JP4616981B2 - New active substances, their production and use - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は医薬または殺虫剤として利用可能なGABA受容体−塩素イオンチャネル複合体(GRC)阻害活性を有する新規活性物質、その製造法および用途に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来様々な構造や作用性を有する殺虫剤が利用されてきたが、近年抵抗性を獲得した害虫個体群の出現、より高い選択毒性を有する薬剤に対する要望により、新しい系統の殺虫剤がさらに一層求められている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
γ−アミノ酪酸(GABA)は、昆虫の中枢および末梢神経における神経伝達物質であり、歩行、飛翔などの運動の制御に重要な働きをすることが知られているが、哺乳動物の場合GABAは中枢神経系でのみ作用することや,昆虫と哺乳動物の受容体の構造に違いがあることから昆虫のGABA作動性神経を撹乱する物質は、昆虫に高い選択性を示す新しい殺虫剤となることが期待される。一方、上記のようにGABAは哺乳動物の中枢神経系で抑制性神経伝達物質として重要な機能を担っており、GABA受容体に阻害活性を有する物質は医薬としても利用が可能であると思われる。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、より有効かつ安全な新規殺虫活性物質を見出すべく、幅広く微生物を採取、培養し、GRCのピクロトキシニン結合部位に特異的に作用する化合物を、同部位の特異的阻害剤として知られている4'−エチニル−4−n−プロピルビシクロオルソベンゾエート(EBOB)の結合阻害物質のスクリーニングを行うことにより検索した結果、アスペルギルス属に属する特定の菌を培養することによって、EBOB結合阻害物質が培養物中に生産、蓄積されることを見いだし、その有効成分を採取することに成功した。その有効成分の1つであるPF1198A物質は、ぺニシリウム(Penicillium)属の生産する代謝産物として報告されているアラントリピノン(J.Nat.Prod.,61,1154-1157,1998)と同一物質であり、もう1つの有効成分は、新規なPF1198B物質であることを明らかにした。これまでにぺニシリウム属でのアラントリピノンの報告はあるが、アスペルギルス属に属する微生物でのアラントリピノンの生産は、本発明が始めてである。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
第1の本発明の要旨とするところは、前記の式(2)で表わされる、下記の理化学的性状を有する新規物質PF1198B物質にある。
1. PF1198B物質の理化学的性状
(1) 色および性状 : 白色粉末
(2) 分子式 : C21H16N4O4
(3) マススペクトル (FAB-MS) : 389 (MH+)
(4) 融点(分解点) : 250℃以上
(5) 比旋光度 : [α]D = +21.7゜(c 0.1, MeOH)
(6) 紫外線吸収スペクトル(MeOH λmax nm): 212(ε=40250), 257(ε=11120), 266(ε=11430), 277(ε=9380), 303(ε=5030), 316(ε=3700)
(7) 赤外線吸収スペクトル (KBr cm−1) : 1710, 1622, 1472
(8) 1H-NMRスペクトル (400MHz, DMSO-d6)
δ(ppm) : 2.36 (1H, dd), 2.42 (1H, dd), 3.57 (1H, d), 3.72 (1H, d), 4.67 br (OH), 5.55 (1H, dd), 6.89 (1H, d), 7.08 (1H, dt), 7.22 (1H, d), 7.30 (1H, dt), 7.61 (1H, dt), 7.75 (1H, d), 7.89 (1H, ddd), 9.53 (NH, br), 10.52 (NH, br)
(9) 13C NMR スペクトル (100MHz, DMSO-d6)
δ(ppm) : 37.5, 52.0, 52.5, 57.8, 64.9, 109.7, 120.1, 122.0, 123.8, 126.2, 127.2, 127.7, 129.0, 129.6, 134.6, 142.5, 146.6, 152.2, 158.2, 169.4, 176.8
(10) 溶解性 : ピリジンに可溶、水に難溶。
【0006】
第2の本発明の要旨とするところは、アスペルギルス属に属するPF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質の生産菌を培養し、その培養物からPF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質を採取することを特徴とするPF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質の製造法にある。本発明に使用できるPF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質の生産菌の一例としては、本発明者らにより新たに分離されたアスペルギルス属PF1198株がある。
【0007】
2. アスペルギルス属PF1198株の菌学的性状
本菌株の菌学的性状は次のとおりである。
【0008】
(1) 生育状態
ツアペック酵母エキス寒天培地上で生育良く、25℃、7日間の培養でコロニーの直径35〜40mmに達する。淡黄色、ベルベット状、放射状のシワを生じ、中央が盛り上がり、厚い菌糸層からなる。分生子は周辺部に多数生じる。裏面は黄褐色となる。
麦芽エキス寒天培地上で生育良く、25℃、7日間の培養の培養でコロニーの直径25〜28mmに達する。淡黄色、ベルベット状〜羊毛状、平坦、薄い菌糸層からなる。分生子はまばらに生じる。裏面は黄色となる。
ツアペック寒天培地上で生育良く、25℃、7日間の培養の培養でコロニーの直径30〜35mmに達する。黄白色、ベルベット状、平坦、薄い菌糸層からなる。分生子はまばらに生じる。裏面は淡黄土色となる。
37℃の培養では、どの培地でも25℃の培養より生育が良い。
【0009】
(2) 形態的特徴
分生子柄は、滑面、150〜250 x 5〜7.5 μm、アスペルジラは2段よりなり、頂のうは半球形、12.5〜17.5 μm、上部1/2よりメトレを生じる。メトレは5〜7.5 x 2〜2.5 μm、フィアライドは6.5〜8 x 1.5〜2 μmである。分生子は球形〜亜球形、2〜3 μm、滑面である。
以上の菌学的性状より本菌株はアスペルギルス属に属すると考えられる。
なお、本菌株は工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所にFERM P-16681として寄託されている。
【0010】
PF1198株は他のカビに見られるようにその性状が変化し易い。例えば、PF1198株に由来する突然変異株(自然発生または誘発性)、形質接合体または遺伝子組換体であっても、PF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質を生産するものはすべて本発明に使用できる。
【0011】
3. PF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質の生産菌の培養法
本発明の方法では、アスペルギルス属に属するPF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質の生産菌を通常の微生物が利用し得る栄養物を含有する培地で培養する。栄養源としては、従来カビの培養に利用されている公知のものが使用できる。例えば、炭素源としては、グルコース、シュクロース、水飴、デキストリン、澱粉、グリセロール、糖蜜、動植物油などを使用し得る。また、窒素源としては、大豆粉、小麦胚芽、コーン・スティープ・リカー、綿実粕、肉エキス、ペプトン、酵母エキス、硫酸アンモニウム、硝酸ナトリウム、尿素などを使用し得る。その他必要に応じてナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、コバルト、塩素、燐酸、硫酸およびその他のイオンを生成することができる無機塩類を添加することは有効である。また、菌の発育を助け、PF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質の生産を促進するような有機物および無機物を適当に添加することができる。
【0012】
培養法としては、好気的条件での培養法、特に静置培養法が最も適している。培養に適当な温度は25〜30℃であるが、多くの場合26℃付近で培養する。PF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質の生産は培地や培養条件によって異なるが、静置培養、振とう培養、タンク培養のいずれにおいても、通常2〜14日間でその蓄積が最高に達する。 培養物中のPF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質の蓄積が最高になった時に培養を停止し、培養物から目的物質を単離、精製する。
【0013】
4. PF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質の製造法
培養物中に生産されるPF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質は、その理化学的性状に従って培養物から精製することが可能である。例えば、有機溶媒を用いて培養物よりPF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質を抽出した後、吸着剤を用いた吸脱着法、ゲル濾過剤を用いた分子分配法、 適当な溶剤からの再結晶法などを用いて精製することが可能である。例えば、有効成分を含む培養物を酢酸エチルにより抽出する。抽出液を減圧濃縮し、この抽出物を少量のクロロホルム、酢酸エチルなどの有機溶剤に溶解し、クロロホルム/メタノール、ヘキサン/アセトンまたはヘキサン/酢酸エチルなどの溶媒系で繰り返しシリカゲルクロマトグラフィ−を行うことによりPF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質の混合物として精製することができる。必要に応じてセファデックス LH-20(ファルマシアファインケミカルズ社製)等のゲル濾過をメタノール等で溶出することにより精製できる。 PF1198A物質および PF1198B物質を含む分画を減圧濃縮した後、分取薄層シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(メルク社製 TLC plates 20x20cm Silica gel 60 F254)などで有機溶剤を適宜用いて展開することにより、PF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質をそれぞれ単離することができる。
【0014】
さらに第3の本発明の要旨とするところは、本発明のPF1198A物質および PF1198B物質の用途にある。すなわち、本発明のPF1198A物質および PF1198B物質は後記の試験例に示すようにGABA受容体阻害活性を有しており、ヒトを含む動物に医薬としての利用が期待される。またPF1198A物質および PF1198B物質は、後記の試験例に示すようにモモアカアブラムシに対する殺虫活性を有しており、殺虫剤として有用である。
【0015】
本発明のPF1198A物質および PF1198B物質を医薬として投与する場合、種々の投与形態または使用形態に合わせて、常法にしたがって製剤化することができる。
【0016】
経口投与のための製剤としては、錠剤、丸剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤、散剤、液剤、懸濁剤、シロップ剤、舌下剤などが挙げられる。また非経口投与のための製剤としては、注射剤、経皮吸収剤、吸入剤、座剤などが挙げられる。製剤化に際しては、界面活性剤、賦形剤、安定化剤、湿潤剤、崩壊剤、溶解補助剤、等張剤、緩衝剤、着色剤などの医薬用添加剤を適宜使用できる。
【0017】
医薬としての投与量は、患者の年齢、体重、疾病の種類や程度、投与経路により異なるが、ヒトに経口投与する場合には成人一人当たり一日に0.02mg/kg〜200mg/kg、静脈投与の場合には同じく0.01mg/kg〜100mg/kgの範囲で投与する。
【0018】
本発明のPF1198A物質および PF1198B物質を殺虫剤として用いる場合には、適当な担体にこれらの有効成分を0.1〜80重量%含む殺虫剤組成物とする。用いられる担体としては、クレー、ベントナイト、酸性白土、タルク、珪藻土などの固体担体、ケロシン、トルエン、キシレン、メタノール、エタノール、エチレングリコール、酢酸エチル、アセトニトリル、ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルホルムアミドなどの液体担体などが挙げられる。さらに、これらに界面活性剤、殺菌剤、香料などの製剤用の補助剤を含有してもよい。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下に本発明の実施例を示すが、これは単なる一例であって本発明を限定するものではない。ここに例示しなかった多くの変法あるいは修飾手段を用い得ることは勿論のことである。
【0020】
実施例1
種培地として、スターチ 2.0%、グルコース 1.0%、ポリペプトン 0.5%、小麦胚芽 0.6%、酵母エキス 0.3%、大豆粕 0.2%、炭酸カルシウム 0.2%の組成からなる培地を用いた。また、生産培地として、十分吸水させた米に大豆粕 2.5%を添加した固形培地を用いた。なお、殺菌前pHはすべてpH7.0に調整して使用した。
前記の種培地(20ml)を分注した100ml容三角フラスコを120℃で15分間殺菌し、これにアスペルギルス PF1198株の斜面寒天培養の1白金耳を接種し、25℃で2日間振とう培養して種培養とした。ついで、前記の生産培地(100g)を分注した500ml容三角フラスコ80本を120℃で15分間殺菌し、これに前記の種培地(各3ml)を接種し、28℃で14日間静置培養した。この培養物に65%アセトン水溶液16L加え、ろ過後得られた培養液(15 L)を減圧下、アセトンを留去し、濃縮液(8 L)とした。この濃縮液を、酢酸エチル(10 L)で抽出後、減圧下溶媒を留去し、油状物質(32 g)を得た。この油状物質をヘキサンで洗浄後、シリカゲルカラム(和光純薬社製 ワコーゲルC-300, 1000g )の上部に載せ、クロロホルム−メタノール(20:1)を展開溶媒とするクロマトグラフィーを行い、溶出液を15mlずつ分画した。溶出されたEBOB結合阻害活性画分を合わせ濃縮乾固し、褐色粉末 (950mg)を得た。この粉末をメタノールとジエチルエーテル混合溶媒から再結晶し淡黄色粉末状のPF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質の混合物(700 mg)を得た。この混合物の一部80mgを用いヘキサン/アセトン(1:1)の混合溶媒を展開溶媒とするシリカゲル薄層分取クロマトグラフィー(メルク社製 TLC plates 20x20cm Silica gel 60 F254)を行いRf値0.57の画分よりPF1198A物質を12.7mg、Rf値0.46の画分よりPF1198B物質を6.4mg単離した。
【0021】
試験例1 EBOB結合阻害活性
[イエバエ神経膜画分GABA受容体阻害試験]
羽化5〜10日後のイエバエ成虫頭部を0.25Msucrose /10mM Tris-HCl buffer(pH7.5)中でガラス−テフロン(登録商標)ホモジナイザーを用いて磨砕し、4重にした64μmメッシュナイロンスクリーンでろ過した後、ろ液を500×gで5分間遠心分離した。上清を再度同様にろ過した後25,000×g で30分間遠心分離し、沈殿を300mM NaCl/ 10mM sodium phosphate buffer中に懸濁し氷冷下30分間放置した。この懸濁液を再び25,000×g で30分間遠心分離し、沈殿を300mM NaCl/ 10mM sodium phosphate buffer中に懸濁し、ただちに以下の実験に用いた。
供試化合物を微量のDMSOに溶解し、0.5nM[3H]EBOB(デュポン/NENリサーチプロダクツ社製)を添加した上記イエバエ頭部磨砕懸濁液1.0ml中22℃で70分間インキュベートした。その後、神経膜画分をGF/Bガラス濾紙(ワットマン社製)上に24穴セルハーベスタ(ブランデル社製)を用いてろ集し、氷冷した5mlの300mMNaCl / 10mM sodium phosphate buffer で2回洗浄した。濾紙上の膜画分に結合した[3H]EBOBの放射活性を液体シンチレーションカウンター(ベックマン社製)を用いて測定し、供試化合物添加区の全結合(dpm)を求めた。
供試化合物を用いない区を対照区として、各供試化合物処理区の非特異的結合(dpm)は、上記条件下5μMの非放射ラベルEBOBを添加して求めた。
上記膜画分にたいする[3H]EBOBの特異的結合を次式にしたがい求めた。
【式1】
供試化合物の[3H]EBOB 特異的結合阻害度(%)を次式にしたがい求めた。
【式2】
この結果、10μM処理における[3H]EBOB 特異的結合阻害度はPF1198A物質で91%、PF1198B物質で73%であった。
【0022】
試験例 2
[モモアカアブラムシに対する殺虫試験]
直径50mmのプラスチックシャーレに調製した寒天上にキャベツリーフディスク(直径2.8cm)を載せ、少量のアセトンに溶解した後500ppmの濃度に希釈した供試化合物溶液0.5mlを、散布塔を用いて散布した。キャベツリーフディスクにモモアカアブラムシ仔虫10頭を放飼しシャーレに蓋をして室温25℃の恒温室内で放置した。試験は4反復で行い、散布3日後に生死虫数を調査して、次式にしたがい死虫率(%)を求めた。
【式3】
この結果、PF1198A物質処理区の死虫率は100%、PF1198B物質処理区の死虫率は100%であった。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
本発明のPF1198A物質およびPF1198B物質は、GABA受容体−塩素イオンチャネル複合体(GRC)を特異的に阻害する物質であり、医薬あるいは殺虫剤として使用することが可能である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel active substance having a GABA receptor-chloride channel complex (GRC) inhibitory activity that can be used as a pharmaceutical or an insecticide, a production method thereof, and use thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Insecticides with various structures and activities have been used in the past, but in recent years, the emergence of pest populations that have acquired resistance, and the demand for drugs with higher selective toxicity, there is a further need for new types of insecticides. It has been.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nerves of insects and is known to play an important role in the control of movements such as walking and flight. In mammals, GABA is Substances that disrupt GABAergic nerves of insects because they act only in the central nervous system and have differences in the structure of insect and mammalian receptors can be new insecticides that are highly selective for insects. There is expected. On the other hand, GABA plays an important role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammals as described above, and substances that have inhibitory activity on GABA receptors may be used as pharmaceuticals. .
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to find a more effective and safe novel insecticidal active substance, the present inventors have collected and cultured a wide range of microorganisms, and have known a compound that specifically acts on the picrotoxinin binding site of GRC as a specific inhibitor at that site. As a result of screening by screening for a binding inhibitor of 4′-ethynyl-4-n-propylbicycloorthobenzoate (EBOB), an EBOB binding inhibitor can be obtained by culturing a specific bacterium belonging to the genus Aspergillus. Was found to be produced and accumulated in the culture, and the active ingredients were successfully collected. One of its active ingredients, PF1198A, is the same substance as Alantripinone (J. Nat. Prod., 61, 1154-1157, 1998) reported as a metabolite produced by the genus Penicillium. The other active ingredient was revealed to be a novel PF1198B substance. Although there has been a report of Alantripinone in the genus Penicillium so far, the present invention is the first production of Arantripinone in a microorganism belonging to the genus Aspergillus.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The gist of the first aspect of the present invention resides in the novel substance PF1198B represented by the above formula (2) and having the following physicochemical properties.
1. Physicochemical properties of substance PF1198B
(1) Color and properties: white powder
(2) Molecular formula: C 21 H 16 N 4 O 4
(3) Mass spectrum (FAB-MS): 389 (MH + )
(4) Melting point (decomposition point): 250 ℃ or higher
(5) Specific rotation: [α] D = + 21.7 ° (c 0.1, MeOH)
(6) UV absorption spectrum (MeOH λmax nm): 212 (ε = 40250), 257 (ε = 11120), 266 (ε = 11430), 277 (ε = 9380), 303 (ε = 5030), 316 (ε = 3700)
(7) Infrared absorption spectrum (KBr cm -1 ): 1710, 1622, 1472
(8) 1 H-NMR spectrum (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 )
δ (ppm): 2.36 (1H, dd), 2.42 (1H, dd), 3.57 (1H, d), 3.72 (1H, d), 4.67 br (OH), 5.55 (1H, dd), 6.89 (1H, d), 7.08 (1H, dt), 7.22 (1H, d), 7.30 (1H, dt), 7.61 (1H, dt), 7.75 (1H, d), 7.89 (1H, ddd), 9.53 (NH, br ), 10.52 (NH, br)
(9) 13 C NMR spectrum (100 MHz, DMSO-d 6 )
δ (ppm): 37.5, 52.0, 52.5, 57.8, 64.9, 109.7, 120.1, 122.0, 123.8, 126.2, 127.2, 127.7, 129.0, 129.6, 134.6, 142.5, 146.6, 152.2, 158.2, 169.4, 176.8
(10) Solubility: Soluble in pyridine and hardly soluble in water.
[0006]
The gist of the second aspect of the present invention is that a PF1198A substance and a PF1198B substance that are produced by culturing PF1198A substance and PF1198B substance-producing bacteria belonging to the genus Aspergillus, and collecting the PF1198A substance and the PF1198B substance from the culture. It is in the manufacturing method. An example of a bacterium producing PF1198A and PF1198B that can be used in the present invention is Aspergillus sp. PF1198 strain newly isolated by the present inventors.
[0007]
2. Mycological properties of Aspergillus PF1198 strain The mycological properties of this strain are as follows.
[0008]
(1) Growth state It grows well on the Tuapec yeast extract agar medium, and reaches a colony diameter of 35-40 mm after culturing at 25 ° C. for 7 days. Pale yellow, velvet, and radial wrinkles are produced, and the center rises and consists of a thick hyphae layer. Many conidia occur in the periphery. The back side is tan.
It grows well on a malt extract agar medium and reaches a colony diameter of 25 to 28 mm after culturing at 25 ° C. for 7 days. It consists of pale yellow, velvet-to-wool, flat and thin mycelium layers. Conidia occur sparsely. The back side is yellow.
It grows well on a Tuapek agar medium, and reaches a colony diameter of 30 to 35 mm after culturing at 25 ° C. for 7 days. It consists of yellowish white, velvet-like, flat and thin mycelium layer. Conidia occur sparsely. The back is light ocher.
In culture at 37 ° C., any medium grows better than culture at 25 ° C.
[0009]
(2) Morphological features Conidial pattern is smooth, 150-250 x 5-7.5 μm, Aspergillus is composed of two steps, crest is hemispherical, 12.5-17.5 μm, and metre is generated from the upper half . Metre is 5 to 7.5 x 2 to 2.5 μm, and phialide is 6.5 to 8 x 1.5 to 2 μm. Conidia are spherical to subspherical, 2 to 3 μm, smooth.
From the above bacteriological properties, this strain is considered to belong to the genus Aspergillus.
This strain has been deposited as FERM P-16681 at the Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology.
[0010]
The nature of PF1198 strain is likely to change as seen in other molds. For example, any mutant strain (naturally occurring or inducible) derived from the PF1198 strain, a zygote or a gene recombinant that produces the PF1198A substance and the PF1198B substance can be used in the present invention.
[0011]
3. Method for culturing PF1198A substance and PF1198B substance producing bacteria In the method of the present invention, PF1198A substance and PF1198B substance producing bacteria belonging to the genus Aspergillus are cultured in a medium containing nutrients that can be used by ordinary microorganisms. As the nutrient source, known ones conventionally used for mold cultivation can be used. For example, glucose, sucrose, starch syrup, dextrin, starch, glycerol, molasses, animal and vegetable oils and the like can be used as the carbon source. As the nitrogen source, soybean flour, wheat germ, corn steep liquor, cottonseed meal, meat extract, peptone, yeast extract, ammonium sulfate, sodium nitrate, urea and the like can be used. In addition, it is effective to add inorganic salts capable of generating sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, cobalt, chlorine, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and other ions as required. In addition, organic substances and inorganic substances that assist the growth of bacteria and promote the production of the PF1198A substance and the PF1198B substance can be appropriately added.
[0012]
As the culture method, a culture method under aerobic conditions, particularly a stationary culture method is most suitable. A suitable temperature for culturing is 25 to 30 ° C., but in many cases, culturing is performed at around 26 ° C. The production of the PF1198A substance and the PF1198B substance varies depending on the medium and culture conditions, but the accumulation of the PF1198A substance and the PF1198B substance reaches its maximum in 2 to 14 days in any of stationary culture, shaking culture, and tank culture. When the accumulation of the PF1198A substance and the PF1198B substance in the culture reaches the maximum, the culture is stopped, and the target substance is isolated and purified from the culture.
[0013]
4. Production method of PF1198A substance and PF1198B substance The PF1198A substance and PF1198B substance produced in the culture can be purified from the culture according to their physicochemical properties. For example, after extracting the PF1198A and PF1198B substances from the culture using an organic solvent, the adsorption / desorption method using an adsorbent, the molecular partition method using a gel filter agent, the recrystallization method from an appropriate solvent, etc. And can be purified. For example, a culture containing active ingredients is extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract is concentrated under reduced pressure, this extract is dissolved in a small amount of an organic solvent such as chloroform and ethyl acetate, and silica gel chromatography is repeatedly performed in a solvent system such as chloroform / methanol, hexane / acetone or hexane / ethyl acetate. It can be purified as a mixture of PF1198A and PF1198B materials. If necessary, it can be purified by eluting gel filtration such as Sephadex LH-20 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals) with methanol or the like. After concentrating the fraction containing the PF1198A substance and PF1198B substance under reduced pressure, the PF1198A substance is developed by using an organic solvent as appropriate, such as by preparative thin layer silica gel chromatography (TLC plates 20x20cm Silica gel 60 F 254 manufactured by Merck). And PF1198B material can be isolated respectively.
[0014]
The gist of the third aspect of the present invention is the use of the PF1198A substance and the PF1198B substance of the present invention. That is, the PF1198A substance and the PF1198B substance of the present invention have a GABA receptor inhibitory activity as shown in the following test examples, and are expected to be used as pharmaceuticals for animals including humans. Further, the PF1198A substance and the PF1198B substance have insecticidal activity against the peach aphid as shown in the following test examples, and are useful as insecticides.
[0015]
When the PF1198A substance and PF1198B substance of the present invention are administered as pharmaceuticals, they can be formulated according to conventional methods according to various administration forms or usage forms.
[0016]
Examples of the preparation for oral administration include tablets, pills, granules, capsules, powders, solutions, suspensions, syrups, sublinguals and the like. Examples of preparations for parenteral administration include injections, transdermal absorption agents, inhalants, suppositories and the like. In formulating, pharmaceutical additives such as surfactants, excipients, stabilizers, wetting agents, disintegrants, solubilizers, isotonic agents, buffers, and coloring agents can be used as appropriate.
[0017]
The dosage as a medicine varies depending on the patient's age, body weight, type and degree of disease, and route of administration, but when administered orally to humans, 0.02 mg / kg to 200 mg / kg per adult per day, intravenous administration In this case, the same dose is administered in the range of 0.01 mg / kg to 100 mg / kg.
[0018]
When the PF1198A substance and the PF1198B substance of the present invention are used as insecticides, an insecticide composition containing 0.1 to 80% by weight of these active ingredients in a suitable carrier is used. Examples of the carrier used include solid carriers such as clay, bentonite, acid clay, talc and diatomaceous earth, and liquid carriers such as kerosene, toluene, xylene, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, dimethylacetamide, and dimethylformamide. Can be mentioned. Furthermore, you may contain adjuvant for preparations, such as surfactant, disinfectant, and a fragrance | flavor.
[0019]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention are shown below, but this is merely an example and does not limit the present invention. It goes without saying that many variations or modification means not exemplified here can be used.
[0020]
Example 1
As a seed medium, a medium having a composition of 2.0% starch, 1.0% glucose, 0.5% polypeptone, 0.6% wheat germ, 0.3% yeast extract, 0.2% soybean meal, and 0.2% calcium carbonate was used. As a production medium, a solid medium obtained by adding 2.5% soybean meal to sufficiently absorbed water was used. The pH before sterilization was adjusted to pH 7.0 before use.
A 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing the above seed medium (20 ml) was sterilized at 120 ° C for 15 minutes, inoculated with one platinum loop of Aspergillus PF1198 strain agar culture, and cultured with shaking at 25 ° C for 2 days. Seed culture. Next, 80 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks into which the production medium (100 g) was dispensed were sterilized at 120 ° C. for 15 minutes, inoculated with the seed medium (3 ml each), and statically cultured at 28 ° C. for 14 days. did. To this culture, 16 L of 65% acetone aqueous solution was added, and the culture solution (15 L) obtained after filtration was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated solution (8 L). The concentrated solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 L), and then the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain an oily substance (32 g). After washing this oily substance with hexane, it was placed on top of a silica gel column (Wakogel C-300, 1000 g, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and chromatographed using chloroform-methanol (20: 1) as a developing solvent. Fractionated 15 ml each. The eluted EBOB binding inhibitory activity fractions were combined and concentrated to dryness to obtain a brown powder (950 mg). This powder was recrystallized from a mixed solvent of methanol and diethyl ether to obtain a mixture (700 mg) of a PF1198A substance and a PF1198B substance as a pale yellow powder. Using 80 mg of this mixture, silica gel thin layer preparative chromatography (MLC TLC plates 20x20 cm Silica gel 60 F 254 ) was performed using a mixed solvent of hexane / acetone (1: 1) as a developing solvent, and an Rf value of 0.57 was obtained. From the fraction, 12.7 mg of PF1198A substance was isolated and 6.4 mg of PF1198B substance was isolated from the fraction having an Rf value of 0.46.
[0021]
Test Example 1 EBOB binding inhibitory activity [housefly nerve membrane fraction GABA receptor inhibition test]
5 to 10 days after emergence, the housefly adult head was ground in a 0.25 Msucrose / 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) using a glass-Teflon (registered trademark) homogenizer, and a quadruple 64 μm mesh nylon screen. After filtration, the filtrate was centrifuged at 500 × g for 5 minutes. The supernatant was again filtered in the same manner and centrifuged at 25,000 × g for 30 minutes. The precipitate was suspended in 300 mM NaCl / 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer and allowed to stand for 30 minutes under ice cooling. This suspension was centrifuged again at 25,000 × g for 30 minutes, and the precipitate was suspended in 300 mM NaCl / 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer and immediately used for the following experiment.
The test compound was dissolved in a small amount of DMSO and incubated at 22 ° C. for 70 minutes in 1.0 ml of the above-mentioned housefly head grinding suspension supplemented with 0.5 nM [ 3 H] EBOB (manufactured by DuPont / NEN Research Products). Thereafter, the neuronal membrane fraction was collected on a GF / B glass filter paper (Whatman) using a 24-well cell harvester (Brandell) and washed twice with 5 ml of ice-cooled 300 mM NaCl / 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer. . The radioactivity of [ 3 H] EBOB bound to the membrane fraction on the filter paper was measured using a liquid scintillation counter (manufactured by Beckman) to determine the total binding (dpm) of the test compound addition group.
Non-specific binding (dpm) of each test compound-treated group was determined by adding 5 μM non-radiolabeled EBOB under the above conditions, with the group not using the test compound as a control group.
Specific binding of [ 3 H] EBOB to the membrane fraction was determined according to the following equation.
[Formula 1]
[ 3 H] EBOB specific binding inhibition degree (%) of the test compound was determined according to the following formula.
[Formula 2]
As a result, the [ 3 H] EBOB specific binding inhibition degree in the 10 μM treatment was 91% for the PF1198A substance and 73% for the PF1198B substance.
[0022]
Test example 2
[Insecticide test against peach aphid]
A cabbage tree disc (2.8 cm in diameter) was placed on an agar prepared in a plastic petri dish with a diameter of 50 mm, dissolved in a small amount of acetone, and then 0.5 ml of a test compound solution diluted to a concentration of 500 ppm was sprayed using a spray tower. . Ten peach aphid larvae were released on a cabbage tree disc, and the petri dish was covered and left in a constant temperature room at 25 ° C. The test was repeated 4 times, the number of live and dead insects was investigated 3 days after spraying, and the death rate (%) was calculated according to the following formula.
[Formula 3]
As a result, the mortality rate of the PF1198A substance treatment group was 100%, and the mortality rate of the PF1198B substance treatment group was 100%.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
The PF1198A substance and PF1198B substance of the present invention are substances that specifically inhibit the GABA receptor-chloride ion channel complex (GRC), and can be used as pharmaceuticals or insecticides.
Claims (5)
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