JP4599616B2 - Vibration applying apparatus and vibration applying method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vibration applying apparatus and method suitable for application to adjusting the feel of wind of a lead used in wind instruments such as oboe and clarinet.

Conventionally, wind instruments such as oboe and clarinet are widely used in brass band, orchestra and the like. As elements constituting sound, “three major elements of sound” of pitch, volume and tone color are generally known. Musical instruments can produce different timbres for each type, and the timbre can be varied by combining various musical instruments.
Even with the same type of musical instrument, different timbres are played by different players. Furthermore, as the player's technology improves, he can enjoy the change in timbre. For this reason, not only professional players but also amateur players are familiar with playing musical instruments as a hobby.

Here, the sound generator of the wind instrument will be described. Wind instruments are divided into single lead, double lead, air lead, and lip lead.
For wind instruments, a single lead (single lead) is fixed to the mouthpiece, and a single lead instrument such as clarinet or saxophone that uses this single lead as a sound generator, and a double lead with two leads superimposed. There are double lead instruments such as oboe and bassoon.
An air lead is a sounding body that generates sound by blowing a bundle of air. Musical instruments using the air lead as a sounding body include flute, piccolo, and the like.
Instruments that use single lead, double lead, and air lead as sounding bodies are collectively referred to as woodwind instruments.
On the other hand, the lip lead is a sounding body that generates sound by vibrating the player's lips in contact with the mouthpiece. Musical instruments that use lipread as a sounding body include trumpet, trombone, etc., and these instruments are collectively referred to as brass instruments.

Here, attention is focused on a woodwind instrument using a single lead or a double lead (hereinafter also simply referred to as a lead) as a sounding body.
The reed is made of natural reed, processed to an appropriate size, and attached to the insertion port located on the upper tube of the instrument.
The size of the lead itself is about several centimeters. By attaching the lead to the wind outlet of the wind instrument and playing it, the vibration of the generated lead is resonated and amplified in the wind instrument, thereby generating a musical instrument sound.

The pronunciation principle of wind instruments using reeds can be explained as follows.
In the case of a double reed instrument, the reciprocal reeds that face each other oscillate as a result of an opening and closing movement caused by a pressure difference between the oral cavity and the tube due to the wind performance.
The same applies to a single lead musical instrument, and the reed generates an opening / closing motion with respect to the mouthpiece and oscillates.
When the frequency of oscillation at this time is, for example, 440 Hz, an A (ra) sound is emitted.

In the case of a lead musical instrument played with a breath, depending on the state of the musical instrument and the lead, the player feels that his / her breath is suffocated or breathed too much. Such a sensation is called “wind feeling”. The feeling of blowing is determined by the player's subjective feeling. In general, the feeling of suffocating is expressed as “heavy feeling of blowing”, and the feeling of easy breathing is expressed as “light feeling of feeling”.
For this reason, even if the leads have the same shape or the same shape, if the player oscillates efficiently with little effort, the player feels that the feeling of blowing is light. In general, when the feeling of wind is lightened, the player feels that the feeling of wind has been improved because it is easier to achieve a stable performance by reducing the physical burden.

  By the way, since the new lead just manufactured is not blown, the fibers of the eyelids are in close contact with each other with a strong binding force, and maintains a strong elastic force. Since the cocoon fiber is not used to the vibration caused by blowing, even if it is attached to the air outlet and breathes in, it cannot be controlled as expected and is difficult to vibrate. Such a lead state is referred to as a “hard” state. The lead in a hard state has the property of “heavy wind feeling”.

  Conventionally, when a player wants to use a new lead, the player has to spend time and effort to blow over several hours a day in order to obtain a feeling of playing suitable for the taste. By repeating this procedure, even in the case of a new lead that is in close contact with the fiber, the elastic force of the lead gradually decreases moderately due to the loosening of the bonding force between the fibers due to the vibration of the lead that occurs due to blowing. Go. As a result, the lead gradually changes to a state where the feeling of wind is light. Such a state is referred to as a “soft” state. The soft lead has a “light feeling”.

Patent Document 1 describes a reed for musical instrument composed of a synthetic material reinforced with fiber.
Japanese National Patent Publication No. 8-504039

  By the way, even if the player wants to use the new lead immediately for practice or performance, it takes a long time for the lead to become “soft” for the reasons described above. The new lead is difficult to control and it is difficult to obtain a stable performance effect, so it is difficult to meet the immediate demands of the players.

  In addition, since the lead is made of a natural material, the period that can withstand playing is not permanent. If a lead in a state suitable for preference is used continuously for hours or days, the lead will eventually cease to vibrate. Factors that cause the lead to stop vibrating again are viscous materials such as the player's saliva, and the fibers are bonded again, and the elastic force of the lead is unnecessarily lowered, so that the opening and closing movement sufficient for sound oscillation does not occur. Is mentioned. This phenomenon is called “lead degradation”. When the lead is washed, it is possible to remove the attached viscous material, but it is difficult to completely remove the viscous material, and it is impossible to restore the elastic force by washing.

Here, “lead deterioration” will be described. When vibration is applied to an object, the object is fatigued. Metal fatigue is the same.
Reed is made from natural plants (buds). Plants have fibers developed along the direction of stem elongation, and the fibers adhere to each other so as not to disperse.

  When vibration is applied to the leads, the adhesive strength between the fibers decreases. By reducing the adhesive force, the elastic force of the lead itself necessary for the opening and closing movement of the lead is also reduced. Here, the deterioration or deterioration of the properties due to physical or chemical changes during storage or use of the lead is referred to as “deterioration”.

  When the lead is remarkably deteriorated, the elastic force is also reduced along with the deterioration, and the repulsive force is attenuated with respect to the air pressure in the oral cavity, thereby slowing the movement in the opening direction. For this reason, the flow rate of the breath is reduced, and the sound volume that can be emitted by the reed is reduced. Further, the lead end portion is kept closed for a long time, so that the player feels a feeling of suffocation. Furthermore, as a result of the leading end portion of the reed being uttered by a slow movement in the open direction due to a decrease in elastic force, overtones, which are timbre elements, are reduced, and timbre changes occur. The timbre thus changed is generally expressed as “a humorous timbre with few overtones”.

  The quality of the feeling of wind is an element that is determined by the individual player subjectively. For this reason, although a feeling of wind can be displayed with a quantitative numerical value (for example, measuring the pressure at the time of blowing, etc.), the feeling of wind suitable for everyone cannot be defined. Generally, a new lead has a strong elastic force, and as the elastic force gradually decreases with deterioration, a lead with a feeling of blowing suitable for individual player's preference is provisionally obtained. However, if the lead deterioration further progresses, the change in feeling of wind also advances, and it becomes impossible to obtain a feeling of playing suitable for taste.

  If the lead stops vibrating, the player will not be able to increase the volume even if a lot of breath is blown into the lead, or the tone will become monotonous. For this reason, the subject that the music expression which a player intends will be restrict | limited has arisen.

  Since the artificial lead described in Patent Document 1 is made of a synthetic material reinforced with fibers, the tone and wind feeling are inferior to those of conventional leads made of natural cocoons. The reason for this is that the natural fiber has a laminated structure in which cell wall cavities are connected, whereas the artificial fiber is a straight fiber (so-called hollow synthetic yarn). In addition, in an artificial material, a longitudinally extending fiber bundle is strongly bonded to an adjacent fiber bundle, so that an artificial lead is not easily changed flexibly, and “improvement of feeling of blowing” by playing is more difficult than natural materials. In addition, the inflexible lead is difficult to control during the performance and does not change the musical expression. Therefore, the artificial lead is a hard-to-use lead for the player.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to improve the feel of the reed by changing the characteristics of the reed of a natural material.

  In the present invention, a lead is fixed to a lead fixing portion, and vibration is applied to the lead fixing portion.

  According to the present invention, since the lead is fixed to the lead fixing portion and vibration is applied to the lead fixing portion, it is possible to indirectly apply vibration to the lead. As a result, the lead characteristics change. The lead for applying vibration may be either a single lead or a double lead. And the lead which the vibration was given and the characteristic changed produces the special effect that a player's feeling of wind changes.

  Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In this example, an example in which the present invention is applied to a vibration applying device 1 that applies vibration to a lead such as a single lead or a double lead will be described.

  First, a configuration example of the vibration applying device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a part of the upper case 4a of the vibration applying device 1 in which the components are combined.

  The vibration applying device 1 includes, for example, a lead fixing unit 10 that fixes a double lead 5 used for oboe, a driving unit 11 that transmits vibration to the lead fixing unit 10, and an AC-DC (Alternating Current-) that supplies power to the driving unit 11. Direct Current) adapter 21. The vibration applying device 1 suppresses the failure rate of the control system by dividing it into a vibration system composed of the lead fixing unit 10 and the drive unit 11 and a control system composed of the AC-DC adapter 21 and the switch 7. .

  The lead fixing portion 10 is a half boat-shaped member formed by bending styrene resin. The thickness of the lead fixing portion 10 is about 1 mm to 1.5 mm into which the double lead 5 can be inserted. The double lead 5 is formed in a state where two curved canes 5a face each other and a small gap of about 1 mm is opened at the tip. The two canes 5a are fixed to a tube 5b in which a cork is covered with a metal cylinder with silk thread or nylon thread. When the double lead 5 is inserted into the lead fixing portion 10 from the direction of the arrow A, the lead fixing portion 10 is inserted inside the cane 5a. Since the opposing canes 5a act to close each other, the double lead 5 is fixed with the lead fixing part 10 sandwiched therebetween.

  A case for storing and protecting a part of the drive unit 11 and the lead fixing unit 10 includes a rectangular parallelepiped upper case 4a and a bottom surface portion 4b. Since the upper case 4a and the bottom surface portion 4b are fixed to each other by a fixing claw or the like, they are not detached even if vibration from the driving unit 11 is applied. The upper case 4a and the bottom surface portion 4b may be fixed with screws or the like, or may be bonded with an adhesive or the like. Legs 6 formed of an elastic body that absorbs vibration are attached to the bottom surface portion 4b at two locations. The leg part 6 absorbs the vibration generated by the drive part 11. For this reason, the noise which arises on the desk etc. in which the vibration provision apparatus 1 was set | placed is suppressed. A through hole 2 is formed in the upper surface of the upper case 4a in accordance with the cross-sectional shape of the lead fixing portion 10.

A buffer part 3 made of a buffer material such as rubber or felt is formed on the periphery of the through hole 2. Even if the lead fixing part 10 comes into contact with the through hole 2, the buffer part 3 reduces the vibration of the lead fixing part 10. For this reason, the noise which generate | occur | produces by the vibration transmitted to the upper case 4a is suppressed.
Note that when the lead fixing portion 10 comes into contact with the elastic resin, the vibration of the lead fixing portion 10 also varies somewhat, but the amount of vibration applied to the lead is not extremely suppressed by the driving portion 11.

  The drive unit 11 is housed inside the upper case 4a and the bottom surface part 4b, and is protected from external impacts, dust, and the like. The L-shaped support portion 9 that supports the drive portion 11 is interposed between the drive portion 11 and the bottom surface portion 4b. An eccentric motor having an eccentric weight 12 attached to a rotating shaft is attached to the drive unit 11. Since the center of gravity of the eccentric weight 12 deviates from the rotational axis, when the eccentric weight 12 rotates, vibration with a predetermined drive frequency is generated according to the rotational speed of the rotational shaft. When this vibration is transmitted to the lead fixing part 10, vibrations in the ± Y direction are indirectly applied to the double lead 5 fixed by the lead fixing part 10.

  The AC-DC adapter 21 has a function of converting household AC voltage into DC voltage. The AC-DC adapter 21 includes a voltage changeover switch 22 that adjusts power supply. The voltage changeover switch 22 can change the voltage supplied to the drive unit 11 into three types. When the voltage supplied to the drive unit 11 is changed by the switching operation of the voltage changeover switch 22, the rotational frequency of the eccentric weight 12 (the rotation shaft of the drive unit 11) can be changed. When the rotational frequency of the eccentric weight 12 is changed, the drive frequency generated in the drive unit 11 is changed.

  The AC-DC adapter 21 and the drive unit 11 are connected by a lead wire 18. When the voltage changeover switch 22 is on, power is supplied to the drive unit 11. The driving unit 11 is turned on and off by the switch 7. The drive unit 11 and the AC-DC adapter 21 are electrically connected or disconnected via the switch 7.

  Next, a configuration example in a state where each component constituting the vibration applying device 1 is disassembled will be described with reference to a perspective view of FIG.

FIG. 2 shows an example in which the upper case 4a and the bottom surface portion 4b are disassembled after the double lead 5 is removed from the lead fixing portion 10. FIG.
A surface fastener (registered trademark) 15 is attached to the bottom surface of the drive unit 11 and the top surface of the bottom surface portion 4b. The drive unit 11 is fixed to the bottom surface part 4 b by the surface fastener 15. Further, the end surfaces of the drive unit 11 and the lead fixing unit 10 are fixed by an adhesive or the like. For this reason, the drive unit 11 and the lead fixing unit 10 are not separated even during long-time vibration.

The drive unit 11 is installed on the upper bottom surface of the support unit 9 and is fixed by a substantially Ω-shaped stopper 16. Both ends of the fastener 16 are fixed to the support portion 9 by fixing portions 17 formed of bolts and nuts. The support part 9, the lead fixing part 10, and the driving part 11 are securely fixed by application of an adhesive or the like.
In the surface fastener 15, the contact surface between the drive unit 11 and the bottom surface portion 4 b is blocked by an air buffer (air damper), so that a reduction in vibration efficiency is suppressed.
For the material of the lead fixing portion 10, styrene resin is used in order to improve vibration resistance. Since styrene resin is a soft material, even if a long-time vibration is applied, the possibility of breakage is low.

  The drive unit 11 includes two terminals 19. The lead wire 18 is inserted into the hole of the upper case 4a in a state of being divided into two forks. The lead wire 18 divided into two forks is connected to a terminal 19.

Below, the three types of voltages switched by the voltage changeover switch 22, the frequency (rotational speed) when the eccentric motor is rotated by each voltage, and a corresponding example of the vibration mode will be described.
(1) 7.5V ... 130Hz (Low Power mode)
Low Power is effective when it is desired to slightly change the feeling of playing.
(2) 9.0V ... 155Hz (standard mode)
During normal use, the standard mode is used.
(3) 12V ... 200Hz (High Power mode)
In the High Power mode, the time for applying vibration can be shortened.

  Next, in order to explain that when the vibration is applied to the lead, the characteristic of the lead changes and the feeling of wind is improved, the characteristic of the plant cell that is the material of the lead will be described with reference to FIGS. .

<1-1. Mechanism of plant cell growth>
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of water absorption growth of plant cells.
As a first characteristic regarding the structure of the plant cell, there is a large bag (organelle: organelle) called a vacuole 31 at the center. A vacuole is an organ that causes a large change in the growth of plant cells.
Fig.3 (a)-FIG.3 (e) are the figures which show the growth state of the plant cell 30 on the same scale.
As shown in FIG. 3A, the plant cell 30 includes a vacuole 31 and a nucleus (protoplasm) 32. And as the plant cell 30 grows, as shown in FIG.3 (b)-FIG.3 (e), the plant cell 30 becomes large. Although the size of the vacuole 31 changes with the growth of the plant cell 30, the nucleus 32 maintains a substantially constant size regardless of the growth of the plant cell 30.

  Thus, the plant cell 30 increases in volume from the end of division until it matures, but the size of the nucleus 32 hardly increases. From this fact, it is understood that the growth of the plant cell is performed only by increasing the volume of the vacuole 31. The reason why the vacuole 31 becomes large is that the extracellular fluid is taken into the vacuole 31. Such an action of the vacuole 31 is referred to as “water absorption growth”.

  Although the plant cell 30 grows by water absorption, an osmotic pressure generated by a solute dissolved in the vacuole can be considered as a driving force of water absorption. The osmotic pressure increases in proportion to the solute concentration. Although the plant cell 30 has a large water absorption power (osmotic pressure), it does not absorb water randomly. The reason is that the cell wall having a large mechanical strength (withstand pressure of about 3 to 10 atm) outside the plant cell 30 prevents a disordered volume increase due to water absorption.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a mechanism for regulating water absorption growth of plant cells.
The second feature regarding the structure of the plant cell is the presence of the cell wall 33. The plant cell 30 forms a cell wall 33 having a large mechanical strength on the outside, and includes a vacuole 31 and a nucleus 32 inside. The extent to which plant cells can absorb water 34 is determined by the balance between the osmotic pressure and the ease of cell wall extension (extensibility). By the way, when the cell growth is restricted by the cell wall strength, an inflating pressure 36 is generated inside the cell. The inflation pressure 36 is equivalent to the wall pressure 35 generated by the cell wall strength. The shape of the plant cell 30 is maintained by balancing the wall pressure 35 and the inflation pressure 36.

<1-2. Cell wall changes that lead to cell growth>
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a structural model of the cell wall 33.
The cell wall 33 has a two-phase structure of cellulose fibers 41 corresponding to the skeleton and a matrix 42 existing between the cellulose fibers 41. Cellulose fiber 41 is an aggregate of polysaccharides called β-1,4-glucan, and has a property of forming hydrogen bonds with each other. Therefore, several tens of polysaccharides are bundled on cell wall 33. On the other hand, the matrix 42 is an aggregate of about 10 kinds of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, and sparsely fills the space between the cellulose fibers 41.

  Since the cellulose fiber 41 has a high mechanical strength, it is difficult to stretch and bend. Accordingly, the extension of the cell wall 33 tends to separate the adjacent cellulose fibers 41, so that the cell wall 33 hardly extends in the left-right direction in FIG. Cell wall polysaccharides (mainly pectin) act as adhesives for cell wall adhesion, which is also found in normal tissues. Since the fiber maintains a strong bonding force by this adhesive action, a stable plant structure can be maintained.

<1-3. Changes in cell wall over time>
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing an example of a plant cell constituting a rice stem that absorbs water.
Rice stalks have a typical plant stalk structure and are similar to cocoons, which are double-lead and single-lead materials. Plant cells proliferate by division, but cells that have just divided are densely packed with small cells. Plant cells gradually grow with water absorption, and increase several times as they grow.

FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C are diagrams showing the growth state of rice stems on the same scale.
FIG. 6A is an enlarged view of a plant cell of rice in a young state.
FIG. 6B is an enlarged view of the plant cells of the rice in the state of FIG. 6A after the water supply growth process.
FIG.6 (c) is the figure which expanded and looked at the plant cell of this rice after the rice of the state of FIG.6 (b) passed through the process of water supply growth.
As shown in FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (c), rice plant cells grow by repeating division and expansion in the direction of arrow C in which the rice stem extends. For this reason, it can be said that the cell is old and sparse near the root of rice, and the cell is young and dense near the tip.

<2-1. Change in wind feeling due to water content>
Usually, the lead before blowing is in a dry state, and the vibration part at the tip is hardened by drying, which causes a great hindrance to the oscillation and duration of the sound. In order to solve this problem, the player plays after blowing appropriate water to the tip and middle of the reed by immersing or licking in water before blowing.
The proper water content works like a lubricating oil that changes the lead that is hardened by drying into a flexible state. However, excessive water content causes the cell wall to expand due to the bulging pressure caused by the absorbed vacuole, thereby generating wall pressure in individual cells and interacting with each other to increase the tension of the lead.
When the tension increases, the blowing pressure must be increased by about 10 to 20 hPa in order to obtain a pressure sufficient to oscillate and sustain the sound. For this reason, it is known that an excessively water-containing reed feels like a squeezed breath.

Such a change in feeling of wind due to a change in tension is a phenomenon that occurs particularly noticeably in a double-lead instrument. This is a characteristic of the structure of the double lead, and is caused by the fact that the tip portions of the two leads combined with each other change to a small arc shape due to an increase in tension, and the opening width of the tip portion increases.
The lead that has become difficult to play due to the increase in tension gradually decreases the blowing pressure by continuing the blowing, and the feeling of blowing is slightly improved. This is an effect that the lead is easily vibrated slightly by narrowing the opening width of the distal end portion by the closing force of the lips in playing.

<2-2. Lead softening and rigidity>
The lead changes to a flexible state by playing. This change is referred to as “softening”, which is a phenomenon caused by moderate water content and vibration in soft tissue called “skin layer” between vascular tissue and epidermis. Softening occurs only in the skin layer and not in the epidermis. For this reason, softening due to water content and vibration has a significant effect on leads having a shape in which the skin layer portion is more exposed.

If you play after applying a pressure that sufficiently exceeds the atmospheric pressure for a certain period of time without changing the water content of the reed, a feeling of blowing will appear as a temporary change. This change is a result of a change in the opening / closing movement of the lead tip due to the change in the elastic force of the skin layer due to pressurization. Such a change is called “rigidity”.
When general blowing pressure (15 to 80 hPa) is repeatedly applied to the lead, the stiffness of the cortex proceeds little by little. In addition, when viscous secretions such as saliva enter into the gaps of the fibers and solidify, they act as a load against the vibration of the reed and become a factor that slows the opening and closing movement of the reed. These are also a kind of rigidity, and cause a feeling of blowing that makes you breathe.

<2-3. Effect of applying vibration>
The inventor of the present invention has found by experiment that when a forced vibration is applied to the lead from the outside, the fiber bond can be relaxed. As a result, it has been found that the effect of reducing the feeling of breathing that is suffocating can be obtained. This effect becomes more pronounced as the cell walls become smaller and denser, and as the surface layer becomes more exposed. In terms of botany, the more effective the younger the material, the greater the area after removing the epidermis.

  By the way, the lead is in a state where the epidermis of the tip included in the mouth of the player is shaved. Such scraping of the epidermis is called scraping, and the scraped portion is called a scraping surface. By scraping, the tip of the lead can be vibrated efficiently and sound can be emitted. Here, when the double lead used for oboe is examined, it has been found that the long scrape lead having a wide scrape surface has a greater effect of improving the feel of wind than the short scrape lead having a narrow scrape surface. This effect is effective even with a new material or a rigid material constituting the lead. For this reason, unless the plant fiber at the tip of the lead is physically damaged or damaged, the effect of improving the feel of wind is recognized by applying vibration.

<2-4. Difference between vibration imparted part and effect>
Next, the inventor conducted an experiment on the difference between the effect of applying forced vibration to the lead and the effect. In this experiment, a single lead was used to clarify the relationship between the position where the forced vibration is applied and the obtained effect. As a result of this experiment, it has been found that the effect obtained is different when the site to which the forced vibration is applied is changed.

Here, the shape of the single lead will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 7A is a top view of the single lead 61 for clarinet.
FIG. 7B is a side view of the single lead 61.
FIG. 7C is a side view of the single lead 61 attached to the mouthpiece 66.
The single lead 61 has its skin cut to almost half the length direction. This part is referred to as a shaving part 62. In the region other than the shaving portion 62 of the single lead 61, the skin remains, and this portion is referred to as the skin portion 63.
The surface on which the shaving portion 62 is formed is referred to as a lower lip contact surface 65 because it contacts the lower lip of the player during performance. On the other hand, the back surface of the lower lip contact surface 65 is a plane fixed to the mouthpiece 66 and is referred to as a mouthpiece contact surface 64.

As a result of the experiment, it was found that when the single lead 61 was fixed and forced vibration was applied to the lead fixing portion while the shaving portion 62 on the mouthpiece contact surface 64 side was in close contact with the lead fixing portion, a heavy feeling of wind was felt. did.
On the other hand, it was found that when the single lead 61 was fixed and forced vibration was applied to the lead fixing portion while the skin 63 on the mouthpiece contact surface 64 side was in close contact with the lead fixing portion, a light feeling was felt.

The shaving part 62 vibrates at the time of blowing and repeats a minute amplitude motion. The skin portion 63 is fixed to the mouthpiece 66 with a ligature 67. The skin part 63 and the mouthpiece 66 support the vibration of the shaving part 62 by maintaining a close contact state.
When the forced vibration is directly applied to the shaving portion 62, the skin layer is stiffened, and the opening / closing motion of the lead tip is changed. This is because the force of the so-called “stepping” compression action reaches the fibers of the lead and the fibers are strongly bonded to each other, so that the lead is changed to a hard state. As a result, the player feels a heavy feeling of playing.
Here, when the ground or the like is hardened, rolling the vibrating roller or using a road paving device to pin it down is referred to as “stepping”.

Based on the above-described results, the inventor conducted experiments by changing the conditions for applying forced vibration to the leads. As a result, it has been found that the following phenomenon occurs in the feeling of playing.
(1-1) When the skin portion 63 of the single lead 61 is fixed to the lead fixing portion and forced vibration is applied, the feeling of blowing becomes easier to breathe and easier to blow. Such a feeling of blowing is expressed as “lightening”.
(1-2) When the shaving portion 62 of the single lead 61 is fixed to the lead fixing portion and forced vibration is applied, the feeling of blowing becomes clogged and difficult to blow. Such a feeling of blowing is expressed as “heavy”.

Such a phenomenon is considered to occur due to a difference in what kind of forced vibration is applied to the skin layer.
In the case of (1-1), the vibrating cutting portion 62 and the surface of the lead fixing portion are not in direct contact. For this reason, the fibers in the skin layer are relaxed by forced vibration. As a result, the feeling of playing is lightened.
In the case of (1-2), since the shaving portion 62 that vibrates and the surface of the lead fixing portion are in direct contact with each other, forced vibration is applied so that the fibers of the skin layer portion are brought into close contact. At this time, the feeling of wind is heavy due to the so-called “stepping” action.

However, only the phenomenon (1-1) occurs in double lead. The reason is as follows.
(2-1) The cross-sectional shape in the width direction of the lead fixing portion does not completely match the shape of the inner diameter cross-section of the lead, and a contact surface necessary for strongly bonding the fibers cannot be obtained.
(2-2) Since the double lead is fixed in a state where it is sandwiched between the lead fixing parts, as long as the vibration force acts on the front side of the lead as long as the forced vibration direction has a vector in the front and back direction of the lead, the lead on the back side Try to leave constantly. For this reason, the inner surface of the lead and the lead fixing portion do not maintain a close contact state for causing a change due to the compressive force.
The reason why only the phenomenon (1-1) occurs in the double lead is considered to be the reason why (2-1) is the largest. That is, in the double lead, stiffening due to treading does not occur unless there is a lead fixing portion that can be brought into close contact with the front and back surfaces of the forced vibration applying portion.

  By using the vibration applying device 1 according to the first embodiment described above, it is possible to apply forced vibration to the lead while the lead is securely fixed to the lead fixing portion 10. For this reason, the vibration energy is transmitted to the lead without being substantially attenuated, and the fibers of the eyelid, which is the material of the lead, can be separated from each other. By the way, it is a well-known fact that when the reed plays, the reed itself becomes familiar with the vibration and becomes easy to blow. This phenomenon is based on a change in the characteristics of the reed where the fiber relaxes by applying vibration to the reed in the act of “swinging the instrument”. For this reason, it can be said that if the heel fibers that are the lead material are relaxed in advance, it becomes easier for the player to breathe and instantly improve the feeling of blowing. Moreover, since it becomes easy to breathe and can be played with little effort, the effect of making it easy to control the timbre, pitch and volume can be obtained secondarily. As described above, it has been necessary to adjust the feel of the lead over time, but by applying the forced vibration to the lead by the vibration applying device 1, the characteristics of the lead can be changed in a short time, and the feel of wind. The effect that can be improved.

The switch 7 may be attached to the upper case 4a of the vibration applying device 1 or may be attached to the AC-DC adapter 21.
Further, the AC-DC adapter 21 is provided with the voltage changeover switch 22 so that the frequency of the drive unit 11 can be adjusted. However, the switch 7 may be replaced with a multistage switch. In addition to the on / off function, this multistage switch can switch a plurality of built-in resistors when turned on. For this reason, the electric power supplied to the drive unit 11 can be changed by changing the multistage switch, and the frequency of the drive unit 11 can be changed. For this reason, there exists an effect that operativity improves.

  Moreover, as a buffer member used for the buffer part 3, a porous rubber, a plastic, a urethane, a spring, etc. can be used, without receiving restrictions. By using such a buffer member, there is an effect that it is possible to mitigate the impact and noise on the installation base.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Also in this example, an example in which the present invention is applied to a vibration applying device 100 that applies forced vibration to a lead such as a single lead or a double lead will be described.

First, a configuration example of the vibration applying device 100 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 8A is an external perspective view of the vibration applying device 100.
FIG. 8B is an exploded perspective view of the vibration applying device 100.
The vibration applying device 100 includes a cylindrical main body 101 and a lead fixing portion 103 that fixes a lead to the main body 101. The lead fixing unit 103 fixes a double lead used for oboe, for example. A drive unit 110 that transmits vibration to the lead fixing unit 103 and a power supply unit 113 that supplies power to the drive unit 110 are stored inside the main body unit 101. For example, a dry battery is used for the power supply unit 113. The main body 101 is formed using a material such as synthetic resin in order to insulate the power supply unit 113.

  A switch 102 that can be switched on and off is provided on a side surface of the main body 101. The switch 102 is a seesaw switch and includes an on button 102a and an off button 102b. When the on button 102a is pressed, the on state is maintained and the driving unit 110 is driven. When the off button 102b is pressed, the on state is released, the off state is entered, and the drive unit 110 stops.

  The power supply unit 113 is stored in a cylindrical power storage unit 112 having an inner diameter that is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the main body unit 101. A leaf spring 114 is attached to the side surface of the power storage unit 112. One end of the leaf spring is a first contact 115a, and the other end is a second contact 115b.

  The drive unit 110 is an eccentric motor in which an eccentric weight 117 is attached to a rotating shaft. Since the center of gravity of the eccentric weight 117 deviates from the rotation axis, the eccentric weight 117 rotates according to the rotation frequency of the rotation axis, and vibration with a predetermined drive frequency occurs. When this vibration is transmitted to the lead fixing portion 103, circular vibration substantially parallel to the YZ plane is indirectly applied to the lead fixed by the lead fixing portion 103.

  A metal conductive plate 116 is formed on the upper surface of the driving unit 110. The conductive plate 116 is connected to a terminal inside the eccentric motor. A spring-shaped elastic contact 111 is attached to the end surface of the drive unit 110. The elastic contact 111 is also connected to a terminal inside the eccentric motor.

A cap 103 is fitted into one end of the main body 101 in order to prevent the power supply unit 113 from coming off. A contact (not shown) is provided inside the cap 103. When the cap is fitted into the main body 101, the internal contact of the cap 103 comes into contact with the negative electrode of the power supply unit 113. Further, the internal contact of the cap 103 contacts the second contact 115 b of the leaf spring 114. Thus, the internal contact of the cap 103 and the second contact 115b are electrically connected.

The first contact 115 a of the leaf spring 114 is in contact with the conductive plate 116 of the driving unit 110. On the other hand, the elastic contact 111 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the power supply unit 113 stored in the power supply storage unit 112. With such a structure, the power of the power supply unit 113 is supplied to the drive unit 110 and can drive the drive unit 110.

  A lead fixing portion 103 is attached to the other end portion of the main body portion 101 by an attachment portion 105. In this example, a screw is used as the attachment portion 105, but an adhesive or the like may be used, or a fitting type may be used. Further, the main body portion 101 and the lead fixing portion 103 may be integrally formed.

  When the vibration applying device 100 is not used, the lead fixing portion 103 is covered with a cylindrical lead fixing portion protective cover 106 having one end closed. At the other end, a cut portion 104 is formed by cutting the side surface of the lead fixing portion protective cover 106 into an L shape. When the mounting portion 105 is a screw, the lead fixing portion protective cover 106 can be fixed to the main body portion 101 by inserting the lead fixing portion 103 into the lead fixing portion protective cover 106 along the notch 104 with the head of the screw. . The lead fixing portion protective cover 106 has a function of protecting the lead fixing portion 103 when the vibration applying device 100 receives an impact from the outside or falls.

  Further, the vibration applying device 100 includes a transparent lead protective cover 107 having a diameter substantially the same as the diameter of the main body 101. The lead protection cover 107 is a member for protecting the lead when the lead is fixed to the lead fixing portion 103. A connecting portion 109 is formed of, for example, soft rubber on the peripheral edge portion of the open end portion of the lead protection cover 107. An example of a state in which the lead is fixed to the lead fixing portion 103 will be described later.

Next, a configuration example when the double lead 120 is attached to the vibration applying device 100 will be described with reference to FIG.
The lead fixing portion 103 is a member formed by processing styrene resin. The double lead 120 is fixed to the lead fixing portion 103. Further, the transparent lead protection cover 107 is fixed to the main body 101. By doing so, the double lead 120 can be protected when the vibration applying device 100 receives an impact from the outside or falls.

  By using the vibration applying device 100 according to the second embodiment described above, vibration can be applied in a state where the double lead 120 is securely fixed to the lead fixing portion 103. For this reason, the vibration energy is transmitted to the lead without being substantially attenuated, and the fibers of the cocoon that is the material of the lead can be separated from each other. As described above, the lead had to be adjusted over time, but the vibration imparting device 100 is used to impart vibration to the lead, so that the characteristics of the lead can be changed in a short time to improve the feel of wind. There is an effect that can be.

  In addition, the vibration applying device 100 integrally includes a vibration system including a lead fixing unit 103 and a drive unit 110, a power supply unit 113, and a switch 102. Since it is such a structure, there exists an effect that portability improves.

  In addition, the vibration applying device 100 includes a lead fixing part protective cover 106 and a lead protective cover 107. By attaching these covers, no impact is applied to the lead fixing part 103 or the double lead 120 fixed to the lead fixing part 103 from the outside. For this reason, there is an effect that the possibility of damage to the lead fixing portion 103 and the double lead 120 is eliminated.

  In addition, since the lead protection cover 107 is transparent, even if there are a plurality of types of double leads 120 for applying forced vibration, it can be confirmed in a state of being attached to the vibration applying device 100. Therefore, forced vibration can be applied to the double lead 120 while viewing the state of the double lead 120.

Note that the dry battery used as the power supply unit 113 can be repeatedly charged by using a secondary battery. Alternatively, the vibration applying device 100 may be charged with a charging function so that the power supply unit 113 is charged while being stored in the main body unit 100.
Further, power may be supplied from a household outlet using an AC-DC adapter.
Moreover, the lead fixing part protective cover 106 and the lead protective cover 107 may be either translucent or non-transparent.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
Also in this example, an example applied to a vibration applying device 140 that applies forced vibration to a lead such as a single lead or a double lead will be described. The vibration applying device 140 is characterized in that a piezoelectric body is used for the drive unit 143.
FIG. 10A is an external perspective view of the vibration applying device 140.
FIG. 10B is an exploded perspective view of the vibration applying device 140.
FIG. 10C is an external perspective view of the drive unit 143 made of piezoelectric ceramics.
In the second embodiment described above, the members already described in FIG. 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted.

The vibration applying device 140 includes a main body 141 that stores a power supply unit 113 and a drive unit 143. A slide type switch 142 is formed on the side surface of the main body 141. The switch 142 is turned on or off by sliding the switch 142. In the on state, the drive unit 143 vibrates, and in the off state, the drive unit 143 stops.
The drive unit 143 is a piezoelectric body that generates vibration when a voltage is applied. In this example, piezoelectric ceramics are used as the drive unit 143. When a voltage is applied to the drive unit 143 with the plane portion of the drive unit 143 parallel to the XY plane, the drive unit 143 vibrates in the ± Y directions.

  By the way, when vibration is applied in a direction perpendicular to the wide surface of the lead fixing portion 103 (± Y direction), vibration is applied in a direction perpendicular to the wide surface of the lead (not shown) fixed to the lead fixing portion 103, and the characteristics are improved. It can be changed. The vibration vector applied to the lead, that is, the vibration vector of the drive unit 143 is preferably in the ± Y direction.

  In this example, in order to apply vibration to the lead fixing portion 103 in the ± Y direction, the driving portion 143 is attached to the resin driving portion fixing plate 144. The drive unit fixing plate 144 is a member installed inside the main body unit 101, and can apply vibrations vertically to the wide surface of the lead fixing unit 103. As a result, it is possible to apply vibration in the ± Y direction to the lead fixed to the lead fixing portion 103.

  By using the vibration applying device 140 according to the third embodiment described above, vibration can be applied in a state where the lead is securely fixed to the lead fixing portion 103. For this reason, vibration energy is transmitted to the lead without being substantially attenuated, and the bonded fibers can be relaxed. Thus, it has been necessary to adjust the lead over time, but in order to apply vibration to the lead using the vibration applying device 140, the characteristics of the lead are changed in a short time, and the feeling of wind is moderately lightened. By stabilizing it, there is an effect that music can be expressed more accurately and richly.

  In general, since the piezoelectric body does not have a mechanical drive portion, the failure rate of the drive unit 143 can be reduced. In addition, since it vibrates at a low voltage, there is an effect that the life of the power supply unit 113 can be extended. In addition, since the piezoelectric body has low noise, there is an effect that it is not necessary to worry about the sound generated when vibration is applied to the lead. In addition, the use of a piezoelectric body for the drive unit produces an effect that a smaller vibration applying device can be obtained.

  In addition, the vibration applying device 140 integrally includes a vibration system including the lead fixing unit 103 and the drive unit 143, a power supply unit 113, and a switch 144. Since it is such a structure, there exists an effect that portability improves.

Note that a dry battery used as the power supply unit 113 can be repeatedly charged by using a secondary battery. Further, the vibration applying device 140 may have a charging function, so that the power supply unit 113 may be charged while being stored in the main body unit 141.
Further, a dry battery and a secondary battery may be used in combination by providing a power source changeover switch. In this case, by increasing the volume of the main body 141, the number of dry batteries and secondary batteries that can be stored is increased.
Further, power may be supplied from a household outlet using an AC-DC adapter.

  When the vibration applying device according to the first to third embodiments described above is used, the drive unit for applying vibration to the lead fixing unit and the lead fixing unit has a simple configuration, but the double lead is fixed. The vibration can be efficiently applied. When vibration is applied, the binding force between the fibers of the reed that is the material of the double lead is relaxed, and the viscous material attached to the lead is peeled off, so the characteristics of the lead change and the feeling of wind is improved. There is an effect.

  Further, the double lead can be fixed to the lead fixing portion matched with the shape of the double lead without a structural burden. For this reason, the vibration energy of a drive part can be efficiently transmitted to a double lead. For this reason, even if the time for applying vibration to the double lead is short, there is an effect that the characteristic change of the double lead can be obtained.

  In addition, the material of the lead fixing part is molded using various materials such as wood such as black altar, synthetic resin such as vinyl chloride, polypropylene and plastic, chemical fiber such as metal and fiber reinforced plastic, fiber resin and carbon resin. You may make it do.

  In addition, the shape of the lead fixing portion may be formed by selecting or combining any one of a boat shape, a half boat shape, a polygonal shape, an elliptical shape, a sector shape, and the like according to the shape of the lead. Further, the lead fixing portion may have a shape in which a flat plate or a peripheral edge is thinned. By forming the lead fixing portion in this way, the lead fixing portion can be appropriately selected and replaced in accordance with the surface to which vibration of each lead is desired to be applied.

Moreover, you may make it provide the timer which controls the vibration time of a drive part. For example, the timer can be controlled to automatically switch off when vibration is applied to the lead for 3 minutes. In this case, since vibration is always applied to the lead for a fixed time, excessive vibration is not applied to the lead.
Further, a timer may be used when controlling the driving frequency of the driving unit. In this case, for example, the drive frequency may be switched in order of low, high, and low every minute.

  Moreover, it may be configured not only as a single vibration applying device but also in combination with accessories such as a tuner and an electronic metronome used for adjusting the pitch of the musical instrument. In this case, it may be housed in a single housing or only the vibration applying device may be removed. In this way, by combining with a plurality of accessories, there is an effect that portability is improved.

  In the vibration applying apparatus according to the first to third embodiments described above, the oboe double lead is used as the lead for applying vibration, but vibration is applied to the other leads. It is possible to change the characteristics of the lead.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the shape of the lead fixing portion for the clarinet single lead 121 and the bassoon double lead 131 and an example of attachment to the lead fixing portion.
FIG. 11A is a diagram of the single lead 121 viewed from the front and side.
FIG. 11B is a front view of the lead fixing portion 122 used for fixing the single lead. The shape of the lead fixing portion 122 is substantially rectangular. The lead fixing portion 122 includes a lead support portion 123 formed of an elastic resin or the like.
FIG. 11C is a diagram showing a state in which the single lead 121 is fixed to the lead fixing portion 122. The single lead 121 is fixed by a lead support portion 123 that fixes the mouthpiece contact surface or the lower lip contact surface to the lead fixing portion. For this reason, the single lead 121 does not fall off from the lead fixing portion 122 during the vibration application.

FIG. 11D is a front view and a side view of the double lead (for bassoon) 131.
FIG. 11E is a front view of the lead fixing portion 132 used for fixing the double lead for bassoon. The shape of the lead fixing portion 132 is substantially a sector shape.
FIG. 11 (f) is a diagram showing a state where the double lead 131 is fixed to the lead fixing portion 132.

  The material of the lead fixing part 132 for fixing the double lead 131 for bassoon is vinyl chloride. The material of the lead fixing portion 122 that fixes the clarinet single lead 121 is polypropylene.

  In addition, a connector portion that can replace the lead fixing portion provided in the vibration applying device according to the first and second embodiments described above with the lead fixing portions 122 and 132 as shown in FIG. 11 is attached. It may be. In this way, by replacing only the lead fixing portion, the lead can be fixed to the lead fixing portion having an optimum shape for each type of lead, and vibration can be applied.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the first to third embodiments described above, and departs from the gist of the present invention described in the claims. It goes without saying that other modifications and applications are included as long as they are not.

It is the perspective view which showed the structural example of the vibration provision apparatus in the 1st Example of this invention. It is the perspective view which showed the structural example at the time of removing the upper case, a drive part, and a bottom face part among the vibration provision apparatuses in the 1st Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which showed the example of the water absorption growth of a plant cell. It is explanatory drawing which showed the example of the regulation mechanism in the water absorption growth of a plant cell. It is explanatory drawing which showed the example of the structural model of the cell wall of a plant cell. It is explanatory drawing which showed the example of the plant cell which comprises the stem of the rice which carries out water absorption growth. It is explanatory drawing which showed the example of single read. It is the perspective view which showed the structural example of the vibration provision apparatus in the 2nd Example of this invention. It is the perspective view which showed the example of the state which attached the double lead and the lead protection cover to the vibration provision apparatus in the 2nd Example of this invention. It is the perspective view which showed the structural example of the vibration provision apparatus in the 3rd Example of this invention. In the vibration imparting apparatus in the other embodiment of this invention, it is explanatory drawing which showed the shape of the lead fixing | fixed part with respect to the single lead for clarinets, and the double lead for bassoons, and the example of attachment to a lead fixing | fixed part.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Vibration imparting apparatus, 2 ... Through-hole, 3 ... Buffer part, 4a ... Upper case, 4b ... Bottom part, 5 ... Double lead, 5a ... Kane, 5b ... Tube, 6 ... Leg part, 7 ... Switch, 9 ... Supporting part, 10 ... lead fixing part, 11 ... driving part, 12 ... eccentric weight, 15 ... surface fastener, 16 ... fastener, 17 ... fixing part, 18 ... lead wire, 19 ... terminal, 21 ... AC-DC adapter, 22 ... voltage changeover switch, 30 ... plant cell, 31 ... vacuole, 32 ... nucleus, 33 ... cell wall, 34 ... water, 35 ... wall pressure, 36 ... inflation pressure, 41 ... cellulose fiber, 42 ... matrix, 100, 140 ... Vibration imparting device

Claims (9)

A lead fixing part for fixing the lead;
And a drive unit that applies vibration to the lead fixing part. The vibration imparting device according to claim 1,
The vibration applying device, wherein the driving unit is a piezoelectric body. The vibration imparting device according to claim 2,
In the case of a double lead having two canes facing each other , the lead is fixed by inserting the lead fixing portion inside the two canes. The vibration imparting device according to claim 2,
When the lead is a single lead having a single cane , the lead fixing portion includes a fixing portion that fixes the mouthpiece contact surface of the cane or the player's lower lip contact surface to the lead fixing portion. A vibration imparting device. In the vibration imparting device according to claim 3 or 4 ,
A vibration imparting device comprising a timer for controlling the drive time of the drive unit. The vibration imparting device according to any one of claims 3 to 5,
The shape of the lead fixing portion, boat, half boat, polygonal, of elliptical or sector, formed by combining either one of the selected shape or geometry, in accordance with the shape of the lead, the vibration imparting device, characterized in that the lead fixing portion is formed with a different shape or material. The vibration imparting device according to claim 5 or 6,
A vibration applying apparatus comprising: a control unit that controls increase / decrease in driving frequency of the driving unit. The vibration imparting device according to claim 1 ,
The driving unit includes a rotating shaft that rotates at a predetermined cycle ;
Vibration imparting device, characterized in that it comprises an eccentric weight mounted on the rotary shaft. Fix the lead to the lead fixing part,
A vibration applying method comprising applying vibration to the lead fixing portion.

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