JP4637577B2 - Method for transmitting an audio signal according to a pixel transmission method for determining priority - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、特許請求の範囲の請求項1におけるおいて書きに記載された、優先順位を定めるピクセル伝送方法に従ってオーディオ信号を伝送する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for transmitting an audio signal according to a pixel transmission method for determining priority, as described in claim 1 of the appended claims.
現在、オーディオ信号を圧縮して伝送するための、多数の異なる方法が存在している。大体において、次の方法が存在している。 Currently, there are many different methods for compressing and transmitting audio signals. In general, the following methods exist.
−例えば、44kHzの代わりに3kHzにするような、サンプリングレートを削減する方法と、
−例えば、ISDN伝送のような、サンプリング値を非線形に伝送する方法と、
−例えば、MIDIあるいは音声模擬のように、予め格納されている音響シーケンスを利用する方法と、
−伝送エラーを補正するためにマルコフモデルを使用する方法である。
A method for reducing the sampling rate, eg 3 kHz instead of 44 kHz;
-A method of transmitting the sampling values non-linearly, for example ISDN transmission;
A method of using a pre-stored acoustic sequence, for example MIDI or voice simulation;
A method that uses a Markov model to correct transmission errors.
これらの既知方法の共通性は、伝送率が低くなっても、満足できる音声理解度が存在することにある。これは、大体において、平均値形成によって達成される。しかし、サンプリングレートが低い場合、ソースの異なる音声が受信側では同じように響く音声をもたらすので、例えば、正常な会話においては認識可能な、音声変動は、もはや伝送されない。それにより通信品質に著しい制限が生じる。 The commonality between these known methods is that there is a satisfactory level of speech understanding even when the transmission rate is low. This is largely achieved by averaging. However, if the sampling rate is low, voices of different sources will result in voices that sound the same on the receiver side, so that voice fluctuations that are recognizable, for example in normal conversation, are no longer transmitted. As a result, communication quality is significantly limited.
優先順位を定められたピクセル伝送による画像データ又はビデオデータの圧縮及び解凍方法が、ドイツ特許出願DE10113880.6(PCT/DE02/00987に相当)とDE10152612.1(PCT/DE02/00995に相当)に記載されている。これらの方法においては、例えば、個々の画素(ピクセル)のアレイからなる、デジタルの画像データ又はビデオデータが処理され、その場合に各ピクセルは、ピクセルの色情報又は輝度情報を記述する、時間的に変化するピクセル値を有している。この発明によれば、各ピクセル乃至各ピクセルグループに優先順位が割り当てられ、各ピクセルはその優先順位に従って優先順位のアレイ内に格納される。このアレイは、各時点で、優先順位に従って分類されたピクセル値を有している。優先順位に応じて、これらのピクセルと優先順位の計算のために利用されるピクセル値も、伝送乃至格納される。ピクセルは、その隣接するピクセルに対する差が極めて大きい場合に、高い優先順位を得る。再構築するためには、それぞれ実際のピクセル値が、ディスプレイ上に表示される。まだ伝送されていないピクセルが、すでに伝送されたピクセルから計算される。この方法は、原理的に、オーディオ信号の伝送にも使用される。 A method for compressing and decompressing image data or video data by pixel transmission with a predetermined priority is described in German patent applications DE101138880.6 (corresponding to PCT / DE02 / 00987) and DE10152612.1 (corresponding to PCT / DE02 / 00995). Are listed. In these methods, for example, digital image data or video data consisting of an array of individual picture elements (pixels) is processed, where each pixel describes temporal or temporal information that describes the color or luminance information of the pixel. It has a pixel value that changes to According to the invention, a priority is assigned to each pixel or group of pixels, and each pixel is stored in an array of priorities according to its priority. The array has pixel values sorted according to priority at each time point. Depending on the priority, these pixels and the pixel values used for the priority calculation are also transmitted or stored. A pixel gets a high priority when the difference to its neighboring pixels is very large. To reconstruct, each actual pixel value is displayed on the display. Pixels that have not yet been transmitted are calculated from the pixels that have already been transmitted. This method is also used in principle for the transmission of audio signals.
本発明の課題は、伝送帯域幅が狭い場合でもできるだけ損失なしで作動する、オーディオ信号を伝送する方法を提供することである。 It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for transmitting an audio signal that operates with as little loss as possible even when the transmission bandwidth is narrow.
この課題は、本発明によれば、特許請求の範囲に記載の請求項1の特徴によって解決される。 This problem is solved according to the invention by the features of claim 1 as claimed.
本発明によれば、オーディオ信号は、まずn個のスペクトル成分に分解される。分解されたオーディオ信号は複数のフィールドを備えた2次元のアレイに記憶されるが、それは次元として周波数と時間を有し、更に、そのフィールド内に記入すべき値としての振幅を有する。その後、アレイの各個々のフィールドとそのフィールドに隣接する少なくとも2つのフィールドからグループが形成されて、個々のグループに優先順位が割り当てられるが、その場合、グループの優先順位は、それぞれグループ値の振幅が大きいほど、及び/又は、それぞれのグループの値の振幅差が大きいほど、及び/又は、グループが実際の時間に近くなるほど、高く選定される。そしてグループが、その優先順位の順序で受信器へ伝送される。 According to the present invention, the audio signal is first decomposed into n spectral components. The decomposed audio signal is stored in a two-dimensional array with a plurality of fields, which have frequency and time as dimensions, and amplitude as the value to be entered in that field. A group is then formed from each individual field of the array and at least two fields adjacent to that field, and a priority is assigned to each group, where the priority of the group is the amplitude of the group value, respectively. Is larger and / or the amplitude difference between the values of the respective groups is larger and / or the closer the group is to the actual time, the higher is selected. Groups are then transmitted to the receiver in order of their priority.
この新しい方法は、大体において、シャノンの定理に基づいている。従って、信号を2倍の周波数でサンプリングする場合には、その信号は損失なしで伝送される。これは、音が異なる振幅及び周波数の個々のサイン振動に分解可能であることを意味している。従って、音響信号は、振幅と位相を含む個々の周波数成分の伝送によって一義的となり、損失なしで再び形成される。その場合、特に、頻繁に出てくる音源、例えば楽器、人の声は、共振体からなり、その共振周波数は変化せず、ないしは、わずかしか変化しないことも、利用される。 This new method is largely based on Shannon's theorem . Therefore, if the signal is sampled at twice the frequency, the signal is transmitted without loss. This means that the sound can be resolved into individual sine vibrations of different amplitudes and frequencies. Thus, the acoustic signal is unambiguous by the transmission of individual frequency components including amplitude and phase, and is formed again without loss. In that case, in particular, frequently used sound sources such as musical instruments and human voices are composed of resonators, and the resonance frequency does not change or changes only slightly.
本発明の好ましい実施の形態と更なる展開が、特許の範囲の従属請求項に記載されている。 Preferred embodiments and further developments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.
本発明の実施の形態を、以下で説明する。その場合、特に、以前の特許出願DE10113880.6とDE10152612.1の明細書及び図面も参照する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. In that case, reference is also made, in particular, to the specifications and drawings of the earlier patent applications DE 10113880.6 and DE 10152612.1.
まず、音が記録され、電気信号に変換されて、その周波数成分に分解される。これは、FFT(高速フーリエ変換)によって、あるいは、n個の個別の周波数選択的なフィルタによって行うことができる。n個の個別フィルタが使用される場合には、各フィルタは単一周波数ないしは狭い周波数帯域のみを吸収する(人間の耳の中の繊毛と同様)。従って、各時点で、周波数と、この周波数における振幅が得られる。その場合に数nは、端末機器特性に応じて異なる値をとることができる。nが大きくなるほど、より良好にオーディオ信号が再現できる。従ってnは、オーディオ伝送の品質をスケーリングすることのできるパラメータである。 First, sound is recorded, converted into an electrical signal, and decomposed into its frequency components. This can be done by FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) or by n individual frequency selective filters. If n individual filters are used, each filter absorbs only a single frequency or a narrow frequency band (similar to cilia in the human ear). Therefore, at each time point, the frequency and the amplitude at this frequency are obtained. In this case, the number n can take different values depending on the terminal device characteristics. The larger n is, the better the audio signal can be reproduced. Therefore, n is a parameter that can scale the quality of audio transmission.
この振幅値が、2次元アレイの各フィールドに一時的に記憶される。 This amplitude value is temporarily stored in each field of the two-dimensional array.
その場合にアレイの第1の次元は時間軸に相当し、第2の次元は周波数に相当する。従って、特定の振幅値と位相を有する各サンプリング値は一義的に定められ、アレイの対応するフィールド内に虚数として格納することができる。従って、音声信号は、アレイ内で3つの音響的次元(パラメータ)で示される。すなわち、アレイの第1の次元として、例えば、ミリ秒(ms)の時間であって、知覚的には持続時間として見分けられるものと、アレイの第2の次元として、ヘルツ(Hz)である周波数であって、知覚的にはトーン高さとして見分けられるものと、アレイの該当するフィールドに数値として記憶される信号のエネルギー(乃至強度)であって、知覚的には音の大きさないしは強度として見分けられるものである。 In that case, the first dimension of the array corresponds to the time axis and the second dimension corresponds to the frequency. Thus, each sampling value having a particular amplitude value and phase is uniquely defined and can be stored as an imaginary number in the corresponding field of the array. Thus, the audio signal is represented in the array with three acoustic dimensions (parameters). That is, the first dimension of the array, for example, a time in milliseconds (ms) and perceptually distinguishable as a duration, and the frequency of hertz (Hz) as the second dimension of the array. It is perceptually recognized as the tone height and the energy (or intensity) of the signal stored as a numerical value in the corresponding field of the array, and perceptually as the volume or intensity of the sound. It can be distinguished.
出願DE10113880.6とDE10152612.1との比較において、例えば、オーディオ信号の周波数は画像高さ、時間は画像幅、そして、振幅(強度)は色値に相当する。 In the comparison between the application DE10113880.6 and the DE10152612.1, for example, the frequency of the audio signal corresponds to the image height, the time corresponds to the image width, and the amplitude (intensity) corresponds to the color value.
画像/ビデオコード化におけるピクセルグループの優先順位づけの方法と同様に、隣接する値から各グループが形成されて、それらに優先順位がつけられる。各フィールドは、それ自体考察され、少なくとも1つ、しかし、好ましくは複数の隣接するフィールドと共にグループを形成する。各グループは、時間と周波数によって定められる位置値、その位置値における振幅値、及び予め定められた形式に応じた周辺の値の振幅値からなる(出願DE10113880.6とDE10152612.1の図2を参照)。その場合、特に、実際の時間に近い、及び/又は、その振幅値が他のグループに比較して極めて大きい、及び/又は、グループ内部で振幅値が互いに著しく異なっているグループが、極めて高い優先順位を得る。ピクセルグループ値は、降順に分類されて、この順序で記憶され、ないしは伝送される。 Similar to the method of prioritizing pixel groups in image / video coding, each group is formed from adjacent values and prioritized. Each field is considered per se and forms a group with at least one, but preferably a plurality of adjacent fields. Each group consists of a position value determined by time and frequency, an amplitude value at that position value, and an amplitude value of peripheral values according to a predetermined format (see FIG. 2 of the applications DE10113880.6 and DE1015272.1). reference). In that case, in particular, a group that is close to the actual time and / or whose amplitude value is very large compared to other groups and / or whose amplitude values are significantly different from each other within the group is very high priority. Get ranking. Pixel group values are sorted in descending order and stored or transmitted in this order.
アレイの幅(時間軸)は、好ましくは、制限された広がり(例えば5秒)しか持たず、すなわち、常に、例えば、5秒長さの信号部分のみが処理される。この時間(例えば5秒)の後に、アレイは後続の信号部分の各値で満たされる。 The width (time axis) of the array preferably has only a limited spread (eg 5 seconds), ie, only signal portions that are, for example, 5 seconds long are always processed. After this time (eg 5 seconds), the array is filled with each value of the subsequent signal part.
上述した優先順位づけパラメータ(振幅と、時間的に近い値と、隣接する値に対する振幅差)に従って、個々のグループの値が受信器内で受信される。 In accordance with the prioritization parameters described above (amplitudes, temporally close values, and amplitude differences with respect to adjacent values), the values of the individual groups are received in the receiver.
受信器において、グループは再び対応するアレイへ記入される。特許出願DE10113880.6とDE10152612.1に従って、その後、伝送されたグループから再び3次元のスペクトル表示を形成することができる。それぞれ多くのグループが受信されればされるほど、再構築はより正確になる。まだ伝送されていないアレイ値は、すでに伝送されたアレイ値から補間を用いて計算される。このようにして形成されたアレイから、その後受信器内で対応するオーディオ信号が生成されて、それをその後音に変換することができる。 At the receiver, the group is again entered into the corresponding array. According to the patent applications DE10113880.6 and DE10152612.1, a three-dimensional spectral display can then be formed again from the transmitted group. The more groups each are received, the more accurate the reconstruction. Array values that have not yet been transmitted are calculated from the already transmitted array values using interpolation. From the array thus formed, a corresponding audio signal is then generated in the receiver, which can then be converted to sound.
オーディオ信号を合成するために、例えば、n個の周波数ジェネレータを使用することができ、それらの信号が出力信号に加算される。n個のジェネレータのこのような並列構造によって、良好なスケーラビリティが与えられる。更に、並列処理によってクロックレートが著しく減少されるので、より少ないエネルギー消費によってモバイル端末器の再生時間が増大される。並列に使用するために、例えば単純な構造のFPGA又はASICを利用することができる。 For example, n frequency generators can be used to synthesize the audio signal, which are added to the output signal. This parallel structure of n generators gives good scalability. Furthermore, since the clock rate is significantly reduced by parallel processing, the playback time of the mobile terminal is increased with less energy consumption. For parallel use, for example, a simple structure FPGA or ASIC can be utilized.
上述した方法は、オーディオ信号に限定されるものではない。本方法は、特に、複数のセンサ(音センサ、光センサ、触覚センサなど)が使用され、それらのセンサが連続的に信号を測定し、その後、その信号を(n次の)アレイ内に表示できるところでは、どこでも効果的に使用することができる。 The method described above is not limited to audio signals. In particular, the method uses a plurality of sensors (sound sensors, light sensors, tactile sensors, etc.) that continuously measure signals and then display the signals in an (nth order) array. Wherever possible, it can be used effectively anywhere.
従来のシステムに対する利点は、高い圧縮率の場合においてもフレキシブルに使用できることにある。異なるソースから供給を受けるアレイを利用することによって、自動的に異なるソースの同期化が得られる。該当する同期化は、従来の方法においては、特別なプロトコル乃至措置によって保証しなければならない。特に長い到達時間を有するビデオ伝送、例えば、音と画像が異なるチャネルを介して伝送されるサテライト接続においては、しばしば音声に対する唇の同期エラーが発生する。それを、上述した方法によってある程度除去することができる。 The advantage over conventional systems is that they can be used flexibly even in the case of high compression ratios. By utilizing arrays supplied from different sources, synchronization of the different sources is automatically obtained. Appropriate synchronization must be ensured by special protocols or measures in the conventional method. Especially in video transmissions with a long arrival time, for example in satellite connections where sound and image are transmitted over different channels, lip synchronization errors to sound often occur. It can be removed to some extent by the method described above.
音声、画像及びビデオ伝送において、優先順位づけされたピクセルグループ伝送の同じ基本原理を利用することができるので、実装の際に著しいシナージー効果を利用することができる。さらに、このようにして、音声と画像の間で単純な同期化が行われる。更に、画像解像とオーディオ解像の間で任意にスケーリングすることができる。 In audio, image and video transmission, the same basic principle of prioritized pixel group transmission can be utilized, so that significant synergies can be exploited during implementation. Furthermore, in this way, simple synchronization is performed between the sound and the image. Furthermore, it can be arbitrarily scaled between image resolution and audio resolution.
この新しい方法に基づく個々のオーディオ伝送を考えると、音声においては、より自然な再生が得られる。というのは、各人にとって典型的な周波数成分(周波数グループ)は最高の優先順位をもって、従って損失なしで伝送されるからである。 Considering individual audio transmissions based on this new method, more natural reproduction can be obtained in speech. This is because the frequency components (frequency groups) typical for each person are transmitted with the highest priority and thus without loss.
本発明に係わるオーディオ信号を伝送する方法等は、画像信号等と共にオーディオ信号等を伝送するのに好適に用いられる。
The method and the like for transmitting an audio signal according to the present invention are preferably used for transmitting an audio signal and the like together with an image signal and the like.
Claims (6)
a)n個の周波数フィルタによってオーディオ信号をn個のスペクトル成分に分解する工程と、
b)分解されたオーディオ信号を複数のフィールドを備えた2次元アレイに記憶する工程であって、前記2次元アレイの次元として周波数と時間を有し、更に、フィールドにそれぞれ記入すべき値として振幅を有するものと、
c)前記複数のフィールドのうちの個々のフィールドを組み合わせて、複数のフィールドからなるフィールドグループであって、各フィールドグループが少なくとも3つの隣接するフィールドからなるものを複数個形成する工程と、
d)前記複数個のフィールドグループのうちの個々のグループに優先順位をつけるが、その場合に個々のグループの優先順位は、それぞれグループ値の振幅が大きくなるほど、及び/又は、それぞれのグループにおける各値の振幅差が大きくなるほど、及び/又は、それぞれのグループが実際の時間に近いほど、高くなる工程と、
e)前記優先順位を用いて前記2次元アレイの各フィールドグループを分類する工程と、
f)それらのフィールドグループをその優先順位の順序において記憶するか又は、伝送損失を最小にするために前記オーディオ信号が狭伝送帯域で伝送されるようにそれらのフィールドグループをその優先順位の順序において前記少なくとも1つの受信器へ伝送する工程とを具備することを特徴とするオーディオ信号を伝送する方法。In a method for transmitting an audio signal between a transmitter and at least one receiver according to a prioritized pixel transmission method,
a) decomposing an audio signal into n spectral components by n frequency filters ;
b) storing the decomposed audio signal in a two-dimensional array having a plurality of fields, having frequency and time as dimensions of the two-dimensional array , and further, amplitude as a value to be entered in each field And having
c) by combining the individual fields of the plurality of fields, comprising the steps a field group composed of a plurality of fields, each field group to form a plurality of ones of at least three adjacent field,
d) Prioritizing individual groups of the plurality of field groups . In this case, the priorities of the individual groups are set such that the amplitude of the group value increases and / or the respective groups in the respective groups. The step of increasing the amplitude difference of the values and / or the closer each group is to the actual time,
e) classifying each field group of the two-dimensional array using the priorities;
f) store the field groups in their priority order or in order of priority so that the audio signal is transmitted in a narrow transmission band in order to minimize transmission loss. Transmitting the audio signal to the at least one receiver .
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DE10230809A DE10230809B4 (en) | 2002-07-08 | 2002-07-08 | Method for transmitting audio signals according to the method of prioritizing pixel transmission |
PCT/DE2003/002258 WO2004006224A1 (en) | 2002-07-08 | 2003-07-07 | Method for transmitting audio signals according to the prioritizing pixel transmission method |
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DE (2) | DE10230809B4 (en) |
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JP3469567B2 (en) * | 2001-09-03 | 2003-11-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Acoustic encoding device, acoustic decoding device, acoustic encoding method, and acoustic decoding method |
DE102007017254B4 (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2009-06-25 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Device for coding and decoding |
EP3121814A1 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-01-25 | Sound object techology S.A. in organization | A method and a system for decomposition of acoustic signal into sound objects, a sound object and its use |
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PT1579426E (en) | 2010-04-08 |
ES2339237T3 (en) | 2010-05-18 |
US20060015346A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
DE50312330D1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
PL374146A1 (en) | 2005-10-03 |
AU2003250775A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
JP2005532580A (en) | 2005-10-27 |
CN1323385C (en) | 2007-06-27 |
CY1109952T1 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
WO2004006224A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
RU2322706C2 (en) | 2008-04-20 |
HK1081714A1 (en) | 2006-05-19 |
DE10230809B4 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
DE10230809A1 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
PL207103B1 (en) | 2010-11-30 |
EP1579426A1 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
ATE454695T1 (en) | 2010-01-15 |
EP1579426B1 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
DK1579426T3 (en) | 2010-05-17 |
RU2005102935A (en) | 2005-10-27 |
US7603270B2 (en) | 2009-10-13 |
CN1666255A (en) | 2005-09-07 |
SI1579426T1 (en) | 2010-05-31 |
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