JP4600155B2 - Electric motor - Google Patents

Electric motor Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4600155B2
JP4600155B2 JP2005157330A JP2005157330A JP4600155B2 JP 4600155 B2 JP4600155 B2 JP 4600155B2 JP 2005157330 A JP2005157330 A JP 2005157330A JP 2005157330 A JP2005157330 A JP 2005157330A JP 4600155 B2 JP4600155 B2 JP 4600155B2
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commutator
brush
commutator surface
electric motor
armature
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JP2006333681A (en
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崇 平林
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Denso Corp
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Denso Corp
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Priority to JP2005157330A priority Critical patent/JP4600155B2/en
Priority to DE102006024922.4A priority patent/DE102006024922B4/en
Priority to US11/442,171 priority patent/US7608956B2/en
Priority to FR0604830A priority patent/FR2887377B1/en
Publication of JP2006333681A publication Critical patent/JP2006333681A/en
Priority to US12/585,290 priority patent/US7847467B2/en
Priority to US12/585,292 priority patent/US7893593B2/en
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Description

本発明は、整流子とブラシを有する電動機に関する。   The present invention relates to an electric motor having a commutator and a brush.

従来、整流子とブラシとを有する電動機において、例えば、図９に示す様に、ブラシ１００が摺動する整流子１１０の表面（整流子面）に複数の溝１２０を略等間隔に形成して、整流子面に凹凸形状を設けることにより、整流子１１０とブラシ１００との接触状態（摺動状態）を安定化させて、電動機の性能向上を図る技術が知られている（特許文献１参照）。
特開昭６２−１１８７３２号公報 Conventionally, in an electric motor having a commutator and a brush, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, a plurality of grooves 120 are formed at substantially equal intervals on the surface (commutator surface) of the commutator 110 on which the brush 100 slides. A technique is known in which the contact state (sliding state) between the commutator 110 and the brush 100 is stabilized by providing an uneven shape on the commutator surface to improve the performance of the motor (see Patent Document 1). ).
JP 62-118732 A

ところが、上記の公知技術には、以下の問題がある。
すなわち、整流子面の軸方向端部まで凹凸形状を設けた場合に、その軸方向端部に肉厚が薄く、強度の低い凸状部分（図示Ｘ部分）が形成される恐れがある。同様に、ブラシ１００の軸方向端部にも、肉厚が薄く、強度の低い凸状部分（図示Ｙ部分）が形成される恐れがある。これらの事は、上記の公知技術を有する電動機を、内燃機関を始動するスタータモータに適用した場合に、内燃機関の発生する高振動を受けて、整流子面の軸方向端部に存在する肉厚の薄い凸状部分、およびブラシの軸方向端部に存在する肉厚の薄い凸状部分が欠ける問題に繋がる。 However, the above known technique has the following problems.
That is, when an uneven shape is provided up to the axial end portion of the commutator surface, there is a risk that a convex portion (X portion in the drawing) having a small thickness and low strength is formed at the axial end portion. Similarly, a convex portion (Y portion in the drawing) having a small thickness and low strength may be formed at the axial end portion of the brush 100. When the motor having the above-mentioned known technology is applied to a starter motor that starts the internal combustion engine, these matters are affected by the high vibrations generated by the internal combustion engine and the meat existing at the axial end of the commutator surface. This leads to a problem that the thin convex portion and the thin convex portion present at the axial end of the brush are missing.

本発明は、上記事情に基づいて成されたもので、その目的は、ブラシと整流子との摺動状態を安定化させるために、整流子面に凹凸形状を設けた電動機において、整流子およびブラシの欠けの発生を低減できる技術を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made based on the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a commutator and an electric motor having a concavo-convex shape on a commutator surface in order to stabilize the sliding state between the brush and the commutator. An object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of reducing the occurrence of brush chipping.

（請求項１の発明）
本発明は、電機子に設けられる整流子と、この整流子の表面（整流子面と呼ぶ）上に配置され、電機子の回転によって整流子面上を摺動するブラシとを有し、整流子面には、ブラシの摺動方向と直交する幅方向に凹凸形状が形成され、その凹凸形状が整流子面の全周に設けられている電動機であって、整流子は、電機子に対しその電機子軸の外周に円筒状に構成されていて、整流子面の幅方向である軸方向の一端側端部に凹凸形状の無い平滑面が形成され、軸方向の他端側端部に電機子コイルに接続される接続部が設けられていることを特徴とする。 (Invention of Claim 1)
The present invention includes a commutator provided in an armature, and a brush disposed on the surface of the commutator (referred to as a commutator surface) and sliding on the commutator surface by the rotation of the armature. the child surface, irregularities are formed in a width direction orthogonal to the sliding direction of the brush, the uneven shape is a motor provided in the entire circumference of the commutator surface, the commutator is to armature The outer periphery of the armature shaft is configured in a cylindrical shape, and a smooth surface without an uneven shape is formed at one end in the axial direction that is the width direction of the commutator surface, and at the other end on the other end in the axial direction. A connection portion connected to the armature coil is provided .

上記の構成によれば、整流子面の幅方向である軸方向の一端側端部には、凹凸形状が設けられていない、つまり平滑面が残されているため、肉厚が薄く、強度の低い凸状部分が存在しない。これにより、高振動によって整流子の端部に欠けが発生することを低減できる。
また、従来の様に整流子面の端部まで凹凸形状を設けると、加工途中で凹凸形状の端部（肉厚の薄い凸状部分）に欠けが発生する恐れがあるため、凹凸形状を注意深く加工する必要がある。これに対し、本発明では、整流子面の少なくとも一方側の端部に凹凸形状の無い平滑面を有するので、加工途中で凹凸形状の端部が欠ける恐れも小さく、凹凸形状の加工が容易である。
特に、平滑面が形成される整流子面の一端側端部に振動による欠けが発生することを低減できるのに対し、整流子の他端側端部には接続部（いわゆるライザ）が設けられるので、整流子面の他端側の端部に平滑面が無くても（但し、請求項１に係る発明では、平滑面の有無は問わない）、整流子の他端側端部が振動によって欠けることはない。 According to the above configuration, the unevenness shape is not provided at one end in the axial direction that is the width direction of the commutator surface, that is, a smooth surface remains, so that the thickness is thin and the strength is high. There are no low convex parts. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of chipping at the end of the commutator due to high vibration.
In addition, if the concave / convex shape is provided to the end of the commutator surface as in the past, the end of the concave / convex shape (thin convex portion with a small thickness) may be chipped during processing. Need to be processed. On the other hand, in the present invention, since there is a smooth surface having no uneven shape at the end of at least one side of the commutator surface, there is little risk of the end of the uneven shape being cut off during processing, and processing of the uneven shape is easy. is there.
In particular, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of chipping due to vibration at one end of the commutator surface on which the smooth surface is formed, whereas a connecting portion (so-called riser) is provided at the other end of the commutator. Therefore, even if there is no smooth surface at the other end of the commutator surface (however, in the invention according to claim 1, the presence or absence of the smooth surface is not considered), the other end of the commutator is caused by vibration. There is no lack.

（請求項２の発明）
請求項１に記載した電動機において、整流子面の幅方向に凹凸形状が設けられている範囲は、整流子面の幅方向に沿ったブラシの幅より小さいことを特徴とする。
この構成によれば、ブラシの少なくとも一方側の端部が、整流子面の凹凸形状から外れて平滑面上を摺動するため、ブラシの一方側の端部に肉厚の薄い凸状部分が形成されることはない。つまり、整流子面の凹凸形状が設けられている範囲では、その整流子面上を摺動するブラシの摺動面にも整流子面の凹凸形状に倣って凹凸部分が形成されるが、整流子面の平滑面上を摺動する部分には、凹凸部分が形成されることはなく、平滑な状態となっている。従って、ブラシの一方側の端部に肉厚の薄い凸状部分が形成されることはなく、高振動によってブラシの一方側の端部に欠けが発生することを低減できる。 (Invention of Claim 2)
The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein a range in which the uneven shape is provided in the width direction of the commutator surface is smaller than the width of the brush along the width direction of the commutator surface.
According to this configuration, since at least one end portion of the brush deviates from the uneven shape of the commutator surface and slides on the smooth surface, the thin convex portion is formed at the one end portion of the brush. Never formed. In other words, within the range where the uneven shape of the commutator surface is provided, an uneven portion is also formed on the sliding surface of the brush sliding on the commutator surface, following the uneven shape of the commutator surface. An uneven portion is not formed on the portion of the child surface that slides on the smooth surface, and is in a smooth state. Therefore, a thin convex portion is not formed at one end of the brush, and occurrence of chipping at one end of the brush due to high vibration can be reduced.

（請求項３の発明）
請求項２に記載した電動機において、整流子面の幅方向における両端部にそれぞれ平滑面が形成されており、整流子面の幅方向に凹凸形状が設けられている範囲は、整流子面の幅方向における整流子とブラシとの摺動範囲内にあることを特徴とする。
この構成によれば、ブラシの両端部に肉厚の薄い凸状部分が形成されることがないので、高振動によってブラシの両端部に欠けが発生することを低減できる。 (Invention of Claim 3)
3. The electric motor according to claim 2, wherein smooth surfaces are formed at both ends in the width direction of the commutator surface, and the range in which the concavo-convex shape is provided in the width direction of the commutator surface is the width of the commutator surface. It is in the sliding range of the commutator and the brush in the direction.
According to this structure, since the thin convex part is not formed in the both ends of a brush, it can reduce that a chip | tip generate | occur | produces in the both ends of a brush by high vibration.

（請求項４の発明）
請求項１〜３に記載した何れかの電動機において、２点支持された試験片の略中央部に
荷重を付与して、試験片が破壊した時の最大荷重を基に、試験片の曲げ強度を測定する方
法であって、
Ｌ：支点間の距離（ｃｍ）
Ａ：試験片の幅（ｃｍ）
Ｂ：試験片の厚さ（ｃｍ）
Ｐ：試験片が破壊した時の最大荷重（Ｎ）
上記の定義に基づき、試験片の曲げ強度を下記（１）式より求める時に、
曲げ強度＝８×Ｐ×Ｌ／（２×Ａ×Ｂ2 ）…………（１）
上記の測定方法により測定されたブラシの曲げ強度が１６ＭＰａ以上であることを特徴
とする。
上記の構成によれば、ブラシの曲げ強度が１６ＭＰａ以上と大きいため、高振動による
ブラシの凸部（整流子面の凹部に嵌まる部分）および端部の欠けの発生を低減できる。 (Invention of Claim 4 )
The bending strength of the test piece based on the maximum load when the test piece is broken by applying a load to the substantially central portion of the test piece supported at two points in any one of the electric motors according to claims 1 to 3. A method of measuring
L: Distance between fulcrums (cm)
A: Specimen width (cm)
B: Test piece thickness (cm)
P: Maximum load when the specimen breaks (N)
Based on the above definition, when calculating the bending strength of the specimen from the following formula (1),
Bending strength = 8 x P x L / (2 x A x B 2 ) (1)
The bending strength of the brush measured by the above measuring method is 16 MPa or more.
According to said structure, since the bending strength of a brush is as large as 16 Mpa or more, generation | occurrence | production of the convex part (part which fits into the recessed part of a commutator surface) and edge part of a brush by high vibration can be reduced.

（請求項５の発明）
請求項４に記載した電動機において、ブラシは多層構造であり、各層毎の曲げ強度を平均した値が１６ＭＰａ以上であることを特徴とする。
ブラシが多層構造であっても、各層毎の曲げ強度を平均した値が１６ＭＰａ以上と大きいので、高振動によるブラシの凸部（整流子面の凹部に嵌まる部分）および端部の欠けの発生を低減できる。 (Invention of Claim 5 )
In the electric motor according to claim 4 , the brush has a multilayer structure, and an average value of bending strength of each layer is 16 MPa or more.
Even if the brush has a multi-layer structure, the average bending strength of each layer is as large as 16 MPa or more, so the brush protrusions (parts that fit into the recesses on the commutator surface) and chipping of the ends due to high vibration occur. Can be reduced.

（請求項６の発明）
請求項１〜５に記載した何れかの電動機は、内燃機関を始動するためのスタータモータであることを特徴とする。
スタータモータは、内燃機関のクランキング中に発生する振動が整流子およびブラシに伝わるため、請求項１〜５に記載した何れかの技術を採用することによって、高振動による整流子およびブラシの欠けを低減できる。 (Invention of Claim 6 )
Any one of the electric motors described in claims 1 to 5 is a starter motor for starting the internal combustion engine.
In the starter motor, vibration generated during cranking of the internal combustion engine is transmitted to the commutator and the brush. Therefore, by adopting any one of the techniques described in claims 1 to 5, the commutator and the brush are missing due to high vibration. Can be reduced.

本発明を実施するための最良の形態を以下の実施例により詳細に説明する。
ここで、図面を参照しながら説明する４つの実施例１〜４については、次のような関係にある。つまり、実施例１は本発明が適用された例を示しているのに対し、実施例２は本発明が適用されていない参考例を示すものであり、また、実施例３は、図５が実施例１（本発明）、図６が実施例２（参考例）にそれぞれ対応して、整流子面に形成する凹凸形状の変形例を示すものであり、実施例４はこれら実施例１〜３に共通使用できるブラシの適用例を示すものである。 The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples.
Here, four Examples 1 to 4 described with reference to the drawings have the following relationship. That is, while Example 1 shows an example to which the present invention is applied, Example 2 shows a reference example to which the present invention is not applied, and Example 3 shows that FIG. Example 1 (the present invention) and FIG. 6 correspond to Example 2 (reference example), respectively, and show a modification of the uneven shape formed on the commutator surface. 3 shows an application example of a brush that can be commonly used.

この実施例１は、内燃機関を始動するためのスタータモータに本発明の電動機を適用した一例であり、図１にスタータモータの電機子１を示す。
スタータモータは、図示しない界磁（永久磁石または界磁コイル）の内側に回転自在に支持される電機子１を有し、界磁と電機子１との間に作用する電磁力によって電機子１に回転力を発生する周知の直流電動機である。
電機子１は、電機子軸２と、この電機子軸２の外周に圧入状態でセレーション嵌合する電機子コア３と、この電機子コア３に巻線される電機子コイル４と、電機子軸２の一方の端部に設けられる整流子５とで構成される。 The first embodiment is an example in which the electric motor of the present invention is applied to a starter motor for starting an internal combustion engine. FIG. 1 shows an armature 1 of the starter motor.
The starter motor has an armature 1 that is rotatably supported inside a field (a permanent magnet or a field coil) (not shown), and the armature 1 is generated by an electromagnetic force that acts between the field and the armature 1. It is a known DC motor that generates a rotational force.
The armature 1 includes an armature shaft 2, an armature core 3 that is serrated and fitted onto the outer periphery of the armature shaft 2, an armature coil 4 wound around the armature core 3, and an armature. The commutator 5 is provided at one end of the shaft 2.

整流子５は、絶縁材６に保持された複数の整流子片５０を電機子軸２の外周に円筒状に配置して構成され、個々の整流子片５０の端部に設けられたライザ５１（本発明の接続部）に、それぞれ電機子コイル４が機械的且つ電気的に接続されている。整流子片５０の表面（整流子面）には、図１に示す様に、凹凸形状７が形成され、その凹凸形状７が整流子面の全周に設けられている。
この整流子５の外周には、複数のカーボンブラシ８が配置され、図示しないブラシスプリングにより整流子面に押圧されている。 The commutator 5 is configured by arranging a plurality of commutator pieces 50 held by the insulating material 6 in a cylindrical shape on the outer periphery of the armature shaft 2, and a riser 51 provided at an end of each commutator piece 50. The armature coils 4 are mechanically and electrically connected to the connection portions of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, an uneven shape 7 is formed on the surface (commutator surface) of the commutator piece 50, and the uneven shape 7 is provided on the entire circumference of the commutator surface.
A plurality of carbon brushes 8 are disposed on the outer periphery of the commutator 5 and are pressed against the commutator surface by a brush spring (not shown).

次に、整流子面に設けられた凹凸形状７について図２を基に詳述する。
整流子面には、周方向（ブラシ８の摺動方向）に沿って整流子面を一周する複数本の溝７ａが形成され、この複数本の溝７ａが、整流子面の周方向と直交する幅方向、つまり図２に示す左右方向に略等間隔に設けられている。その結果、整流子面の幅方向に凹凸形状７が形成され、この凹凸形状７が整流子面の全周に設けられている。
但し、整流子面の幅方向全体に凹凸形状７が設けられている訳ではなく、幅方向の両端部には、凹凸形状７の無い平滑面９が残されている。なお、整流子面に形成される溝７ａは、平滑面９より深く凹設されている。言い換えると、隣合う溝７ａ同士の間に形成される凸部が平滑面９と同じ高さに設けられている。 Next, the uneven shape 7 provided on the commutator surface will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
The commutator surface is formed with a plurality of grooves 7a that go around the commutator surface along the circumferential direction (the sliding direction of the brush 8), and the plurality of grooves 7a are orthogonal to the circumferential direction of the commutator surface. Are provided at substantially equal intervals in the width direction to be performed, that is, in the left-right direction shown in FIG. As a result, an uneven shape 7 is formed in the width direction of the commutator surface, and the uneven shape 7 is provided on the entire circumference of the commutator surface.
However, the uneven shape 7 is not provided in the entire width direction of the commutator surface, and the smooth surface 9 without the uneven shape 7 remains at both ends in the width direction. The groove 7 a formed on the commutator surface is recessed deeper than the smooth surface 9. In other words, the convex portion formed between the adjacent grooves 7 a is provided at the same height as the smooth surface 9.

また、図２に示す様に、整流子面の幅方向に凹凸形状７が設けられている範囲ａ１は、整流子面の幅方向におけるブラシ８の幅Ａ１より小さく、且つ整流子５とブラシ８との摺動範囲（＝Ａ１）内に設けられている。これにより、整流子面上を摺動するブラシ８の摺動面には、整流子面の凹凸形状７に倣って凹凸部分が形成されるが、整流子面の平滑面９上を摺動するブラシ８の両側摺動面には、凹凸部分が形成されることはなく、平滑な状態となっている。   Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the range a1 in which the uneven shape 7 is provided in the width direction of the commutator surface is smaller than the width A1 of the brush 8 in the width direction of the commutator surface, and the commutator 5 and the brush 8. And within the sliding range (= A1). Thus, an uneven portion is formed on the sliding surface of the brush 8 that slides on the commutator surface, following the uneven shape 7 of the commutator surface, but slides on the smooth surface 9 of the commutator surface. Irregular portions are not formed on the sliding surfaces on both sides of the brush 8 and are in a smooth state.

（実施例１の効果）
実施例１に示す整流子５は、整流子面の幅方向両端部に平滑面９が形成されている。つまり、整流子面の両端部に凹凸形状７が形成されていないため、凹凸形状７の両端部に肉厚の薄い凸状部分が生じることはない。その結果、内燃機関の高振動が整流子５に伝達されても、その高振動によって整流子５の端部に欠けが発生することを低減できる。
また、従来の様に整流子面の端部まで凹凸形状７を設けると、加工途中で凹凸形状７の端部（肉厚の薄い凸状部分）に欠けが発生する恐れがあるため、凹凸形状７を注意深く加工する必要がある。これに対し、実施例１では、整流子面の両端部に凹凸形状７の無い平滑面９を形成するので、加工途中に凹凸形状７の端部が欠ける恐れも小さく、凹凸形状７の加工が容易である。 (Effect of Example 1)
In the commutator 5 shown in the first embodiment, smooth surfaces 9 are formed at both ends in the width direction of the commutator surface. That is, since the concavo-convex shape 7 is not formed at both ends of the commutator surface, a thin convex portion does not occur at the both ends of the concavo-convex shape 7. As a result, even when high vibration of the internal combustion engine is transmitted to the commutator 5, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of chipping at the end of the commutator 5 due to the high vibration.
In addition, when the concave / convex shape 7 is provided to the end of the commutator surface as in the prior art, the end of the concave / convex shape 7 (thin convex portion with a small thickness) may be chipped during processing. 7 needs to be carefully processed. On the other hand, in Example 1, since the smooth surface 9 without the concavo-convex shape 7 is formed at both ends of the commutator surface, there is little risk of the end of the concavo-convex shape 7 being cut off during processing, and the processing of the concavo-convex shape 7 can be performed. Easy.

更に、整流子面の幅方向に凹凸形状７が設けられている範囲ａ１が、ブラシ８の幅Ａ１より小さく、且つ整流子５とブラシ８との摺動範囲内に設けられているので、図２に示す様に、ブラシ８の両端部に肉厚の薄い凸状部分が形成されることはなく、高振動によってブラシ８の両端に欠けが発生することを低減できる。   Furthermore, the range a1 where the uneven shape 7 is provided in the width direction of the commutator surface is smaller than the width A1 of the brush 8 and is provided within the sliding range of the commutator 5 and the brush 8. As shown in FIG. 2, thin convex portions are not formed at both ends of the brush 8, and occurrence of chipping at both ends of the brush 8 due to high vibration can be reduced.

図３は実施例２に係る電機子１の半断面図であり、図４は整流子面の凹凸形状７を示す拡大断面図である。
この実施例２に示す電機子１は、図３に示す様に、整流子５が電機子軸２と略直交する向きに構成されている。具体的には、電機子コア３のスロット３ａより軸方向外側に取り出された電機子コイル４の一部が電機子コア３の端面と略平行に配置され、整流子片５０として利用されている。 FIG. 3 is a half cross-sectional view of the armature 1 according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the uneven shape 7 of the commutator surface.
The armature 1 shown in the second embodiment is configured such that the commutator 5 is substantially orthogonal to the armature shaft 2 as shown in FIG. Specifically, a part of the armature coil 4 taken out from the slot 3 a of the armature core 3 in the axial direction is arranged substantially in parallel with the end face of the armature core 3 and used as the commutator piece 50. .

電機子コイル４は、電機子コア３のスロット３ａの数と同数の下層コイル体４０と上層コイル体４１とを有し、この下層コイル体４０の直線部４０ａと上層コイル体４１の直線部４１ａとを二層状態でスロット３ａに挿入して電機子コア３に組み立てた後、互いに異なるスロット３ａから取り出された下層コイル体４０の端部と上層コイル体４１の端部とを接合して形成される。   The armature coil 4 has the same number of lower layer coil bodies 40 and upper layer coil bodies 41 as the number of slots 3 a of the armature core 3, and the linear portion 40 a of the lower layer coil body 40 and the linear portion 41 a of the upper layer coil body 41. Are inserted into the slot 3a in a two-layer state and assembled into the armature core 3, and the end of the lower layer coil body 40 and the end of the upper layer coil body 41 taken out from the different slots 3a are joined together Is done.

上層コイル体４１は、スロット３ａに挿入される直線部４１ａの一端から電機子コア３の端面と略平行に径方向内側へ延びるコイル端部４１ｂが設けられ、そのコイル端部４１ｂが整流子片５０として利用されている。
この整流子片５０の表面（整流子面）には、軸方向よりカーボンブラシ８が当接して、図示しないブラシスプリングにより整流子面に押圧されている。 The upper layer coil body 41 is provided with a coil end portion 41b extending radially inward from one end of the linear portion 41a inserted into the slot 3a substantially parallel to the end face of the armature core 3, and the coil end portion 41b is a commutator piece. 50 is used.
The carbon brush 8 is in contact with the surface (commutator surface) of the commutator piece 50 from the axial direction and is pressed against the commutator surface by a brush spring (not shown).

整流子面を形成するコイル端部４１ｂの軸方向外側面には、電機子軸２を中心とする同心円状に複数本の溝７ａが略等間隔に形成されている。これにより、整流子面の半径方向（図４の上下方向）に凹凸形状７が形成され、この凹凸形状７が整流子面の全周に設けられている。但し、整流子面の半径方向全体に凹凸形状７が設けられている訳ではなく、半径方向の内径側端部および外径側端部には、それぞれ凹凸形状７の無い平滑面９が残されている。   A plurality of grooves 7a concentrically around the armature shaft 2 are formed at substantially equal intervals on the outer surface in the axial direction of the coil end portion 41b forming the commutator surface. Thereby, the uneven | corrugated shape 7 is formed in the radial direction (up-down direction of FIG. 4) of a commutator surface, and this uneven | corrugated shape 7 is provided in the perimeter of the commutator surface. However, the concavo-convex shape 7 is not provided in the entire radial direction of the commutator surface, and the smooth surface 9 without the concavo-convex shape 7 is left at the inner diameter side end portion and the outer diameter side end portion in the radial direction. ing.

また、図４に示す様に、整流子面の半径方向に凹凸形状７が設けられている範囲ａ２は、整流子面の半径方向におけるブラシ８の幅Ａ２より小さく、且つ整流子５とブラシ８との摺動範囲（＝Ａ２）内に設けられている。これにより、整流子面上を摺動するブラシ８の摺動面には、整流子面の凹凸形状７に倣って凹凸部分が形成されるが、整流子面の平滑面９上を摺動するブラシ８の両側摺動面には、凹凸部分が形成されることはなく、平滑な状態となっている。
上記の構成によれば、整流子面の半径方向の両端部に凹凸形状７の無い平滑面９が形成されているため、実施例１の場合と同様に、高振動によって整流子５の端部に欠けが発生することを低減できる。 Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the range a <b> 2 where the uneven shape 7 is provided in the radial direction of the commutator surface is smaller than the width A <b> 2 of the brush 8 in the radial direction of the commutator surface, and the commutator 5 and the brush 8. And a sliding range (= A2). As a result, an uneven portion is formed on the sliding surface of the brush 8 that slides on the commutator surface, following the uneven shape 7 of the commutator surface, but slides on the smooth surface 9 of the commutator surface. Irregular portions are not formed on the sliding surfaces on both sides of the brush 8 and are in a smooth state.
According to said structure, since the smooth surface 9 without the uneven | corrugated shape 7 is formed in the both ends of the radial direction of a commutator surface, like the case of Example 1, the edge part of the commutator 5 by high vibration It is possible to reduce the occurrence of chipping.

また、整流子面の半径方向の両端部に凹凸形状７の無い平滑面９を形成することで、加工途中に凹凸形状７の端部が欠ける恐れも小さく、凹凸形状７の加工が容易である。
更に、整流子面に凹凸形状７が設けられている範囲ａ２が、ブラシ８の幅Ａ２より小さく、且つ整流子５とブラシ８との摺動範囲内に設けられているので、図４に示す様に、ブラシ８の両端部に肉厚の薄い凸状部分が形成されることはなく、高振動によってブラシ８の両端に欠けが発生することを低減できる。 Further, by forming the smooth surface 9 without the concavo-convex shape 7 at both ends in the radial direction of the commutator surface, there is little risk of the end of the concavo-convex shape 7 being cut off during processing, and the processing of the concavo-convex shape 7 is easy. .
Furthermore, since the range a2 where the uneven shape 7 is provided on the commutator surface is smaller than the width A2 of the brush 8 and is provided within the sliding range between the commutator 5 and the brush 8, FIG. Similarly, thin convex portions are not formed at both ends of the brush 8, and occurrence of chipping at both ends of the brush 8 due to high vibration can be reduced.

図５および図６はそれぞれ整流子面の凹凸形状７を示す拡大断面図である。
実施例１および実施例２では、整流子面に複数の溝７ａを形成して凹凸形状７を設けているが、この実施例３では、図５及び図６に示す様に、整流子面に複数の凸部７ｂを形成して凹凸形状７を設けている。つまり、整流子面に凹凸形状７を設けることは同じであるが、その凹凸形状７が、整流子面の両端部に形成される平滑面９より低い位置に設けられるか、高い位置に設けられるかの違いである。 5 and 6 are enlarged cross-sectional views showing the uneven shape 7 of the commutator surface.
In Example 1 and Example 2, a plurality of grooves 7a are formed on the commutator surface to provide the concavo-convex shape 7, but in this Example 3, as shown in FIGS. A plurality of convex portions 7 b are formed to provide the concave-convex shape 7. That is, providing the uneven shape 7 on the commutator surface is the same, but the uneven shape 7 is provided at a position lower than the smooth surfaces 9 formed at both ends of the commutator surface or at a higher position. That is the difference.

また、図５に示す円筒型の整流子５では、実施例１と同じく、整流子面の幅方向（図示左右方向）に凹凸形状７が設けられている範囲ａ１がブラシ８の幅Ａ１より小さく、且つ整流子５とブラシ８との摺動範囲内に設けられている。
同様に、図６に示すフェイス型の整流子５では、実施例２と同じく、整流子面の半径方向に凹凸形状７が設けられている範囲ａ２がブラシ８の幅Ａ２より小さく、且つ整流子５とブラシ８との摺動範囲内に設けられている。
これにより、実施例１及び実施例２と同じく、高振動による整流子５およびブラシ８の欠けを低減できる。 Further, in the cylindrical commutator 5 shown in FIG. 5, as in the first embodiment, the range a <b> 1 where the uneven shape 7 is provided in the width direction of the commutator surface (the left-right direction in the drawing) is smaller than the width A <b> 1 of the brush 8. The commutator 5 and the brush 8 are provided within a sliding range.
Similarly, in the face-type commutator 5 shown in FIG. 6, as in the second embodiment, the range a <b> 2 in which the uneven shape 7 is provided in the radial direction of the commutator surface is smaller than the width A <b> 2 of the brush 8 and the commutator. 5 and the brush 8 are provided within a sliding range.
Thereby, like Example 1 and Example 2, the chip of commutator 5 and brush 8 by high vibration can be reduced.

この実施例４は、実施例１〜３に示すブラシ８の曲げ強度を規定した一例である。
先ず、図７を基にブラシ８の曲げ強度を測定する方法について説明する。
ａ）所定の長さを有する断面矩形の試験片１０を準備する。
ｂ）所定の間隔に配置される２個の受台１１に試験片１０をセットする。
ｃ）試験片１０の略中央部に加圧クサビ１２を押し当てながら、一定の加圧速度（例えば２９Ｎ／ｓ以下）で荷重を付与する。
ｄ）試験片１０が破壊した時の最大荷重を計測する。 Example 4 is an example in which the bending strength of the brush 8 shown in Examples 1 to 3 is defined.
First, a method for measuring the bending strength of the brush 8 will be described with reference to FIG.
a) A rectangular test piece 10 having a predetermined length is prepared.
b) The test piece 10 is set on the two cradles 11 arranged at a predetermined interval.
c) A load is applied at a constant pressure rate (for example, 29 N / s or less) while pressing the wedge 12 against the substantially central portion of the test piece 10.
d) The maximum load when the test piece 10 is broken is measured.

計測された最大荷重を基に、以下の（１）より試験片１０の曲げ強度を算出する。
曲げ強度＝８×Ｐ×Ｌ／（２×Ａ×Ｂ2 ）…………（１）
Ｌ：支点間の距離（ｃｍ）
Ａ：試験片１０の幅（ｃｍ）
Ｂ：試験片１０の厚さ（ｃｍ）
Ｐ：試験片１０が破壊した時の最大荷重（Ｎ）
本発明の電動機に使用されるブラシ８は、上記の方法によって測定される曲げ強度が１６ＭＰａ以上であることを特徴とする。 Based on the measured maximum load, the bending strength of the test piece 10 is calculated from the following (1).
Flexural strength = 8 × P × L / ( 2 × A × B 2) ............ (1)
L: Distance between fulcrums (cm)
A: Width of test piece 10 (cm)
B: Thickness (cm) of the test piece 10
P: Maximum load when the test piece 10 breaks (N)
The brush 8 used in the electric motor of the present invention is characterized in that the bending strength measured by the above method is 16 MPa or more.

内燃機関より高振動が伝わるスタータモータでは、ブラシ８の曲げ強度が小さくなる程、振動によってブラシ８に欠けが発生し易くなる。そこで、上記の測定方法で測定したブラシ８の曲げ強度とブラシ８の振動とをパラメータとして、ブラシ８に欠けが発生する領域を実験により求めた。実験データによれば、図８に示す様に、ブラシ８の曲げ強度が１６ＭＰａ以上であれば、スタータモータの使用範囲で発生するブラシ８の振動に対してブラシ８に欠けが発生することはなく、曲げ強度が１６ＭＰａより小さくなると、高振動によってブラシ８に欠けが発生する結果が得られた。   In a starter motor to which high vibration is transmitted from an internal combustion engine, the brush 8 is more likely to be chipped due to vibration as the bending strength of the brush 8 decreases. Therefore, an area where the brush 8 is chipped was determined by experiments using the bending strength of the brush 8 and the vibration of the brush 8 measured by the above measurement method as parameters. According to the experimental data, as shown in FIG. 8, if the bending strength of the brush 8 is 16 MPa or more, the brush 8 is not chipped against the vibration of the brush 8 generated in the use range of the starter motor. When the bending strength was less than 16 MPa, a result of chipping of the brush 8 due to high vibration was obtained.

この実施例４では、上記の実験データを基に、ブラシ８の曲げ強度を１６ＭＰａ以上に設定した。これにより、実施例１〜３の何れかに記載した整流子面に凹凸形状７を有する整流子５と組み合わせた場合でも、高振動によるブラシ８の欠け（特に、整流子面の凹凸形状７に倣って形成されるブラシ摺動面の凸状部分およびブラシ端部での欠け）の発生を低減できる。
なお、多層構造のブラシ８（例えば、抵抗値が異なる複数のブラシ層を接合した多層ブラシ）を使用する場合は、各ブラシ層毎の曲げ強度を面積比率で平均した値が１６ＭＰａ以上であれば良い。 In Example 4, the bending strength of the brush 8 was set to 16 MPa or more based on the above experimental data. Thereby, even when combined with the commutator 5 having the concavo-convex shape 7 on the commutator surface described in any one of the first to third embodiments, the chip of the brush 8 due to high vibration (particularly the concavo-convex shape 7 on the commutator surface). The occurrence of chipping at the convex portion of the brush sliding surface and the brush end portion formed by copying can be reduced.
In addition, when using the brush 8 of a multilayer structure (for example, the multilayer brush which joined the some brush layer from which resistance value differs), if the value which averaged the bending strength for each brush layer by the area ratio is 16 Mpa or more good.

（変形例）
実施例１では、本発明の電動機をスタータモータに適用した一例を説明したが、スタータモータに限定されるものではなく、整流子５とブラシ８を有する電動機に広く適用できる。
実施例２に記載した電動機は、電機子コイル４の一部（上層コイル体４１のコイル端部４１ｂ）を整流子片５０として利用しているが、整流子片５０を電機子コイル４とは別部材によって構成することも可能である。 (Modification)
In Example 1, although the example which applied the electric motor of this invention to the starter motor was demonstrated, it is not limited to a starter motor, It can apply widely to the electric motor which has the commutator 5 and the brush 8. FIG.
The electric motor described in the second embodiment uses a part of the armature coil 4 (coil end 41b of the upper layer coil body 41) as the commutator piece 50. However, the commutator piece 50 is the armature coil 4. It is also possible to configure with a separate member.

スタータモータに用いられる電機子の半断面図である（実施例１）。(Example 1) which is a half sectional view of the armature used for a starter motor. 実施例１に係る整流子面の凹凸形状を示す拡大断面図である。FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating the uneven shape of the commutator surface according to the first embodiment. スタータモータに用いられる電機子の半断面図である（実施例２）。(Example 2) which is a semi-sectional view of the armature used for a starter motor. 実施例２に係る整流子面の凹凸形状を示す拡大断面図である。FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a concavo-convex shape of a commutator surface according to a second embodiment. 実施例３に係る整流子面の凹凸形状を示す拡大断面図である。FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a concavo-convex shape of a commutator surface according to Example 3. 実施例３に係る整流子面の凹凸形状を示す拡大断面図である。FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a concavo-convex shape of a commutator surface according to Example 3. 曲げ強度の測定方法を示す説明図である（実施例４）。(Example 4) which is explanatory drawing which shows the measuring method of bending strength. ブラシの振動と曲げ強度によるブラシの欠けの有無を示す特性図である（実施例４）。(Example 4) which is a characteristic view which shows the presence or absence of the chip | tip of the brush by the vibration and bending strength of a brush. 従来技術に係る整流子面の凹凸形状を示す拡大図である。It is an enlarged view which shows the uneven | corrugated shape of the commutator surface which concerns on a prior art.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 電機子
２ 電機子軸
４ 電機子コイル
５ 整流子
７ 凹凸形状
７ａ 溝
８ ブラシ
９ 平滑面
５１ ライザ（接続部）
ａ１ 整流子面の幅方向に設けられた凹凸形状の範囲（実施例１、実施例３）。
ａ２ 整流子面の半径方向に設けられた凹凸形状の範囲（実施例２、実施例３）。
Ａ１ 整流子面の幅方向に沿ったブラシの幅（実施例１、実施例３）。
Ａ２ 整流子面の半径方向に沿ったブラシの幅（実施例２、実施例３）。
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Armature 2 Armature shaft 4 Armature coil 5 Commutator 7 Uneven shape 7a Groove 8 Brush 9 Smooth surface 51 Riser (connection part)
a1 Uneven shape range provided in the width direction of the commutator surface (Example 1, Example 3).
a2 Range of uneven shape provided in the radial direction of the commutator surface (Example 2, Example 3).
A1 Brush width along the width direction of the commutator surface (Example 1, Example 3).
A2 The width of the brush along the radial direction of the commutator surface (Example 2, Example 3).

Claims (6)

電機子に設けられる整流子と、
この整流子の表面（整流子面と呼ぶ）上に配置され、前記電機子の回転によって前記整流子面上を摺動するブラシとを有し、
前記整流子面には、前記ブラシの摺動方向と直交する幅方向に凹凸形状が形成され、その凹凸形状が前記整流子面の全周に設けられている電動機であって、
前記整流子は、前記電機子に対しその電機子軸の外周に円筒状に構成されており、
前記整流子は、前記整流子面の幅方向である軸方向の一端側端部に前記凹凸形状の無い平滑面が形成され、軸方向の他端側端部に電機子コイルに接続される接続部が設けられていることを特徴とする電動機。 A commutator provided in the armature;
A brush arranged on the surface of the commutator (referred to as a commutator surface) and sliding on the commutator surface by rotation of the armature;
On the commutator surface, an uneven shape is formed in the width direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the brush, and the uneven shape is an electric motor provided on the entire circumference of the commutator surface,
The commutator is configured in a cylindrical shape on the outer periphery of the armature shaft with respect to the armature,
The commutator is a connection in which a smooth surface without the uneven shape is formed at one end in the axial direction, which is the width direction of the commutator surface, and connected to the armature coil at the other end in the axial direction. An electric motor provided with a portion . 請求項１に記載した電動機において、
前記整流子面の幅方向に前記凹凸形状が設けられている範囲は、前記整流子面の幅方向に沿った前記ブラシの幅より小さいことを特徴とする電動機。 The electric motor according to claim 1,
The range in which the uneven shape is provided in the width direction of the commutator surface is smaller than the width of the brush along the width direction of the commutator surface. 請求項２に記載した電動機において、
前記整流子面の幅方向における両端部にそれぞれ前記平滑面が形成されており、
前記整流子面の幅方向に前記凹凸形状が設けられている範囲は、前記整流子面の幅方向における前記整流子と前記ブラシとの摺動範囲内にあることを特徴とする電動機。 In the electric motor according to claim 2,
The smooth surfaces are respectively formed at both ends in the width direction of the commutator surface,
A range in which the uneven shape is provided in the width direction of the commutator surface is within a sliding range of the commutator and the brush in the width direction of the commutator surface. 請求項１〜３に記載した何れかの電動機において、
２点支持された試験片の略中央部に荷重を付与して、前記試験片が破壊した時の最大荷重を基に、前記試験片の曲げ強度を測定する方法であって、
Ｌ：支点間の距離（ｃｍ）
Ａ：試験片の幅（ｃｍ）
Ｂ：試験片の厚さ（ｃｍ）
Ｐ：試験片が破壊した時の最大荷重（Ｎ）
上記の定義に基づき、前記試験片の曲げ強度を下記（１）式より求める時に、
曲げ強度＝８×Ｐ×Ｌ／（２×Ａ×Ｂ 2 ）…………（１）
上記の測定方法により測定された前記ブラシの曲げ強度が１６ＭＰａ以上であることを
特徴とする電動機。 In any one of Claims 1-3,
A method of measuring the bending strength of the test piece based on the maximum load when the test piece is broken by applying a load to the substantially central portion of the test piece supported at two points,
L: Distance between fulcrums (cm)
A: Specimen width (cm)
B: Test piece thickness (cm)
P: Maximum load when the specimen breaks (N)
Based on the above definition, when obtaining the bending strength of the test piece from the following equation (1),
Bending strength = 8 x P x L / (2 x A x B 2 ) (1)
The electric motor characterized in that the bending strength of the brush measured by the measuring method is 16 MPa or more . 請求項４に記載した電動機において、
前記ブラシは多層構造であり、各層毎の曲げ強度を平均した値が１６ＭＰａ以上であることを特徴とする電動機。 In the electric motor according to claim 4,
The brush has a multilayer structure, and an average value of bending strength for each layer is 16 MPa or more . 請求項１〜５に記載した何れかの電動機は、内燃機関を始動するためのスタータモータであることを特徴とする電動機。 One of the motor according to claim 1 to 5, the electric motor, which is a starter motor for starting the internal combustion engine.
JP2005157330A 2005-05-30 2005-05-30 Electric motor Expired - Fee Related JP4600155B2 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

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JP2005157330A JP4600155B2 (en) 2005-05-30 2005-05-30 Electric motor
DE102006024922.4A DE102006024922B4 (en) 2005-05-30 2006-05-29 Rotating electric machine and starter
US11/442,171 US7608956B2 (en) 2005-05-30 2006-05-30 Automotive engine starter and electric rotary machine designed to withstand vibrational impact
FR0604830A FR2887377B1 (en) 2005-05-30 2006-05-30 AUTOMOBILE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE STARTER AND ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE DESIGNED TO RESIST THE VIBRATION EFFECTS
US12/585,290 US7847467B2 (en) 2005-05-30 2009-09-10 Automotive engine starter and electric rotary machine designed to withstand vibrational impact
US12/585,292 US7893593B2 (en) 2005-05-30 2009-09-10 Automotive engine starter and electric rotary machine designed to withstand vibrational impact

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008131823A (en) 2006-11-24 2008-06-05 Denso Corp Dc motor
JP7095352B2 (en) 2018-03-28 2022-07-05 株式会社デンソー Starter
CN110137763A (en) * 2019-06-12 2019-08-16 河南和实科技有限公司 A kind of gear-box earthing or grounding means with partition

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0446546A (en) * 1990-06-12 1992-02-17 Nippondenso Co Ltd Laminated brush
JP2001136710A (en) * 1999-11-08 2001-05-18 Asmo Co Ltd Structure and method for removing commutator in armature for electric motor
JP2002080922A (en) * 2000-09-07 2002-03-22 Mitsubishi Materials Corp ARMATEUR-BRUSHING MATERIAL MADE OF Cu-GRAPHITE BASED SINTERED MATERIAL HAVING EXCELLENT WEAR RESISTANCE
JP2004229352A (en) * 2003-01-20 2004-08-12 Denso Corp Armature for rotating machine and stator with the same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0446546A (en) * 1990-06-12 1992-02-17 Nippondenso Co Ltd Laminated brush
JP2001136710A (en) * 1999-11-08 2001-05-18 Asmo Co Ltd Structure and method for removing commutator in armature for electric motor
JP2002080922A (en) * 2000-09-07 2002-03-22 Mitsubishi Materials Corp ARMATEUR-BRUSHING MATERIAL MADE OF Cu-GRAPHITE BASED SINTERED MATERIAL HAVING EXCELLENT WEAR RESISTANCE
JP2004229352A (en) * 2003-01-20 2004-08-12 Denso Corp Armature for rotating machine and stator with the same

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