JP4680192B2 - Connecting device for connecting arcuate elements and arcuate structure produced thereby - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a connecting device for connecting prefabricated arched elements currently used for the implementation of back-filled arched civil engineering operations, in particular tunnels.

  Furthermore, the invention relates to an arcuate structure manufactured from a prefabricated arcuate element and with the device according to the invention.

  A conventional way of realizing this type of structure is to place prefabricated curved arched elements in an interconnected manner, each of the arched elements forming an arched piece, the resulting piece being It is connected to the entire length of the structure. In order to realize the foundation part of the arcuate structure, two concrete foundations are pre-formed over the entire length of the structure, on which are mounted the elements of the arcuate structure that form the legs of the arcuate structure. The work is completed by backfilling the structure thus obtained.

  In general, only two arched elements arranged on the base are used to form the arched piece. This is known as a three-segment arch structure: it is formed of two segments between the arched element and the base and a third segment between the two arched elements.

  However, there are also other embodiments in which it is preferred to use three arched elements to form an arched piece. Each of the two side arch elements is firmly connected to the base at one end thereof, while receiving one of the ends of the central arch element at the other end. A segment is formed by each interconnection between the arcuate elements. This is known as a bisection arcuate structure.

  In various configurations, due to its asymmetry, one piece of the arched structure that is not balanced is loaded; this acts on the segments, reducing the stability and strength of the structure.

  Thus, a load in the horizontal and vertical direction results, for example, due to the structure of the backfill thickness varying over the length of the structure, or the structure formed on the slope. This load can cause misalignment in the structure.

  In addition, vertical loads that shear the segments may result, and in some cases, particularly in the three-segment arcuate structure, this causes cracking or delamination. Such a load is created when the weak ground is subjected to differential subsidence or asymmetric lateral friction.

  In order to balance the resulting horizontal longitudinal loads, one solution performs longitudinal coupling of arcuate elements by molding one or two concrete girders over the length of the structure. .

  If there is only one girder, molding over the entire length of the structure and any rotation of the arched structure about its vertical axis or its horizontal axis are prohibited. Similarly, this solution prevents any vertical displacement. Compared to previous solutions, the method of molding two stringers along the structure has the advantage of allowing rotation about the longitudinal axis. However, rotation around the horizontal axis and vertical displacement are still impossible.

  However, these movements, especially rotation, need to be possible in order to be able to adapt to the external shape of the structure (interaction between the structure and the ground).

  Furthermore, it is difficult to implement the connection of the arched elements by molding concrete girders, for example, because it is necessary to construct the molding over the entire length of the structure.

  The object of the invention is in particular to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above.

  For this purpose, the present invention proposes a connecting device of the type defined below, which connecting device is provided with at least one connecting element, the connecting element being formed from a vertically long core, said vertically long The core is made of a strong material and the surface of the part is highly friction-accepting and thus contributes to be inserted longitudinally between the lips of each of at least two arcuate elements adjacent to each other Covered with at least two deformable elements of material, and the device has at least one longitudinal core with at least one extending over at least one of the lengths of the lip and for carrying out the connection over the entire arcuate length. Means are provided for securing to the cores of two adjacent connecting elements.

  The principles of the present invention are useful for generating a load that can, on the one hand, use friction within the segment to balance the load in the horizontal and longitudinal directions, while on the other hand, adapting the structure to the external environment. Only movement is allowed in the segment. Furthermore, the connection thus obtained is particularly easy to implement because it does not involve concrete molding over the entire length of the structure.

  The core of the connecting element is preferably formed of a metallic material, in particular steel, in order to obtain excellent rigidity.

  In one embodiment, the securing means comprises welding means that allow a continuous connection over the entire length of the arcuate structure by means of simple movement.

  In another embodiment, the securing means can be coupled with the seam plate, forming another simple forming means that forms a strong connection.

  In a preferred embodiment, the deformable element comprises two veneers, with a longitudinal core inserted between the veneers. Each veneer contacts the lip of the arcuate element and creates friction between the connecting element and the arcuate element.

  In one advantageous shape, the longitudinal core of the connecting element has a selected shape, for example a T-shaped or L-shaped cross section, and one arm portion of the surface is covered by one or more deformable elements. , Having at least one arm portion projecting out of the arch structure, thereby facilitating the fixing of the longitudinal core to the adjacent core.

  Furthermore, the deformable element is connected to the longitudinal core of the connecting element, for example by gluing.

  The deformable element is formed of a material selected from an elastomer material that can be easily deformed, has high strength and is easy to implement, for example rubber.

  In addition, the longitudinal core of the connecting element has at least one centering element capable of engaging with each other at each base portion formed in the lip to ensure the centering of the arcuate element. I have.

  The centering element has substantially the shape of two inverted frustoconical extensions extending on each side of the longitudinal core.

  Advantageously, the deformable element covers only a portion of the surface of the longitudinal core and incorporates a groove capable of receiving a slurry of strong material, such as a slurry of cement, thereby enhancing the arcuate structure And fire resistance is ensured.

  The invention further proposes an arcuate structure composed of an arcuate element according to the invention and at least one connecting element.

  In a particularly preferred embodiment, the arcuate element comprises an upper surface provided with a recess in the vicinity of the lip to accommodate an arm left free in a T-shaped or L-shaped profile.

  Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description based on the accompanying drawings.

  The accompanying drawings not only assist the present invention, but also contribute to its definition as necessary.

  The following detailed description will consider a back-filled arch-type civil engineering structure.

  The arched pieces according to the invention (FIGS. 1, 2 and 3) are conventionally pre-manufactured with concrete and arranged to be interconnected, while being located on pre-cast concrete bases 5, 7 respectively. Formed by two curved arcuate elements 1, 3. To form an arched structure, arched pieces are placed over the entire structure length (FIG. 3). After the arch-shaped structure is obtained, the arch-shaped structure is backfilled by means of backfilling R (FIG. 16).

  In the case of the arched structure according to the invention, a connecting element 9 (FIG. 4) of the same length as the length of the arched piece constituting the connecting device according to the invention is inserted between the arched elements 1 and 3.

  In variously shaped structures, a situation occurs where the force applied to one arched piece cannot be balanced. In particular, when the structure is formed on a slope, or when the thickness of the backfill R varies over the length of the structure, a longitudinal and horizontal load Fm (FIG. 5) is generated at the junction between the arched elements. If this load Fm is not corrected, a static balance of the arched piece cannot be obtained. In some cases, this non-equilibrium causes misalignment of the structure. In order to ensure the stability and strength of the structure, it is possible to generate a longitudinal and horizontal force Fr that acts in a direction opposite to Fm at the joint portion between the arched elements 1 and 3 and that is larger than Fm, thereby generating an arch. It is necessary to equilibrate the shape fragments. The invention consists in particular of creating a friction at the joint between the arched elements 1, 3 using a horizontal transverse load N caused by the friction of the backfill R on the arched structure. The friction associated with the transverse load N produces a longitudinal and horizontal force Fr that can balance Fm. Thereby, the first function of the connecting element 9 according to the invention is to create friction at the joint between the arcuate elements 1, 3.

  In order to adapt to the external environment, the arcuate piece must be able to deform within reasonable limits. At the junction between the arch element 1 and the base 5 (FIG. 6), the beveled surface 61 and the gap e formed between the edge of the base 5 and the arch element 1 cause a specific movement, particularly rotation around the horizontal axis. Permissible. The connection between the base 5 and the element 1 is known as a segment. In particular, the connection between the arched elements 1, 3 to prevent vertical loading in the arched segments due to different backfilling treatments on either side of the structure, or different ground configurations under the foundations 5, 7. It is further necessary to allow in certain respects certain displacements, in particular rotation around the horizontal axis, and vertical displacement of one arched element 1 with respect to the other element 3. In this case, a segment is also provided between the arched elements 1, 3. Therefore, the connecting element 9 of the connecting device according to the present invention must allow for the aforementioned displacement or displacement.

  These overall degrees of freedom make it possible to give the structure a curvilinear alignment in both vertical and horizontal planes.

  The first embodiment (FIG. 7) of the connecting element 9 of the connecting device according to the invention comprises a metal core 75 formed by means of a substantially inverted L-shaped shape. On the two sides of the longer arm of the metal core 75, two deformable veneers 71, 73 are placed or glued, while the other arms are left free. In the second embodiment (FIG. 8), the metal core 77 can be formed by means of a substantially T-shaped shape.

  When the connecting element 9 is inserted between the arched elements 1, 3, the corresponding surfaces of the arched elements 1, 3, the lip portions 41, 43 come into contact with the deformable veneers 71, 73. In fact, this contact causes the required friction. In parallel with this, since the single plates 71 and 73 can be deformed, this allows rotation around the horizontal axis and vertical translation. In order for the connecting device according to the invention to work best, it is advantageous to produce the deformable veneers 71, 73 of a material that has both excellent deformability and compatibility with the coefficient of friction of concrete. . Therefore, it is preferable to use an elastomer type material such as rubber or neoprene.

  In order to ensure the stability and strength of the overall arched structure, it is necessary to connect the connecting elements 9 so that the horizontal longitudinal load is balanced throughout the arched structure. For this purpose, it is necessary to fix the core 75 of the connecting element 9 to the core of the adjacent connecting element.

  In the first shape (FIGS. 9 and 10), the metal cores 75 are connected to each other using a metal seam plate 90. A metal plate 91 is disposed across the upper surfaces of the two metal cores 75. The metal plate 91 is screwed to each of the metal cores by means of screws 93 (FIG. 9) or welded by means of weld seams 94 (FIG. 10).

  In the second shape (FIG. 11), it is also possible to directly form the weld seam 100 between the upper surfaces of the two metal cores 77.

  In order to facilitate the positioning of the connecting element 9 on the surface of the arcuate elements 1, 3, a centering device 110 can be provided on the connecting element 9 (FIG. 12). In this case, the two centering elements 113 and 115 having a truncated cone shape are joined at the bottom with both sides of the metal core 75 appropriately perforated by a male / female device (not shown) being sandwiched. ing. The lip portions 41 and 43 of the arched elements 1 and 3 are formed with centering recesses 111 having a shape that assists the shapes of the centering elements 113 and 115. The centering device 110 can optionally be formed in a very non-rigid state. On the one hand, the centering function is temporary and on the other hand, the centering device 110 must not interfere with the operation in the segment between the arch elements 1,3.

  In order for the arcuate structure to adapt to the external environment, movement in the segment between the arcuate elements 1, 3 must be allowed (ground / structure interaction), but once this adaptation is established, it is particularly higher It is advantageous to strengthen the arcuate structure to be fire resistant. For this purpose, an improved version of the connecting element 9 according to the invention forms cavities 150, 160 into which a slurry of a suitable material such as, for example, a cement base can be poured (FIGS. 13, 14).

  Once the arch structure is in place by inserting the connecting elements 9 and placing the arch elements facing each other and connecting all the connecting elements 9 by welding or seam plates (FIG. 15), backfilling It is advantageous to tightly seal the previous arcuate structure. For this purpose, the prior art places the sealing foil 181 over the entire top surface of the arcuate structure (FIG. 16) or at least over the joint. It is therefore necessary for the connecting element 9 not to exceed the upper surface of the arcuate structure. In this way (FIG. 12), a recess 117 is formed in the vicinity of the lip portions 41 and 43 on the upper surface of the arched elements 1 and 3.

  So far, the three-segment arch structure according to the present invention has been described. It can also be replaced by a case where it is formed in a two-segment format.

  In the same manner, the shape in which the arched elements 1 and 3 are arranged to face each other has been described. The connecting device according to the invention is also used when the arched elements 1, 3 are arranged in a zigzag manner, ie each arch element 1 is joined to the other two arch elements 3, 11 (FIG. 17). Can do.

  Finally, the vertical core is formed by means of a substantially inverted L-shape or T-shape, but other shapes, particularly circular cross-sectional shapes, are also conceivable. In this case, a cylindrical or flange-type elastomer sheath surrounds only a part of the entire length of the cylindrical core. Therefore, this shape makes it necessary to provide a semicylindrical recess over the entire length of the lip portion of the arch element.

  The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above purely for illustration, but includes all modifications and variations that a person skilled in the art can conceive within the scope of the claims.

1 is an overall perspective view of an arched piece according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of the arched piece of FIG. 1. 1 is a general plan view of an arched structure according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a detailed portion IV in FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state in which a load is applied to a joint portion between arch-shaped elements in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a detailed portion VI in FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a connecting element according to the invention. It is a cross-sectional view over the connection element of this invention in another embodiment. It is a perspective view of the fixing means by this invention. It is a perspective view of the fixing means of the present invention in another embodiment. It is a perspective view of the fixing means of the present invention in another embodiment. FIG. 6 is a detailed cross-sectional view of a joint between arcuate elements of the present invention in another embodiment. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an advantageous shape of the connecting element of the present invention. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of another advantageous shape of the connecting element of the present invention. 1 is a perspective view of an arched structure according to the present invention. FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a completed arched structure according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an arched structure according to the present invention having a different shape from FIG. 1.

Claims (13)

  Arrangement for an arcuate element, wherein the arcuate elements are connected to form an arcuate shape, the arrangement being provided with at least one coupling element (9), the coupling element being a longitudinal core (75, 77), the longitudinal core is made of a strong material, the surface of which part is of high frictional acceptance and therefore of at least two arcuate elements (1, 3) adjacent to each other Covered with at least one deformable element (71, 73) of plastic material that contributes to be inserted longitudinally between each lip (41, 43), and said device comprises a longitudinal core (75). 77) extends at least over one length of the lip and is secured to the core of at least one adjacent connecting element (90) to effect the connection over the entire arcuate length. Apparatus for arcuate elements, characterized in that it comprises 100).   Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the core of the connecting element (9) is made of a metallic material, in particular steel.   3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the fixing means comprise welding means (100).   3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the fixing means comprise a seam plate (90). Wherein the deformable element is Vertical core (75, 77) is one of 請 Motomeko 1-4 you characterized in that it comprises a single plate of two inserted (71, 73) between 1 The device according to item. The longitudinal core (75, 77) of the connecting element (9) has a selected shape, for example a T-shaped or L-shaped cross-section, and one arm portion of the surface has one or more deformable elements covered by, apparatus according to any one of 請 Motomeko 1-5 you characterized in that it has a profile which at least one arm portion is protruded to the outside of the arch structure. Apparatus according to the deformable element (71, 73) is any one of 請 Motomeko 1-6 you characterized by connecting, for example by adhesive Vertical core (75, 77) of the connecting element . It said deformable element (71, 73) is made of a material selected from elastomeric material, for example apparatus according to any one of 請 Motomeko 1-7 you characterized in that it is made of rubber. The longitudinal core (75, 77) of the connecting element (9) is provided with at least one centering element (110) which is mutually connected to ensure a temporary centering of the arcuate element. according to any one of 請 Motomeko 1-8 you wherein the engagement at each corresponding the recess (111) formed on opposing lip (41, 43) is possible in Equipment.   The centering element (110) has substantially the shape of two inverted truncated cones (113, 115), each extending on either side of the longitudinal core. apparatus. The deformable element (71, 73) covers only a part of the surface of the longitudinal core (75, 77), so that a base (150, 160) capable of receiving a slurry of strong material, eg cement slurry. ) device according to any one of 請 Motomeko 10 you characterized in that can accommodate. The consists arched elements (1,3), at least one arcuate structure constituted by coupling device according to any one of 請 Motomeko 1-11.   The arched element (1, 3) has an upper surface (119), and a recess (117) is provided near the lip (41, 43) of the upper surface (119). The arched structure according to claim 12 in combination with Item 6.

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