JP4641246B2 - Circuit simulator and program for circuit simulator - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a program to realize and circuit simulator circuit simulator is used to analyze the electrical device including a coil such as an electric motor or a generator. In particular, the present invention relates to a technique for determining an equivalent circuit of a coil that constitutes a magnetic circuit in an electric device, and a commercially available ordinary circuit simulator for further fitting an analysis model by a circuit simulator to an actual electric motor and generator. The present invention relates to techniques for improving program performance and practicality.

  When home appliance manufacturers, automobile manufacturers, etc. use electric motors in their products, for example, a detailed examination of the operating characteristics of the electric circuit is generally performed using a circuit simulator before the actual machine is manufactured. Is called. In this case, in the circuit simulator, the electric motor is handled as an apparatus including an electrical element included in the mechanical structure portion and a control circuit that performs power feeding control on the mechanical structure portion. When the electric motor is calculated by the circuit simulator, the electric motor is expressed as an electric equivalent circuit, and usually the electric elements of the electric motor in the circuit simulator are used.

  The circuit simulator is realized by executing a simulation program for performing a simulation process on the configuration and operation of an electric circuit equivalent to an electric motor by a computer. The user operator installs the simulation program on a computer, starts and executes it, and simulates the operation of the electric motor through the electrical equivalent circuit while observing the state of the electrical equivalent circuit displayed on the screen of the computer display unit. Do. For the circuit simulator, commercially available software is generally used. For example, products such as “PSIM” (manufactured by POWERSIM INC) and “Matlab (registered trademark) / Simulink (registered trademark)” (manufactured by The MathWorks, Inc.) are sold as this circuit simulator.

  In a conventional commercially available circuit simulator, it is possible to set several electrical characteristics for the motor element. According to the circuit simulation, the calculation of the electric circuit is matched with the actual measurement value, and the performance of the product is evaluated without going through trial production. Thereby, the performance evaluation of the electric circuit can be performed in advance, and the performance evaluation can be performed in a short cycle with a short calculation time.

  However, according to the conventional circuit simulator, the electric characteristic value to be set is a constant value based on the lumped constant, and is set so that the electric characteristic value cannot be changed during the simulation by the computer. However, in an actual motor of an electric motor, the electric characteristic values of the motor elements such as inductance change from time to time. For this reason, there has been a problem in that there is a difference between the calculation result obtained by the conventional circuit simulator and the actual measurement value in the actual machine, and the calculation accuracy is poor.

  As a solution to the above-described conventional problems, the electrical characteristics of the electric motor are analyzed in advance (electromagnetic field analysis) by applying the finite element method, and data on the electrical characteristics of the electric motor that changes every moment is acquired. Thus, a method has been proposed in which the data of the electrical characteristic value is connected to a circuit simulator (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). More specifically, the electric characteristic value of the electric motor corresponding to the situation is extracted based on the finite element method, a database of the electric characteristic value is created, and the circuit simulator performs calculation referring to the database.

  The magnetic field analysis based on the finite element method can analyze a single characteristic of the mechanical structure portion of the electric motor, but it takes enormous time if it is directly coupled with an electric circuit.

Further, when connecting the magnetic field analysis of the finite element method and the circuit simulator, there is a problem that it is necessary to extract electrical characteristic data in advance as described above. Also, a database of electrical characteristics is created. Since the database has nonlinearity, it is necessary to perform iterative calculation with a circuit simulator. Therefore, when the nonlinear iterative calculation cannot be executed on the circuit simulator, the data of the nonlinear characteristic cannot be handled.
JP 2003-75521 A JP 2003-85218 A

  Normally, the variable circuit elements provided to the user by a conventional commercially available circuit simulator are only a current source and a voltage source, and there are no variable inductance elements. The inductance element has been treated as an element having a fixed value. However, the actual characteristics of the coils constituting the magnetic circuit handled by an electric device such as an electric motor are not constant values but variable values. Therefore, in order to handle an inherently variable inductance element with a circuit simulator, some modeling is required.

  Therefore, the present inventors can first analyze an electric device including a coil such as an electric motor, so that it is not necessary to perform iterative calculation when handling nonlinear characteristic data regarding the coil, and the value of the inductance component is set as a variable value. The equivalent circuit of the coil etc. which can implement | achieve actual modeling was proposed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-4738, filed on January 12, 2005).

  On the other hand, the circuit simulator of an electric device having three coils configured by Y-shaped connection (star connection) or delta connection inherently has a relative magnitude between the power supplied from the outside and the power generated on the coil side. It functions as an electric motor or a generator according to the relationship. For this reason, when the analysis is performed by the circuit simulator, it is very important to set the analysis condition of the model as to whether the simulation analysis as an electric motor or the simulation analysis as a generator is performed. From such a viewpoint, it is desired to provide a circuit simulator capable of appropriately setting analysis conditions.

The object of the present invention is to set the current optimally in a circuit simulator for an electric motor or a generator when there is no energization according to the energization state of each phase of the three-phase AC current energized as the excitation current. and can be a model state to accurately set the drive state of the electric motor or generator is a circuit connection of the excitation winding Y-connection or circuits simulator that can be associated to a delta connection, and circuit The purpose is to provide a simulator program.

A circuit simulator according to the present invention (corresponding to claim 1 ) is a circuit simulator for analyzing an electric device including a coil constituting a magnetic circuit, and the electric device is represented by a motor model including three coils. The equivalent circuit of two coils is composed of an inductance component. The equivalent circuit of the inductance component is a current source that outputs a current, a voltage extractor that extracts a terminal voltage of the current source, and a voltage value that is output from the voltage extractor. A current generator for determining a current value of the current source based on the current source, and a resistance element and a switch element connected in parallel to the current source are provided.

In another circuit simulator according to the present invention (corresponding to claim 2 ), the current generator preferably has a database in which an arbitrary physical quantity such as a voltage is input and nonlinear electrical characteristics are expressed as an output current. It is characterized by being.

Another circuit simulator according to the present invention (corresponding to claim 3 ), in the above configuration, is preferably characterized in that the equivalent circuit of the coil further includes a resistance component and an induced voltage component.

Another circuit simulator according to the present invention (corresponding to claim 4 ) preferably includes a current determination unit for determining a current-carrying state of the current supplied to each of the three coils in the above-described configuration, and a voltage extractor When a current off signal output from the current determination unit is input, the current generator sets the current value of the current source to zero.

In another circuit simulator according to the present invention (corresponding to claim 5 ), in the above configuration, preferably, when the current determination unit outputs a current-off signal for all of the three coils, each switch of the three coils A switching unit that turns on all the elements is provided.

Another circuit simulator according to the present invention (corresponding to claim 6 ) is preferably provided with a connection switching section for making the connection structure of three coils into Y-shaped connection or delta connection in the above configuration. And

Furthermore, the circuit simulator program according to the present invention is a program for causing a computer to realize the various functions of the circuit simulator described above (corresponding to claims 7 to 12 ).

According to the present invention, when analyzing an electric device including a coil such as an electric motor or a generator using a commercially available circuit simulator, a variable inductance component can be handled by an equivalent circuit of the coil constituting the magnetic circuit. Therefore, it is possible to analyze the electrical equipment in the actual operating environment, no iterative calculation is required when dealing with nonlinear characteristic data, it is possible to realize practical modeling with variable inductance values, and versatility. An extremely high circuit simulator can be realized.
In particular, when analyzing the electrical equipment using a commercially available circuit simulator, when creating an equivalent circuit model of the electrical equipment including the coils constituting the magnetic circuit and connecting it to the circuit simulator, the equivalent of the electrical equipment When creating a circuit model, considering the actual machine, the non-linearity of the inductor inductance component of the coil becomes a very important factor and may not be handled well by a commercially available circuit simulator. According to the present invention, for a commercially available circuit simulator, a new and useful equivalent circuit model is proposed as an equivalent circuit of a coil included in an electric device to be analyzed, whereby an equivalent circuit of the electric device and a commercially available circuit are proposed. Improve connectivity with the simulator, and easily handle the non-linearity of the inductance component of the coil without changing the non-linear calculation without changing the software of the commercially available circuit simulator itself. Can be very high.
Further, according to the present invention, when the drive current is not supplied to the coil of each phase from the control circuit unit to the motor model unit in the circuit simulator, this is detected and the current source of the inductance component of the coil is forced. The stability of the circuit analysis is achieved by setting it to zero.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, when it is desired to evaluate the performance as a generator, the current source in the equivalent circuit of the coil is disconnected from the circuit so that only the induced voltage component can be calculated.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, when the motor model part is composed of three coils and the connection structure of the three coils can be switched to the Y-shaped connection or the delta connection, each phase can be obtained with good accuracy according to the connection structure. The current value of the current source for the coil can be set.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments (examples) of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  A representative embodiment of an analysis circuit simulator according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 shows an equivalent circuit of the entire circuit simulator, and FIG. 2 shows an equivalent circuit of an electric motor model (or generator model) included in the circuit simulator shown in FIG. The circuit simulator shown in FIG. 1 is created based on the aforementioned “PSIM”, which is commercially available circuit simulator software.

  In this embodiment, the circuit simulator analyzes an electric device including a coil that constitutes a magnetic circuit. Here, an electric motor and a generator will be described as representative examples of the electric equipment. The circuit configuration of the electric motor and the generator is basically the same. Whether it is an electric motor or a generator is determined depending on the relative magnitude relationship between the electric power supplied from the outside and the electric power generated on the coil side.

  In this embodiment, the electric motor is, for example, a three-phase synchronous motor. In the three-phase synchronous motor, three coils of each phase of U, V, and W are connected by Y-shaped connection (star connection) or delta connection. In the configuration of the circuit simulator of this embodiment, Y-connection or delta connection can be arbitrarily selected according to the analysis conditions. An ON / OFF voltage having a sinusoidal characteristic of each phase forming a three-phase alternating current is applied to each phase coil of the electric motor, and the phase of each sinusoidal ON / OFF voltage is shifted by 120 °. A rotating magnetic field is generated inside the motor. A three-phase synchronous motor has a rotor formed of magnets. The rotor rotates when the magnetic field generated by the magnet responds to the rotating magnetic field.

  The circuit simulator 500 shown in FIG. 1 includes a motor model unit 510, a control circuit unit 530, current detection units 550U, 550V, and 550W, and current value presence / absence determination units 560U, 560V, and 560W.

  The circuit simulator 500 is created by a user using commercially available circuit simulator software. A part that a user of the circuit simulator 500 mainly creates is a control circuit unit 530. The motor model unit 510 is provided as a part having the characteristic configuration of the present invention as described later. The current detection units 550U, 550V, and 550W and the current value presence / absence determination units 560U, 560V, and 560W are for driving the motor supplied from the control circuit unit 530 to the motor model unit 510 in relation to the characteristic configuration of the motor model unit 510. Circuit elements that detect the current state (current value) of each phase of the three-phase AC current, determine the presence or absence of the detected current value for each phase, and supply the determination signal to the motor model unit 510. is there.

  The motor model unit 510 is a part showing a model of the above three-phase synchronous motor. The motor model unit 510 is output from the three terminals 51U, 51V, 51W for inputting the motor driving three-phase alternating current supplied from the control circuit unit 530, and the current value presence / absence determination units 560U, 560V, 560W. It has three terminals 511U, 511V, and 511W for inputting a determination signal related to the energized state of each phase. In the motor model part 510, the part 512 is a motor part, and the part 513 is a shaft part.

  The control circuit unit 530 is configured as a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) drive control circuit that generates a three-phase alternating current. The control circuit unit 530 includes a DC power supply 531 and a three-phase AC inverter circuit 532. The three-phase AC inverter circuit 532 is formed as a bridge circuit using six switch elements 533 such as power MOS transistors. In the three-phase AC inverter circuit 532, an ON / OFF signal of a required level is input to each gate of the six switch elements 533 at an appropriate timing based on each corresponding ON / OFF signal generator 534. As a result, the U-phase current, V-phase current, and W-phase current that have been subjected to pulse amplitude modulation are output from the U-phase output terminal 535U, the V-phase output terminal 535V, and the W-phase output terminal 535W of the inverter circuit 532, respectively.

  Between control circuit section 530 and motor model section 510, U-phase output terminal 535U is connected to terminal 51U, V-phase output terminal 535V is connected to terminal 51V, and W-phase output terminal 535W is connected to terminal 51W. . As a result, the U-phase current, V-phase current, W-phase for motor excitation driving modulated in pulse amplitude and output from each of the U-phase output terminal 535U, V-phase output terminal 535V, and W-phase output terminal 535W in the control circuit unit 530, The phase current is supplied to the motor model unit 510. Thus, the motor model unit 510 is PAM driven by the control circuit unit 530.

  In the above, the current detection unit 550U is provided on the output line of the U-phase output terminal 535U in the control circuit unit 530, and the current detection unit 550V is provided on the output line of the V-phase output terminal 535V. A current detector 550W is provided on the output line of the output terminal 535W.

Each of the current value presence / absence determination units 560U, 560V, and 560W includes one comparison circuit 561 and one absolute value circuit 562, respectively. The current detection signals output from the corresponding current detection units 550U, 550V, and 550W are input to one input terminal (+ terminal) of the comparison circuit 561 after the absolute value circuit 562 performs absolute value conversion. A current threshold signal supplied from the current threshold supply unit 563 is input to the other input terminal (− terminal) of the comparison circuit 561. Current value presence / absence determination units 560U, 560V, and 560W compare the current detection value with the current threshold value, and when the current detection value falls below the current threshold value, the minute current value regarding the energization state of each phase is regarded as 0. Then, a current off signal is supplied to the terminals 511U, 511V, and 511W of the motor model unit 510 as the determination signal. Here, the “minute current value” is, for example, a value of about 1/10 ⁴ to 1/10 ⁵ compared to the current value to be detected, and is a current to be calculated in circuit simulation. The current value is sufficiently small compared to the value.

  Next, an equivalent circuit of the electric motor in the circuit simulator 500, that is, the motor model unit 510 will be described with reference to FIG. The equivalent circuit of the electric motor shown in FIG. 2 represents the rotational behavior of the rotor in the three-phase synchronous motor described above.

In FIG. 2, each of the blocks 11U, 11V, and 11W represents a coil of each phase of U, V, and W by an equivalent circuit.
The configuration of the equivalent circuit of the three coils 11U, 11V, and 11W is the same. Therefore, FIG. 3 shows only the U-phase coil 11U and a circuit portion related thereto in an enlarged manner, and only the coil 11U is representatively described.

  In the circuit simulator according to the present embodiment, the equivalent circuit of the coil 11U of the electric motor is preferably composed of a resistance component 12, an induced voltage component 13, and an inductance component 14, as shown in FIG.

  An example in which the circuit configuration of the equivalent circuit of the coil 11U is expressed by the resistance component 12, the induced voltage component 13, and the inductance component 14 is a representative example, and is not limited thereto. That is, in the case of the electric motor model, the inductance component 14 is essential in the equivalent circuit of the coil 11U, but the other resistance component 12 and the induced voltage component 13 are not essential elements and can be arbitrarily changed. On the other hand, when treated as a generator model, the induced voltage component 13 is indispensable. On the other hand, when it is desired to extract and evaluate only the magnitude of the induced voltage, in order to improve the stability of circuit simulation, Therefore, the inductance component 14 needs to be separated.

  Here, the expression of an equivalent circuit of the coil 11U will be described with reference to FIGS.

  In the circuit simulator according to the present embodiment, a model of an equivalent circuit of the coil 11U of the present embodiment is conceptually shown as shown in FIG. That is, the equivalent circuit model of the coil 11U includes a resistance component (R), an induced voltage component (−dΦ / dt), and an inductance component (L). The induced voltage component (-dΦ / dt) takes into account the voltage generated by the change of the linkage flux given from the outside to the coil 11U. For example, in the case of an electric motor, an induced voltage is generated because the amount of magnetic flux received from a magnet magnetic field during rotation changes. Further, it is assumed that the inductance component (L) is not a fixed constant value but a variable value. Between the equivalent circuit model of the coil 11U shown in FIG. 4 and the equivalent circuit of the coil 11U shown in FIG. 3, the resistance component (R) corresponds to the resistance component 12, and the induced voltage component (−dΦ / dt ) Corresponds to the induced voltage component 13, and the inductance component (L) corresponds to the inductance component 14.

  In the equivalent circuit model of the coil 11U, in the case of an electric motor, the inductance component (L) is essential from the viewpoint of versatility of the equivalent circuit model, but the other resistance component (R) and the induced voltage component (− dΦ / dt) is not essential. Therefore, the equivalent circuit model of the coil can be expressed and configured only by the inductance component (L).

  Next, the inductance component (L) in the equivalent circuit model of the coil 11U will be considered. Let us look at the inductance component (L) in relation to voltage and current. FIG. 5 shows an inductance component (L) to which a constant voltage (V) is applied from the constant voltage source 15. When a constant voltage (V) is applied to the inductance component (L) by the constant voltage source 15, the current (I) flowing through the inductance component (L) is obtained as I = (1 / L) ∫Vdt. Here, the symbol “∫” means an integral operation symbol.

  In a commercially available circuit simulator software such as “PSIM”, when the inductance component (L) of the coil is variably expressed, the equivalent circuit is as shown in FIG. The equivalent circuit of the inductance component (L) is expressed using a current source (variable current source). That is, the equivalent circuit of the inductance component (L) has a voltage extractor (or voltage measuring device) 21 that takes in a voltage (V) that is a voltage between its terminals with respect to the constant voltage source 15, and an output of the voltage extractor 21. A current generator 22 that determines and outputs a current value of the current (I) based on the voltage (V) to be output, and a current source (variable current source) determined by the current value of the current (I) output from the current generator 22 23. The voltage value (V) input to the current generator 22 is given based on the current value (I) of the current source 23. The current value (I) determined by the current generator 22 changes the current value of the current source 23. The current generator 22 calculates the current value I for the input voltage value V based on the above equation “(1 / L) ∫Vdt” and outputs it. Actually, the current generator 22 is prepared as a database on the circuit simulator, and determines a current value with respect to the input voltage value V. In the calculation procedure of the circuit simulator, the voltage (V) is obtained by calculating the voltage (V) based on the current value (IK) of the current source 23 in the first step, and the voltage (VK) is obtained in the second step. ) To determine the current value (IK + 1) and repeat this. Therefore, the current source 23 is configured as a variable current source.

  However, when the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 6 is applied to a commercially available circuit simulator, the following problem occurs.

  The voltage supplied to the coils of each phase in the electric motor (three-phase synchronous motor) according to the present embodiment is an on / off voltage supplied from the three-phase bridge circuit (the aforementioned inverter circuit 532) in the motor drive circuit. is there. Therefore, when the inductance component of the coil (for example, the coil 11U) including the supplied on / off voltage is shown in an equivalent circuit, it is as shown in FIG. FIG. 7 shows only the constant voltage source 15 and the current source 23 in the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. Between the constant voltage source 15 and the current source 23, an element (IGBT or the like) composed of a switch element 24 and a parallel resistor 25 is connected. In the switch element 24, a closed state indicated by a solid line indicates an ON operation state, and an open state indicated by a broken line indicates an OFF operation state. When an on-voltage is applied to the coil (11U) (when the switch element 24 is in an on-operation) (voltage V1 shown in FIG. 8A), the current flowing through the coil is calculated based on the above integral formula. . Next, when the applied voltage of the coil (11U) is turned off (0) (when the switch element 24 is in the off operation and time t1 shown in FIG. 8A), the current flowing through the coil (11U) is integrated. And a large value continues for an arbitrary time (FIG. 8B), and a relatively large negative voltage is generated by a current flowing through the parallel resistance 25 of the switch element 24 (FIG. 8). 8 (C) voltage V2). Further, there is a time difference between the time (t1) when the applied voltage of the coil (11U) is turned off and the time (t2) when the negative voltage is generated. For this reason, the circuit simulator obtains a current value as the current source 23 based on the negative voltage value (V2) in the next stage. As a result, a phenomenon occurs in which the voltage (V) input to the current generator 22 oscillates greatly. When such a vibration phenomenon occurs, the calculation fails on the circuit simulator.

  In order to solve the above-described problem caused by changing the inductance component of the coil in a commercially available circuit simulator, an equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 9 is proposed as an ideal basic circuit. The equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 9 corresponds to the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 7. A moderately high resistance element 26 is connected in parallel to the current source 23, and the diode element 27 is not energized in a normal state. Is added. As described above, since the unidirectional energization path 28 is provided in the reverse direction in parallel with the current source 23, when the switch element 24 is turned off, a regenerative current based on a negative voltage flows as indicated by an arrow 29, and flows through the parallel resistor 25. It is possible to prevent current from flowing. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the vibration phenomenon caused by the negative voltage generated when the switch element 24 is turned off.

  As an equivalent circuit of the inductance component (L) portion of the coil 11U, the current source 23 portion does not have directionality with respect to the inductance component itself, so in consideration of this directionality, actually, as shown in FIG. Composed. In the unidirectional energization path composed of the diode elements D1, D2 and the resistance elements R1, R2, two sets (31, 32) are connected in parallel in each direction. Switch elements SW1 and SW2 are connected to the current paths 31 and 32, respectively. The switch elements SW1 and SW2 are switched on / off according to the energization direction.

  As described above, the inductance component (L) shown in FIG. 4 is ideally set as shown in FIG. 11 by the constant voltage source 15, the voltage extractor 21, the current generator 22, and the current source 23 described in FIG. In addition, it is desirable that the current paths 23 and 32 are connected to the current source 23 in parallel. With this circuit configuration, resistances (R1, R2) having large resistance values corresponding to the energization direction are connected in parallel to the coil current source 23, and when the energization from the constant voltage source 15 is turned off, that is, no current is generated. The current flowing during energization (such as the regenerative current 29) is attenuated.

  However, in the expression of the motor model unit 510 in the actual circuit simulator 500, simplification of the circuit configuration and practicality are required. From the viewpoint of simplifying the circuit configuration and the viewpoint of practicality, the equivalent circuit of the inductance component (L) shown in FIG. 11 can also be used as an equivalent circuit as shown in FIG. In the equivalent circuit of the inductance component (L) shown in FIG. 12, a resistance element R 3 having a required size is connected in parallel to the current source 23. With this configuration, the current that flows when no current is applied is caused to flow through the resistance element R3 to cause the above-described attenuation state, and the current value of the current source 23 is strictly set to zero.

  Furthermore, in the equivalent circuit of the inductance component (L) shown in FIG. 12, the switch element SW3 is connected in parallel to the current source 23 and the resistance element R3. The switch element SW3 is turned on / off based on conditions described later. When the switch element SW3 is in the OFF state, the current source 23 in the coil exists as an effective circuit in the equivalent circuit of the motor model unit 510. On the contrary, when the switch element SW is in the ON state, the current source 23 in the coil is treated as invalid by the equivalent circuit of the motor model unit 510. That is, when the non-energized state occurs in the three coils (11U, 11V, 11W) (when the energization from the external constant voltage source 15 is in the off state), the switch element SW3 is turned on, The current source 23 is disconnected from the circuit simulator.

  Again, referring back to FIG. 2 and FIG. In FIG. 2, the inductance component 14 of the coil 11U includes a current source 23, a resistance element R3, and a switch element SW3. The equivalent circuits of the other coils 11V and 11W are also constituted by the resistance component 12, the induced voltage component 13, and the inductance component 14.

  The overall configuration of the motor model unit 510 will be described with reference to FIG. In parallel to the coil 11U described above, V-phase and W-phase coils 11V and 11W having the same circuit configuration as the coil 11U are provided. Each of the three terminals 51U, 51V, and 51W is a power supply terminal that supplies an excitation on / off voltage (V) from the external control circuit unit 530 to the coils 11U, 11V, and 11W, as described above. .

  A circuit element 52 indicated by a block conceptually indicates an external program. Hereinafter, it is referred to as “external program 52”. This external program 52 corresponds to the above-described current generator 22 and applies an applied voltage (V) or the like to the current source 23 of the inductance component 14 of each of the coils 11U, 11V, and 11W by the output signal line group 53. It is a circuit element that functions as a “non-linear database” for giving a current value (I) corresponding to. The external program 52 also has a function of giving the value of the induced voltage component 13 described above by the output signal line group 56. In addition, as an input signal of the external program 52, a signal related to the applied voltage from each of the terminals 51U, 51V, 51W is input to the external program 52 by the input signal line group 54. A part 54a in the input signal line group 54 is a part for extracting a terminal voltage at each connection. Torque information is input from the external program 52 to the block 55 through the signal line 55b, angle information is obtained by solving the equation of motion in the circuit of the block 55, and this angle information is input to the external program 52 through the signal line 55a.

  Signals relating to the current value (I) given to the current sources 23 of the coils 11U, 11V, 11W by the signal lines of the output signal line group 53 are given via the signal converter 61, respectively. .

  The signal conversion unit 61 performs signal conversion based on the input signal related to the current value (I) and outputs a signal designating the current value (I) to the current source 23. The current source 23 determines the current value (I) to be output based on the signal output from the signal converter 61. Thus, the current source 23 determines the current value based on the signal given from the external program 52 which is a database. Thereby, the inductance component 14 of the U-phase coil 11U in which an equivalent circuit is expressed using the current source 23 is made variable according to the rotor of the electric motor, the current value, and the like.

  A current off signal is supplied to the three terminals 511U, 511V, and 511W of the motor model unit 510 from the current value presence / absence determination units 560U, 560V, and 560W, respectively, when the detected current value is equal to or less than the current threshold value. Therefore, it is possible to detect the energization state of each phase of the U phase, the V phase, and the W phase by signals input to the three terminals 511U, 511V, and 511W.

  Signals input to the three terminals 511U, 511V, and 511W are input to the external program 52. As will be described later, when the current off signal is input to each of the terminals 511U, 511V, and 511W, the external program 52 strictly determines the current value of the current source 23 in the inductance component 14 of the corresponding phase coil 11U, 11V, 11W. Set to 0.

  The signals input to the three terminals 511U, 511V, and 511W are input to the OR gate 62. The output signal of the OR gate 62 is inverted in signal state by the NOT circuit 63 and then amplified to a required level by the amplifier 64, and then supplied to the switch element SW3 of each inductance component 14 of the three coils 11U, 11V, 11W. Is done. The output signal of the OR gate 62 determines the on / off state of the switch element SW3 of each inductance component 14 of the coils 11U, 11V, 11W. When any of the signals input to the terminals 511U, 511V, and 511W is not the current off signal (0), the output of the NOT circuit 63 is 0, and all the switch elements SW3 of the coils 11U, 11V, and 11W are turned off. Retained. When all of the signals input to the terminals 511U, 511V, and 511W are the current off signal (0), the output of the NOT circuit 63 is 1, and all the switch elements SW3 of the coils 11U, 11V, and 11W are in the on state. Can be switched to. When all the switching elements SW3 of the inductance components 14 of the coils 11U, 11V, and 11W are turned on, the current sources 23 of the inductance components 14 of the coils 11U, 11V, and 11W are disconnected from the motor model unit 510. This means that the motor model unit 510 is not used for driving evaluation of a normal electric product but for evaluation of an induced voltage of a generator. When the current source 23 of the inductance component 14 is disconnected, the motor model unit 510 enters an induced voltage calculation mode.

  In the above sense, the circuit portion 65 including the OR gate 62, the NOT circuit 63, and the amplifier 64 functions as a power generation state setting unit.

  Further, in the motor model unit 510, three switch elements SW4 and two switch elements SW5 for determining the connection relation between the three coils 11U, 11V, and 11W are provided. The on / off states of the three switch elements SW4 and the two switch elements SW5 are determined by a signal SG1 supplied from the outside. Since the NOT circuit 66 is provided, the on / off states of the three switch elements SW4 and the two switch elements SW5 are opposite to each other. When SG1 is “0”, the three switch elements SW4 are turned off, and the two switch elements SW5 are turned on. In this case, the connection structure of the three coils 11U, 11V, and 11W is a Y-shaped connection (star connection). When SG1 is “1”, the three switch elements SW4 are turned on, and the two switch elements SW5 are turned off. In this case, the connection structure of the three coils 11U, 11V, and 11W is a delta connection. As described above, the connection structure of the three coils 11U, 11V, and 11W can be switched to the Y-shaped connection or the delta connection by the signal SG1.

  Next, the overall operation and characteristic operations of the circuit simulator 500 and the motor model unit 510 having the above circuit configuration will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. 13 and 14.

  The flowchart shown in FIG. 13 shows the “normal driving state” of the circuit simulator 500. “Normal driving state” means a state in which the motor model unit 510 operates as an equivalent circuit of an electric motor.

  In the first step S11, the circuit simulator 500 calculates the current distribution and the potential state of the entire circuit such as the motor model unit 510 and the control circuit unit 530. This calculation is a normal operation characteristic by the circuit simulator 500.

  In a normal driving state by the circuit simulator 500, current supply states of currents of the three-phase AC phases (U phase, V phase, W phase) supplied from the control circuit unit 530 to the motor model unit 510 at an appropriate timing Is monitored (step S12). The current state monitoring of each phase is performed by the current detection units 550U, 550V, and 550W and the current value presence / absence determination units 560U, 560V, and 560W. In step S12 for monitoring the energization state of the current of each phase, a current off signal is output when the current value of each phase is equal to or less than the current threshold, and an energization on signal is output in other cases. Signals related to the energization state of the current of each phase (current off signal, energization on signal) are supplied to terminals 511U, 511V, and 511W of motor model unit 510 (step S13).

  A signal related to the energization state of the current of each phase is supplied to the external program (nonlinear database) 52 of the motor model unit 510 via the terminals 511U, 511V, and 511W (step S14). In the external program 52, when the “current off signal” is supplied, a process for forcibly treating the current value of the current source 23 as 0 with respect to the coil of the related phase is performed (step S15).

  Next, the connection information of the three coils 11U, 11V, and 11W input to the three terminals 511U, 511V, and 511W is provided to the external program 52 (step S16). The connection information is given by the signal state of the signal SG1 described above. Further, in the input signal line group 54, the terminal voltages of the three coils 11U, 11V, and 11W are provided to the external program 52 via the terminals 51U, 51V, and 51W (step S17).

  The external program (non-linear database) 52 considers the connection structure of the three-phase coils 11U, 11V, and 11W, that is, Y-connection or delta-connection, and follows the current conservation law, and the three-phase 3 The current value of each current source 23 of the two coils 11U, 11V, 11W is calculated (step S18). In the calculation of the current value of the current source 23 of each phase, when the “current off signal” is given, the current value is forcibly set to 0 according to the process of step S15.

  In the last step S19, the external program 52 gives the current value of each phase obtained by the calculation to the current source 23 of the coils 11U, 11V, and 11W via the output signal line group 53, and the current source 23 Set the current value. Thereafter, the flowchart returns to the first step S11.

  According to the operation characteristics of the circuit simulator 500 described above, the motor model unit 510 that operates as an electric motor forces the current source 23 to be forced when the three-phase three coils 11U, 11V, and 11W are not energized. Set to 0. When three coils are three-phase connected as in a three-phase synchronous motor, even if the current value is zero, the potential difference between the phases may not be exactly zero due to a numerical error. Therefore, in the configuration of the conventional circuit simulator, since the nonlinear database obtains the current value based on the potential of each phase, the minute current value is calculated based on the minute voltage value due to the numerical error. Since the external circuit is in an open state, the current related to the calculated current value is energized to the resistance element (R3) connected in parallel to the current source 23. Since the resistance element (R3) is set to a large resistance value, an apparently very large potential is generated at both ends of the current source 23 as a result. Therefore, in the circuit simulator 500 according to the present embodiment, as described above, when the energization state from the external control circuit unit 530 to the coil is not energized, the current source 23 is controlled to be forced to zero.

  Further, according to the circuit simulator 500, the connection structure of the three-phase three coils 11U, 11V, and 11W is linked with the non-linear database that is the external program 52 in consideration of the Y-connection or the delta connection. I did it. Thereby, the current value of the current source 23 of each phase can be set accurately. When multiple coils are connected and the coils are individually evaluated and current values are extracted from a non-linear database, current simulation rules are not necessarily applied to the entire coil when circuit simulation is performed with these current values set as current sources. There is a risk that the calculation will become unstable. Therefore, the external program 52 of the motor model unit 510 of the circuit simulator 500 according to the present embodiment obtains the current value of each phase in consideration of the connection structure of the three coils and based on the current conservation law. As a result, a phenomenon in which the analysis becomes unstable in the circuit simulation can be avoided, and the analysis can be performed stably.

  Next, according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 14, the “calculated operation state of the induced voltage” of the circuit simulator 500 will be described. The “induced voltage calculation operation state” refers to a state in which the motor model unit 510 calculates only the induced voltage for performance evaluation of the generator. In the circuit simulator 500, the energization state of each phase of the three-phase alternating current supplied from the control circuit unit 530 to the motor model unit 510 is detected, and it is determined whether or not it is the above state.

  In the first step S31, the energization state of the current of each phase of the three-phase alternating current is detected. The detection of the energized state is performed by the above-described current detection units 550U, 550V, and 550W and the current value presence / absence determination units 560U, 560V, and 560W. When the motor model unit 510 is in the induced voltage calculation state, the control circuit unit 530 is removed and only the motor model unit 510 is in the state. A “current off signal” is forcibly set for the current of each phase.

  The current off signal is input to terminals 511U, 511V, and 511W of motor model unit 510 (step S32).

  In the motor model unit 510, the switch elements SW3 of the coils 11U, 11V, and 11W are turned on by the power generation state setting unit 65 based on the current-off signals of the respective phases input to the terminals 511U, 511V, and 511W. (Step S33). As a result, all the current sources 23 of the three coils 11U, 11V, and 11W are disconnected from the motor model unit 510.

  Next, the external program 52 calculates and sets the voltage value of each induced voltage component 13 of the three coils 11U, 11V, and 11W (step S34).

  As described above, according to the circuit simulator 500 according to the present embodiment, when the motor model unit 510 operates for calculating the induced voltage, the current source 23 of each coil is disconnected and only the induced voltage component 13 is calculated. be able to. Thus, when it is obvious that all the energization states of the three-phase alternating currents supplied to the motor model unit 510 are not energized, the current source 23 of the inductance component 14 of each coil is removed, Only the induced voltage component 13 is calculated.

  Based on the above, when an electric motor (three-phase synchronous motor) having a coil whose inductance component is variable is connected to a commercially available typical circuit simulator (PSIM), the equivalent of the electric motor according to the present embodiment The circuit model is created based on the coil model of each phase based on FIG. By setting the circuit simulator 500 and the motor model unit 510 as described above, a commercially available circuit simulator can be applied to actual motor analysis without hindrance.

  FIG. 15 shows an actual equivalent circuit presented to the user by a commercially available circuit simulator (PSIM). The user sets the usage environment in the equivalent circuit of FIG. 15 displayed on the screen of the display device. In the circuit simulator shown in FIG. 15, reference numeral 71 denotes an equivalent circuit (motor model unit 510) of the motor part. The equivalent circuit 71 of this motor is constituted by the circuit shown in FIG. In the circuit simulator of FIG. 15, a circuit 72 is a bridge circuit (control circuit unit 530) for supplying motor driving on / off voltages for each phase to the motor 71, 73 is a DC power supply (for example, 200V), and 74 is a current monitor. , 75 is a current phase designation unit, 76 is a target speed setting unit, and 77 and 78 are speed setting units during analysis.

  Note that the circuit simulator and the motor model unit according to the present invention are similarly manufactured using other commercially available software “Simulink (registered trademark)”, for example, as long as the circuit modeling shown in the present invention is possible. be able to.

  The configurations, shapes, sizes, and arrangement relationships described in the above embodiments are merely schematically shown to the extent that the present invention can be understood and implemented, and numerical values are merely examples. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments, and can be variously modified without departing from the scope of the technical idea shown in the claims.

  The present invention makes it possible to vary the conductance component of a coil with a commercially available circuit simulator used for the analysis of an electric motor or a generator, and even if the current supplied to the coil is not energized, the circuit simulator does not hinder it. Used for practical analysis.

1 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an overall configuration of an embodiment of a circuit simulator according to the present invention. It is an equivalent circuit diagram which shows the detailed circuit structure of the motor model part of the circuit simulator which concerns on this embodiment. It is an enlarged view of the equivalent circuit of the coil part of the U phase in the motor model part concerning this embodiment. It is a figure expressing the equivalent circuit of a coil. It is a figure which shows the inductance component of a coil. It is a figure which shows an example of the equivalent circuit of the inductance component of a coil. It is a figure explaining the problem of the equivalent circuit of the inductance component of the coil shown in FIG. It is a figure explaining the problem regarding the voltage relationship of the equivalent circuit of the inductance component of the coil shown in FIG. It is an equivalent circuit diagram of the inductance component of the U-phase coil of the electric motor for solving the problem demonstrated in FIG. FIG. 10 is an equivalent circuit diagram that makes the equivalent circuit of the inductance component shown in FIG. 9 more practical. It is a figure which shows the equivalent circuit of the inductance component of a coil. It is a figure which shows the equivalent circuit of the inductance component of the coil which concerns on this embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the "normal drive state" of the circuit simulator which concerns on this embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating "the calculation operation state of an induced voltage" of the circuit simulator which concerns on this embodiment. It is a circuit diagram which shows the example of whole structure about the specific circuit of the circuit simulator which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

11 U U-phase coil 11 V V-phase coil 11 W W-phase coil 12 Resistance component 13 Induced voltage component 14 Inductance component 15 Constant voltage source 21 Voltage extractor 22 Current generator (means for generating an arbitrary non-linear current from a database)
23 Current source (variable current source)
24 switch element 25 parallel resistance 26 resistance element 27 diode element 28 unidirectional current path 29 flow of regenerative current 500 circuit simulator 510 motor model section 530 control circuit section

Claims (12)

A circuit simulator for analyzing an electric device including a coil constituting a magnetic circuit,
The electrical device is represented by a motor model including three coils,
The equivalent circuit of the three coils is composed of an inductance component,
The equivalent circuit of the inductance component determines a current value of the current source based on a current source that outputs a current, a voltage extraction unit that extracts a terminal voltage of the current source, and a voltage value output from the voltage extraction unit. A circuit simulator comprising a current generating means, and a resistance element and a switch element connected in parallel to the current source. It said current generating means, circuit simulator according to claim 1, wherein the inputs the arbitrary physical quantity is a database to represent the non-linear electrical properties as the output current. Claim 1 or 2 circuit simulator, wherein the containing equivalent circuit further resistance component and the induced voltage component of the coil. A current determination means for determining an energization state of the current supplied to each of the three coils;
When the voltage extracting means inputs a current OFF signal output from the current judging means, said current generating means any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the current value of the current source to 0 1 The circuit simulator according to item. 5. The switching device according to claim 4 , further comprising: a switching unit that turns on all the switching elements of each of the three coils when the current determination unit outputs a current-off signal for all of the three coils. Circuit simulator. Circuit simulator according to claim 1, further comprising a connection switching means for the connection structure of the three coils in Y-connection or delta connection. A program for causing a computer to execute a circuit simulator for analyzing an electric device including three coils.
In the computer,
An equivalent circuit of the three coils is realized by an inductance component, and
An equivalent circuit of the inductance component includes a current source that outputs a current, a voltage extraction unit that extracts a terminal voltage of the current source, and a current value output from the current source based on a voltage value output from the voltage extraction unit. What is claimed is: 1. A circuit simulator program comprising: a current generating means for determining; and a resistance element and a switch element connected in parallel to the current source. 8. The circuit simulator program according to claim 7 , wherein said current generating means is realized by said database by a database which receives an arbitrary physical quantity such as a voltage and expresses a nonlinear electric characteristic as an output current. Equivalent circuit of the coil are realized on the computer, the conjunction inductance component according to claim 7 or 8 program circuit simulator, wherein the containing resistance component and the induced voltage component. Causing the computer to realize current determination means for determining an energization state of the current supplied to each of the three coils;
When the voltage extracting means inputs a current OFF signal output from the current judging means, said current generating means any of claims 7-9, characterized in that the current value of the current source to 0 1 The circuit simulator program described in the section. When the current determination means outputs a current off signal for all of the three coils, the computer realizes switching means for turning on all the switch elements of each of the three coils. The circuit simulator program according to claim 10 . 8. The circuit simulator program according to claim 7 , wherein the computer realizes connection switching means for making the connection structure of the three coils Y-connection or delta connection.

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