JP4625921B2 - Cancer prevention agent - Google Patents

Cancer prevention agent Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4625921B2
JP4625921B2 JP2003197517A JP2003197517A JP4625921B2 JP 4625921 B2 JP4625921 B2 JP 4625921B2 JP 2003197517 A JP2003197517 A JP 2003197517A JP 2003197517 A JP2003197517 A JP 2003197517A JP 4625921 B2 JP4625921 B2 JP 4625921B2
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compound
acid
methyl
group
lucidenic
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JP2005035898A (en
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俊博 秋久
基彦 浮谷
春邦 徳田
匡亮 田形
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Nihon University
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Nihon University
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ラノスタン型のトリテルペン系化合物を含有する発癌予防剤に関する。ラノスタン型のトリテルペン系化合物は、好ましくは霊芝、さらに好ましくは霊芝子実体を処理して得られる。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
発癌予防剤として有効なトリテルペン系化合物は、すでに知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開平9−25232号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、特許文献1は、具体的に発癌予防に関して十分な効果を有するトリテルペン系化合物を開示するものではない。ところが、複雑な現代社会において、安全性が高くかつ十分な効果を有する発癌予防剤が強く求められている。
そこで本発明の課題は、安全で有効な発癌予防剤を提供することである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発癌予防剤の探索を行うためには、抗発癌プロモーターの探索を行う方法が最も有用である。この、抗発癌プロモーター探索の一次スクリーニング法としては、EBV活性化抑制検定法が知られている。
【0006】
本発明者等は、霊芝子実体を処理して得られるトリテルペン系化合物に注目して鋭意研究を行った結果、ラノスタン型のルシデニン酸及びガノデリン酸類トリテルペン系化合物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の上記化合物が優れた発癌予防効果を持ち、安全性の高い発癌予防剤になり得ることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。特に霊芝子実体を処理して得られる上記化合物は、安全な天然物である霊芝子実体を起源とすることで、安全性については注目に値するメリットがある。
よって本発明は、霊芝子実体エキス成分の抗発癌プロモーター活性を見出した点に重要な意義がある。
【0007】
本発明者等は、EBVのゲノムを内臓するバーキット・リンパ腫由来の培養細胞であるラジ(Raji)株において、EBV・ゲノムの発現を阻害する化合物の多くがマウス皮膚発癌二段階実験において抗発癌プロモーターとして作用する点に注目した。そして霊芝子実体抽出物からEBV・ゲノムの発言を阻害するウイルス・ゲノム不活性化物質を探索した。
【0008】
EBV・ゲノムの発現阻害作用に着目したこの方法はラジ株培養系に発癌プロモーターであるTPA(テトラデカノイルホルボールアセテート)と活性発現のために相乗作用剤として働くn−酪酸、それに被検物質を加えて培養し、TPAにより活性化された細胞由来の抗体を用いる間接蛍光抗体法で検出する方法である。この方法は、迅速、かつ定量性に優れ、加えて、微量活性成分の検出が可能な点で優れた方法である。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
活性試験法
以下に、EBV活性化抑制効果検定法の操作手順を、図1のスキームを参照しながら詳細に説明する。なお、本手順は、徳田らの方法[Cancer Letters、40巻、309頁(1988)]に準拠している。
(1) 1x106/mLのラジ細胞に20ng/mL(32pmol)の濃度のTPAを加え、さらにn−酪酸を加えた。
(2) そこに、水、エタノール、又はジメチルスルホキシドに溶解した所定量の被検物質を添加して、37℃で48時間培養した。
(3) 培養終了後、上咽頭癌患者の血清を用いた間接蛍光抗体法によりEBV早期抗原の発現を検出した。
TPAのみを加えた群(コントロール)のEBV早期抗原の発現率を100%として、被検物質添加群のEBV早期抗原の発現率を求め、次式により被検物質のEBV早期抗原の発現率(%)を算出した。
【0010】
【数1】
EBV早期抗原の発現阻害率(%)= 100 − 被検物質添加群のEBV早期抗原の発現率(%)
なお、被検物質の濃度が1000倍モル濃度の欄の括弧内の数値は、ラジ細胞の生存率(%)を示す。この数値が高い方が正常細胞に対する悪影響が小さい、すなわち安全性が高いと言える。
【0011】
本発明は、好ましくは霊芝子実体を処理して得られるトリテルペン系化合物を含有する発癌予防剤に関する。これらの化合物のうち、トリテルペン系化合物は、ラノスタン型の化合物である、ルシデニン酸P(化合物1a)、ルシデニン酸Pメチル(化合物1b)、ルシデニン酸Qメチル(化合物2b)、ルシデニン酸A(化合物3a)、ルシデニン酸Aメチル(化合物3b)、ルシデニン酸C(化合物4a)、ルシデニン酸D2(化合物5a)、ルシデニン酸D2メチル(化合物5b)、ルシデニン酸E2(化合物6a)、ルシデニン酸E2メチル(化合物6b)、ルシデニン酸Fメチル(化合物7b)、ルシデニン酸Lメチル(化合物8b)、ガノデリン酸E(化合物9a)、ガノデリン酸F(化合物10a)、ガノデリン酸Fメチル(化合物10b)、ガノデリン酸T−Q(化合物11a)からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種のものである。
【0012】
本発明におけるトリテルペン系化合物を得るためにはサルノコシカケ科に属するキノコである霊芝(紫、赤、青、黄、黒、及び白霊芝;マンネンタケ)子実体及び鹿角(ろっかく)霊芝などが挙げられる、
【0013】
本発明においては例えば、霊芝子実体あるいは鹿角霊芝を有機溶媒で抽出してトリテルペン系化合物を得る。
【0014】
抽出用の有機溶媒としては、特にエタノール、メタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、n-ブタノール、アセトン、n-ヘキサン、酢酸エチル、イソプロピルエーテル等が好ましく、これらの溶媒を単独又は混合し、または水で希釈して用いることができる。
得られた抽出物はそのまま又は濃縮してエキス状で、又は乾燥して粉末状にして種々の製剤化が可能である。
【0015】
本発明の霊芝子実体抽出物は、適当な医薬用の担体又は希釈剤と組み合わせて医薬とすることができ、通常の如何なる方法によっても製剤化でき、経口又は非経口投与するための固体、半固体又は液体の剤形に処方することができる。処方にあたっては、他の医薬活性成分との配合剤としてもよい。
【0016】
例えば、日本薬局方に記載されている各種製剤、即ち、錠剤、丸剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、乾燥エキス剤、トローチ剤等の内用固形製剤、流エキス剤、エリキシル剤、酒精剤、シロップ剤、リモナーデ剤等の内用液剤、チンキ剤、リニメント剤、ローション剤等の外用液剤、硬膏剤、軟膏剤、パップ剤等の外用剤などに製剤化できる。また、投与可能であるならば、吸入剤、エアゾール剤、注射剤、点眼剤、座剤等にも用途に応じて製剤化してもよい。
【0017】
経口投与においては、成人に対し体重1kg当り0.5〜500 mg/日の範囲で投与するのが好ましい。
【0018】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。
【0019】
乾燥粉砕した霊芝子実体(373g)を室温で2週間ずつメタノール(3L)により3回抽出を行い、30gの抽出物を得た。この抽出物は、シリカゲル(1kg)カラムクロマトグラフィーにより、n−ヘキサン/酢酸エチル混合溶媒[1:0(2.5L)、19:1(6.5L)、9:1(2.5L)、4:1(3.0L)、7:3(10.0L)、3:7(9.0L)、0:1(7.0L)]を展開液として用い、薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)でモニターしながら、順次溶出させながら6画分に分画した。n−ヘキサン/酢酸エチル(7:3、3:7、及び0:1)で溶出した最も高極性画分(6.9g)の一部(5.0g)をシリカゲル(200g)を用いて再度クロマトグラフィーを行った。n−ヘキサン/酢酸エチル混合溶媒[9:1(4.5L)、4:1(5.8L)、7:3(3.0L)、1:1(3.4L)、2:3(0.6L)、3:7(5.2L)、1:4(0.8L),0:1(1.0L)]を展開液として順次溶出させ、n−ヘキサン/酢酸エチル(7:3)、(1:1及び2:3)、及び(3:7、1:4、及び0:1)溶出部から、それぞれ画分I[TLC(シリカゲル;展開液:n−ヘキサン/酢酸エチル/酢酸、50:50:0.5)でRf値約0.7;707mg]、II(Rf値約0.5;916mg)、及びIII(Rf値約0.2;1.83g)を得た。
【0020】
画分Iの一部(437mg)からは、オクタデシルシリカ(ODS)カラム分取HPLC[25cmx内径10mm;展開液:メタノール/水/酢酸(80:20:1)、2mL/分]により、化合物11a(20.2mg;保持時間39.6分)を単離した。
【0021】
画分IIの一部(250mg)からは、ODSカラムHPLC[展開液:メタノール/水/酢酸(60:40:1)、2mL/分]により、化合物1b(11.0mg;保持時間41.1分)、化合物2b(4.9mg;保持時間26.4分)、化合物3b(14.2mg;保持時間39.4分)、化合物5b(1.6mg;保持時間35.4分)、化合物6b(6.8mg;保持時間29.9分)、化合物7b(5.1mg;保持時間36.7分)、化合物8b(0.8mg;保持時間21.2分)、化合物9a(4.9mg;保持時間22.8分)、及び化合物10b(1.4mg;保持時間30.7分)を得た。
【0022】
画分IIIの一部(556mg)からは、上記画分IIと同条件でのODSカラムHPLCにより、化合物3a(4.7mg;保持時間27.2分)、化合物4a(9.0mg;保持時間15.8分)、化合物5a(44.1mg;保持時間23.3分)、化合物6a(27.7mg;保持時間20.6分)、化合物7a(2.7mg;保持時間24.8分)、及び化合物10a(8.0mg;保持時間25.2分)を得た。トリテルペンの化学構造式は図2に示した。
【0023】
16種の化合物の同定はMS,IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,1H−1H COSY,HMQC,及びHMBCにより行った。これらのうち、化合物1a、1b及び2bの3種はこれまで文献記載のない新規化合物であった。これらのうち化合物1a及び2bの2種の化合物の1H NMR及び13C NMRデータをHMBCデータとともに表1に示した。
【0024】
【表1】

Figure 0004625921
【0025】
2種の新規化合物の化学名は以下に示す。
化合物1a:3β,7β-dihydroxy-12β-acetoxy-25,26,27-trinor-11,15-dioxolanost-8-en-24-oic acid
化合物1b:methyl 3β,7β-dihydroxy-12β-acetoxy-25,26,27-trinor-11,15-dioxolanost-8-en-24-oate
化合物2b:methyl 7β,15α-dihydroxy-25,26,27-trinor-3,11-dioxolanost-8-en-24-oate
新規化合物1a、1b及び 2bの諸性質およびスペクトルデータ(表1のNMRデータを除く)を次に示した。
【0026】
ルシデニン酸P(化合物1a): 無色結晶, mp 133-137 ℃; [α]25 D +14.7°(c 0.38, クロロホルム); UV (メタノール) λmax 255 nm; IR νmax 3446, 1755, 1729, 1681 cm-1; EIMS m/z 518 [M]+ (9), 503 (7), 490 (25), 472 (3), 458 (8), 440 (4), 430 (4), 355 (5), 329 (6), 306 (100), 277 (7), 255 (3), 199 (3), 171 (3), 153 (10), 135 (3); 高分解能EIMS m/z 518.2827 (理論値C29H42O8 [M]+ 518.2880). 本化合物はエーテル性ジアゾメタン処理によりルシデニン酸Pメチル(化合物1b)を与えた。
【0027】
ルシデニン酸Pメチル(化合物1b): 無色結晶, mp 83-85 ℃; [α]25 D +77.6°(c 0.41, クロロホルム); UV (メタノール) λmax 252 nm; IR νmax 3459, 1733, 1680 cm-1; 1H NMR δ 0.85 (3H, s, H-29), 0.99 (3H, s, H-18), 0.99 (3H, d,J = 6.3 Hz, H-21), 1.03 (3H, s, H-28), 1.27 (3H, s, H-19), 1.49 (3H, s, H-30), 2.22 (3H, s, 12β-OAc), 3.20 (1H, dd, J = 5.6, 10.7 Hz, H-3α), 3.68 (3H, s, COOMe), 4.80 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 8.7 Hz, H-7β), 5.61 (1H, s, H-12α); EIMS m/z 532 [M]+ (12), 517 (4), 504 (23), 472 (13), 454 (6), 444 (14), 417 (2), 332 (7), 329 (7), 306 (100), 288 (4), 277 (10), 255 (5), 241 (4), 227 (7); 高分解能EIMS m/z 532.3036 (理論値 C30H44O8 [M]+ 532.3036).
【0028】
ルシデニン酸Qメチル(化合物2b): 無色結晶, mp 130-131 ℃; [α]25 D +58.5°(c 0.13, クロロホルム); UV (メタノール) λmax 252 nm; IR νmax 3445, 1736, 1707, 1661 cm-1; EIMS m/z 474 [M]+ (100), 456 (42), 441 (16), 425 (17), 413 (12), 336 (92), 330 (17), 318 (46), 313 (22), 299 (14), 287 (14), 276 (19), 259 (28), 245 (13), 203 (28), 161 (29), 137 (24); 高分解能EIMS m/z 474.2979 (理論値C29H42O8 [M]+ 474.2981).
【0029】
以下には新規化合物1a、1b、及び2bの構造決定について述べた。
【0030】
化合物1aは高分解能EIMS ([M]+ m/z 518.2827)及び13C NMRより分子式C29H42O2を持つことが示された。UVスペクトルにおける255nm吸収はα、β‐不飽和ケトンの存在を示している。一方、IRスペクトルからは水酸基 (3446 cm-1)、カルボニル基 (1729 cm-1) 及びカルボキシル基 (1681 cm-1)の存在が示唆された。本化合物は5個の第3級メチル基[δH 0.85, 0.99, 1.03, 1.27, 1.49 (各 s)]、1個の第2級メチル基[δH 1.00 (d, J = 6.4 Hz)]、3個の酸素化されたメチン基 [δH 3.18 (dd, J = 6.8, 9.3 Hz), 4.80 (dd, J = 8.9, 8.9 Hz), 5.62 (s)]、及び1個のアセトキシル基 [δH 2.22 (s)]を持つことが1H NMRから示された。さらに、13C NMR及びDEPTスペクトル、さらにはHMQCスペクトルから、化合物1aは7個のメチル基(アセチルメチル基を含む)、6個のメチレン基、6個のメチン基(3個の酸素化されたメチン基を含む)、4個の第4級炭素、2個のsp2炭素、及び4個のカルボニル基(2個のケトン基を含む)を持つことがわかった。EIMSでは、ヒドリド転位を伴った側鎖 (C5H9O2)及び酢酸の脱離に対応するm/z 355 [C22H27O4]+の開裂イオン、及び、側鎖と、C-11−C-12、C-13−C-14、及びC-16−C-17結合開裂により生成したm/z 306 [C18H26O4]+イオンが観察された。 これらの開裂イオンは、12-hydroxy-11,15-dioxo-Δ8-骨格構造を持つラノスタン型トリテルペンに特徴的なものである。以上のデータ、さらには1H及び13C NMRデータのルシデニン酸Cメチル (methyl 3β,7β,12β-trihydroxy-25,26,27-trinor-11,15-dioxolanost-8-en-24-oate)[Nishitobaら、Agric. Biol. Chem., 49巻、1793頁(1985)]及びルシデニン酸P (3β,7β-dihydroxy-12β-acetoxy-25,26,27-trinor-11,15-dioxolanost-8-en-24-oic acid)[Wuら、J. Nat. Prod., 64巻、1121頁(2001)]との比較により、化合物1aは3β,7β-dihydroxy-12β-acetoxy-25,26,27-trinor-11,15-dioxolanost-8-en-24-oic acid(ルシデニン酸Pと命名)構造を持つことが明らかとなった。この構造の正しいことは1H-1H COSY、HMQC、HMB、及びNOESYスペクトルの解析により確認した。
【0031】
化合物1bは高分解能EIMS ([M]+ m/z 532.3036)より分子式C40H44O8を持つことが示された。本化合物は2個の第2級水酸基[νmax 3459 cm-1; δH 3.20 (1H, dd, J = 5.6, 10.7 Hz) 及び 4.80 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 8.7 Hz)]、1個の第2級アセトキシル基[νmax 1680 cm-1H 2.22 (3H, s) and 5.61 (1H, s)]、1個のα、β‐不飽和ケトン基(λmax 252 nm;νmax 1733 cm-1)、4個の第3級メチル基[δH 0.85, 1.03, 1.27 and 1.49 (各 3H及び s)]、1個の第2級メチル基[δH 0.99 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz)]、及び1個のメトキシル基[δH 3.68 (3H, s)]を持つことが示された。さらに、EIMSでは、化合物1aと同様にm/z 306 ([C18H26O4]+;基準ピーク)に特徴的な開裂イオンが観察された。これらのデータは、MSにおける分子イオン、及び1H NMRにおけるメトキシル基の存在を除き、1aに極めて良く一致した。以上より、1bは1aのメチルエステル体、即ちルシデニン酸Pメチルの構造を持つことは明らかである。この化合物1bの推定構造は、1aのジアゾメタン法によるメチルエステル化により、1bが得られたことにより確認した。
【0032】
化合物2bは高分解能EIMS ([M]+ m/z 474.2979)より分子式C28H42O6を持つことが示された。本化合物は2個の第2級水酸基[νmax 3445 cm-1H 4.63 (1H, dd, J = 6.9, 10.8 Hz) 及び 4.80 (1H, dd, J = 7.1, 9.5 Hz)]、1個はα、β‐不飽和ケトン基[νmax 252 nm;δC 140.3, 159.2 (各 s)]として存在する2個のケトン基[νmax 1736, 1707 cm-1C 199.6 and 216.9 (each s)]、1個のカルボン酸メチルエステル基[νmax 1661 cm-1C 51.6 (q), 174.3 (s);δH 3.67 (3H, s)]、5個の第3級メチル基[δH 0.96, 1.10, 1.12, 1.26, 1.28 (各 3H 及び s)]、及び1個の第2級メチル基[δH 0.88 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz)]を有している。EIMSでは、C-5-C-6 及び C-9-C-10 結合開裂によるA環の脱離で生成した特長的な開裂イオンをm/z 336 [C19H26O5]+に示した。これらのデータのガノデリン酸A (7β,15α-dihydroxy-3,11,23-trioxolanost-8-ene-26-oic acid) [Kohdaら、 Chem. Pharm. Bull. 、33巻、1367頁(1985)]、そのメチルエステル体[Kikuchiら、 Chem. Pharm. Bull. 、34巻、3695頁(1986)]、さらには化合物1aと1bとの比較により、化合物2bはmethyl 7β,15α-dihydroxy-25,26,27-trinor-3,11-dioxolanost-8-en-24-oate構造を持つことが明らかとなった。本化合物はルシデニン酸Pメチルと命名した。この構造の正しいことは1H-1H COSY、HMQC、HMB、及びNOESYスペクトルの解析により確認した。
【0033】
霊芝子実体抽出物から得た16種のラノスタン型トリテルペン、即ち、ルシデニン酸P(化合物1a)、ルシデニン酸Pメチル(化合物1b)、ルシデニン酸Qメチル(化合物2b)、ルシデニン酸A(化合物3a)、ルシデニン酸Aメチル(化合物3b)、ルシデニン酸C(化合物4a)、ルシデニン酸D2(化合物5a)、ルシデニン酸D2メチル(化合物5b)、ルシデニン酸E2(化合物6a)、ルシデニン酸E2メチル(化合物6b)、ルシデニン酸Fメチル(化合物7b)、ルシデニン酸Lメチル(化合物8b)、ガノデリン酸E(化合物9a)、ガノデリン酸F(化合物10a)、ガノデリン酸Fメチル(化合物10b)、ガノデリン酸T−Q(化合物11a)のEBV早期抗原発現阻害率を表2に示した。
【0034】
【表2】
Figure 0004625921
【0035】
これらの化合物の阻害率は、TPAに対し10倍モル濃度の時2〜7%、同様に1000倍モル濃度の時94〜100%であり、高い活性を有している。また、この阻害率は、ビタミンA誘導体であり、その発がん予防効果が種々の動物モデル実験でも確認されているβ‐カロテン[村上ら、Biosci. Biotech. Biochem.、60巻、1頁(1996)]よりも高い値を示している。また、これらは検定において高いラジ細胞生存率を示したことから、高い安全性を持つ発癌予防剤として期待できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 EBV活性化抑制検定法の概略を示す。
【図2】16種のラノスタン型トリテルペンの化学構造式を示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a carcinogenesis-preventing agent containing a lanostane-type triterpene compound. The lanostane-type triterpene compound is preferably obtained by treating ganoderma, more preferably ganoderma fruit bodies.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Triterpene compounds effective as a carcinogenesis preventing agent are already known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-9-25232 [0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, Patent Document 1 does not specifically disclose a triterpene compound having a sufficient effect for preventing carcinogenesis. However, in a complex modern society, there is a strong demand for a carcinogenesis-preventing agent that is highly safe and has a sufficient effect.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a safe and effective carcinogenic preventive agent.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to search for an anti-carcinogenic agent, a method of searching for an anti-carcinogenic promoter is most useful. As a primary screening method for searching for an anti-tumor promoter, an EBV activation inhibition assay method is known.
[0006]
As a result of diligent research focusing on triterpene compounds obtained by treating ganoderma fruit bodies, the present inventors have found that at least one selected from the group consisting of lanostane-type lucidenic acid and ganoderic acid triterpene compounds. The present inventors have found that the above-mentioned compounds of the above species have excellent carcinogenic preventing effects and can be highly safe carcinogenic preventing agents, and have completed the present invention. In particular, the above compounds obtained by treating Ganoderma fruit bodies have a remarkable merit in terms of safety because they originate from Ganoderma fruit bodies, which are safe natural products.
Therefore, the present invention has an important significance in finding the anti-carcinogenic promoter activity of the ganoderma fruit body extract component.
[0007]
In the Raji strain, which is a cultured cell derived from Burkitt lymphoma that contains the EBV genome, many of the compounds that inhibit the expression of the EBV genome are anti-carcinogenic in a mouse skin carcinogenesis two-stage experiment. We focused on the fact that it acts as a promoter. And we searched for virus / genome inactivating substances that inhibit EBV / genome remarks from Ganoderma fruit body extracts.
[0008]
This method, which focuses on EBV / genome expression inhibition, is composed of TPA (tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate), a tumor promoter, and n-butyric acid acting as a synergistic agent for activity expression in a radiant strain culture system, and a test substance Is added, cultured, and detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody method using an antibody derived from a cell activated by TPA. This method is excellent in that it is rapid and excellent in quantitativeness, and in addition, it can detect a trace amount of active ingredient.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
Activity test method Hereinafter, the operation procedure of the EBV activation inhibitory effect assay method will be described in detail with reference to the scheme of Fig. 1. This procedure is based on the method of Tokuda et al. [Cancer Letters, 40, 309 (1988)].
(1) TPA at a concentration of 20 ng / mL (32 pmol) was added to 1 × 10 6 / mL raji cells, and n-butyric acid was further added.
(2) A predetermined amount of a test substance dissolved in water, ethanol, or dimethyl sulfoxide was added thereto, followed by culturing at 37 ° C. for 48 hours.
(3) After completion of the culture, expression of EBV early antigen was detected by an indirect fluorescent antibody method using serum of a patient with nasopharyngeal cancer.
The expression rate of the EBV early antigen of the test substance addition group was determined with the expression rate of the EBV early antigen of the group to which only TPA was added (control) being 100%, and the expression rate of the EBV early antigen of the test substance ( %) Was calculated.
[0010]
[Expression 1]
EBV early antigen expression inhibition rate (%) = 100 − EBV early antigen expression rate (%) in the test substance added group
The numerical value in parentheses in the column where the concentration of the test substance is 1000-fold molar concentration indicates the survival rate (%) of the raji cells. It can be said that the higher the value, the smaller the adverse effect on normal cells, that is, the higher the safety.
[0011]
The present invention preferably relates to a carcinogenesis-preventing agent containing a triterpene compound obtained by treating a ganoderma fruit body. Among these compounds, triterpene compounds are lanostane type compounds, lucidenic acid P (compound 1a), lucidenic acid P methyl (compound 1b), lucidenic acid Q methyl (compound 2b), lucidenic acid A (compound 3a). ), Lucidenic acid A methyl (compound 3b), lucidenic acid C (compound 4a), lucidenic acid D 2 (compound 5a), lucidenic acid D 2 methyl (compound 5b), lucidenic acid E 2 (compound 6a), lucidenic acid E 2 methyl (compound 6b), lucidenic acid F methyl (compound 7b), lucidenic acid L methyl (compound 8b), ganoderic acid E (compound 9a), ganoderic acid F (compound 10a), ganoderic acid F methyl (compound 10b), It is at least one selected from the group consisting of ganoderic acid TQ (compound 11a).
[0012]
In order to obtain the triterpene-based compound in the present invention, Ganoderma (purple, red, blue, yellow, black, and white ganoderma; mushrooms), mushrooms belonging to the moss family, Ganoderma lucidum, etc. Can be mentioned,
[0013]
In the present invention, for example, a triterpene compound is obtained by extracting a ganoderma fruit body or deer antlerum with an organic solvent.
[0014]
As the organic solvent for extraction, ethanol, methanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, acetone, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, isopropyl ether and the like are particularly preferable. These solvents are used alone or in combination or diluted with water. Can be used.
The obtained extract can be variously formulated as it is or concentrated to obtain an extract, or dried to a powder.
[0015]
The reishi fruiting body extract of the present invention can be combined with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier or diluent to form a pharmaceutical, which can be formulated by any conventional method, and is a solid for oral or parenteral administration. Semi-solid or liquid dosage forms can be formulated. In prescribing, it is good also as a compounding agent with another pharmaceutical active ingredient.
[0016]
For example, various preparations described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, that is, solid preparations for internal use such as tablets, pills, capsules, granules, powders, dry extracts, troches, flow extracts, elixirs, spirits It can be formulated into internal liquids such as syrups and limonades, external liquids such as tinctures, liniments and lotions, and external preparations such as plasters, ointments and poultices. If administration is possible, inhalants, aerosols, injections, eye drops, suppositories and the like may be formulated according to the intended use.
[0017]
In oral administration, it is preferably administered to an adult in the range of 0.5 to 500 mg / kg body weight.
[0018]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
[0019]
The dried and ground ganoderma fruit bodies (373 g) were extracted three times with methanol (3 L) at room temperature for 2 weeks, and 30 g of extract was obtained. This extract was subjected to silica gel (1 kg) column chromatography using an n-hexane / ethyl acetate mixed solvent [1: 0 (2.5 L), 19: 1 (6.5 L), 9: 1 (2.5 L), 4: 1 (3.0 L), 7: 3 (10.0 L), 3: 7 (9.0 L), 0: 1 (7.0 L)] as a developing solution, and by thin layer chromatography (TLC) While monitoring, fractionated into 6 fractions while monitoring. A portion (5.0 g) of the most polar fraction (6.9 g) eluted with n-hexane / ethyl acetate (7: 3, 3: 7, and 0: 1) was again used with silica gel (200 g). Chromatography was performed. n-hexane / ethyl acetate mixed solvent [9: 1 (4.5 L), 4: 1 (5.8 L), 7: 3 (3.0 L), 1: 1 (3.4 L), 2: 3 (0 .6L), 3: 7 (5.2 L), 1: 4 (0.8 L), 0: 1 (1.0 L)] were sequentially eluted as a developing solution, and n-hexane / ethyl acetate (7: 3) , (1: 1 and 2: 3), and (3: 7, 1: 4, and 0: 1) fractions, respectively, fraction I [TLC (silica gel; developing solution: n-hexane / ethyl acetate / acetic acid) 50: 50: 0.5), R f value of about 0.7; 707 mg], II (R f value of about 0.5; 916 mg), and III (R f value of about 0.2; 1.83 g). Obtained.
[0020]
From a portion of fraction I (437 mg), compound 11a was prepared by octadecyl silica (ODS) column preparative HPLC [25 cm × 10 mm inner diameter; developing solution: methanol / water / acetic acid (80: 20: 1), 2 mL / min]. (20.2 mg; retention time 39.6 minutes) was isolated.
[0021]
A portion of fraction II (250 mg) was purified from compound 1b (11.0 mg; retention time 41.1) by ODS column HPLC [developing solution: methanol / water / acetic acid (60: 40: 1), 2 mL / min]. Min), compound 2b (4.9 mg; retention time 26.4 min), compound 3b (14.2 mg; retention time 39.4 min), compound 5b (1.6 mg; retention time 35.4 min), compound 6b (6.8 mg; retention time 29.9 minutes), compound 7b (5.1 mg; retention time 36.7 minutes), compound 8b (0.8 mg; retention time 21.2 minutes), compound 9a (4.9 mg; Retention time 22.8 minutes) and compound 10b (1.4 mg; retention time 30.7 minutes) were obtained.
[0022]
From a part of fraction III (556 mg), by ODS column HPLC under the same conditions as in the above fraction II, compound 3a (4.7 mg; retention time 27.2 minutes), compound 4a (9.0 mg; retention time) 15.8 minutes), compound 5a (44.1 mg; retention time 23.3 minutes), compound 6a (27.7 mg; retention time 20.6 minutes), compound 7a (2.7 mg; retention time 24.8 minutes) And compound 10a (8.0 mg; retention time 25.2 minutes). The chemical structure of triterpene is shown in FIG.
[0023]
The identification of 16 kinds of compounds was carried out by MS, IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, 1 H- 1 H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC. Of these, the three compounds 1a, 1b, and 2b were novel compounds that have not been described so far. Of these, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR data of two types of compounds 1a and 2b are shown in Table 1 together with HMBC data.
[0024]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004625921
[0025]
The chemical names of the two new compounds are shown below.
Compound 1a: 3β, 7β-dihydroxy-12β-acetoxy-25,26,27-trinor-11,15-dioxolanost-8-en-24-oic acid
Compound 1b: methyl 3β, 7β-dihydroxy-12β-acetoxy-25,26,27-trinor-11,15-dioxolanost-8-en-24-oate
Compound 2b: methyl 7β, 15α-dihydroxy-25,26,27-trinor-3,11-dioxolanost-8-en-24-oate
Properties and spectrum data (excluding NMR data in Table 1) of the new compounds 1a, 1b and 2b are shown below.
[0026]
Lucidenic acid P (compound 1a): colorless crystals, mp 133-137 ° C; [α] 25 D + 14.7 ° (c 0.38, chloroform); UV (methanol) λ max 255 nm; IR ν max 3446, 1755, 1729, 1681 cm -1 ; EIMS m / z 518 [M] + (9), 503 (7), 490 (25), 472 (3), 458 (8), 440 (4), 430 (4), 355 ( 5), 329 (6), 306 (100), 277 (7), 255 (3), 199 (3), 171 (3), 153 (10), 135 (3); high resolution EIMS m / z 518.2827 (Theoretical value C 29 H 42 O 8 [M] + 518.2880). This compound was treated with ethereal diazomethane to give P-methyl lucidenate (compound 1b).
[0027]
P-methyl lucidenate (compound 1b): colorless crystals, mp 83-85 ° C; [α] 25 D + 77.6 ° (c 0.41, chloroform); UV (methanol) λ max 252 nm; IR ν max 3459, 1733, 1680 cm -1 ; 1 H NMR δ 0.85 (3H, s, H-29), 0.99 (3H, s, H-18), 0.99 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz, H-21), 1.03 (3H, s, H-28), 1.27 (3H, s, H-19), 1.49 (3H, s, H-30), 2.22 (3H, s, 12β-OAc), 3.20 (1H, dd, J = 5.6, 10.7 Hz, H-3α), 3.68 (3H, s, COOMe), 4.80 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 8.7 Hz, H-7β), 5.61 (1H, s, H-12α); EIMS m / z 532 [M] + (12), 517 (4), 504 (23), 472 (13), 454 (6), 444 (14), 417 (2), 332 (7), 329 (7), 306 (100), 288 (4), 277 (10), 255 (5), 241 (4), 227 (7); high resolution EIMS m / z 532.3036 (theoretical value C 30 H 44 O 8 [M] + 532.3036 ).
[0028]
Q methyl lucidenate (compound 2b): colorless crystals, mp 130-131 ° C; [α] 25 D + 58.5 ° (c 0.13, chloroform); UV (methanol) λ max 252 nm; IR ν max 3445, 1736, 1707 , 1661 cm -1 ; EIMS m / z 474 [M] + (100), 456 (42), 441 (16), 425 (17), 413 (12), 336 (92), 330 (17), 318 (46), 313 (22), 299 (14), 287 (14), 276 (19), 259 (28), 245 (13), 203 (28), 161 (29), 137 (24); high Resolution EIMS m / z 474.2979 (theoretical C 29 H 42 O 8 [M] + 474.2981).
[0029]
The structure determination of novel compounds 1a, 1b, and 2b is described below.
[0030]
Compound 1a was shown to have the molecular formula C 29 H 42 O 2 by high resolution EIMS ([M] + m / z 518.2827) and 13 C NMR. The 255 nm absorption in the UV spectrum indicates the presence of α, β-unsaturated ketone. On the other hand, the IR spectrum suggested the presence of a hydroxyl group (3446 cm -1 ), a carbonyl group (1729 cm -1 ), and a carboxyl group (1681 cm -1 ). This compound has five tertiary methyl groups [δ H 0.85, 0.99, 1.03, 1.27, 1.49 (each s)], one secondary methyl group [δ H 1.00 (d, J = 6.4 Hz)] Three oxygenated methine groups [δ H 3.18 (dd, J = 6.8, 9.3 Hz), 4.80 (dd, J = 8.9, 8.9 Hz), 5.62 (s)], and one acetoxyl group [ 1 H NMR indicated that it had δ H 2.22 (s)]. Furthermore, from 13 C NMR and DEPT spectra, and further from HMQC spectra, compound 1a has 7 methyl groups (including acetylmethyl group), 6 methylene groups, 6 methine groups (3 oxygenated groups). Methine group), 4 quaternary carbons, 2 sp 2 carbons, and 4 carbonyl groups (including 2 ketone groups). In EIMS, the side chain (C 5 H 9 O 2 ) with hydride rearrangement, the cleavage ion of m / z 355 [C 22 H 27 O 4 ] + corresponding to the elimination of acetic acid, the side chain, and C M / z 306 [C 18 H 26 O 4 ] + ions generated by -11-C-12, C-13-C-14, and C-16-C-17 bond cleavage were observed. These cleavage ions are characteristic of lanostane-type triterpenes having a 12-hydroxy-11,15-dioxo-Δ 8 -skeleton structure. The above data, and also 1 H and 13 C NMR data of C-methyl lucidenate (methyl 3β, 7β, 12β-trihydroxy-25,26,27-trinor-11,15-dioxolanost-8-en-24-oate) [Nishitoba et al., Agric. Biol. Chem., 49, 1793 (1985)] and lucidenic acid P (3β, 7β-dihydroxy-12β-acetoxy-25,26,27-trinor-11,15-dioxolanost-8 -en-24-oic acid) [Wu et al., J. Nat. Prod., 64, 1121 (2001)], compound 1a was found to be 3β, 7β-dihydroxy-12β-acetoxy-25,26, It became clear to have 27-trinor-11,15-dioxolanost-8-en-24-oic acid (named lucidenic acid P) structure. Right thing 1 H- 1 H COZY of the structure was confirmed HMQC, HMB, and the analysis of NOESY spectra.
[0031]
Compound 1b was shown to have the molecular formula C 40 H 44 O 8 by high resolution EIMS ([M] + m / z 532.3036). This compound has two secondary hydroxyl groups [ν max 3459 cm −1 ; δ H 3.20 (1H, dd, J = 5.6, 10.7 Hz) and 4.80 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 8.7 Hz)], 1 Secondary acetoxyl groups [ν max 1680 cm −1 ; δ H 2.22 (3H, s) and 5.61 (1H, s)], one α, β-unsaturated ketone group (λ max 252 nm; ν max 1733 cm −1 ), four tertiary methyl groups [δ H 0.85, 1.03, 1.27 and 1.49 (each 3H and s)], one secondary methyl group [δ H 0.99 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz)] and one methoxyl group [δ H 3.68 (3H, s)]. Further, in EIMS, a cleaved ion characteristic of m / z 306 ([C 18 H 26 O 4 ] + ; reference peak) was observed as in Compound 1a. These data agreed very well with 1a except for the molecular ion in MS and the presence of the methoxyl group in 1 H NMR. From the above, it is clear that 1b has the structure of the methyl ester form of 1a, that is, P-methyl lucidenate. The estimated structure of this compound 1b was confirmed by obtaining 1b by methyl esterification of 1a by the diazomethane method.
[0032]
Compound 2b was shown to have the molecular formula C 28 H 42 O 6 by high resolution EIMS ([M] + m / z 474.2979). This compound has two secondary hydroxyl groups [ν max 3445 cm −1 ; δ H 4.63 (1H, dd, J = 6.9, 10.8 Hz) and 4.80 (1H, dd, J = 7.1, 9.5 Hz)], 1 Are two ketone groups [ν max 1736, 1707 cm −1 ; δ C 199.6 and 216.9 (as each α, β-unsaturated ketone group [ν max 252 nm; δ C 140.3, 159.2 (s)] each s)] one carboxylic acid methyl ester group [ν max 1661 cm −1 ; δ C 51.6 (q), 174.3 (s); δ H 3.67 (3H, s)], five tertiary methyls Group [δ H 0.96, 1.10, 1.12, 1.26, 1.28 (each 3H and s)], and one secondary methyl group [δ H 0.88 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz)] . In EIMS, m / z 336 [C 19 H 26 O 5 ] + shows the characteristic cleavage ions generated by elimination of the A ring by C-5-C-6 and C-9-C-10 bond cleavage. It was. Ganoderic acid A (7β, 15α-dihydroxy-3,11,23-trioxolanost-8-ene-26-oic acid) [Kohda et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 33, 1367 (1985) ], Its methyl ester form [Kikuchi et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 34, 3695 (1986)], and further by comparing Compound 1a and 1b, Compound 2b is methyl 7β, 15α-dihydroxy-25, It was found to have 26,27-trinor-3,11-dioxolanost-8-en-24-oate structure. This compound was named P-methyl lucidenate. Right thing 1 H- 1 H COZY of the structure was confirmed HMQC, HMB, and the analysis of NOESY spectra.
[0033]
Sixteen lanostane-type triterpenes obtained from Ganoderma fruit body extracts, namely, lucidenic acid P (compound 1a), lucidenic acid P methyl (compound 1b), lucidenic acid Q methyl (compound 2b), lucidenic acid A (compound 3a ), Lucidenic acid A methyl (compound 3b), lucidenic acid C (compound 4a), lucidenic acid D 2 (compound 5a), lucidenic acid D 2 methyl (compound 5b), lucidenic acid E 2 (compound 6a), lucidenic acid E 2 methyl (compound 6b), lucidenic acid F methyl (compound 7b), lucidenic acid L methyl (compound 8b), ganoderic acid E (compound 9a), ganoderic acid F (compound 10a), ganoderic acid F methyl (compound 10b), Table 2 shows the inhibition rate of EBV early antigen expression of ganoderic acid TQ (compound 11a).
[0034]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004625921
[0035]
The inhibition rate of these compounds is 2 to 7% at 10-fold molar concentration with respect to TPA, and similarly 94 to 100% at 1000-fold molar concentration, and has high activity. In addition, this inhibition rate is a vitamin A derivative, and its carcinogenesis-preventing effect has been confirmed in various animal model experiments [β-carotene [Murakami et al., Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., Vol. 60, page 1 (1996)]. ] Higher than the above. In addition, since these showed high survival rate in the assay, they can be expected as carcinogenic preventive agents with high safety.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows an outline of an EBV activation inhibition assay.
FIG. 2 shows chemical structural formulas of 16 lanostane-type triterpenes.

Claims (3)

下記式
Figure 0004625921
で表される化合物11aからなる群から選んだ少なくとも1種のトリテルペン系化合物を有効成分として含むことを特徴とする発癌予防剤。
Following formula
Figure 0004625921
A carcinogenesis-preventing agent comprising, as an active ingredient, at least one triterpene compound selected from the group consisting of compound 11a represented by:
3β,7β−ジハイドロキシ−12β−アセトキシ−25,26,27−トリノル−11,15−ジオキソラノスト−8−エン−24−酸、3β,7β−ジハイドロキシ−12β−アセトキシ−25,26,27−トリノル−11,15−ジオキソラノスト−8−エン−24−酸メチルエステル、及び7β,15α−ジハイドロキシ−25,26,27−トリノル−3,11−ジオキソラノスト−8−エン−24−酸メチルエステルからなる群から選択される化合物を有効成分として含む、発癌予防剤3β, 7β-dihydroxy-12β-acetoxy-25,26,27-trinor-11,15-dioxolanosto-8-ene-24-acid, 3β, 7β-dihydroxy-12β-acetoxy-25,26,27- Trinor-11,15-dioxolanosto-8-ene-24-acid methyl ester and 7β, 15 α- dihydroxy-25,26,27-trinor-3,11-dioxolanosto-8-ene-24-acid methyl ester A carcinogenesis-preventing agent comprising as an active ingredient a compound selected from the group consisting of: エプスタイン・バール・ウイルス(EBV)活性化抑制効果を有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の発癌予防剤。The agent for preventing carcinogenesis according to claim 1 or 2 , which has an inhibitory effect on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activation.
JP2003197517A 2003-07-16 2003-07-16 Cancer prevention agent Expired - Fee Related JP4625921B2 (en)

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JP2003128633A (en) * 2001-10-26 2003-05-08 Wakayama Prefecture Polyphenol derivative, method for preparation of the same, antioxidant for preventing carcinogenesis
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JP2002053479A (en) * 2000-08-10 2002-02-19 Club Cosmetics Co Ltd Antitumor agent, skin care preparation and health food
JP2003171307A (en) * 2001-09-27 2003-06-20 Nonogawa Shoji Kk Matrix metalloprotease inhibitor
JP2003128633A (en) * 2001-10-26 2003-05-08 Wakayama Prefecture Polyphenol derivative, method for preparation of the same, antioxidant for preventing carcinogenesis

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