _L1 , as in the sliding surface 19a. The tool 31 is indexed and positioned around the tool spindle along A _L2 . At this time, since the bottom surface 39a of the receiving portion 39 of the tool 31 is formed parallel to the central axis O, the cutting edge 45 is always perpendicular to the sliding surface 19b regardless of the rotational position of the tool 31 around the tool spindle. Positioned.

Next, as in the case of the sliding surface 19a, the feed axes of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis of the cutting machine with the angle of the rake face of the throw away tip 41 with respect to the sliding surface 19b maintained constant. Thus, the cutting blade 45 is moved relative to the sliding surface 19b to form the concave portions 51 one by one. At that time, only one of the plurality of first and second recesses 51 ₁ and 51 ₂ is first formed on the sliding surface 19b, and then the other of the plurality of first and second recesses 51 ₁ and 51 ₂ is formed. This is the same as the case of the sliding surface 19a. Since the tool 31 is provided with two throwaway tips 41, the recesses 51 ₁ and 51 ₂ can be efficiently formed if the tool 31 is turned 180 degrees around the central axis O and processed in the return process.

In particular, in the present embodiment, the recess 51 has a plurality of first and second recesses 51 ₁ , 51 ₂ having elongated shapes extending in different directions with respect to the sliding direction (X-axis direction) of the table 11. The plurality of first and second recesses 51 ₁ , 51 ₂ are respectively formed on the sliding surfaces 19a, 19b in the sliding direction of the table 11 (X-axis direction) and the direction perpendicular to the sliding direction (Y-axis) arranged alternately in the direction), and since the recess ends of the adjacent concave portions 51 _1, 51 ₂ in the longitudinal direction partially overlap it is formed so as to communicate the lubricating oil collected in the recesses 51 As the table moves, the fluid flows one after another to the adjacent recesses 51 obliquely rearward in the moving direction, and the lubricating oil reaches the recesses 51 over the entire sliding surface. That is, the distribution of the lubricating oil interposed between the sliding surfaces 19a and 19b and the guide surface becomes uniform. This reduces uneven wear on the sliding surface.

  Further, even if excess lubricating oil flows into a specific recess 51 near the lubricating oil supply hole, the excess lubricating oil circulates to the adjacent recess 51 in a short time as the table 11 moves, and the lubricating oil is evenly distributed. Distribution is maintained. As a result, the positioning accuracy and motion accuracy of the table 11 are improved, and the processing accuracy of the workpiece by the machine tool having the sliding surface is improved. The peripheral portions of the sliding surfaces 19a and 19b are surrounded by a region where the recess 51 is not formed, so that the outflow from the peripheral portion of the lubricating oil is reduced.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the recess 51 does not rotate the tools 21 and 31 having the cutting edge 45 on the side surfaces of the distal ends of the frustoconical tool bodies 23 and 33 having a substantially trapezoidal cross-section. Since cutting is performed by providing relative feed of at least simultaneous biaxial control of the X, Y, and Z axes, the dovetail-shaped sliding surface 17 facing the narrow space formed by the sliding surface 19a and the sliding surface 19b. It is possible to form the recessed part 51 to the inner part.

  In the present embodiment, the recess 51 is formed on the sliding surfaces 19a and 19b of the table 11 as a moving body. However, the sliding surfaces 19a and 19b are ground and the recess 51 is a bed guide. It may be formed on the guide surface. In the above-described embodiment, the case where the plurality of first and second recesses are formed in the sliding direction and the direction perpendicular to the sliding direction is shown, but they may be formed in other directions. In short, a plurality of first and second recesses may be formed alternately on the sliding surface. Further, the present invention is not limited to the linear movement as described above, but can also be applied to a sliding surface on which a curved movement that turns like a rotary table or a universal head is performed. The present invention can be applied not only to a dovetail sliding surface but also to a flat or V-shaped sliding surface. The sliding surface forming the recess 51 may be a metal material or a fluororesin sliding material affixed thereto.

Furthermore, although the embodiment of the machining tool having two throwaway inserts has been shown, even a machining tool having one throwaway insert can be cut by a reciprocating process if it is a flat sliding surface. If the sliding surface has a dovetail shape, the efficiency is lowered, but the recess can be formed by a cutting process only in a one-way process. In addition to the throw-away tip, a tip that is fixed to the tool body by brazing or the like may be used. A tool for machining a recess in a V-shaped inclined sliding surface has a V-shaped tool body whose tip corresponds to the inclined sliding surface, and two V-shaped distal ends are symmetrical with respect to the central axis. It is configured with a blade. A tool for machining a recess in a flat or square horizontal sliding surface or vertical sliding surface has a substantially cylindrical tool body, and has two blade parts symmetrically with respect to the central axis on the end face or side surface of the tip part. Installed and configured. Thus, not only the dovetail-type sliding surface but also the recesses can be machined in the inner part and the holding surface of the square-shaped sliding surface.
The present invention is not limited to a machine tool, and can be applied to a machine device that has been subjected to scraping on a conventional sliding surface, such as an XY table unit or a three-dimensional measuring machine.

  In the present embodiment, the case where the cutting of the concave portion is performed without rotating the tool has been described, but there is also a processing method in which the tool is rotated. That is, at least two-axis simultaneous control relative feed or spindle C-axis feed only, in which a tool protruding a blade portion on the outer periphery is linearly moved using a linear feed device while rotating using a spindle C-axis feed device, is given. The recess may be cut on the sliding surface of the work piece by moving the cutting edge so as to scoop the work piece so that the moving locus of the cutting edge becomes a curved shape such as an arc, a long arc, or an elliptical arc. In the case of a sliding surface where the rotating tool and the workpiece do not interfere with each other, the recess can be efficiently formed by using this processing method.

It is an enlarged view of the some 1st and 2nd recessed part formed in the sliding surface which becomes embodiment of this invention. It is an end view of a table as a moving body of a machine tool to which the present invention is applied, and is a view shown with a tool for processing a recess on an inclined sliding surface of the table. FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the tool of FIG. 2, (a) is a cross-sectional view, and (b) is a bottom view. It is detail drawing of the tool for processing a recessed part on the horizontal sliding surface of a table, (a) is sectional drawing, (b) is a bottom view. It is an enlarged view of the throw away tip attached to the tool of FIGS. It is a top view which shows an example of several 1st and 2nd recessed part formed in the sliding surface of a table. It is a top view which shows the other example of several 1st and 2nd recessed part formed in the sliding surface of a table. It is an enlarged view which expands and shows one of a recessed part, (a) is a top view, (b) is sectional drawing which follows a major axis, (c) is sectional drawing which follows a minor axis.

Explanation of symbols

11 Table 17 Dovetail sliding surface 19a, 19b Sliding surface 21, 31 Tool 23, 33 Tool body 41 Throw away tip 45 Cutting edge 51 Recess

Claims (4)

A mechanical device provided with a sliding surface on which a moving body is guided by a guide, wherein lubricating oil is supplied to the sliding surface;
A plurality of shallow concave portions having an elongated outer shape and a contour of a closed curve symmetrical to the major axis are formed on one sliding surface of a pair of sliding surfaces including a guide surface and a guided surface. ,
The plurality of recesses have a first radius of curvature and a second radius of curvature, respectively, in a cross section along the major axis direction and a minor axis direction of the closed curve , and the major axis of the closed curve is in the sliding direction. Formed with respect to the
A mechanical apparatus comprising a sliding surface in which adjacent recesses are formed so as to partially overlap each other, and allows lubricating oil supplied to the sliding surface to flow between the recesses. A mechanical device provided with a sliding surface on which a moving body is guided by a guide, wherein lubricating oil is supplied to the sliding surface;
A plurality of shallow concave portions having an elongated outer shape and a contour of a closed curve symmetrical to the major axis are formed on one sliding surface of a pair of sliding surfaces including a guide surface and a guided surface. ,
The plurality of recesses have a first radius of curvature and a second radius of curvature, respectively, in a cross section along the major axis direction and a minor axis direction of the closed curve , and the major axis of the closed curve is in the sliding direction. A first recess formed in a first direction inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the second recess formed in a second direction different from the first direction,
The first and second recesses are alternately formed, and the end portions in the longitudinal direction of the adjacent recesses are partially overlapped, and the lubricant flows between the recesses as the moving body moves. A mechanical device having a sliding surface. A plurality of shallow recesses having a closed curved outline symmetrical to the long axis on the sliding surface of the machine device in which the moving body is guided by the guide, the long axis of the closed curve A sliding surface processing method for forming a plurality of recesses having a first radius of curvature and a second radius of curvature in a cross section along a direction and a cross section along a minor axis direction by cutting,
The machining tool cutting edge shape is formed in a curved shape corresponding to one of said first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature as viewed from the tool feed direction front, mounted to the tool spindle of the cutting machine And
The machining tool and the machining tool are machined such that a locus of movement of the cutting edge in a plane perpendicular to the sliding surface to be machined has a curved shape corresponding to one of the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature . Give a relative feed to the sliding surface
The sliding surface, the processing method of the sliding surface a plurality of recesses longitudinal axis of the closed curve cutting so as to be inclined with respect to the sliding direction. A plurality of shallow concave portions having a closed curved outline symmetrical to the major axis on the sliding surface , each having a cross section along the major axis direction and a minor axis direction of the closed curve. A sliding surface processing tool for forming a plurality of recesses having a first radius of curvature and a second radius of curvature by cutting,
A tool body mounted on a tool spindle of a cutting machine;
A cutting edge is attached to the tip of the tool body so as to protrude toward the sliding surface to be machined, and the cutting edge shape viewed from the front in the tool feed direction is either the first radius of curvature or the second radius of curvature. or it is formed in a shape curved so as to correspond to one, and the tool spaced 180 degrees around the central axis of the body, and two blade section attached symmetrically with respect to the central axis,
A sliding surface machining tool comprising:

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