JP4610866B2 - Energy recovery system and control method, and multiple turbine generator system and operation control method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an energy recovery system, a control method, a multi-turbine power generator system, and an operation control method, and relates to a technique for recovering energy by performing power generation using a water turbine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a building air conditioning system, heat source equipment is operated using inexpensive late-night electricity, the heat produced is stored in a heat storage tank, and the heat stored in the daytime when the air conditioning load is generated is pumped out. A regenerative air conditioning system is widely used for air conditioning. Among these, in the primary side system for producing heat, conventionally, as shown in Patent Document 1 (power recovery to the pump in the liquid circulation type air-conditioning equipment) of the reference example, an electric motor that drives the primary side cold / hot water pump is provided on both shafts. Then, the water turbine is directly connected to the non-pump side, and the water from the heat source device is received by the water turbine, the water turbine is driven by this head, the torque generated by the water turbine is transmitted to the motor, and the load ( In this case, the primary cold / hot water pump) is reduced. It is unreasonable to design and manufacture each device according to the height of the building (head of the turbine) and the air conditioning load (flow rate) in the building. In general, several types of general-purpose devices are prepared in advance, and a plurality of units are operated in parallel according to the building or load equipment specifications. The same can be said for the turbine generator that connects the turbine and the generator with the shaft, transmits the torque generated by the turbine collecting hydraulic energy to the generator, and generates power by the generator.
[0003]
When installing the turbine generators in parallel, the turbine generators are installed in parallel according to the amount of water in the installed piping system. At this time, the number of units in parallel is determined according to the maximum amount of water, so in the case of a piping system with a change in the amount of water, the amount of water that can be generated if the number of units is less than the number of installed turbines when the number of units is not controlled when the amount of water decreases. Even in this case, since water flows almost evenly in all units, all the turbines reach the power generation stoppage amount and cannot generate power.
[0004]
In order to improve such a phenomenon, in the reference example, as the flow rate changes, the electromagnetic on-off valve provided on the outlet side of the turbine is automatically switched and controlled so that only the number of turbines suitable for the flow rate is operated. Has been developed.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-419 [0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the case of controlling the number of turbines operated using electromagnetic on / off valves as described above, it is necessary to provide an electromagnetic on / off valve on the outlet side of the turbine as many as the number of installed turbines. As the number of turbines increases, the cost increases. End up.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and in operation with a plurality of turbines, an energy recovery system and a control method for performing a power generation operation with the number of turbines corresponding to the flow rate, a plurality of turbine generator systems, and an operation control It aims to provide a method.
[0008]
[Means for solving the problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses centrifugal water turbines, and when the amount of water in the piping system decreases, the water turbines other than the number of water turbines suitable for the flow rate are utilized by utilizing the characteristics of the centrifugal water turbines. Is controlled in such a manner that more water flows to a water turbine that is desired to perform a power generation operation by changing the number of rotations of the water turbine so that the resistance by the water wheel increases.
[0009]
That is, the present invention includes an energy recovery device for branching a pipe of a piping system through which a fluid flows into a plurality of pipes, and recovering energy possessed by the fluid flowing through the branch path, and the pipe A flow rate detection device that detects a flow rate of fluid flowing through the system, and in the energy recovery system that operates the energy recovery device in parallel, the energy recovery device includes a centrifugal water turbine that increases water flow resistance when the number of rotations increases; A plurality of generators operating when the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the piping system detected by the flow rate detection device falls below a predetermined value. Among the energy recovery devices, the operation of the generator of the predetermined energy recovery device is stopped, the centrifugal water turbine connected to the generator is operated without restraint, Many of the flow rate of non-reduced flow rate through the centrifugal hydraulic turbine wherein is an unrestrained among the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the pipe system, the non-energy recovery device having a centrifugal water turbine wherein is an unrestrained The energy recovery system flows to the energy recovery device.
[0010]
The present invention, in the energy recovery system, the flow rate detecting apparatus can estimate the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the pipeline from the fluid velocity or fluid pressure has been detected for the fluid flowing through the piping system.
Furthermore, in this energy recovery system, based on the individual controller for controlling the power generation operation stop of each generator included in the energy recovery device, and the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the piping system detected by the flow rate detection device. And a host controller for controlling the individual controller.
In an energy recovery system including an individual controller and a host controller, the host controller calculates the optimum number of operating energy recovery devices based on the flow rate information obtained from the flow rate detection device and exceeds the optimal number of operations. It is possible to issue a generator operation stop command to the individual controller, and the upper controller is in operation when the optimum operation number calculated from the flow rate information obtained from the flow rate detection device is equal to or less than the number of operation units in operation. It is possible to issue a generator operation stop command to one of the individual controllers.
[0011]
And this invention branches the piping of the piping system through which the fluid flows into a plurality of piping, and the water turbine that increases the water flow resistance when the rotational speed increases so as to recover the energy of the fluid in the branch path, Install an energy recovery device that has a generator that generates electricity by rotating the water turbine, and attach an individual controller to the generator of the energy recovery device for parallel operation, and if the flow rate of the piping system decreases, it is suitable for the flow rate By stopping the power generation operation of the energy recovery devices that exceed the number of operating units, the flow rate of the piping system is controlled so that the amount of inflow to the energy recovery devices of the operating number suitable for the flow rate of the piping system increases. This is a control method for an energy recovery system that optimally controls the flow distribution to the energy recovery device in accordance with changes in the That is multiplied by the coefficient k with respect to the power generation stop total water Qs, product variation and flow rate measurement error, the energy for switching control of the power generation operation and unrestricted operation at number switch timing water Q _C calculated in consideration of the control time lag This is a control method of the recovery system.
[0012]
Furthermore, the present invention is a turbine generator installed so as to branch a pipe of a piping system through which water having hydraulic energy flows into a plurality of pipes, and to collect the unused hydraulic energy in the branch path; An individual controller provided to operate the water turbine generators in parallel, a detection device for detecting the flow rate of the piping system, and an optimum operation number of the water turbine generators is calculated from the flow rate information obtained from the detection device. A multi-turbine power generator system that includes a host controller that issues an operation command to the controller and sequentially controls the water turbine generator that performs power generation operation and the water turbine generator that stops power generation as the flow rate of the piping system changes.
[0013]
Further, the present invention branches a pipe of a piping system through which water having hydraulic energy flows into a plurality of pipes, and installs a turbine generator capable of recovering the hydraulic energy in the branch path, Install a controller in the turbine generator to run the turbine generator in parallel, and when the flow rate of the piping system decreases, stop the generator operation of the turbine generator other than the number of units suitable for the flow rate Thus, the rotational speed of the water turbine generator is increased, the rotational speed is changed so that the fluid resistance in the water turbine generator is increased, and the inflow amount to the water turbine generator of the number of operation suitable for the flow rate of the piping system is In the operation control method of the multiple turbine generator system that controls the flow rate to the turbine generator optimally according to the change in the flow rate of the piping system, the number of generator operation units measured in advance is Oke Is multiplied by the coefficient k with respect to the power generation stop total water Qs, product variation and flow rate measurement error, several water wheels which performs switching control of the power generation operation and unrestricted operation at number switch timing water Q _C calculated in consideration of the control time lag This is an operation control method for a generator system.
[0014]
According to the present invention having the above-described characteristic configuration, it is possible to perform optimum control of the number of operated turbines according to a change in the amount of water in the piping system without performing the number control of the number of turbines by the electromagnetic on-off valve.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
Embodiments of the energy recovery system and control method, and the multiple turbine generator system and operation control method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an energy recovery system according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of generated power characteristics when three centrifugal turbines in the embodiment are operated in parallel. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the head characteristics during unconstrained operation and automatic operation of the centrifugal water turbine in the embodiment.
[0016]
Examples will be described. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an energy recovery system in which a turbine generator is installed in parallel in an open-loop regenerative air conditioning system. Reference numeral 1 denotes a pump for pumping water from the heat storage tank 16 and supplies it to the heat source unit 3 through a water supply pipe 3a. Reference numeral 2 denotes an electric motor for driving the pump. 4 is a two-way valve for adjusting the amount of heat produced by the heat source device, 3b is a water supply pipe connecting the heat source device and the flow divider 6, and 5 is an expansion tank provided in the water supply tube. A vacuum break valve may be provided instead of the expansion tank. Further, a plurality of branch paths 6a, 6b, 6c are formed via the flow divider 6, and water is supplied to each of the water turbines 12A, 12B, 12C. The water exiting the water turbine is returned to the heat storage tank 16 through the current collector 7 through the water supply pipe 7a for returning to the heat storage tank. An electromagnetic on-off valve 8 is provided in the middle of the water supply pipe 7a to prevent water falling in the pipe after the system is stopped.
[0017]
The air conditioning system pipe is filled with water in advance, and when the air conditioning system starts operation, the on-off valve 8 is opened to operate the pump 1 and water is sent to the heat source unit 3 at the same time. 6 is distributed to the falling liquid branch paths 6a, 6b, 6c, and the water turbines 12A, 12B, 12C are activated. At the same time, the generators 13A, 13B, and 13C directly connected to the water turbine 12 through the shaft also start to rotate. Thereafter, automatic power generation operation is performed by the individual controllers 14 </ b> A, 14 </ b> B, and 14 </ b> C, and the generated power is transmitted to the power supply destination via the transmission line 15. At this time, water that can be sufficiently operated is supplied to each of the water turbines 12 and is operated with high power generation efficiency. Therefore, at the power supply destination, the power consumption is reduced by the amount of power sent from the water turbine generator 13, which is economical.
[0018]
Then, as time elapses, the two-way valve 4 is throttled to reduce the amount of water, and the total amount of operation stoppage for three power generation operation units Q _C3 = Q _S3 × k3 (Q _S3 = operation stop water amount for one turbine generator When Q _S1 × 3, k3 is the control coefficient), the falling liquid amount detection device 9 provided in the middle of the water supply pipe 3b detects it and transmits it to the host controller 10, and the host controller 10 The power generation operation stop command is issued to 14C, the individual controller 14C stops the automatic power generation operation, and the water turbine 12C enters the unconstrained rotation state. Thereafter, the amount of water further decreases, and the total amount of water outage for two power generation operation units Q _C2 = Q _S2 × k2 (Q _S2 = the amount of operation stop water of one turbine generator Q _S1 × 2 + the unrestricted operation of the turbine generator at that time When the amount of water Q _m2 and k2 reaches the control coefficient), the host controller 10 issues a power generation operation stop command to the individual controller 14B, the individual controller 14B stops the automatic power generation operation, and the water wheel 12B enters the unrestricted rotation state. The relationship between the total water volume and the total power generation at that time is shown in FIG.
[0019]
FIG. 3 shows the head characteristics of the centrifugal water turbine. As shown in FIG. 3, there is a feature that a head with the same amount of water becomes higher during unconstrained operation and during automatic power generation operation. In other words, with the same head, it can be understood that the flow rate in the unconstrained operation is sufficiently smaller than the flow rate in the private power generation operation. In other words, in the centrifugal turbine, when the unrestricted operation is performed, the rotational speed of the impeller increases, so that the centrifugal force acting on the incoming water increases, that is, the water flow resistance by the rotating turbine increases. This means that water is less likely to flow through the turbines 12B and 12C in the unconstrained operation state as compared to the turbine 12A performing the power generation operation. As a result, it is possible to control so that a large amount of water flows only to the number of water turbines that are suitable for the amount of water. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently perform the power generation operation up to the amount of water in which the last one cannot be operated.
[0020]
Incidentally, in controlling the number of turbines that are operated without restraint in accordance with the amount of water flowing through the water pipe 3b, in the above embodiment, a configuration in which the amount of water is directly sensed is adopted. Alternatively, it may be configured to sense the amount of water indirectly. For example, the falling liquid flow rate detection device 9 can be replaced with a falling liquid speed meter or a falling pressure gauge.
[0021]
As described above, according to the embodiment based on the present invention, the operation number control of the turbines that perform the operation with the number of turbines suitable for the amount of water is performed by using the unrestricted head increase characteristic that is a characteristic of the centrifugal turbine. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently recover unused hydraulic energy without providing as many solenoid opening / closing valves as the number of turbines on the outlet side of the turbines, and the cost can be reduced accordingly.
[0022]
In addition, in the above-mentioned Example, it demonstrated taking the case of the system which collect | recovers the used unused hydraulic energy of a thermal storage type | formula air conditioning system. However, the embodiment is not limited to the system for recovering unused hydraulic energy as in the above-described example, and the above example is effective even in the case of performing energy recovery such as having a plurality of water turbines. Is.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, in operation with a plurality of water wheels, it is possible to obtain the energy recovery system which performs power generation operation in hydraulic turbine number corresponding to the flow rate. That is, the centrifugal turbine connected to the generator of the predetermined energy recovery device that has been stopped is operated without restraint, and the water flow resistance increases as the rotational speed of the centrifugal turbine increases. As a result, the flow of water is less likely to flow compared to a centrifugal turbine that generates electricity without using an electromagnetic on-off valve, and the amount of water is only supplied to the number of turbines that are suitable for the amount of water. It can be controlled to flow a lot, and by sequentially repeating such operation control, it is possible to efficiently perform the power generation operation up to the amount of water that the last one cannot operate. In addition, the cost of the energy recovery system can be reduced by the amount that does not require an electromagnetic on-off valve.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an energy recovery system according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of generated power characteristics when three centrifugal turbines in the embodiment are operated in parallel.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of head characteristics during unconstrained operation and automatic operation of a centrifugal water turbine in the embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pumping pump 2 Electric motor 3 Heat source machine 3a, 3b Water supply pipe 4 Two-way valve 5 Expansion tank 6 Divider 6a, 6b, 6c Branching path 7 Current collector 7a Water supply pipe 8 Electromagnetic switching valve 9 Liquid quantity detection apparatus 10 Upper level controller 12A , 12B, 12C Water turbines 13A, 13B, 13C Generators 14A, 14B, 14C Individual controller 15 Transmission line 16 Thermal storage tank

Claims (3)

An energy recovery device that branches the piping of the piping system through which the fluid flows into a plurality of piping, and is installed in the branching path to recover the energy of the fluid flowing through the branching path, and the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the piping system In an energy recovery system comprising a flow rate detection device for detecting the energy recovery device and operating the energy recovery devices in parallel,
The energy recovery device has a centrifugal water turbine whose water flow resistance increases when the rotational speed increases, and a generator that generates electric power by the rotation of the centrifugal water turbine,
When the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the piping system detected by the flow rate detection device is equal to or lower than a predetermined value, among the plurality of operating energy recovery devices, the generator of the predetermined energy recovery device Stop operation, let the centrifugal water turbine connected to the generator run without restraint,
The energy recovery device having the centrifugal turbine in which the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the piping system other than the reduced flow rate flowing in the centrifugal turbine in the unconstrained state is in the unconstrained state. An energy recovery system that flows to the energy recovery device other than the above. The energy recovery system according to claim 1,
The flow rate detecting device, an energy recovery system, characterized by estimating the flow amount of the fluid flowing through the pipeline from the fluid velocity or fluid pressure has been detected for the fluid flowing through the piping system. The energy recovery system according to claim 1 or 2,
An individual controller that controls the stop of power generation operation for each of the generators included in the energy recovery device, and a host that controls the individual controller based on the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the piping system detected by the flow rate detection device An energy recovery system comprising a controller.

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