JP4663280B2 - Method for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure having needle-like protrusions on one side - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a production method capable of producing a three-dimensional structure having thin and high needle-like protrusions on one side with good productivity.

  Conventionally, methods for producing various three-dimensional structures in which protrusions are formed on both surfaces of a resin sheet have been proposed (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-15330, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-12139). However, these double-sided embossing methods cannot increase the height of the protrusions. On the other hand, means for moving the needle-like object in a direction perpendicular to the resin sheet has been proposed (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 48-75678). However, although the disclosed three-dimensional structure is a useful structure, it has not been industrially developed because there is no means for stably and continuously producing it. There has been a demand for means capable of stable production. In particular, a structure having a high height with respect to the width of the protrusions of the needle-like protrusions is difficult to remove from the mold of the molded product and is difficult to manufacture stably. Further, the disclosed structure has a thick tip of the molded protrusion, and the used resin is not effectively used, resulting in a wasteful extravagant structure. In the case of hot-melting for bonding with a metal, a large amount of heat energy is required for melting, and the tip of the protrusion may be deformed by the excessive heat, and the quality may not be stable. Furthermore, this disclosed structure is only required to have a high bulkiness and a high compressive strength, and the cavities inside the protrusions have not been actively utilized.

Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 62-15330 (page 1-2, FIG. 1). Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-12139 (page 1-2, FIG. 1). JP-A-48-75678 (page 11, lower left column, FIGS. 5 and 6).

  The present invention has been made in order to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, and the object of the present invention is to provide a structure having a pressure resistance despite having high rigidity and flexibility, as a thermoplastic sheet. An object of the present invention is to provide means for continuously and stably producing a three-dimensional structure having a thin and high protrusion on one side. Another object is to provide a structure in which the thickness of the tip of the projection structure of the present invention is reduced.

The present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and features as a manufacturing method are as follows. In the present invention, a large number of needle-shaped molds are integrated with a substrate on one side of a resin sheet having fluidity when the temperature is higher than the deflection temperature of the resin. of the side surfaces, an aperture retainer plate holes at positions corresponding to the needle-like type of projections is opened, provided to bear upon the needle-type penetrate the resin sheet a resin sheet from behind The resin sheet is deformed to form needle-like protrusions on one side by moving in a direction perpendicular to the resin sheet so that the needle-shaped mold fits into the hole of the perforated pressure plate. In the manufacturing method of the structure, a compressed air chamber that covers a large number of holes in the perforated pressure plate and / or a large number of needle-shaped molds on the substrate is provided behind the perforated pressure plate and / or the substrate. It is ejected to the resin sheet side where the acicular protrusion is formed. And in the pressing plate and / or substrate aperture, and three-dimensional structure which is molded, characterized in that the separated, a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional structure having needle-like protrusions on one side. In the present invention, a plurality of needle-shaped molds are integrated with the substrate on one side of the resin sheet having fluidity when the temperature is higher than the resin deflection temperature. on the side of the other side, as apertured retainer plate holes at positions corresponding to the needle-like type of projections is opened, support when the needle-type penetrate the resin sheet a resin sheet from behind The resin sheet is deformed to form needle-like protrusions on one side by moving in a direction perpendicular to the resin sheet so that the needle-shaped mold is inserted into the hole of the perforated pressing plate. In the method of manufacturing a three-dimensional structure, a pressure chamber is provided behind the perforated pressing plate to cover a large number of holes of the perforated pressing plate or a large number of needle-shaped molds of the substrate, and a resin on which needle-like protrusions are formed Air is sucked into the compressed air chamber from the seat side, needle-like on one side The method for producing a three-dimensional structure having raised. In the present invention, a plurality of needle-shaped molds are integrated with the substrate on one side of the resin sheet having fluidity when the temperature is higher than the resin deflection temperature. on the side of the other side, as apertured retainer plate holes at positions corresponding to the needle-like type of projections is opened, support when the needle-type penetrate the resin sheet a resin sheet from behind The resin sheet is deformed to form needle-like protrusions on one side by moving in a direction perpendicular to the resin sheet so that the needle-shaped mold fits into the hole of the perforated pressing plate. In the method of manufacturing a three-dimensional structure, a release plate having holes is provided on the surface of the substrate at positions corresponding to a large number of needle-shaped protrusions, and after the three-dimensional structure is molded, the release plate is By moving perpendicular to the direction of the resin sheet, the substrate and the molded Three-dimensional structure is characterized in that it is separated with, method of producing a three-dimensional structure having needle-like protrusions on one side. In the present invention, a plurality of needle-shaped molds are integrated with the substrate on one side of the resin sheet having fluidity when the temperature is higher than the resin deflection temperature. on the side of the other side is perforated retainer plate holes at positions corresponding to the needle-like type of projections is opened, support the resin sheet from behind when acicular type penetrate the resin sheet By moving in a direction perpendicular to the resin sheet so that the needle mold fits into the hole of the perforated pressure plate, the resin sheet is deformed and needle-like protrusions are formed on one side. In the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure to be formed, a release plate that covers many holes of the perforated presser plate is provided behind the perforated presser plate, and after the three-dimensional structure is molded, the release plate is To move vertically to press the tip of the shaped needle-like protrusion More, a three-dimensional structure which is the molded with pores open pressing plate are separated from each other, a method for producing a three-dimensional structure having needle-like protrusions on one side. Further, the present invention provides a three-dimensional structure manufacturing method, characterized in that a compressed air chamber is provided behind the release plate to cover a large number of holes of the perforated pressing plate, and air is ejected or sucked from the compressed air chamber. About.

  The present invention is characterized by having needle-like protrusions on one side of the resin sheet. Resins include polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyamides such as polycarbonate, nylon 6 and nylon 66, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, vinyl resins such as polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene resins, acrylic acid Acrylic resins such as methyl resin, fluorine resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene, and thermoplastic resins such as polyvinyl alcohol resins are preferably used. Furthermore, even a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, or a urea resin can be used as long as it is a resin that exhibits fluidity at a temperature equal to or higher than the deflection temperature under load due to heating or the like. The above resins are not only used alone, but can also be used in combination with each other by blending, etc., and additives such as plasticizers, fillers, antioxidants, stabilizers, lubricants, etc. Can also be used. Since this invention is used also for civil engineering etc., degradable resin, such as biodegradable resin, such as a polylactic acid type and a polybutylene succinate type | system | group, and photodegradable resins, such as a vinyl ketone type polymer, is also preferable. The present invention also aims at a soft three-dimensional structure, and thermoplastic elastomers such as SBS and polyurethane can also be used.

  The present invention has needle-like protrusions formed by deforming a part of the resin sheet on one side of the resin sheet, and the sheet means that the resin is formed into a sheet shape. The sheet is not particularly limited in thickness, and usually includes what is called a film or a film. However, the thickness is preferably 10 μm or more and 2 mm or less, more preferably 50 μm or more and 1 mm or less, 100 μm or more. Most preferably 0.5 mm or less. This is because when it does not reach 10 μm or exceeds 2 mm, it is difficult to form stably.

  The present invention is a three-dimensional structure having a large number of needle-like protrusions formed by deforming a part of the resin sheet on one side of the resin sheet. This is because by having protrusions on one surface, the bulkiness can be increased, a structure with a large gap can be formed, and a heat insulation can also be formed with a large structure. In addition, by having the needle-like protrusion on one side as described above, the flexibility could be increased. The term “many” means that there are 10 or more, preferably several tens, or several hundreds or thousands of protrusions on the resin sheet. The present invention is also characterized in that a sheet having a large number of protrusions is continuously produced. Furthermore, since it is a single-sided protrusion, the number of needle-like protrusions can be increased compared to double-sided protrusions, so that the compressive strength can be increased. The strength is strong and the smoothness of the sheet surface is improved.

  As an example of the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention, many needle-shaped molds are integrated with the substrate with respect to the resin sheet having fluidity due to being higher than the deflection temperature of the resin. When the needle-shaped mold of the substrate moves in the direction perpendicular to the resin sheet and penetrates into the resin sheet, the resin sheet is deformed. And the structure which has a needle-like protrusion on one side can be manufactured by cooling or solidifying in the state which maintained the deformation | transformation state. The deflection temperature under load of the resin is determined by JISK7207 and is also referred to as a heat distortion temperature. At the load deflection temperature used in the present invention, the B method, i.e., the bending stress applied to the specimen, is 45.1 N per square centimeter. Above the load deflection temperature of the resin, the resin sheet can be deformed by needle-like protrusions, preferably 30 ° C. or more, more preferably 50 ° C. or more, and most preferably 80 ° C. or more than the load deflection temperature. Deformation is possible even when the deflection temperature under load is not reached, but the transformation takes time and productivity is poor. The softening of the resin sheet is not only a temperature effect, but may be chemically softened by a solvent or a plasticizer, such as a water solvent in polyvinyl alcohol or a plasticizer in a polyvinyl chloride resin. It is a requirement that the resin sheet is at or above the deflection temperature under load.

  In the needle mold for deforming the resin sheet in the production method of the present invention, the height h of the protrusion is preferably 3 mm or more, and the width w at 1/2 of h is preferably h ≧ 3w. The needle-shaped mold has a needle-like elongated shape, and the diameter of the needle may be constant, but may be a tapered shape. This is because, by adopting such a shape, a long and narrow needle-like projection can be realized, and a flexible but pressure-resistant three-dimensional structure of the present invention can be realized. The height h of the needle-shaped mold is 3 mm or more, preferably 200 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or more and 100 mm or less, and most preferably 8 mm or more and 50 mm or less. If it does not reach 3 mm, the bulkiness of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention cannot be satisfied, and if it exceeds 200 mm, it may be difficult to stably produce the elongated protrusions of the present invention. Further, the width w of the needle-shaped mold at the half height h is h ≧ 3w, preferably h ≦ 100w, more preferably h ≧ 5w, h ≦ 70w, h ≧ 10w. Most preferably, h ≦ 50w. This is because, by making these ranges, the manufactured three-dimensional structure can increase the bulkiness and porosity, and can have a more flexible structure. In addition, when h <3w, it may not be possible to satisfy the bulkiness of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention, and when h> 100w, it is difficult to stably manufacture the elongated protrusions of the present invention. Because there is. The needle-shaped mold does not necessarily mean only a conical symmetrical shape, and the cross section at w can have various shapes such as an ellipse, a square, and a triangle. As the value of w in this case, the smallest value in the cross section at 1 / 2h is adopted. In addition, the measurement of h and w is obtained by measuring 30 projections selected at random and arithmetically averaging them.

  Many needle molds of the present invention are integrated with a substrate. The integration may be a case of being integrally machined with the same material, but the needle may be bonded to the substrate by means such as screwing, welding, adhesive bonding, or caulking. Another advantage of the thin and long needle-shaped mold according to the present invention is that it is needle-shaped. Therefore, both the needle-shaped mold as the device and the needle-shaped protrusion of the product have a small heat capacity, so the cooling efficiency is good and the productivity is good. That is. Further, in order to improve the compressive strength, not only the shape but also the molecular orientation effect due to the deformation at the time of melting imparted during molding is great. The present invention is also characterized in that the molecular orientation can be increased because the deformation rate is large and the cooling efficiency is also large.

In the production of three-dimensional structure in the present invention is perforated pressing plate having holes corresponding to the number of needle-shaped protrusions are provided after the back of the resin sheet, the needle-type penetrate the resin sheet time, is arranged to support the resin sheet from behind. Then, the resin sheet is deformed to form needle-like protrusions on one side of the sheet by moving in a direction perpendicular to the resin sheet so that the needle-shaped mold is fitted into the hole of the perforated pressing plate. The apertured retainer plate is fitted into (or penetration) and come force of the acicular type, a function of mechanically supporting the behind of the sheet, as the shape factor which determines the diameter of the protrusions formed on one surface of the resin sheet It has a function. Even when the same needle mold is inserted, a three-dimensional structure having a different diameter (ie, W) can be obtained by changing the diameter of the hole of the perforated pressing plate. It is desirable that the entrance and exit of the hole of the perforated pressure plate be chamfered so that no damage is caused during molding. In addition, it is desirable that the surface and holes of the perforated pressing plate are surface-treated with a releasing agent such as a silicon-based or fluororesin-based releasing agent.

  It is preferable that a pressurized air chamber is provided behind the perforated pressing plate and / or the substrate in the manufacture of the three-dimensional structure in the present invention. The back means the side opposite to the side on which the resin sheet is molded. A pressurized air chamber refers to a room in which gas is maintained in a pressurized state or a negative pressure state. It is preferable that the hole holding plate and the substrate are provided with a hole or a slit for guiding the gas from the compressed air chamber to the resin sheet side on which the needle-like protrusions are formed. However, in the case of a perforated pressure plate, a hole opened at a position corresponding to the needle-shaped mold can be used as it is. The gas is usually air, but if you want to avoid oxidation of the resin, other gases such as nitrogen gas are used, and if you want to humidify the resin sheet, air containing water vapor may be used. is there. First, the case where the pressure chamber is pressurized and the air from the pressure chamber is ejected to the resin sheet side where the needle-like protrusions are formed will be described. By blowing the pressurized air from the compressed air chamber toward the resin sheet on which the needle-like protrusions are formed, the molded product, perforated pressing plate, substrate, etc. are cooled, so that the molding is stably performed and the molding speed is increased. . In addition, the air pressure in the compressed air chamber causes air to be ejected toward the resin sheet on which the needle-like protrusions are formed, so that the molded resin sheet is stably separated from the perforated pressing plate and the substrate. It can be stably molded from the surface, and the molding speed can be increased.

  Next, the case where the pressure chamber is maintained in a negative pressure state and air is sucked into the pressure chamber from the resin sheet side where the needle-like protrusions are formed will be described. At the beginning of the molding process in which needle-shaped protrusions are formed from the molten resin sheet, the needle-shaped needle-shaped protrusions are formed by air flowing from the molten resin sheet side into the pressure chamber provided on the perforated pressure plate side. To help. That is, in the deformation by the needle-shaped mold, a force may be locally applied, and uneven thickness or tearing may occur. Due to this suction action, a deformation force is applied to the entire surface of the sheet, enabling stable deformation. In addition, the ability to flow air also has the effect of cooling the molded needle-like protrusions and the perforated pressing plate. Furthermore, in the deformation using only the needle-shaped mold, since the needle-shaped mold is cooled, the tip of the needle-shaped protrusion tends to be thick, but this negative pressure suction may make the tip of the needle-shaped protrusion thin. It has the characteristics that can. By making the tip of the needle-like projection thin, the needle-like projection becomes flexible, and when joining the other sheet-like material at the tip of the needle-like projection, the tip can be easily melt-joined. The auxiliary action of the formation of the needle-like protrusion by the negative pressure suction is performed at the beginning of the process of forming the needle-like protrusion, whereas the formation of the needle-like protrusion is performed when the above-described pressurized air chamber is used. At the end of the process.

  In the substrate integrated with the needle-shaped mold in the production of the three-dimensional structure in the present invention, it is preferable that a release plate having holes corresponding to the protrusions of the needle-shaped mold is provided on the surface of the substrate. After this mold release plate is molded into a three-dimensional structure with needle-like projections, the mold release plate moves perpendicularly to the direction of the resin sheet, thereby stabilizing the needle-shaped mold and the three-dimensional structure formed. Can be separated and the molding speed can be increased. This release plate is preferably made of a metal such as aluminum, copper, stainless steel or steel. This is because the needle-shaped mold and the molded three-dimensional structure are cooled and stably molded by the heat capacity of the metal release plate, and the molding speed is increased. Since the needle-like projections of the present invention are thin and have a high height, it is necessary to make it possible to release the mold stably by moving such a release plate vertically. In addition to those exemplified in the section of the best means for carrying out the invention, the means for vertical movement of the release plate is not limited to means using magnetism, or moving the substrate up and down using negative pressure suction force or pressure. You can also.

  The release plate in the present invention can also be provided on the perforated pressing plate side. If the tip of the needle-like protrusion of the three-dimensional structure formed by a needle-shaped mold or the like is protruding to the back surface of the perforated presser plate, the mold release plate moves vertically over the tip of the protruding needle-like protrusion. On the contrary, it can be pushed into the perforated pressure plate side. In this case, the perforated pressing plate may be a flat plate. Such a release plate on the perforated pressing plate side is particularly effective when the three-dimensional structure of the present invention is a hard resin such as a hard vinyl chloride resin or a polycarbonate resin.

  A large number of small holes are provided in the release plate provided on the perforated pressing plate side, and a pressurized air chamber can be provided behind the small holes. It is desirable that the tip of the needle protrusion is pushed in by the release plate integrated with the pressure chamber while the air sent from the pressure chamber cools the tip of the needle-like protrusion through the small hole. In addition, this air pressure chamber is a negative pressure suction chamber at the initial stage of forming the needle-like protrusions, thereby helping to form the needle-like protrusions to stabilize the molding, and thinning the tip of the molded product. The quality of the molded product can also be improved.

Next, a continuous manufacturing method in which the three-dimensional structure of the present invention is provided with a pressure chamber and a release plate will be described. A large number of substrates on which the needle-shaped molds are fixed are fixed on a conveyor A that is continuously connected and circulated. In addition, a pair of conveyors B that are paired with the conveyor A are installed facing each other, and the conveyor B is provided with a perforated pressing plate. The needle type when passing through the resin sheet, the resin sheet from behind, and is configured to the apertured retainer plate support. Resin heated above the deflection temperature under load is continuously inserted between the pair of continuously circulating conveyors A and B. A three-dimensional structure is continuously formed by forming a protrusion on one side of the resin sheet by penetrating the resin sheet through a mechanism in which the substrate moves vertically with respect to the inserted resin sheet. Is done. In the conventional method in which the resin sheet is directly sandwiched between continuous conveyors, the needles of the present invention are long, so that when the resin sheet is sandwiched, the needles are stuck obliquely and stable molding cannot be performed. The present invention solves this problem by vertically shifting the substrate and the perforated pressing plate with respect to the resin sheet when sandwiched. Various means can be used for the vertical transition of the substrate and the perforated pressing plate, and the transition may be performed only for the substrate or may be performed integrally with the conveyor.

  The position of the hole of the perforated pressing plate provided in the conveyor B has means for synchronizing with the position of the needle of the needle-shaped mold, for example, the position of the traveling needle-shaped mold and the perforated pressing plate, It senses mechanically, electromagnetically, and optically, and is controlled so that these positions are synchronized.

  The example of the mechanism in which a board | substrate or a perforated pressing board moves vertically at the time of manufacturing the three-dimensional structure of this invention continuously is shown. It is a means that uses a caterpillar (or also called a caterpillar) as the conveyor and moves perpendicularly to the inserted resin sheet using a guide groove side wall such as a substrate. As another means, there is a means for pushing up or pushing down only the substrate or the like on the conveyor by sliding on the gantry. The details of these means are exemplified in the section of the best means for carrying out the invention, as well as means for raising and lowering the substrate using magnetism, and raising and lowering the substrate using negative pressure suction force and pressure. You can also

  In the continuous manufacturing method of these three-dimensional structures, the compressed air chamber does not need to be circulated with the conveyor. In particular, in the above-mentioned guide groove side wall and slide mount system, the compressed air chamber can be fixed at a fixed position. This requires a device such as an air pipe or a pressure seal for the compressed air chamber, so that the device can be simplified. The compressed air chamber may be provided on the perforated pressing plate side or on the substrate side integrated with the needle-shaped mold, but may be provided on both sides. Since the three-dimensional structure of the present invention has a high height relative to the width of the needle-like protrusions of the molded body, it is necessary to smoothly remove the molded body from the needle-shaped mold or the perforated pressing plate. At this time, it is preferable that the molded body is cooled. By doing so, it was possible to produce continuously and stably, and the production speed could be increased.

  In the continuous manufacturing method of these three-dimensional structures, the release plate is circulated with the conveyor. In the guide groove side wall and slide mount system described above, the release plate provided on the substrate circulates together with the substrate, and with a mechanism similar to that of the substrate and the perforated pressing plate, by a vertical pin placed on the conveyor. , A method of shifting in the vertical direction can be taken. Since the three-dimensional structure of the present invention has a high height with respect to the width of the needle-like protrusions of the molded body, it is necessary to smoothly remove the molded body from the needle-shaped mold. Is preferably cooled. The release plate functioned in both of them, and it was possible to produce continuously and stably, and the production speed could be increased.

  The needle-like protrusions manufactured according to the present invention preferably have a height H of 3 mm or more. In addition, the width W at a position of ½ of the height H of the protrusion of the present invention is characterized by H ≧ 2W. It is because the function of the three-dimensional structure of this invention can be exhibited because the height H is large with respect to W. W is preferably H ≧ 2.5W and H ≦ 50W, more preferably H ≧ 3W, H ≦ 30W, H ≧ 5W, and most preferably H ≦ 10W. This is because, within these ranges, the bulkiness and porosity can be increased, and a more flexible structure can be obtained. In addition, when H <2W, it may not be possible to satisfy the bulkiness of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. When H> 100W, it is difficult to stably manufacture the elongated protrusions of the present invention. Because there is. The protrusion does not necessarily mean only a conical symmetrical shape, and the cross section at W may have various shapes such as an ellipse, a square, and a triangle, or a mixture thereof. As the value of W in this case, the smallest value in the cross section at 1 / 2H is adopted. In one structure in the present invention, H and W do not need to be constant, and various Ws may be mixed. In addition, the measurement of H and W is obtained by measuring 30 projections selected at random and arithmetically averaging them.

  In the three-dimensional structure of the present invention, the tip of the needle-like protrusion has a curved surface, and the curvature radius R in the cross section preferably has a value of R <W / 2, more preferably 0.01 mm. Most preferably, it is from 0.3 to 0.3 Wmm, and from 0.1 to 0.2 Wmm. This is because, at a radius of curvature exceeding W / 2 (mm), the deformation of the tip is not sufficient, and there are many cases where there is still a lot of luxury and flexibility is not sufficient. By making the curvature radius of the tip part smaller than W / 2mm, the tip part is also deformed, reducing wasteful luxury at the tip part, and reducing the area of the tip part can also increase flexibility, By reducing the area of the tip, the number of protrusions can be increased.

  However, the tip of the needle-like protrusion of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention can be a flat surface. The flat surface may be formed by a forming process, but can also be achieved by flattening the tip after manufacturing the three-dimensional structure. As in the case where the three-dimensional structure of the present invention is adhesively bonded to other sheets, there is a case where the bonding surface is increased due to a flat tip and an improvement in bonding strength can be expected. Although this flat part may leave the thickness of the raw material resin sheet, it is preferable that the thickness is deformed to be smaller than the thickness of the raw material resin sheet.

  The three-dimensional structure of the present invention can have a structure having a hole at the tip of the needle-like protrusion. Since the present invention has needle-like protrusions on one side, air permeability and water permeability are large in a plane, but air permeability and water permeability may be required so as to penetrate the plane. By providing a hole in the tip of the needle-like protrusion, air permeability and water permeability penetrating through such a plane can be secured, and a porous three-dimensional structure having a unique structure that has not been available so far can be obtained. By filling the space between the protrusions with fibrous materials or other fillers and allowing them to pass through the structure of the present invention combined in multiple layers, the filter function can be provided. By giving reaction aids and catalytic action to these fibrous materials and fillers, they can also be used as reaction tanks such as sewage septic tanks. In this case, there is an advantage that the reaction time can be increased. The shape and size of these holes are not particularly limited and are determined depending on the application.

  The hole at the tip of these needle-like protrusions can be made by mechanically piercing or heating the tip only with a roll heated to a high temperature while the tip is deformed by the needle-like mold of the device. It is also possible to adopt a method of slicing and removing only the tip portion after the means for performing the process and the resin protrusion are formed. When using a roll heated to a high temperature, the temperature of the roll is preferably the glass transition temperature or higher, and more preferably the thermal decomposition temperature or higher, in the case of the melting point of the resin sheet or the amorphous resin.

  Since the three-dimensional structure of the present invention is a single-sided protrusion, it has a cavity inside the protrusion, can be filled with an object, and can be a structure having a new function. For example, the three-dimensional structure of the present invention has a thin and high protrusion, and therefore has a large surface area. By utilizing this, a heat storage material, a heating medium or a cooling medium is put into an object, and a fluid is placed between the protrusion and the protrusion. By flowing, a heat exchange structure having a good heat exchange ratio such as a cooling tower can be obtained. In addition, since the object filled in the protrusions is a sealing agent, when this three-dimensional structure is overlapped and joined together, it should be a large area structure that prevents water leakage etc. with the sealing agent. Can do.

  The three-dimensional structure of the present invention can be a structure joined to a sheet-like object on the bottom surface of the needle-like protrusion. Thus, by joining with a sheet-like object on the bottom surface, it has a function of enclosing and holding an object inside the needle-like protrusion. In the case where the object is a solid such as a heat storage material or a viscous object such as a sealing agent, it may not be necessary to hold the object (contents) by joining such sheet-like materials. However, when the contents do not stay stably inside, such as gas, liquid, and particulate matter, it is desirable to join the sheet-like material to the bottom surface. When the contents to be joined are desired to keep the contents airtight, a resin sheet, film, or aluminum foil similar to the sheet for forming the three-dimensional structure of the present invention is joined. If it is desirable that the contents of the hollows of the needle-like projections come in and out of the object, it is necessary to have air permeability such as perforated films such as microporous membranes, nonwoven fabrics, paper, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and nets. An aqueous material is used. When heat resistance is required, a metal such as an aluminum foil, a ceramic plate, or the like can be used.

  As an example in which the bottom of the needle-like projections is sealed with an airtight film, the inside is air, so that the three-dimensional structure has an elastic cushioning property against the compressive force, and the compressive strength also jumps. Improve. In addition, by increasing the compressive strength and elasticity of the three-dimensional structure in this way, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the resin sheet on which the needle-like protrusions are formed, not only improving the economy, but also being flexible and easy to handle. Therefore, since the resin sheet is thin, the molding conditions are easy and the production speed can be increased.

  When the sealing material on the bottom of the needle-shaped protrusions is made of a breathable sheet such as non-woven fabric or paper, and this structure is used as a packaging material (or packaging material), the leachate and evaporation material from the package contents are retained inside the cavity. Can be made. For example, when used for packaging of export machinery, the nonwoven fabric absorbs rust preventives and machine oil that have leaked from the machinery, and holds them inside the needle-like projections of this three-dimensional structure, and flows out of the package. Can be prevented. Similarly, when the package contents are seafood or vegetables, the liquid leached out from them is absorbed by the non-woven fabric and held inside the needle-like projections of this three-dimensional structure and flows out of the package. Can be prevented. Furthermore, the bottom of the needle-like protrusion is sealed with a microporous membrane, a breathable sheet such as a nonwoven fabric or paper, and the inside cavity of the needle-like protrusion is filled with a gas absorbent such as activated carbon, silica gel, oxygen absorbent , To maintain the dry state of the package contents, absorb the solvent volatilized from machine coating, absorb and remove malodors from the package contents, delay the oxidation of the contents, and ethylene from the vegetables Gas can be absorbed. As described above, the three-dimensional structure has a bulky nature and a high compressive strength and impact strength, and the function of the hollow inside the needle-like protrusion has a function that is not found in conventional packaging materials and packing materials. It becomes like this.

  The three-dimensional structure of the present invention can also be a structure joined to a sheet-like object even at the tip of the needle-like protrusion. In the space formed inside the seat structure, the heat insulation can be maintained, the dimensional stability is improved, and the movement of the needle-like protrusions to the left and right is prevented, so that the compressive strength is also increased. The type of sheet-like material to be joined is not only a resin sheet similar to the sheet for forming the three-dimensional structure of the present invention, but also a material having air permeability and water permeability such as woven fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven fabric, net, paper, etc., heat resistance If required, a metal such as aluminum foil, a ceramic plate, or the like can be used. In the resin sheet, a perforated film is suitable when air permeability and water permeability are required. A breathable foam sheet can also be used. By joining these air-permeable sheets, it was possible to obtain a “breathing heat insulating board”, and it was possible to obtain a three-dimensional structure having anti-condensation properties by passing almost no air but passing water vapor. . As a result, it does not tingle like glass wool, and the product can be reused as a resin.

  A structure having a function of a filter or a drain material can be obtained by filling the protrusions of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention with a fibrous material. Since the three-dimensional structure of the present invention has a large gap and a high compressive strength, it is used as a filter or drain material with a low rate of impairing air permeability and water permeability by filling the space with a small packing density of fibrous materials. be able to. In this case, it is particularly preferable that the tip end of the needle-like projection is joined to the sheet-like object.

  The characteristics of the structure in which a sheet-like material is bonded to the tip of the protrusion of the single-sided protrusion structure of the present invention are as follows. When a sheet-like object is bonded to the apex of the needle-like protrusion of the present invention, the number of convex portions on one side can be increased as compared with the case of a double-sided protrusion structure, so there are many single-sided junction points, and the double-sided protrusion structure The compressive strength and peel strength are further improved, and the surface of the joining sheet becomes smoother. Moreover, in the single-sided protrusion structure of the present invention, it is possible to easily form a structure having a flat surface on both sides (top and bottom) by simply joining a sheet-like object on one side (projection side). Compared to the need to join sheet-like materials on both sides, it is simple.

  As an example of another structure for joining a sheet-like object to the single-sided protrusion structure of the present invention, two layers of the needle-like protrusion structure of the present invention are faced to each other with the protrusion sides facing each other, and a sheet-like object is bonded therebetween. Structure. This structure has a large number of regular holes on both surfaces, and can be a unique structural material used for, for example, a sound absorbing material.

  As an example of the joining method of the three-dimensional structure and the sheet-like material in the present invention, when extruding and laminating a molten resin, or when heat-melting a resin sheet, The tip of the needle-like protrusion can be melted and joined by the heat capacity of the molten resin sheet. Since the three-dimensional structure according to the present invention can reduce the thickness of the tip portion of the needle-like protrusion, it is particularly effective in such thermal bonding. Moreover, after applying an adhesive such as a hot-melt adhesive or an emulsion adhesive to the tip of the sheet-like material or three-dimensional structure, it is possible to perform bonding and bonding.

  When a sheet made of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention is spread on a flat surface, the structure of the present invention is a single-sided projection, and therefore there are various advantages in joining these sheets. First, joining between sheets is very simple, and specific examples of joining means are illustrated in FIGS. Moreover, these joining is simple and can join firmly, without using bonding agents, such as an adhesive agent. Further, the joined sheet has a feature that there is little difference in height at the joined portion. In addition, in order to improve the adhesiveness of a junction part and to prevent a water leak etc., it is desirable to interpose a sealing agent etc. in a junction part.

  The present invention is characterized in that a three-dimensional structure having needle-like protrusions formed by deforming a part of the resin sheet on one side of the resin sheet can be stably manufactured with high productivity. . Since it can be manufactured stably in this way, it can be a three-dimensional structure composed of needle-like protrusions that are thinner and higher than conventional ones, and it has a high porosity, pressure resistance, etc. It was possible to obtain a structure having characteristics as a three-dimensional structure. The structure according to the present invention can also reduce the thickness of the tip of the needle-like protrusion. Therefore, since the structure according to the present invention uses less resin, it is resource-saving, valuable resources are not wasted, and the environmental load is low when discarded. In addition, it has features such as lightness and high heat insulation. These bulky and light performances are the roles that foams have traditionally played, but foams have problems such as poor surface wear and poor breathability and water permeability. These problems can be solved by using a three-dimensional structure having a completely different form from the foam.

  Thus, by being a three-dimensional structure composed of needle-like protrusions that are thinner than conventional ones, the three-dimensional structure has characteristics as a three-dimensional structure such as pressure resistance, but also has a flexible property. Due to its flexibility, it is possible to wind a long product continuously produced as it is, and there are many features in terms of production characteristics and usage characteristics at construction sites. A conventional three-dimensional structure cannot be wound in a long length, requires extra steps such as cutting, and has various usage dimensions, so that an extra edge can be formed and wasteful. In addition, the term “flexible” means relative, and even if a hard resin such as hard polyvinyl chloride resin or polycarbonate resin is used, the relative structure of the present invention is relatively high compared to the conventional three-dimensional structure. It means that it can be flexible. Furthermore, since the present invention has a large deformation rate during molding and good cooling efficiency, the molded product has a large molecular orientation and a high compressive strength.

  The means for continuously producing the three-dimensional structure of the present invention is produced by continuously sandwiching a resin sheet between needle-shaped molds provided with a pair of conveyors, as in the prior art, because the needles are long. Can not. Therefore, in the present invention, a three-dimensional structure having thin and long protrusions on one side is continuously formed by means of moving the needle-shaped mold on the conveyor perpendicular to the resin sheet while applying a perforated pressing plate behind the resin sheet. In the means for efficiently producing the product, it was possible to produce the product stably and continuously with good productivity by effectively using the pressure chamber and the release plate.

  The compressed air chamber of the present invention can be installed on both the perforated pressing plate side and the substrate side. The air blown out from the pressure chamber facilitates the mold separation between the molded three-dimensional structure and the needle-shaped mold fixed to the perforated pressing plate or the substrate. Particularly when the thin and high needle-like protrusions are formed as in the present invention, this mold separation is particularly effective. In addition, the air blown out from the compressed air chamber is effective for cooling the molded body, the needle-shaped mold, and the perforated pressing plate, and enables stable and high-productivity production. Further, even if this compressed air chamber is a continuous production apparatus, it is not necessary to circulate together with the conveyor, and it is only necessary to fix it at a fixed position of the conveyor, so that the function can be exhibited with a simple structure. In addition, by forming a negative pressure in the compressed air chamber, it is possible to stabilize the formation of the needle-like projections, and to make the needle-like projections uniform in thickness and thin the tip, etc. The quality of improved.

  The mold release plate of the present invention is installed on the substrate side and circulates on the conveyor integrally with the substrate, thereby facilitating mold separation between the molded three-dimensional structure and the needle-shaped mold fixed to the substrate. . Particularly when the thin and high needle-like protrusions are formed as in the present invention, this mold separation is particularly effective. Further, the heat capacity of the release plate as a metal is effective for cooling the molded body, and enables stable and high-productivity production. Also, a release plate can be provided behind the perforated presser plate, and by providing a compressed air chamber behind it, productivity can be improved even in such continuous production equipment, and product quality can be improved. Could stabilize.

  The three-dimensional structure of the present invention is formed by kneading a photocatalytic titanium oxide or activated carbon having a deodorizing function into the resin used to form a sheet. By having large, it becomes a product with a large surface area, and can perform functions of those titanium oxide, activated carbon, etc. greatly. In addition, the three-dimensional structure of the present invention can be used as it is as a packaging material for a precision machine or a cushion material using its flexibility and pressure resistance. It is light and strong against water, and has characteristics as a packaging material. Further, a plurality of the three-dimensional structures of the present invention can be stacked and used for a curing material, a filter, a drain material, etc. by utilizing the air permeability in the sheet surface direction, the water permeability and the pressure resistance in the direction perpendicular to the surface. Moreover, what joined the nonwoven fabric, cloth, a net | network, a film, etc. to the front-end | tip of the acicular protrusion of the three-dimensional structure of this invention can be used for a partition, a heat insulating material, a soft ground reinforcement material, a curing material, etc. Furthermore, the space between the needle-like projections of the present invention is filled with a fibrous material, and if necessary, the tip of the needle-like projection is joined with a sheet-like material, a heat insulating board, filter, sewage treatment, livestock Used for shed floors and manure treatment.

  The three-dimensional structure of the present invention is characterized by having a high protrusion on one surface of a thermoplastic resin sheet. Compared with the conventional manufacturing method of a double-sided protrusion structure, the apparatus is simple and the manufacturing method is also simple. Moreover, since the single-sided protrusion structure of the present invention as a three-dimensional structure has a long protrusion, the single-sided protrusion structure can sufficiently exhibit high bulkiness. Moreover, when connecting the structure of this invention as a sheet | seat, it has the characteristic that a level | step difference can be made small and it can join simply.

  According to the present invention, a unique structure having cavities inside a large number of protrusions can be obtained, and various applications using the cavities can be developed. For example, it can be used as an underlay for packing export machinery parts, and rust preventive oil can accumulate in the cavity of the protruding portion, thereby preventing the rust preventive agent from flowing out to the outside. In this case, the oil retention capability can be further increased by sealing the cavity of the protrusion with a sheet-like material having an oil absorption function such as a nonwoven fabric. Similarly, when the package contents are seafood or vegetables, the liquid leached out from them is absorbed by the non-woven fabric and held inside the needle-like projections of this three-dimensional structure and flows out of the package. Can be prevented. Furthermore, the bottom of the needle-like protrusion is sealed with a microporous membrane, a breathable sheet such as a nonwoven fabric or paper, and the inside cavity of the needle-like protrusion is filled with a gas absorbent such as activated carbon, silica gel, oxygen absorbent , To maintain the dry state of the package contents, absorb the solvent volatilized from machine coating, absorb and remove malodors from the package contents, delay the oxidation of the contents, and ethylene from the vegetables Gas can be absorbed. As described above, the three-dimensional structure has a bulky nature and a high compressive strength and impact strength, and the function of the hollow inside the needle-like protrusion has a function that is not found in conventional packaging materials and packing materials. It becomes like this. Also, if an object such as a coolant or heat storage agent is contained inside the protrusion and a fluid is allowed to flow between the protrusion, the structure of the present invention has a large surface area, so it is used for a heat storage member, a heat exchange member cooling tower, etc. Is done. Furthermore, by enclosing air in this cavity, the three-dimensional structure can be made elastically cushioned, and in that case, the thickness of the resin sheet of the three-dimensional structure can be reduced, which is advantageous from the economical aspect. There is sex.

  In addition, by bonding a sheet-like material to the tip of the needle-like projection of the present invention, a structure having a flat surface on both sides (top and bottom) can be easily manufactured by joining only one side, and compared with a double-sided projection structure. Since the number of protrusions on one side is large, the peel strength and compressive strength from the sheet-like material can be increased, and the surface of the sheet when the sheet-like material is joined has the effect of becoming smoother. In addition, the tip of the protrusions of the two-layer protrusion structure of the present invention face each other and are joined to a sheet-like object, whereby a structural material having a large number of regular holes on both surfaces can be obtained, such as a sound absorbing material, etc. I was able to use it.

  Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a part of a three-dimensional structure 1 manufactured according to the present invention, and has a large number of needle-like protrusions 3a, 3b, 3c,... From a resin sheet 2 toward one side. ing. The needle-like protrusions 3a, 3b, and 3c are arranged at a constant pitch p in the horizontal direction. The needle-like protrusions 3d, 3e, and 3f on the rear side have a constant pitch p in the horizontal direction at a position moved by p / 2 in the lateral direction behind the needle-like protrusions 3a, 3b, and 3c by a p / 2 pitch (pitch q). It is arranged with. Further, the rear needle-like protrusions 3g, 3h, 3i are arranged rearward by a constant pitch p from the row 3a and arranged in the lateral direction at a constant pitch p. That is, the needle-like protrusion 3d is at the center of the square formed by the needle-like protrusions 3a, 3b, 3g, and 3h, and the needle-like protrusion 3e is at the center of the square formed by the needle-like protrusions 3b, 3c, 3h, and 3i. In the case of the double-sided protrusion structure, the protrusions 3d, 3e, and 3f protruded on the back surface side of the resin sheet 2. However, in the single-sided protrusion of the present invention, all protrusions protruded on one side. With respect to, the number of needle-like projections can be increased. However, the arrangement of these needle-like protrusions is a preferable arrangement for providing as many protrusions as possible on the sheet, but is not limited to such an arrangement, and many protrusions are provided on one side of the resin sheet 2. Just go out.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing only the needle-like protrusions 3a, 3b, and 3c in FIG. Taking the needle-like protrusion 3a as an example, the height H of the needle-like protrusion and the width W of the protrusion at the height ½ are shown. The present invention is characterized in that the needle-like protrusions 3 having a large H with respect to the width W can be manufactured stably and continuously with high productivity. Next, the curvature radius of the tip portion 5 of the protrusion is shown by taking the needle-like protrusion 3b as an example. As shown in the enlarged circle shown by the dotted line, a circle 6 inscribed in the surface of the tip 5 is a curvature circle, and its radius R is a curvature radius. The radius of curvature R depends on the value of W. A larger W has a larger R, and preferably R <W / 2. One feature of the present invention is that the thickness of the tip can be reduced by means such as sucking air from a pressure chamber provided behind the perforated pressure plate. Further, taking the needle-like protrusion 3c as an example, an example of a structure in which the tip 7 of the protrusion is sliced and a hole is opened at the tip of the protrusion is shown. The hole can be melted and removed at the tip, or a small hole can be formed at the tip with a needle-like one.

  FIG. 3 shows an example in which the front ends 8a, 8b, 8c of the needle-like protrusions 3a, 3b, 3c constitute the flat portions 9a, 9b, 9c. This is because when the three-dimensional structure of the present invention is bonded to other sheets with an adhesive, the bonding surface is increased due to the flat surface, thereby improving the bonding strength. The flat portion 9 may leave the thickness of the sheet 2, but is preferably smaller than the thickness of the sheet 2 because the thickness is deformed.

  FIG. 4 is a side view showing an example in which a sheet-like object 11 is joined to the tip of the needle-like protrusion of the three-dimensional structure 1 of FIG. As a result of the joining of the sheet-like material 11, since the three-dimensional structure is compressed, all the needle-like protrusions receive the compressive force equally, so that the compression strength is dramatically improved. Further, regarding the bending strength, the tensile strength and the compressive strength of the sheet-like material 11 resist bending, so that the strength becomes extremely large. By using a nonwoven fabric, a net-like material, a perforated film, etc., the sheet-like material 11 can be provided with air permeability and water permeability, and has a function as a filter or a drain material. . By filling the space between the protrusions of these three-dimensional structures with the fibrous material 12, the functions as a filter, a drain material, and a reaction tank could be further improved.

  FIG. 5 is a side view showing an example in which the object 13 is filled in the cavity of the concave portion of the needle-like protrusion of the three-dimensional structure 1 of FIG. It is preferable that the sheet-like object 14 is bonded to the bottom surface side of the needle-like protrusion so that the object 13 is enclosed. When the object 13 is a gas, the sheet-like object 14 is essential. The three-dimensional structure of the present invention is characterized in that such an object 13 can be enclosed inside the needle-like protrusion, and it is difficult to make such a double-sided protrusion structure as such a filling substance enclosure type. Even when the object 13 is simply air, the three-dimensional structure of the present invention comes to have an elastic cushion by being enclosed by the sheet-like material 14, and the compressive strength is greatly improved. In addition, the structure of the present invention can be used as a heat exchange material by filling an object with a liquid such as a heat storage material or a coolant. Even if the object is solid, it can be filled if it has fluidity by heating or the like. In addition, after the object 13 is filled in the three-dimensional structure, the means for joining the sheet-like material 14 can use extrusion lamination, but if the sheet-like material 14 has thermal adhesiveness, it can be joined simply by heating, Moreover, it can also be made to adhere | attach by interposing an adhesive agent in a junction part. Moreover, it can also be set as the structure which can discharge | release a part of object 13 by making it the structure where the hole 7 was opened at the front-end | tip of a needle-like protrusion.

  FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example in which two-layered three-dimensional structures 1 a and 1 b of the present invention are joined to the sheet-like object 11 at the tips of needle-like protrusions. In the drawing, the case where the position of the tip of the upper layer does not coincide with the position of the tip of the lower layer is shown, but it is also possible to make it coincide. In this way, the tip of the needle-like protrusion was joined to the sheet-like object, so that a three-dimensional structure having a larger thickness could be obtained. Moreover, it can be set as the structure which has many cavities c on the surface, and is utilized for a soundproof wall etc. In addition, by filling the space between the protrusions of these needle-like protrusions with a foam material such as a fibrous material or urethane foam shown in FIG. 4, the performance as a soundproof wall and a sound absorbing material can be improved.

  FIG. 7 shows the two-dimensional structure 1c, 1d (corresponding to the sheet A and the sheet B) of the present invention in which the tip of the projection is installed in parallel and the tip of the projection is down. It is sectional drawing which shows the example by which the three-dimensional structure 1c, 1d is connected by laminating | stacking so that a needle-like protrusion may mutually cross | intersect with the three-dimensional structure 1e (corresponding | compatible with the sheet | seat C). The upward and downward directions are relatively easy to understand and include cases where they are opposite to each other. The three-dimensional structure 1e used for the connection may exist only in the connection part of 1c and 1d, but it is also possible to stack a wide area and connect a wide area while connecting one after another in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction. it can. The bottom surface 15 such as the three-dimensional structure 1e may be the resin sheet 2 for molding the three-dimensional structure, or may be one in which another sheet-like material 14 is joined to the bottom surface. When the bottom surface 15 is a resin sheet, the surface has a perforated structure having many cavities, and when another sheet-like material 14 is joined, the surface can be made flat. In this case, the sealing agent layer 16 is interposed on the joint surface, so that water leakage or the like can be prevented. In addition, also when the three-dimensional structures 1c and 1d are double-sided protrusion structures, they can be similarly connected by the needle-like protrusions 1e of the present invention.

  FIG. 8 shows the three-dimensional structure 1h (sheet C) of the present invention in the hollow of the needle-like protrusions of two three-dimensional structures 1f, 1g (corresponding to the sheets A and B) of the present invention installed in parallel. It is sectional drawing which shows the example connected by laminating | stacking so that the needle-like protrusion of (corresponding to 1) may enter. In this way, the two three-dimensional structures 1f and 1g installed in parallel can be firmly obtained by using the narrow three-dimensional structure 1h without changing the height so much at the joint. Can be joined. Moreover, although the figure showed the case where the three-dimensional structure 1h is under the three-dimensional structures 1f and 1g, conversely, the three-dimensional structure 1h can be arranged on the three-dimensional structures 1f and 1g. . In order to facilitate fitting, the needle-like projections of the joining three-dimensional structure 1h are arranged in the same manner as the three-dimensional structures 1f and 1g, but the height H and width W are formed small. It is desirable to keep it. Further, the three-dimensional structures 1f and 1g to be joined can be formed into a structure having a flat surface by joining the sheet-like objects 11a and 11b. In this case as well, a sealing agent is interposed between these joint surfaces to prevent water leakage and the like.

  FIG. 9 shows a part of the apparatus in a side view as an example of the method for producing the three-dimensional structure 1 of the present invention. Needle-shaped molds 23 a, 23 b, and 23 c are provided on the substrate 21, have screw portions 25, and are fixed to the substrate with nuts 26. The acicular molds 23a, 23b, and 23c are only a part of the acicular mold, and the acicular molds are arranged at a constant pitch on the plane of the substrate 21 both in the lateral direction and in the depth direction of the drawing. A hole holding plate 24 is provided on the substrate 21, and holes 27 corresponding to the positions of the respective protrusions of the needle-shaped mold 23 are formed in the hole holding plate 24. The projections of the needle-shaped mold 23 are arranged so as to be fitted into the holes 27 by either one of the vertical movements of the plate 24 or both vertical movements. Then, a molten resin sheet 22 having a temperature equal to or higher than the deflection temperature of the load is guided between the substrate 21 and the perforated pressing plate 24 and is inserted by the vertical movement of the substrate 21 or the perforated pressing plate 24 or both. Thus, the needle-like protrusions 3a and 3b are formed. In FIG. 9, the perforated presser plate 24 is shown in the lowest position. When a protrusion having a certain area is formed by a single vertical movement stroke of the substrate 21 (or the perforated plate holding plate 24 or both), the sheet 21 comes to the lowest position. When the next substrate 21 or the like moves up and down, needle-like projections are formed adjacently in the next fixed area. In this manner, a three-dimensional structure having a large number of needle-like protrusions is continuously formed by repeating the formation of a certain area by the vertical movement stroke of the substrate 21 or the like. As the vertical stroke of the substrate 21 or the like, vertical movement using an air cylinder or hydraulic cylinder, vertical movement using a cam, vertical movement using a magnetic attractive force or repulsive force, or the like can be used. In addition, the needle-like protrusions 3 of the present invention need not always have a constant cross section and size on the base, and may be mixed.

  FIG. 9 shows an example in which the release plate A 28 exists between the substrate 21 and the molten resin sheet 22. After the needle-like protrusion 3 in FIG. 9 is formed, the perforated pressing plate 24 moves upward, and the needle-shaped mold 23 integrated with the substrate moves downward. At the time of the transition, the release plate A 28 moves upward, and the molded product on which the needle-like protrusions 3 are formed is separated from the needle-like mold 23. At that time, the molten resin sheet 22 is cooled by the heat capacity of the release plate A28 to help stable molding. The molding by the needle-shaped mold 23 of the present invention has a high deformation rate, a large surface area, a large cooling efficiency, and further increases the productivity due to the mold releasing effect and the cooling effect due to the upward movement of the mold release plate A28. .

  FIG. 10 shows an example in which a pressure chamber 32 is provided behind the perforated pressing plate 31 in the molding means similar to FIG. 10A is a plan view, and FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view from the side. The hole holding plate 31 has holes 27a, 27b, 27c,... Corresponding to the needle-shaped mold 23. The hole 27 is indicated by a double ring because the hole is chamfered. Indicates that The chamfer is preferably chamfered not only on the side where the needle mold enters, but also on the opposite side. This is because the tip of the needle-like protrusion with the face on the opposite side can be prevented from being caught. In addition to the holes 27, a large number of small holes 34 are formed in the perforated pressing plate 31. The side wall surrounding the compressed air chamber 32 is provided with a seal portion 33 made of fluorine resin, felt, or the like, so that air leakage from the periphery of the compressed air chamber 32 due to the movement of the perforated pressing plate 31 is reduced. It is. Compressed air is guided to the compressed air chamber 32 by the conduit 35, and the molded three-dimensional structure 36 is removed from the perforated pressure plate 31 by the air pressure of the compressed air from the holes 27 and the small holes 34 of the perforated pressure plate 31. Be released. There is also an effect of cooling the molded three-dimensional structure 36 by the air supplied to the compressed air chamber. In this sense, the degree of sealing of the seal portion 33 does not require strictness. Note that a pressure chamber similar to the pressure chamber 32 can be provided behind the substrate 21, and in this case, the substrate 21 is provided with a small hole similar to the small hole 34. When the pressure chambers are provided on both sides as described above, mold release and cooling are smooth, and thus stable production can be performed with good productivity. However, in FIG. 10, only one side is illustrated because it is complicated.

  FIG. 11 is a sectional view from the side showing an example in which a release plate B37 is provided behind the perforated pressing plate 24 in the molding means similar to FIG. After the needle-like protrusions 3a, 3b, and 3c are formed, the substrate 21 on which the needle-like dies 23a, 23b, and 23c are fixed is lowered while the release plate A28 is fixed, and the release plate A28 causes the needle The mold 23 is separated from the needle-like protrusion. At the same time, the perforated presser plate 24 is also lifted, and the release plate B37 is lowered in the process, and the heads of the needle-like protrusions 3a, 3b, 3c are pushed down and separated from the perforated presser plate 24. A compressed air chamber 38 can be provided behind the release plate B37, and air can be blown out from the small holes 39 formed in the release plate B to cool the needle-like protrusions 3. When the release plate B37 is lowered, the release plate A28 is also lowered. Further, in the process of forming the needle-like projection 3 in this figure, the release plate B37 and the pressure air chamber 38 are provided separately, and the pressure air chamber 38 is suctioned with a negative pressure to create a reverse air flow to assist the molding, The protrusion 3 and the perforated pressing plate 24 can be cooled.

12 to 16 show an example of continuously producing the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. FIG. 12 shows the entire apparatus in a side view. A caterpillar 45a is used as the conveyor A that continuously circulates between the rollers 41 and 42, and a caterpillar 45b that is paired with the caterpillar 45a circulates between the rollers 43 and 44 as the conveyor B. The rollers may be sprockets and convey the conveyor with gears. A large number of vertical pins 65 are planted on the caterpillar 45 at regular intervals (only a part is shown in the figure because it becomes complicated). In the caterpillar 45a, a large number of substrates 61 having a large number of needle-like protrusions (not shown in the figure, but partially shown in FIG. 14 ) on the surface shown in FIG. It passes through the vertical pin 65 and is fixed. The base 61 is guided along the guide groove side wall 51 (an example of the shape of the groove is shown in FIG. 13). On the other hand, on the back side of the resin sheet 72, the caterpillar 45b that is the conveyor B that is paired with the conveyor A is not provided with the substrate 61 having the needle-like protrusions, unlike the caterpillar 45a. The perforated pressing plate 68 is provided with holes corresponding to the needle-like projections of the needle-shaped mold 62. And it shows that the resin sheet 72 used as a raw material is shape | molded in the part of the guide groove side wall 51, and becomes the three-dimensional structure 73. FIG. Although not shown in the figure, the mold-shaped mold and the perforated pressing plate that has exited the guide groove side wall 51 after the molding process has been finished are coated with a release agent and cooled with water spray or the like. be able to.

  13 and 14 are perspective views showing parts of the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 13 shows a state where the substrate guide groove 52 and the release plate guide groove 53 are formed on the plate on the guide groove side wall 51. Further, a guide groove 54 for a perforated pressing plate is provided on the lower side. In the process in which the substrate guide groove 52 and the release plate guide groove 53 in FIG. 13 move away after approaching, the path that is different from the approach is to follow the molded three-dimensional structure 73 with the needle of the substrate. This is to facilitate release from the shape mold. In FIG. 14, a release plate having a caterpillar 45, a vertical pin 65 erected thereon, a substrate 61 on which a large number of needle-shaped molds 62 are planted, and a needle-shaped through hole 64 corresponding to the needle-shaped mold 62. 63, a substrate support pin 66 provided on the side surface of the substrate 61, and a release plate support pin 67 provided on the side surface of the release plate 63 are shown. The substrate support pins 66 and the release plate support pins 67 are guided by the respective grooves on the guide groove side walls 51 of FIG. 13, so that the substrates 61 and the perforated pressing plates 68 provided on the upper and lower caterpillars 45a and 64b are formed. Shifting perpendicular to the resin sheet 72, the needle-shaped mold 62 provided on the substrate 61 penetrates the resin sheet 72, and a three-dimensional structure 73 is formed.

FIG. 15 is a portion of the guide groove side wall 51 in the overall view of the apparatus of FIG. 12, which shows the needle mold 62, the release plate 63, and the perforated pressing plate 68 planted on the substrate 61 with respect to the resin sheet 72 It is a side view showing how it works (a cross-sectional view is shown in FIG. 16) . In the process A, the needle-shaped mold 62, the release plate 63 and the perforated pressing plate 68 which are still attached to the substrate 61 at the entrance portion of the guide groove side wall 51 are also separated from the resin sheet 72. In the process B, the upper needle mold 62 and the lower perforated pressing plate 68 move perpendicularly to the resin sheet 72 and penetrate the resin sheet 72 to form a molded three-dimensional structure 73. The three-dimensional structure 73 is cooled by the pressure air from the compressed air chamber A71 provided behind the perforated pressing plate 68 in a state where the needle-shaped mold 62 is penetrated through the resin sheet 72 and becomes the three-dimensional structure 73. , Separated from the perforated pressing plate 68. In the process C, first, the needle-shaped mold 62 and the perforated pressing plate 68 are separated from the molded three-dimensional structure 73, and the release plate 63 remains on the molded three-dimensional structure 73 side. Show. In step D, the release plate 63 is also separated from the three-dimensional structure 73. The vertical shift of the substrate 61, the release plate 63, and the perforated pressing plate 68 with respect to the resin sheet 81 is performed by the guide groove 52 for the substrate, the guide groove 53 for the release plate provided in the guide groove side wall 51, and the hole. This is performed along the trajectory of the guide groove 54 for the opening presser plate.

Moreover, even after the back of the substrate 61 in step B, it can be provided with a pressure chamber B74, which from behind the substrate 61, by air fed from the compressed air chamber B74, serves to release cooling the three-dimensional structure 73 . Although not shown, in the middle of the process A and the process B, in the process in which the needle tip of the needle-shaped mold 62 is fitted into the hole of the resin sheet 72 and the perforated presser plate 68, When air is sucked from another compressed air chamber C provided in, the molding by the needle mold 62 can be aided and the molding can be stabilized. The pressure chamber A71, the pressure chamber B74, and the pressure chamber C are fixed and do not move as the caterpillar 64b advances. The attachment of the compressed air chamber 71 and the like has been described with reference to FIG. 15, and the structure and operation of the compressed air chamber A71 and the like have already been described with reference to FIG. Although not shown, the release plate B and the pressure chamber shown in FIG. 11 can be provided behind the perforated pressing plate 68.

  FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view from the front in step B of the overall view of the apparatus of FIG. 15, in which the guide groove side wall 51, the caterpillar 45 a, the vertical pins 65 standing on it, and a large number of needle-shaped molds 62 are planted. The arrangement of the substrate 61, the release plate 63, the substrate support pins 66 provided on the side surfaces of the substrate 61, the release plate support pins 67 provided on the side surfaces of the release plate 63, and the like are shown. The lower caterpillar 45 b is provided with a perforated presser plate 68 and guided by a perforated presser plate support pin 69. In the process B, a pressurized air chamber can be provided from behind the perforated pressing plate 68. The caterpillar 45b exists only on both side surfaces, and does not collide with the pressure chamber A or the pressure chamber C that is fixed. When the compressed air chamber B is provided behind the substrate 61, the caterpillar 45a is also configured to exist only on both side surfaces.

17 and 18 show other means for continuously forming the sheet-like material of the three-dimensional structure 1 of the present invention. 17 is a side view, and FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along planes AA and BB in FIG. A conveyor 83 circulates between the rollers 81 and 82. At both ends of the conveyor 83, a large number of vertical pins 84a and 84b are planted at regular intervals (in the figure, only a part is shown because it is complicated, but the same as the vertical pins 65 shown in FIG. 14 ). Yes. On the vertical pins 84 of the conveyor 83, substrates 85a and 85b having a large number of needle-like protrusions (not shown in the figure but the same as the needle-like protrusions 62 in FIG. 14 ) on the surface shown in FIG. A hole is drilled and fixed. The conveyor 83 is preferably magnetized by means such as embedding magnetic rubber, magnetic plastic, or magnet, and the substrate 85 is fixed on the conveyor 83 by the magnetism of the conveyor 83 thereby. When the conveyor 83 and the conveyor 86 that is paired with the conveyor 83 and circulates at a constant speed face each other and approach each other, the substrate 85 is separated from the surface of the conveyor 83 by the upward inclination of the gantry 90 that is inclined forward and backward, The vertical pin 84 is gradually shifted in the vertical direction to the raw material resin sheet 2. Thereafter, the substrate 85 is moved to the conveyor 83 side again due to the downward inclination of the gantry 90 after a distance of moving in parallel with the conveyor 83.

  A conveyor 86 paired with the conveyor 83 circulates between the rollers 87 and 88 at the same speed as the conveyor 83. Similarly, a large number of vertical pins 91a and 91b and a number of perforated pressing plates 92a fixed thereto. , 92b. The vertical pins 91 and the perforated pressing plates 92 of the conveyor 86 that circulate in a paired relationship with the conveyor 83 are similarly pushed up by the pedestal 93 and move vertically to the resin sheet 2. Due to the vertical transition of the substrate 85 and the perforated pressing plate 92, the needle-like projections (not shown in the figure) provided on the substrate 85 are formed on the resin sheet 2 through the resin sheet 2 running between the two. A three-dimensional structure 94 that penetrates in the vertical direction and has needle-like protrusions on one surface of the resin sheet 2 is formed. Further, in the drawing, the heating device or the heat retaining device for the inserted resin sheet 2 is omitted, and the cooling device for the resin sheet after the needle-like protrusions of the substrate have penetrated is also omitted.

18A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 17, and FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB. Only the upper device (portion driven by rollers 81 and 82) in FIG . The gantry 90 is installed outside the conveyor 83, and the base 85 slides on the base . When the board 85 returns to the conveyor 83 side, a guide rail that pushes down the board 85 can be provided on the conveyor 83 side opposite to the gantry 90 shown in FIG. In addition, in order to reduce friction, the gantry and the guide rail are preferably composed of small rollers and bearings, and a material with a small friction coefficient or a lubricant can be used. In addition, it is preferable to provide a compressed air chamber behind the substrate 85 and the perforated pressing plate. In this case, the conveyor 83 is configured only on both side surfaces of the roller 81, and the central portion is configured so that there is no conveyor. .

  FIG. 19 shows a means for making a hole at the tip of the needle-like projection of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. The three-dimensional structure 101 has needle-like protrusions 102a, 102b,. In the traveling direction of the three-dimensional structure 101, there is a heating roll 103, which touches the tip of the needle-like protrusion 102, melts and removes the tip of the needle-like protrusion 102, and cools it with the cooling roll 104. A three-dimensional structure 106 having holes 105a, 105b,... Is manufactured. A heating conveyor, hot air flow, torch, etc. can be used instead of the heating roll 103, but all of them should be 30 to 50 ° C. or higher than the melting point of the resin sheet (secondary transition point in the case of an amorphous polymer). Preferably, the temperature is higher than 100 ° C.

  FIG. 20 shows a means for joining a sheet-like material to the three-dimensional structure 101 of the present invention. There is a heating roll 111 in the traveling direction of the three-dimensional structure 101 having needle-like protrusions 102a, 102b,... On one side of the resin sheet, and the sheet-like object 112 is guided to the roll and heated by the heating roll 111 to be softened. Then, the tip of the needle-like protrusion 102 is touched to be joined to the tip of the needle-like protrusion 102, so that the sheet-like object 112 is joined. Unlike the heating roll 103 in FIG. 19, the heating roll 111 does not have to be so high in temperature, but it is necessary to give the sheet-like material 112 sufficient heat for bonding. In addition, when the sheet-like material 112 is a molten resin sheet formed from a T-die, the temperature should have a function of cooling the molten resin. When the sheet-like material 112 changes its properties by heating, such as a microporous film or a nonwoven fabric, or when joining is difficult only by heating, such as a woven fabric or a net, the three-dimensional structure 101 and the sheet-like material 112 It is also possible to guide the adhesive web 114 between them and bond them with the adhesive web 114. When the sheet-like material 112 is characterized by air permeability and water permeability, such as a microporous film and nonwoven fabric, the adhesive web 114 is not nonwoven fabric or net so as not to impair their air permeability. In the case where the adhesive web 114 has a low air permeability, it is preferable that the adhesive web 114 is partially disposed in a band shape and joined instead of the entire surface of the sheet-like material 112. . In addition, the sheet-like material was joined by applying an adhesive to the joining surface of the sheet-like material 102 or the tip of the needle-like protrusion 102 of the three-dimensional structure 101 without using the adhesive web 114. The three-dimensional structure 113 can be manufactured. 20 shows an example in which the sheet-like object 112 is joined to the tip of the needle-like protrusion 102 of the three-dimensional structure 101, but the sheet-like object 112 is formed on the bottom side of the needle-like protrusion 102 in the same manner as that case. Can also be joined.

Polypropylene (Sun Allomer Co., Ltd., PB370A, MFR1.3, density 0.9 g / cm ³ , deflection temperature under load 80 ° C.) was used as the raw material resin. This resin is extruded from a T die at 255 ° C. and led to the three-dimensional structure molding step shown in FIG. 9 so as to form a 100 μm sheet in the molten state. A molding die having one set of the substrate 21 and the needle-shaped mold 23 in FIG. 9 was prepared. The needle diameter of the needle-shaped mold 23 was 2.0 mm, the pitch was 8.4 mm, and the height was 25 mm. The hole 27 (hole diameter 3.2 mmφ, hole chamfering 2 mm on the needle insertion side) of the perforated presser plate 24 (aluminum, plate thickness 12 mm) is faced to the tip of this set of mold dies, and a T-die is interposed therebetween. The needle-shaped mold 23 was fitted into the hole 27 of the perforated pressing plate 24 so as to penetrate the resin sheet in a state where the molten resin sheet 22 led from the resin was sandwiched. The temperature of the molten resin sheet at this time was 233 ° C. Immediately after the insertion (within 10 seconds), the needle-shaped mold 23 inserted into the molten sheet 22 is pushed down in a state where the release plate A28 (material, plate thickness, hole diameter is the same as the perforated pressing plate 24) is supported. As a result, the mold was released while being cooled, and was taken out from the needle-shaped mold 23 and the perforated presser plate 24 as a molded body, resulting in the three-dimensional structure shown in FIG. The height H of this three-dimensional structure was 8 mm, the width W at 1 / 2H was 2.7 mm, and the pitch to the protrusion adjacent to the needle-like protrusion was 8.4 mm. When the release plate A28 was not used, the needle-shaped mold could not be stably removed from the molded body even after 30 seconds. In addition, by providing the release plate 37B and the compressed air chamber 38 on the perforated pressing plate 24 side, the molding is further stabilized, the shapes of the formed needle-like protrusions are uniform, and the thickness difference is reduced.

  The three-dimensional structure having thin and high needle-like projections produced in the present invention is excellent in pressure resistance and has water permeability and heat insulation despite its flexibility, so that it is a buffer sheet, cushion sheet, partition, floor Used for materials. Further, an object is enclosed in a cavity inside the needle-like projection, and another sheet-like material is joined to the bottom surface of the needle-like projection, so that the needle-like projection is used for a packaging material having a new function.

The perspective view of the example of the three-dimensional structure of this invention. The side view which took out a part of acicular protrusion of FIG. The other example of the side view which took out a part of acicular protrusion of FIG. The side view of the example which joined the sheet-like object to the front-end | tip of the three-dimensional structure of this invention. The side view which shows the example by which the object is enclosed in the cavity of the protrusion of the three-dimensional structure of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows the example by which the solid structure of this invention of 2 layers has joined the front-end | tips of a needle-like protrusion to the sheet-like thing. Sectional drawing which shows the example by which the three-dimensional structure of this invention installed in parallel is connected with the three-dimensional structure of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows the other example connected by laminating | stacking the three-dimensional structure of this invention, the two-dimensional structure of this invention installed in parallel. The side view of a part of apparatus in the example of an apparatus which manufactures the three-dimensional structure of this invention in case it has a release plate. It is a conceptual diagram in the case of having a compressed air chamber in another example of the apparatus for producing a three-dimensional structure of the present invention, where A is a plan view and B is a side view. The sectional view from the side in the conceptual diagram in case the release plate and the pressure air chamber are provided behind the perforated pressure plate in another example in the apparatus for producing the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. The side view of the continuous manufacture apparatus of the three-dimensional structure of this invention. The perspective view of the guide groove side wall part of FIG. The perspective view of the shaping | molding member of the apparatus of FIG. The conceptual diagram which shows the shaping | molding process of FIG. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. The side view of the other continuous manufacturing apparatus of this invention. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. The side view of the process which made the example of the means to open a hole in the front-end | tip of the acicular protrusion of this invention made into the conceptual diagram. The side view of the process which made the example of the means to join a sheet-like thing to the front-end | tip of the three-dimensional structure of this invention made into the conceptual diagram.

1: three-dimensional structure, 2: resin sheet, 3: needle-like protrusion, 5: tip of needle-like protrusion,
6: a circle inscribed at the tip of the needle-like protrusion, 7: a hole at the tip of the needle-like protrusion.
8: Tip portion of the needle-like protrusion, 9: Tip flat portion.
11: Sheet material, 12: Fibrous material, 13: Object, 14: Sheet material,
15: Bottom surface, 16: Sealing layer.
21: Substrate, 22: Resin sheet above the softening point, 23: Needle-shaped mold,
24: Perforated pressure plate, 25: Screw part, 26: Nut, 27: Hole,
28: Release plate A.
31: Perforated pressure plate, 32: Pressure air chamber, 33: Seal portion, 34: Small hole,
35: conduit, 36: molded solid structure.
37: Release plate B, 38: Pressure chamber, 39: Small hole.
41, 42, 43, 44: Roller, 45: Caterpillar,
51: Guide groove side wall, 52: Substrate guide groove, 53: Release plate guide groove,
54: Guide groove for perforated pressing plate.
61: Substrate, 62: Needle-shaped mold, 63: Release plate,
64: Needle-shaped through hole, 65a, 65b: vertical pin,
66: substrate support pin, 67: release plate support pin, 68: perforated presser plate,
69: Perforated pressure plate support pin.
71: Pressure chamber A, 72: Resin sheet, 73: Three-dimensional structure, 74: Pressure chamber B
81, 82, 87, 88: Roller, 83, 86: Conveyor,
84a, 84b, 91a, 91b: vertical pins,
85a, 85b: substrate, 92a, 92b: perforated pressure plate,
90, 93: frame, 94: three-dimensional structure.
101: Three-dimensional structure, 102: Acicular protrusion,
103: heating roll, 104: cooling roll,
105: Hole at the tip of the needle-like protrusion 106: Three-dimensional structure having a hole at the tip of the needle-like protrusion
111: heating roll, 112: sheet-like material,
113: a three-dimensional structure in which a sheet-like material is joined to the tip of a needle-like protrusion;
114: Adhesive web.

Claims (5)

A large number of needle-shaped molds are integrated with the substrate on one side of the resin sheet having fluidity when the temperature is higher than the deflection temperature of the resin. on the side, an aperture pressing plate being opened holes at positions corresponding to the needle-like type of projections, as needle-like type supports the resin sheet at the time of penetrating the resin sheet from behind The resin sheet is deformed by moving in a direction perpendicular to the resin sheet so that the needle-shaped mold fits into the hole of the perforated pressing plate, and the needle-shaped protrusion is formed on one side. In the method for producing a three-dimensional structure in which is formed,
A compressed air chamber is provided behind the perforated pressing plate and / or the substrate to cover a number of the holes of the perforated pressing plate or a plurality of the needle-shaped molds of the substrate , The needle-shaped projections on one side are characterized by separating the perforated pressing plate and / or substrate and the molded three-dimensional structure by spraying to the resin sheet side on which the needle-like protrusions are formed. A method for producing a three-dimensional structure having protrusions. A large number of needle-shaped molds are integrated with the substrate on one side of the resin sheet having fluidity when the temperature is higher than the deflection temperature of the resin. on the side, an aperture pressing plate being opened holes at positions corresponding to the needle-like type of projections, as needle-like type supports the resin sheet at the time of penetrating the resin sheet from behind The resin sheet is deformed by moving in a direction perpendicular to the resin sheet so that the needle-shaped mold fits into the hole of the perforated pressing plate, and the needle-shaped protrusion is formed on one side. In the method for producing a three-dimensional structure in which is formed,
A compressed air chamber is provided behind the perforated pressing plate to cover a large number of the holes of the perforated pressing plate or a plurality of the needle-shaped molds of the substrate, and the resin sheet side on which the acicular protrusions are formed A method for producing a three-dimensional structure having needle-like protrusions on one side, wherein air is sucked into the compressed air chamber. A large number of needle-shaped molds are integrated with the substrate on one side of the resin sheet having fluidity when the temperature is higher than the deflection temperature of the resin. on the side, an aperture pressing plate being opened holes at positions corresponding to the needle-like type of projections, as needle-like type supports the resin sheet at the time of penetrating the resin sheet from behind The resin sheet is deformed by moving in a direction perpendicular to the resin sheet so that the needle-shaped mold fits into the hole of the perforated pressing plate, and the needle-shaped protrusion is formed on one side. In the method for producing a three-dimensional structure in which is formed,
A release plate having holes is provided on the surface of the substrate at positions corresponding to the projections of the many needle-like molds, and after the three-dimensional structure is formed, the release plate is perpendicular to the direction of the resin sheet. The method for producing a three-dimensional structure having needle-like protrusions on one side, wherein the substrate and the molded three-dimensional structure are separated by moving to step (1). A large number of needle-shaped molds are integrated with the substrate on one side of the resin sheet having fluidity when the temperature is higher than the deflection temperature of the resin. on the side, an aperture pressing plate being opened holes at positions corresponding to the needle-like type of projections, as needle-like type supports the resin sheet at the time of penetrating the resin sheet from behind The resin sheet is deformed by moving in a direction perpendicular to the resin sheet so that the needle-shaped mold fits into the hole of the perforated pressing plate, and the needle-shaped protrusion is formed on one side. In the method for producing a three-dimensional structure in which is formed,
A release plate that covers a large number of the holes of the perforated presser plate is provided behind the perforated presser plate, and the three-dimensional structure is formed, and then the needle-like projections formed of the release plate are formed. The three-dimensional structure having needle-like protrusions on one side is characterized in that the perforated pressure plate and the molded three-dimensional structure are separated from each other by moving vertically so as to press the tip of Production method. 5. A three-dimensional structure manufacturing method, wherein a compressed air chamber that covers a number of holes of the perforated pressing plate is provided behind the release plate according to claim 4, and air is ejected or sucked from the compressed air chamber. Method.

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