JP4621337B2 - Fire extinguishing nozzle and fire extinguishing method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing nozzle and a fire extinguishing method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Japanese Patent No. 2795444 proposes a flame control method and apparatus. This gazette states that in the early stage of a fire in a partitioned space (compartmental fire), spraying from the spray jet type nozzle toward the source of the fire will cause the source of the fire to cool and the fire power to decay. There is a description. Further, in this publication, after introducing a nonflammable liquid and a nonflammable gas into one chamber through different passages, the above-mentioned nonflammable liquid and nonflammable gas are introduced from one outlet provided in the chamber. There is a description of nozzles that can be ejected. In addition, in this nozzle, there is a description of disposing a spindle-shaped spray shape modifier at the center of the outlet provided only in one chamber, and forming a spray having an elliptical cross section by the action of the spray shape modifier. .
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the nozzle in which only one outlet is provided in one chamber, such as the nozzle described in the above publication, a spray having an elliptical cross section is formed by the action of the spray shape modifier. Even so, the range in which the mixture of the incombustible liquid and the incombustible gas ejected from the outlet can be sprayed is limited to a narrow range. Therefore, in order to enable spraying over a wider range, it is necessary to increase the number of nozzles installed, which causes a problem that the cost increases accordingly.
[0004]
In order to cope with this problem, it is conceivable to enable spraying to a wider range by increasing the size of the chamber to increase its volume and providing a plurality of outlets in one chamber. However, in such a case, the mixing ratio of the nonflammable gas and the nonflammable liquid cannot be made uniform in the large chamber in the early stage of the fire, so the mixing ratio of the nonflammable gas and the nonflammable liquid from the plurality of outlets. As a result, the spray water that is dispersed varies, and the water spray is not uniform, and there is a possibility that spray effective for fire extinguishing cannot be performed.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and when a fire occurs, initial fire extinguishing can be performed in a wide range for the size of the fire extinguishing nozzle, and in the early stage of fire occurrence, An object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing nozzle capable of significantly reducing the time until spraying effective for initial fire extinguishing is started.
[0006]
Further, the present invention divides one fluid chamber (corresponding to the above chamber) into a plurality of small chambers, and each of the small chambers is provided with a fluid outlet so that the fluid outlets of the other small chambers at the initial stage of the fire occurrence It is an object of the present invention to provide a fire extinguishing nozzle that can be favorably sprayed from the fluid outlets of the remaining small chambers without being greatly affected by the quality of the spray state.
[0007]
Furthermore, an object of this invention is to provide the fire extinguishing method which can extinguish a zone fire effectively, without consuming a large amount of nonflammable liquids, such as water.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The fire-extinguishing nozzle according to the present invention includes a fluid chamber having a liquid inlet for introducing a non-flammable liquid, a gas inlet for introducing a non-flammable gas, and a fluid outlet for ejecting the liquid or gas to the outside. Here, the fluid chamber corresponds to the chamber shown in the above publication.
[0009]
In the present invention, the fluid chamber is divided into a plurality of small chambers each having the liquid inlet, the gas inlet, and the fluid outlet. Therefore, it becomes possible to eject a nonflammable liquid or a nonflammable gas as a whole from a fluid outlet of each small chamber as a whole. Therefore, the initial fire extinguishing can be performed in a wide range for the size of the fire extinguishing nozzle, and compared with the conventional nozzle described in the gazette described at the beginning, the number of installation is reduced and the cost is reduced. It becomes easy to plan. Also, even if the other chambers are not necessarily filled with nonflammable liquid, spraying effective for initial fire extinguishing is started from the fluid outlet of the chamber filled with nonflammable liquid. Will be performed quickly (improvement of initial fire fighting performance).
[0010]
In the present invention, each of the plurality of small chambers is provided with fluid control means for ejecting the liquid introduced into the small chambers from the fluid outlet in a diffusion state. Therefore, when the introduction of the nonflammable gas is stopped and only the nonflammable liquid is introduced, the nonflammable liquid can be diffused and ejected as water droplets having a relatively large particle diameter. In this regard, simply introducing non-flammable liquid without fluid control means and ejecting it from the outlet means that the non-flammable liquid is sprayed in a rod shape without being sprayed in a diffuse state, and the expected fire-extinguishing effect is It can no longer be obtained.
[0011]
And in the present invention, the fluid control means is a fluid control chip provided with a screw blade which gives a swirling flow in the liquid or the gas is introduced into the chamber is deployed to the chamber. According to this, after the incombustible liquid or incombustible gas introduced into the small chamber flows in the swirl direction along the screw blades, it is ejected from the fluid outlet to the outside in a good diffusion state effective for extinguishing fire .
[0012]
The small chamber can be formed by an internal space of a hollow nozzle tip attached to a nozzle body provided with a nonflammable liquid feed port and a nonflammable gas feed port, and adopting this configuration This facilitates the production of the fire extinguishing nozzle. Further, the nozzle body includes a liquid passage for individually communicating the incombustible liquid supply port and the liquid inlet of the small chamber of each nozzle chip, and the incombustible gas supply port and the gas inlet of the small chamber of each nozzle chip. It is desirable to employ a configuration in which gas passages that are individually communicated are provided. With this configuration, the effect of improving the initial fire extinguishing performance is more significantly exhibited.
[0013]
In the present invention, the plurality of nozzle chips attached to the nozzle body are divided into a center chip at the center and side chips arranged in an annular shape around the center chip. The direction of each of the fluid outlets of the plurality of side tip chambers with respect to the direction of the fluid outlet is preferably determined in a radial direction inclined with respect to the axis of the fluid outlet of the center tip chamber. According to this, the range in which the incombustible liquid can be sprayed by a single fire-extinguishing nozzle is widened, and the incombustible liquid is sprayed uniformly throughout the spray range, so that the fire-extinguishing performance is improved. improves.
[0014]
Next, in the fire extinguishing method according to the present invention, a first fire extinguishing step of performing an action of cooling the source of fire and an action of suffocating by ejecting a mist of water toward the source of the fire at the initial stage of the fire, After the first fire extinguishing step, a second fire extinguishing step is performed in which mist droplets containing water droplets having a particle size larger than the mist are ejected to the fire source and the fire source is cooled to a temperature below the ignition temperature. Is called.
[0015]
In this fire extinguishing method, in the first step, the fire source is cooled and suffocated, and an excellent flame extinguishing action is exhibited. In particular, in the case of a compartment fire, the strong fire at the beginning of the fire efficiently changes the mist of water into water vapor, so that the water vapor accumulates and fills the compartment early and exhibits a very large flame suppression effect. This first step is desirably performed only in the early stage of the occurrence of a strong fire, and when the fire is weakened, the vaporization of the mist is hardly promoted. Since the fog source containing water droplets having a particle diameter larger than that of the mist is ejected in the second process to the fire source element in which the fire power has decreased in the first process, the temperature of the fire source element is equal to or lower than the ignition temperature by the fog droplets. The fire is extinguished after being cooled to.
[0016]
According to this fire extinguishing method, the energy for steaming the water mist in the initial stage of the fire is obtained by the fire source, so there is no need to provide energy for steaming the water mist. At the same time, since the fire source is used as energy for steaming, there is an advantage that the time required to weaken the fire source is shortened and the initial fire extinguishing is performed efficiently.
[0017]
In the fire extinguishing method according to the present invention, the above-described fire-extinguishing nozzle is used , and a flammable liquid and a non-flammable gas are introduced into each of the plurality of small chambers of the fire-extinguishing nozzle, and mist is diffused from the fluid outlet of each small chamber. The first fire extinguishing step is carried out by ejecting to a state, using the fire extinguishing nozzle, introducing only non-combustible liquid into each of the plurality of small chambers of the fire extinguishing nozzle, and larger than the mist from the fluid outlet of each small chamber The said 2nd fire extinguishing process is performed by ejecting the mist droplet containing the water droplet of a particle diameter.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1 is a front view of a fire-extinguishing nozzle according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of the fire-extinguishing nozzle, and FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion along line III-III in FIG.
[0019]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fire-extinguishing nozzle is provided with a truncated cone-shaped head portion 12 which is tapered at the tip of a nozzle body 10 having an outer peripheral surface formed in a substantially cylindrical surface. A center chip 31 to be described later is attached to the center of the end face of the head portion 12, and a plurality of side chips 32 to be described later are attached to the inclined outer peripheral surface of the head portion 12 at equal intervals.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 3, the nozzle body 10 is formed by a joint member 20 on the base side thereof and a head member 25 attached concentrically to the joint member 20, and the head portion 12 described above is formed on the head member 25. In addition, seal materials 61 and 62 that maintain water tightness are interposed at necessary portions of the joint portion between the joint member 20 and the head member 25. As can be seen from FIG. 3, an air reservoir chamber 11, which is a relatively wide space, is formed in the axial direction in the center of the nozzle body 10, and the air supply port 13 communicates with the air reservoir chamber 11. . In addition, a water reservoir chamber 14 is formed in an annular shape around the air reservoir chamber 11, and a water supply port 15 is communicated with one place of the water reservoir chamber 14.
[0021]
The mounting opening 16 of the center chip 31 described above is formed in a recessed shape at the center of the nozzle body 10 on the tip side, and the mounting openings of the side chips 32 described above are provided at a plurality of locations around the mounting opening 16. The parts 17 are formed in a recessed shape at regular intervals. An air passage 33 extending straight forward from the front end of the air reservoir chamber 11 communicates with the bottom of the center chip mounting port portion 16, and from the front end of the air reservoir chamber 11 to the air reservoir chamber 11. An air passage 34 extending in a radial direction inclined with respect to the axis communicates with the bottom of the side chip attachment port portion 17. Here, the air passage 34 is provided separately for each side chip attachment opening 17. Further, a water passage 35 extending straight forward from the front end of the water reservoir chamber 14 communicates with the bottom of the side tip mounting port portion 17, and from the front end of the water reservoir chamber 14 to the water reservoir chamber 14. A water passage 36 extending in the centripetal direction inclined with respect to the axis line communicates with the bottom of the center chip attachment port portion 16. Here, the water passage 35 is provided separately for each side chip attachment opening 17. Further, the water passage 36 extends from one or a plurality of locations of the water reservoir chamber 14 and communicates with the bottom of the center chip attachment port portion 16.
[0022]
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the center chip 31 has a cylindrical mounting portion 37 having a male screw screwed to the female screw of the center chip mounting port portion 16, and a tip portion 38 provided continuously to the mounting portion 37. It is a hollow body, and its internal space is formed as a small chamber 39 having an air inlet 33a and a water inlet 36a communicating with the air passage 33 and the water passage 36, and one fluid outlet is provided at the center of the end face of the tip portion 38. 41 is formed. In the center chip 31 shown in the figure, the fluid outlet 41 is formed by a circular small hole 42 on the small chamber 39 side and a widening open hole 43 continuous to the small hole 42. The side chip 32 has the same configuration as the center chip 31. That is, the nozzle tips having the same configuration are used for the center chip 31 and the side chip 32, and the nozzle chip attached to the side chip attachment port portion 17 functions as the side chip 32, and the center chip attachment port portion 16. The nozzle chip attached to the nozzle functions as the center chip 31. Therefore, in the side chip 32, the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as the center chip 31. In addition, 34a is an air inlet and 35a is a water inlet.
[0023]
The internal volumes of the small chambers 39 of the center chip 31 and the side chip 32 are very small compared to the internal volumes of the air reservoir chamber 11 and the water reservoir chamber 14 described above. Therefore, in a state where the air reservoir chamber 11 is filled with air and the water reservoir chamber 14 is filled with water, the center chip 31 is supplied by air supply to the air reservoir chamber 11 or water supply to the water reservoir chamber 14 thereafter. A stable amount of air or water is fed into each small chamber 39 of the side chip 32.
[0024]
Each small chamber 39 of the center chip 31 and the side chip 32 is provided with a fluid control means 70 formed of a small chip. 5 and 6 show specific examples of the fluid control means 70. FIG. That is, FIG. 5 is a front view of the fluid control means 70, and FIG. 6 is a view taken in the direction of arrow VI in FIG. The fluid control means 70 includes two screw blades 72 and 72 whose inclination directions are opposite to each other so as to intersect the X shape in a side view, and extend between the base portions of the screw blades. A partition wall 71 is provided. The illustrated fluid control means 70 is formed by vertically cutting left and right halves of a predetermined length of a cylindrical bar. Therefore, the outer outline a of the front projection image is a perfect circle. In the fire extinguishing nozzle of the illustrated example, the fluid control means 70 is fixed so as not to rotate by appropriate means such as press fitting into the small chambers 39 of the center chip 31 and the side chip 32.
[0025]
In the fire-extinguishing nozzle described above, the orientation of the fluid outlets 41 of the plurality of side tips 32 with respect to the direction of the fluid outlet 41 of the chamber 39 of the center tip 31 depends on the fluid in the chamber 39 of the center tip 31. The radial direction is determined with respect to the axis of the outlet 41.
[0026]
In the fire-extinguishing nozzle of this embodiment, the chamber (fluid chamber) of the conventional nozzle described at the beginning is divided into a plurality of chambers such as the chamber 39 of the center chip 31 and the chambers 39 of the side chips 32. Therefore, water as a nonflammable liquid is continuously supplied from the water supply port 15 to the water reservoir chamber 14 and air as a nonflammable gas is continuously supplied from the air supply port 13 to the air reservoir chamber 11. Then, the water in the water reservoir chamber 14 flows into the small chambers 39 of the center chip 31 and the side chip 32 through the water passages 35 and 36, and the air in the air reservoir chamber 11 passes through the air passages 34 and 35 and It flows into each small chamber 39 of the side chip 32. Therefore, water and air are mixed and stirred in each small chamber 39. In addition, a swirl flow is given to the water and air by the action of the fluid control means 70 provided in each of the small chambers 39, so that water and air are mixed and stirred vigorously. As a result, water and air are continuously ejected from the fluid outlet 41 of the center chip 31 or the side chip 32 in a good diffusion state effective for fire extinguishing. The fact that the fluid outlet 41 is formed by the small-diameter hole 42 and the open hole 43 also helps to maintain a good diffusion state.
[0027]
In the fire extinguishing nozzle of the illustrated example, a plurality of side tips 32 are attached to the head portion 12 of the nozzle body 10 in an inclined manner as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the center of the end surface of the head portion 12 is centered. Since the tip 31 is attached, the water ejected from each of the fluid outlets 41 of the respective tips 31 and 32 is ejected in a very wide range as a whole, and the center is located inside the ejection region. Since water is ejected from the fluid outlet 41 of the chip 31, water is uniformly sprayed on the source of the fire. Further, as long as the air reservoir chamber 11 is filled with air and the water reservoir chamber 14 is filled with water, the mixing and stirring degree of water and air in a specific small chamber 39 is different from the water in the other small chamber 39. Since it is hardly affected by the degree of mixing and stirring with air, water spraying suitable for the mixing and stirring state in each small chamber 39 is performed, and spraying effective for initial fire extinguishing is started in a short time.
[0028]
In the fire-extinguishing nozzle of the illustrated example, when the operation of feeding air A to the air feeding port 13 and feeding water W to the water feeding port 15 is performed together, each of the center chip 31 and the side chip 32 is performed. From the fluid outlets 41, water mixed with air is ejected in a diffused state. On the other hand, when the operation of shutting off the air supply to the air supply port 13 and supplying water to the water supply port 15 is performed, the fluid outlets 41 of the center chip 31 and the side chip 32 are used. The water that is not mixed with air spouts in a diffuse state. Moreover, in the former operation in which air-mixed water is ejected in a diffused state, the ejected water becomes a mist with a very small particle diameter, whereas in the latter operation in which only water is ejected in a diffused state, the ejected water Becomes a mist containing water droplets having a particle size larger than that of the mist. If this action is used properly, it will have a great effect especially in extinguishing fires at the site of a zone fire. Such a fire extinguishing method will be described next.
[0029]
That is, in this fire-extinguishing method, a first fire-extinguishing process that performs an action of cooling and suffocating the source of water by ejecting a mist of water toward the source of the fire at the initial stage of the fire, Then, a second fire extinguishing step is performed in which mist droplets containing water droplets having a particle diameter larger than that of the mist are ejected to the fire source and the fire source is cooled to a temperature equal to or lower than the ignition temperature.
[0030]
The particle diameter of water mist ejected toward the source of fire in the first step can be set to about 100 μm. The particle diameter of the mist can be increased or decreased by adjusting the amount of water or air introduced into each of the small chambers 39 or adjusting the pressure. During the initial stage of fire, for example, for the first 5 minutes after the fire, the source of fire is strong. Therefore, if water mist is ejected in a diffused state toward the source of the fire at the beginning of the fire, the mist is efficiently vaporized by the strong fire power, and the generated water vapor accumulates and fills the compartment at an early stage. Cooling and suffocation are performed and an excellent anti-inflammatory effect is exhibited.
[0031]
If the first step is performed in the early stage of the occurrence of a strong fire in this manner, the fire at the source of the fire quickly declines. Therefore, in the second step, by spraying mist droplets containing water droplets having a particle size larger than the mist, The source is cooled to a temperature below the ignition temperature, and complete extinguishing.
[0032]
In the fire-extinguishing nozzle described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, one center tip 31 and eight side tips 32 are provided, and the diameter of the small hole 42 of the fluid outlet 41 provided in each small chamber 39 is 3. When the diameter of each of the water passages 33 and 35 and the air passages 33 and 34 is set to 2.5 mm and the water pressure and air pressure are set to 0.5 MPa, the amount of water ejected from the fluid outlet 41 is 30 liters / min. It will be about. Under these conditions, it has been confirmed that complete fire extinguishing for a compartment fire is performed in a short time.
[0033]
FIG. 4 shows a modification of the fire extinguishing nozzle. In this fire-extinguishing nozzle, a water supply port is formed concentrically at the base of the nozzle body 10, and a water reservoir chamber 14 is provided in the supply port 15 via a passage 15a. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same or corresponding parts, and detailed description is omitted to avoid duplication of description.
[0034]
In the embodiment described above, water is used as the nonflammable liquid and air is used as the nonflammable gas. However, in this respect, another nonflammable liquid that can be used for fire fighting activities is used as the nonflammable liquid. It is possible, as well as other non-flammable gases such as nitrogen that can be used for fire fighting activities as non-flammable gases.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the fire-extinguishing nozzle according to the present invention can perform fire-extinguishing in a wide range for its size. Also, since one fluid chamber is divided into a plurality of chambers and each chamber is provided with a fluid control means, even in the case of a two-fluid spray discharge of a nonflammable gas and a nonflammable liquid, one fluid spray of only the nonflammable liquid Even in the case of release, it is possible to eject a liquid having an expected particle size. Furthermore, spraying from the fluid outlets of the remaining small chambers can be performed satisfactorily without being significantly affected by the quality of the spraying state from the fluid outlets of the other small chambers at the initial stage of the fire.
[0036]
According to the fire extinguishing method according to the present invention, it is possible to effectively extinguish a compartment fire without wasting a large amount of non-combustible liquid such as water.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a fire-extinguishing nozzle according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the fire-extinguishing nozzle.
3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion taken along line III-III in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a modified example of a fire extinguishing nozzle.
FIG. 5 is a front view of fluid control means.
6 is a view taken along arrow VI in FIG. 5;
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Nozzle body 13 Air supply port (Non-combustible gas supply port)
15 Water feed port (Nonflammable liquid feed port)
31 Center tip (nozzle tip)
32 Side tip (nozzle tip)
33, 34 Air passage (gas passage)
33a, 34a Air inlet (gas inlet)
35, 36 Water passage (liquid passage)
35a, 36a Water inlet (liquid inlet)
39 Small chamber 41 Fluid outlet 70 Fluid control means 72 Screw blade

Claims (4)

In a fire-extinguishing nozzle comprising a fluid inlet having a liquid inlet for introducing a non-flammable liquid, a gas inlet for introducing a non-flammable gas, and a fluid outlet for ejecting the liquid or gas to the outside,
The fluid chamber is divided into a plurality of small chambers individually having the liquid inlet, the gas inlet, and the fluid outlet, and the liquid introduced into the small chamber is diffused from the fluid outlet into each of the small chambers. A fire-extinguishing nozzle equipped with a fluid control means for jetting,
The fire-extinguishing nozzle, wherein the fluid control means is a fluid control chip provided with screw blades that are arranged in the small chamber and give a swirl flow to the liquid or the gas introduced into the small chamber.   The small chamber is formed by an inner space of a hollow nozzle tip attached to a nozzle body provided with a nonflammable liquid feed port and a nonflammable gas feed port, and the nozzle body is provided with the nonflammable liquid feed port. A liquid passage for individually communicating a feeding port and a liquid inlet of a small chamber of each nozzle tip and a gas passage for individually communicating the non-flammable gas feeding port and a gas inlet of a small chamber of each nozzle tip are provided. The fire-extinguishing nozzle described in 1.   The plurality of nozzle tips attached to the nozzle body are divided into a center tip in the center and side tips arranged in an annular shape around the center tip, and the direction of the fluid outlet of the center tip chamber The fire-extinguishing nozzle according to claim 2, wherein the orientation of each of the fluid outlets of the plurality of side tip chambers with respect to is determined in a radial direction inclined with respect to the axis of the fluid outlet of the center tip chamber. The first fire extinguishing step for performing the action of cooling and suffocating the fire source by ejecting mist of water toward the source of the fire in the early stage of the fire, and the fire source after performing the first fire extinguishing step In a fire extinguishing method that performs a second fire extinguishing step that initially ejects mist droplets containing water droplets having a particle size larger than the mist and cools the source of the fire to a temperature below the ignition temperature ,
Using the fire-extinguishing nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, introducing a non-flammable liquid and a non-flammable gas into each of the plurality of small chambers of the fire-extinguishing nozzle, and removing mist from the fluid outlet of each small chamber. The first fire extinguishing step is performed by ejecting into a diffusion state,
Using the fire-extinguishing nozzle, only non-combustible liquid is introduced into each of the plurality of chambers of the fire-extinguishing nozzle, and mist droplets containing water droplets having a particle size larger than mist are ejected from the fluid outlet of each chamber. Fire extinguishing method characterized by performing 2 fire extinguishing processes .

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