JP4596695B2

JP4596695B2 - Storage battery capacity calculation using photovoltaic power generation calculation and its operation method

Info

Publication number: JP4596695B2
Application number: JP2001214762A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 淳伊賀; 大志郎和田
Original assignee: 淳伊賀
Priority date: 2001-07-16
Filing date: 2001-07-16
Publication date: 2010-12-08
Anticipated expiration: 2021-07-16
Also published as: JP2003032912A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
太陽電池は太陽の光エネルギーを電気エネルギーに直接変換するものである。すなわち光電効果の一種である光起電力効果を応用しており、太陽電池中に適当なエネルギー（光子）が入射すると自由な電子と正孔が発生し、それぞれ半導体のｎ型p型半導体側に拡散し、両電極部に集まるので電力が取り出せ、電圧および電流が発生するというわけである。本発明はこの太陽電池を使った太陽光発電システムに蓄電池を組合せたシステムに関するものである。電力供給側である電力会社においては、近年夏場の冷房需要の増加などによって電力需要の電力負荷率が低下している（昭和６年59.1％、平成10年58.3％）。負荷率の低下は電力コストを押し上げる要因になっており、電力コストを低減し、低価格の電気料金を達成するため、負荷率改善のため、電力各社では種々の負荷平準化方策に取り組んでいる。たとえば、ほとんどの電力会社では深夜電力料金と昼間電力料金に格差を設けた「時間帯別料金」を設けて電力料金面から負荷平準化をはかっている。また一方、近年一般住宅への太陽光発電の普及が顕著である。さらに、蓄電池性能向上・価格低下により、太陽光発電と蓄電池を組合せたシステムを使って、太陽光発電電力や深夜の安い料金の電力を使い需要家の経済性の向上（メリット）をはかろうとする動きも顕在化してきている。すなわち、住宅において、太陽光発電と蓄電池を、(1)電力負荷平準化 (2)需要家の経済性向上（メリット）を目指して、太陽光発電に最適容量の蓄電池を組合せ、蓄電池充放電運用を工夫することが望まれ、実施されはじめている。本発明はこれら技術分野に属する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年、電力会社などでは、電力用蓄電池を使い、深夜等のオフピーク時間帯の電力で蓄電池を充電し、ピーク時間帯に放電することにより負荷平準化を達成しようという方法が検討されている。この方法は直接的で効果も大きいため電力会社などが中心になって実用化に向けた検討をしている。他方、需要家（電気の使用者）の立場に立って、設置した蓄電池を安い深夜電力で充電した電力により、昼間の高い電力料金の時間帯の需要電力を賄なったり、場合によっては電力会社に売り、需要家の経済性（メリット）を得ようとする考え方も検討されている（ただ現状では、各電力会社の料金制度の中では電力会社にこのような蓄電電力を売る方法は認められていない）。一方、電力負荷のピーク時間帯と太陽光発電電力発生の時間帯の間にはかなり共通な部分がみられるため、太陽光発電システムの普及は電力負荷平準化に寄与しているとされている。太陽光発電と蓄電池を組合せたシステムにおいて、太陽光発電の発生電力をより電力負荷平準化に役立てるために、例えば(1)午前中などのオフピーク時間帯の太陽光発電電力を蓄電池に充電し、電力負荷のピーク時間帯に放電し電力負荷平準化をはかる方法や、(2)太陽光発電電力のピーク時間帯を電力負荷ピーク時間帯と一致するよう、すなわち太陽光発電発生電力を後へ２時間程度シフトするよう蓄電池を充放電して負荷平準化をはかる方法（「２時間程度後へシフト」単に「２時間シフト」という）が既に検討されている。
【０００３】
しかし、太陽光発電と蓄電池の最適な組合せと運用方法を具体的に検討する場合、月ごと時刻別の発電量を正確かつ汎用的に計算する技術が必須であるが、従来の技術では十分とはいえない。そして、太陽光発電設備と蓄電池容量を組合せる場合、どのようにして蓄電池容量を決定し、運用すれば最も負荷平準化や需要家のメリットに結びつくかがわからなかった。また、太陽光発電量は、月、日により大きい差があり、太陽光発電量が多い日の時刻別発電量を正確かつ汎用的に予測計算する技術がなかった。さらに、太陽電池と蓄電池を組合せたシステムを有効に働かせるには、前日の深夜充電量を最適な値にするため、天気予報等による発電量予測の技術が必要である。この技術についても十分といえない。すなわち翌日の時刻別太陽光発電量を予測し、適用する蓄電池容量いっぱいまで蓄電池を有効に活用する技術がなかった。
ここで、「午前中」と「オフピーク時間帯」という言葉の使い分けについて述べる。１日のうち日射がピークとなるのは正午であるが、外気温、需要電力量がピークとなるのは１４時頃である。そのため、本発明では１３時ごろを境に蓄電池の充電と放電が区分されることが多い。そこで、日出〜１２時は一般には午前中であるため特にことわらないかぎり、「午前中」と表現する。また、日出〜１３時頃については「午前中（日出〜１３時）」とするが、明確に区分する必要がある場合は「オフピーク時間帯」、「オフピーク時間帯（日出〜１３時など）」という言葉を使うこととする。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記の従来技術のもとで、本発明が解決しようとする課題について具体的に述べる。
(1) 電力負荷平準化に重点を置いたシステムの蓄電池容量決定
前記のとおり太陽光発電電力は電力負荷平準化に寄与すると言われている。そしてその効果をさらに効果的なものとするために、電力需要のオフピーク時間帯の太陽光発電電力を蓄電池に充電し、電力需要のピーク時間帯に放電することにより電力負荷平準化をはかろうとするものである。蓄電池の充放電の方法・方式としては次の方法がある。なお下記方法・方式には発明者の発明に関わる事項が含まれている。
ａ．「午前中（日出〜１３時）充電・ピーク時放電」システム
午前中（日出〜１３時）の太陽光発電電力を蓄電し、午後のピーク時間帯に放電して負荷平準化をはかる。
ｂ．「太陽光発電電力を（２時間）後へシフト」システム
太陽光発電電力の蓄電池への充放電により、１日の太陽光発電電力の曲線を後へシフトし、負荷曲線（カーブ）に近づけて負荷平準化をはかる。
ｃ．「朝方充電・ピーク時放電」システム
朝方のオフピーク時間帯の太陽光発電電力を蓄電池に充電し、午後のピーク時間帯に放電し負荷平準化をはかる。ａよりさらに効果的な負荷平準化がはかられることも考えられる。
ｄ．「深夜充電・朝ピーク時放電＋午前中（日出〜１３時）充電・ピーク時放電」システム
深夜に蓄電池に充電した電力を朝方に放電し、その後、午前中（日出〜１３時）充電した電力を午後のピーク時間帯に放電し、負荷平準化とともに需要家の経済性向上をはかる。
ｅ．「太陽光発電余剰電力による負荷平準化」システム
太陽光発電電力からその住宅で使用する電力を除いた電力について、「午前中（日出〜１３時）充電・ピーク時放電」などを実施して負荷平準化をはかる。太陽光発電電力を直接需要電力として利用することにより、蓄電池の充放電損失をより少なくする。
本特許出願の請求項では、これらの方法のうち、ａ、ｂ、ｅのシステムの最適な蓄電池容量の算出方法と運用方法、および需要家の経済性の大きいシステム（太陽光発電優先、蓄電池優先・・・下記（３）参照）の蓄電池容量算出方法と運用方法に関して述べる。
これらのいずれのシステムでも前述のとおり、月ごと時刻別の発電量を正確に計算する技術がベースになっており、そのためには次のような技術が必要である。
１．月ごと１日合計日射量から１日の時刻別の日射量（傾斜面日射量）を求める技術
２．水平面日射量から太陽電池受光面日射量を求める技術
３．太陽電池の温度を外気温、太陽電池受光面日射量などから予測する技術
４．時刻別の太陽電池受光面日射量（日射強度）、太陽電池温度、風速および太陽電池特性値からその発電電力を求める技術
これらの技術の課題に加え、本発明が解決しようとする共通の課題は、月ごと時間帯別の平均発電量に相当する蓄電池容量では、天気が良く日射量の多い月、日には蓄電池容量が不足する。そのために蓄電池容量をどのような日に合わせて決めればよいかも課題である。すなわちａ〜ｅの各方式で年間のほとんどの日に対応できる蓄電池容量の決定方法が課題である。
【０００５】
(2) 電力負荷平準化に重点を置いたシステムの蓄電池充放電運用方法（上記ａ〜ｅ）の各システムの蓄電池容量は、天気が良く日射量が多い日にあわせ、年間のほとんどの日に対応できるよう大き目の蓄電池容量に決めている。そのため、必ずしも蓄電池が常にいっぱいの量まで活用されていないという課題がある。この課題に対しては前述のように翌日の太陽光発電電力量を予測する技術が必要である。
【０００６】
(3) 需要家のメリットに重点を置いたシステムの蓄電池容量決定・運用方法
需要家の使用電力を太陽光発電電力と深夜電力の蓄電池充電の放電電力をどのように組合せて賄えば需要家メリットが大きいシステムとなり、どう運用するかが課題である。例えば需要家の使用電力のうち太陽光発電電力で賄いきれない電力を電気料金の安い深夜電力で蓄電池に充電した電力で賄おうとするものがある。システムとしては考えられるが、各月ごとの時刻別太陽光発電電力量と需要電力量が正確に把握でき難いことから、具体的な適正蓄電池容量の決定方法やその運用方法の検討は実施されていないという課題があった。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１は、
第１−１処理過程では、
該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと１日合計の（水平面）日射量に替え[月平均＋標準偏差（σ）]の日射量が、日出・日入時刻の日射強度を零とする正弦波曲線内の面積と一致する正弦波曲線、およびこの曲線の２倍周期の正弦波曲線を作成し、これらの正弦波曲線を合成した曲線を作成し、この曲線により月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を算出し、
第１−２処理過程では、
第１−１処理過程で算出した月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を、該太陽電池設置地点の月平均直達比率により直達光と散乱光に分離した後、該太陽電池設置地点の緯度・設置方位・設置傾斜角、太陽赤緯を使い受光面の直達光と散乱光の強さを計算し、これらの光を合成して該太陽電池受光面の月ごと時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）を算出し、
第１−３処理過程では、
第１−２処理過程で算出した時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）と、該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと平均最高気温・最低気温から計算した月ごと時刻別外気温と、月ごと平均風速を説明変数として太陽電池温度を被説明変数とする重回帰式から、該太陽電池の月ごと時刻別太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）を算出し、
一方、第１−４処理過程では、
標準太陽電池を基準状態（日射強度１ｋＷ/ｍ^２、太陽電池温度２５℃）に保った時の太陽電池モジュールの特性値（Ｉ_ＳＣ（短絡電流）、Ｉ_ＯＰ（最適電流）、Ｖ_ＯＰ（最適電圧）、Ｖ_ＯＣ（開放電圧）、ＦＦ（＝（Ｉ_ＯＰ・Ｖ_ＯＰ）/（Ｉ_ＳＣ・Ｖ_ＯＣ））（曲線因子）のうち、ＦＦを該設置太陽電池モジュールのＦＦに一致するようＶ（電圧）―Ｉ（電流）値を移動、すなわち最大出力の動作点を移動し、
第１−５処理過程では、
第１−４処理過程で移動した最大出力動作点の移動にともなって（沿って）、標準太陽電池の各動作点（数十組のＶ−Ｉの値）を移動（変換）し、
第１−６処理過程では、
第１−５処理過程で変換した標準太陽電池の各動作点（数十組のＶ−Ｉの値）を該太陽電池モジュールの特性値（Ｉ_ＳＣ、Ｉ_ＯＰ、Ｖ_ＯＰ、Ｖ_ＯＣ）と一致するよう各動作点を再度変換した動作点（数十組のＶ _１ −Ｉ _１の値）を保持し、
第１−７処理過程では、
該設置太陽電池モジュールの特性値（α（短絡電流温度係数）、β（開放電圧温度係数）、Ｒ_Ｓ（直列抵抗）、Ｋ（曲線補正因子））および、第１−２処理過程で算出した日射強度（Ｅ_２）、第１−３処理過程で算出した太陽電池温度（Ｔ _２）を使い、第１−６処理過程で保持している数十組の動作点の電圧−電流値（Ｖ _１ −Ｉ _１）を次式により再び変換し、数十組の電圧−電流値（Ｖ _２ −Ｉ _２）を算出し、保持し、
Ｉ_２＝Ｉ_１＋Ｉ_ＳＣ｛（Ｅ_２/Ｅ_１）−１｝＋α（Ｔ_２−Ｔ_１）
Ｖ_２＝Ｖ_１＋β（Ｔ_２―Ｔ_１）―Ｒ_Ｓ（Ｉ_２―Ｉ_１）―Ｋ・Ｉ_２（Ｔ_２−Ｔ_１）
（但し、Ｅ_１，Ｔ_１は基準状態の日射強度（1ｋＷ/ｍ^２）、太陽電池温度（２５℃））
第１−８処理過程では、
第１−７処理過程で保持している該太陽電池モジュール単位での各値を該太陽電池設備容量での各値に換算し、保持し、
第２処理過程では、
第１−８処理過程で保持している数十組のＶ−Ｉの値から電力（Ｖ＊Ｉ）の最大値を算出し、この値を該太陽電池設備の時刻別太陽電池発電量として月ごとに保持し、
第３処理過程では、
第２処理過程で保持した月ごと時刻別発電量をオフピーク時間帯（日出〜13時など）について積算し、該太陽電池設備の月ごとオフピーク時間帯の１日当りの電力量として保持し、
第４処理過程では、
第３処理過程で保持している月ごとの電力量を蓄電池に蓄える場合、蓄電池の直流充放電効率・放電深度を考慮した必要な蓄電池容量を算出し、最大月の蓄電池容量を該太陽電池設備に必要な蓄電池容量とする蓄電池容量の算出方法であることに特徴がある
【０００８】
請求項２は、
第１−１処理過程では、
該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと１日合計の（水平面）日射量に替え[月平均＋標準偏差（σ）]の日射量が、日出・日入時刻の日射強度を零とする正弦波曲線内の面積と一致する正弦波曲線、およびこの曲線の２倍周期の正弦波曲線を作成し、これらの正弦波曲線を合成した曲線を作成し、この曲線により月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を算出し、
第１−２処理過程では、
第１−１処理過程で算出した月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を、該太陽電池設置地点の月平均直達比率により直達光と散乱光に分離した後、該太陽電池設置地点の緯度・設置方位・設置傾斜角、太陽赤緯を使い受光面の直達光と散乱光の強さを計算し、これらの光を合成して該太陽電池受光面の月ごと時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）を算出し、
第１−３処理過程では、
第１−２処理過程で算出した時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）と、該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと平均最高気温・最低気温から計算した月ごと時刻別外気温と、月ごと平均風速を説明変数として太陽電池温度を被説明変数とする重回帰式から、該太陽電池の月ごと時刻別太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）を算出し、
一方、第１−４処理過程では、
次の太陽電池基本特性式
Ｉ＝Ｉ_Ｌ−Ｉ_０｛exp（q（Ｖ＋Ｒ_ＳＩ）/nＫ₀Ｔ）−１｝−（Ｖ＋Ｒ_ＳＩ）/Ｒ_Ｓｈ
Ｉ_０＝Ｃ_０Ｔ^３exp（−qＥ_g/nＫ_０Ｔ）
（q；電子の電荷量、Ｋ_０；ボルツマン定数、n；接合定数；Ｃ_０；飽和電流温度係数、
Ｉ_Ｌ；光起電流、Ｅ_g；エネルギーギャップ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ；並列抵抗）
を使い、短絡電流、開放電圧、最適電圧・電流の各値および最適電圧・電流の点が最大電力であることの４条件に、該設置太陽電池の基準温度（２５℃）におけるＲ_Ｓ（直列抵抗）と、基準状態におけるＶ_ＯＰ（最適電圧）、Ｉ_ＯＰ（最適電流）、Ｉ_ＳＣ（短絡電流）、Ｖ_ＯＣ（開放電圧）の各値を適用し、ｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を未知数とする4個の非線形連立方程式をたて、
第１−５処理過程では、
この４個の非線形連立方程式を解くことにより、基準状態におけるｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を求めｎ’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’、Ｉ_Ｌ’、Ｃ_０’とし、
第１−６処理過程では、
動作温度（例えば５５℃）におけるＲ_Ｓ、Ｖ_ＯＰ、Ｉ_ＯＰ、Ｉ_ＳＣ、Ｖ_ＯＣを使い、第１−４処理過程と同様の手順でｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を求め、ｎ’’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’’、Ｉ_Ｌ’’、Ｃ_０’’とし、
第１−７処理過程では、
第１−３処理過程の太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）におけるｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を、第１−５処理過程で求めた２５℃のｎ’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’、Ｉ_Ｌ’、Ｃ_０’と第１−６処理過程で求めた動作温度のｎ’’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’’、Ｉ_Ｌ’’、Ｃ_０’’から温度補間により求め、またＲ_Ｓについても２５℃の値を太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）の値に補正し、
第１−８処理過程では、
第１−７処理過程で求めたｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｃ_０、Ｒ_Ｓと日射強度（Ｅ_２）により補正したＩ_Ｌおよび基本定数q、Ｋ_０、Ｅ_gを、第１−４処理過程で使用した太陽電池基本式に再び適用し、Ｖ（電圧）に対するＩ（電流）の数十組の値（Ｖ _２ −Ｉ _２）を算出し、保持し、
第１−９処理過程では、
第１−８処理過程で保持している該太陽電池モジュール単位の各値を該太陽電池設備容量の各値に換算し、保持し、
第２処理過程では、
第１−９処理過程で保持している該太陽電池設備容量の数十組のＶ−Ｉの値から電力（Ｖ＊Ｉ）の最大値を算出し、この値を該太陽電池設備の時刻別太陽電池発電量として月ごとに保持し、
第３処理過程では、
第２処理過程で保持した月ごと時刻別発電量をオフピーク時間帯（日出〜13時など）について積算し、該太陽電池設備の月ごとオフピーク時間帯の１日当りの電力量として保持し、
第４処理過程では、
第３処理過程で保持している電力量を蓄電池に蓄える場合、蓄電池の直流充放電効率・放電深度を考慮して必要な蓄電池容量を算出し、最大月の蓄電池容量を該太陽電池設備に必要な蓄電池容量とする蓄電池容量の算出方法であることに特徴がある
【０００９】
請求項３は、
第１−１処理過程では、
該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと１日合計の（水平面）日射量に替え[月平均＋標準偏差（σ）]の日射量が、日出・日入時刻の日射強度を零とする正弦波曲線内の面積と一致する正弦波曲線、およびこの曲線の２倍周期の正弦波曲線を作成し、これらの正弦波曲線を合成した曲線を作成し、この曲線により月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を算出し、
第１−２処理過程では、
第１−１処理過程で算出した月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を、該太陽電池設置地点の月平均直達比率により直達光と散乱光に分離した後、該太陽電池設置地点の緯度・設置方位・設置傾斜角、太陽赤緯を使い受光面の直達光と散乱光の強さを計算し、これらの光を合成して該太陽電池受光面の月ごと時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）を算出し、
第１−３処理過程では、
第１−２処理過程で算出した時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）と、該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと平均最高気温・最低気温から計算した月ごと時刻別外気温と、月ごと平均風速を説明変数として太陽電池温度を被説明変数とする重回帰式から、該太陽電池の月ごと時刻別太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）を算出し、
一方、第１−４処理過程では、
標準太陽電池を基準状態（日射強度１ｋＷ/ｍ^２、太陽電池温度２５℃）に保った時の太陽電池モジュールの特性値（Ｉ_ＳＣ（短絡電流）、Ｉ_ＯＰ（最適電流）、Ｖ_ＯＰ（最適電圧）、Ｖ_ＯＣ（開放電圧）、ＦＦ（＝（Ｉ_ＯＰ・Ｖ_ＯＰ）/（Ｉ_ＳＣ・Ｖ_ＯＣ））（曲線因子）のうち、ＦＦを該設置太陽電池モジュールのＦＦに一致するようＶ（電圧）―Ｉ（電流）値を移動、すなわち最大出力の動作点を移動し、
第１−５処理過程では、
第１−４処理過程で移動した最大出力動作点の移動にともなって（沿って）、標準太陽電池の各動作点（数十組のＶ−Ｉの値）を移動（変換）し、
第１−６処理過程では、
第１−５処理過程で変換した標準太陽電池の各動作点（数十組のＶ−Ｉの値）を該太陽電池モジュールの特性値（Ｉ_ＳＣ、Ｉ_ＯＰ、Ｖ_ＯＰ、Ｖ_ＯＣ）と一致するよう各動作点を再度変換した動作点（数十組のＶ _１ −Ｉ _１の値）を保持し、
第１−７処理過程では、
該設置太陽電池モジュールの特性値（α（短絡電流温度係数）、β（開放電圧温度係数）、Ｒ_Ｓ（直列抵抗）、Ｋ（曲線補正因子））および、第１−２処理過程で算出した日射強度（Ｅ_２）、第１−３処理過程で算出した太陽電池温度（Ｔ _２）を使い、第１−６処理過程で保持している数十組の動作点の電圧−電流値（Ｖ _１ −Ｉ _１）を次式により再び変換し、数十組の電圧−電流値（Ｖ _２ −Ｉ _２）を算出し、保持し、
Ｉ_２＝Ｉ_１＋Ｉ_ＳＣ｛（Ｅ_２/Ｅ_１）−１｝＋α（Ｔ_２−Ｔ_１）
Ｖ_２＝Ｖ_１＋β（Ｔ_２―Ｔ_１）―Ｒ_Ｓ（Ｉ_２―Ｉ_１）―Ｋ・Ｉ_２（Ｔ_２−Ｔ_１）
（但し、Ｅ_１，Ｔ_１は基準状態の日射強度（1ｋＷ/ｍ^２）、太陽電池温度（２５℃））
第１−８処理過程では、
第１−７処理過程で保持している該太陽電池モジュール単位での各値を該太陽電池設備容量での各値に換算し、保持し、
第２処理過程では、
第１−８処理過程で保持している数十組のＶ−Ｉの値から電力（Ｖ＊Ｉ）の最大値を算出し、この値を該太陽電池設備の時刻別太陽電池発電量として月ごとに保持し、
第３処理過程では、
第２処理過程で保持した月ごと時刻別発電量からそれぞれの時間の消費（需要）電力量を減じた電力量をオフピーク時間帯（日出〜13時など）について積算し、月ごとオフピーク時間帯の該太陽電池設備の電力量として保持し、
第４処理過程では、
第３処理過程で保持している電力量を蓄電池に蓄える場合、蓄電池の直流充放電効率・放電深度を考慮して必要な蓄電池容量を算出し、最大月の蓄電池容量を該太陽電池設備に必要な蓄電池容量とする蓄電池容量の算出方法であることに特徴がある
【００１０】
請求項４は、
第１−１処理過程では、
該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと１日合計の（水平面）日射量に替え[月平均＋標準偏差（σ）]の日射量が、日出・日入時刻の日射強度を零とする正弦波曲線内の面積と一致する正弦波曲線、およびこの曲線の２倍周期の正弦波曲線を作成し、これらの正弦波曲線を合成した曲線を作成し、この曲線により月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を算出し、
第１−２処理過程では、
第１−１処理過程で算出した月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を、該太陽電池設置地点の月平均直達比率により直達光と散乱光に分離した後、該太陽電池設置地点の緯度・設置方位・設置傾斜角、太陽赤緯を使い受光面の直達光と散乱光の強さを計算し、これらの光を合成して該太陽電池受光面の月ごと時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）を算出し、
第１−３処理過程では、
第１−２処理過程で算出した時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）と、該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと平均最高気温・最低気温から計算した月ごと時刻別外気温と、月ごと平均風速を説明変数として太陽電池温度を被説明変数とする重回帰式から、該太陽電池の月ごと時刻別太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）を算出し、
一方、第１−４処理過程では、
次の太陽電池基本特性式
Ｉ＝Ｉ_Ｌ−Ｉ_０｛exp（q（Ｖ＋Ｒ_ＳＩ）/nＫ₀Ｔ）−１｝−（Ｖ＋Ｒ_ＳＩ）/Ｒ_Ｓｈ
Ｉ_０＝Ｃ_０Ｔ^３exp（−qＥ_g/nＫ_０Ｔ）
（q；電子の電荷量、Ｋ_０；ボルツマン定数、n；接合定数；Ｃ_０；飽和電流温度係数、
Ｉ_Ｌ；光起電流、Ｅ_g；エネルギーギャップ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ；並列抵抗）
を使い、短絡電流、開放電圧、最適電圧・電流の各値および最適電圧・電流の点が最大電力であることの４条件に、該設置太陽電池の基準温度（２５℃）におけるＲ_Ｓ（直列抵抗）と、基準状態におけるＶ_ＯＰ（最適電圧）、Ｉ_ＯＰ（最適電流）、Ｉ_ＳＣ（短絡電流）、Ｖ_ＯＣ（開放電圧）の各値を適用し、ｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を未知数とする4個の非線形連立方程式をたて、
第１−５処理過程では、
この４個の非線形連立方程式を解くことにより、基準状態におけるｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を求めｎ’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’、Ｉ_Ｌ’、Ｃ_０’とし、
第１−６処理過程では、
動作温度（例えば５５℃）におけるＲ_Ｓ、Ｖ_ＯＰ、Ｉ_ＯＰ、Ｉ_ＳＣ、Ｖ_ＯＣを使い、第１−４処理過程と同様の手順でｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を求め、ｎ’’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’’、Ｉ_Ｌ’’、Ｃ_０’’とし、
第１−７処理過程では、
第１−３処理過程の太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）におけるｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を、第１−５処理過程で求めた２５℃のｎ’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’、Ｉ_Ｌ’、Ｃ_０’と第１−６処理過程で求めた動作温度のｎ’’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’’、Ｉ_Ｌ’’、Ｃ_０’’から温度補間により求め、またＲ_Ｓについても２５℃の値を太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）の値に補正し、
第１−８処理過程では、
第１−７処理過程で求めたｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｃ_０、Ｒ_Ｓと日射強度（Ｅ_２）により補正したＩ_Ｌおよび基本定数q、Ｋ_０、Ｅ_gを、第１−４処理過程で使用した太陽電池基本式に再び適用し、Ｖ（電圧）に対するＩ（電流）の数十組の値（Ｖ _２ −Ｉ _２）を算出し、保持し、
第１−９処理過程では、
第１−８処理過程で保持している該太陽電池モジュール単位の各値を該太陽電池設備容量の各値に換算し、保持し、
第２処理過程では、
第１−９処理過程で保持している該太陽電池設備容量の数十組のＶ−Ｉの値から電力（Ｖ＊Ｉ）の最大値を算出し、この値を該太陽電池設備の時刻別太陽電池発電量として月ごとに保持し、
第３処理過程では、
第２処理過程で保持した月ごと時刻別発電量からそれぞれの時間の消費（需要）電力量を減じた電力量をオフピーク時間帯（日出〜13時など）について積算し、月ごとオフピーク時間帯の該太陽電池設備の電力量として保持し、
第４処理過程では、
第３処理過程で保持している電力量を蓄電池に蓄える場合、蓄電池の直流充放電効率・放電深度を考慮して必要な蓄電池容量を算出し、最大月の蓄電池容量を該太陽電池設備に必要な蓄電池容量とする蓄電池容量の算出方法であることに特徴がある
【００１１】
請求項５は、
第１−１処理過程では、
該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと１日合計の（水平面）日射量に替え[月平均＋標準偏差（σ）]の日射量が、日出・日入時刻の日射強度を零とする正弦波曲線内の面積と一致する正弦波曲線、およびこの曲線の２倍周期の正弦波曲線を作成し、これらの正弦波曲線を合成した曲線を作成し、この曲線により月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を算出し、
第１−２処理過程では、
第１−１処理過程で算出した月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を、該太陽電池設置地点の月平均直達比率により直達光と散乱光に分離した後、該太陽電池設置地点の緯度・設置方位・設置傾斜角、太陽赤緯を使い受光面の直達光と散乱光の強さを計算し、これらの光を合成して該太陽電池受光面の月ごと時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）を算出し、
第１−３処理過程では、
第１−２処理過程で算出した時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）と、該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと平均最高気温・最低気温から計算した月ごと時刻別外気温と、月ごと平均風速を説明変数として太陽電池温度を被説明変数とする重回帰式から、該太陽電池の月ごと時刻別太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）を算出し、
一方、第１−４処理過程では、
標準太陽電池を基準状態（日射強度１ｋＷ/ｍ^２、太陽電池温度２５℃）に保った時の太陽電池モジュールの特性値（Ｉ_ＳＣ（短絡電流）、Ｉ_ＯＰ（最適電流）、Ｖ_ＯＰ（最適電圧）、Ｖ_ＯＣ（開放電圧）、ＦＦ（＝（Ｉ_ＯＰ・Ｖ_ＯＰ）/（Ｉ_ＳＣ・Ｖ_ＯＣ））（曲線因子）のうち、ＦＦを該設置太陽電池モジュールのＦＦに一致するようＶ（電圧）―Ｉ（電流）値を移動、すなわち最大出力の動作点を移動し、
第１−５処理過程では、
第１−４処理過程で移動した最大出力動作点の移動にともなって（沿って）、標準太陽電池の各動作点（数十組のＶ−Ｉの値）を移動（変換）し、
第１−６処理過程では、
第１−５処理過程で変換した標準太陽電池の各動作点（数十組のＶ−Ｉの値）を該太陽電池モジュールの特性値（Ｉ_ＳＣ、Ｉ_ＯＰ、Ｖ_ＯＰ、Ｖ_ＯＣ）と一致するよう各動作点を再度変換した動作点（数十組のＶ _１ −Ｉ _１の値）を保持し、
第１−７処理過程では、
該設置太陽電池モジュールの特性値（α（短絡電流温度係数）、β（開放電圧温度係数）、Ｒ_Ｓ（直列抵抗）、Ｋ（曲線補正因子））および、第１−２処理過程で算出した日射強度（Ｅ_２）、第１−３処理過程で算出した太陽電池温度（Ｔ _２）を使い、第１−６処理過程で保持している数十組の動作点の電圧−電流値（Ｖ _１ −Ｉ _１）を次式により再び変換し、数十組の電圧−電流値（Ｖ _２ −Ｉ _２）を算出し、保持し、
Ｉ_２＝Ｉ_１＋Ｉ_ＳＣ｛（Ｅ_２/Ｅ_１）−１｝＋α（Ｔ_２−Ｔ_１）
Ｖ_２＝Ｖ_１＋β（Ｔ_２―Ｔ_１）―Ｒ_Ｓ（Ｉ_２―Ｉ_１）―Ｋ・Ｉ_２（Ｔ_２−Ｔ_１）
（但し、Ｅ_１，Ｔ_１は基準状態の日射強度（1ｋＷ/ｍ^２）、太陽電池温度（２５℃））
第１−８処理過程では、
第１−７処理過程で保持している該太陽電池モジュール単位での各値を該太陽電池設備容量での各値に換算し、保持し、
第２処理過程では、
第１−８処理過程で保持している数十組のＶ−Ｉの値から電力（Ｖ＊Ｉ）の最大値を算出し、この値を該太陽電池設備の時刻別太陽電池発電量として月ごとに保持し、
第３処理過程では、
第２処理過程で保持した月ごと時刻別発電量を一定時間（1〜２時間）後ろの時間帯へシフトするのに必要な電力量を算出し、保持し、
第４処理過程では、
第３処理過程で保持している電力量を蓄電池に蓄える場合、蓄電池の直流充放電効率・放電深度を考慮して必要な蓄電池容量を算出し、最大月の蓄電池容量を該太陽電池設備に必要な蓄電池容量とする蓄電池容量の算出方法であることに特徴がある
【００１２】
請求項６は、
第１−１処理過程では、
該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと１日合計の（水平面）日射量に替え[月平均＋標準偏差（σ）]の日射量が、日出・日入時刻の日射強度を零とする正弦波曲線内の面積と一致する正弦波曲線、およびこの曲線の２倍周期の正弦波曲線を作成し、これらの正弦波曲線を合成した曲線を作成し、この曲線により月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を算出し、
第１−２処理過程では、
第１−１処理過程で算出した月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を、該太陽電池設置地点の月平均直達比率により直達光と散乱光に分離した後、該太陽電池設置地点の緯度・設置方位・設置傾斜角、太陽赤緯を使い受光面の直達光と散乱光の強さを計算し、これらの光を合成して該太陽電池受光面の月ごと時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）を算出し、
第１−３処理過程では、
第１−２処理過程で算出した時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）と、該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと平均最高気温・最低気温から計算した月ごと時刻別外気温と、月ごと平均風速を説明変数として太陽電池温度を被説明変数とする重回帰式から、該太陽電池の月ごと時刻別太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）を算出し、
一方、第１−４処理過程では、
次の太陽電池基本特性式
Ｉ＝Ｉ_Ｌ−Ｉ_０｛exp（q（Ｖ＋Ｒ_ＳＩ）/nＫ₀Ｔ）−１｝−（Ｖ＋Ｒ_ＳＩ）/Ｒ_Ｓｈ
Ｉ_０＝Ｃ_０Ｔ^３exp（−qＥ_g/nＫ_０Ｔ）
（q；電子の電荷量、Ｋ_０；ボルツマン定数、n；接合定数；Ｃ_０；飽和電流温度係数、
Ｉ_Ｌ；光起電流、Ｅ_g；エネルギーギャップ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ；並列抵抗）
を使い、短絡電流、開放電圧、最適電圧・電流の各値および最適電圧・電流の点が最大電力であることの４条件に、該設置太陽電池の基準温度（２５℃）におけるＲ_Ｓ（直列抵抗）と、基準状態におけるＶ_ＯＰ（最適電圧）、Ｉ_ＯＰ（最適電流）、Ｉ_ＳＣ（短絡電流）、Ｖ_ＯＣ（開放電圧）の各値を適用し、ｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を未知数とする4個の非線形連立方程式をたて、
第１−５処理過程では、
この４個の非線形連立方程式を解くことにより、基準状態におけるｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を求めｎ’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’、Ｉ_Ｌ’、Ｃ_０’とし、
第１−６処理過程では、
動作温度（例えば５５℃）におけるＲ_Ｓ、Ｖ_ＯＰ、Ｉ_ＯＰ、Ｉ_ＳＣ、Ｖ_ＯＣを使い、第１−４処理過程と同様の手順でｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を求め、ｎ’’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’’、Ｉ_Ｌ’’、Ｃ_０’’とし、
第１−７処理過程では、
第１−３処理過程の太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）におけるｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を、第１−５処理過程で求めた２５℃のｎ’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’、Ｉ_Ｌ’、Ｃ_０’と第１−６処理過程で求めた動作温度のｎ’’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’’、Ｉ_Ｌ’’、Ｃ_０’’から温度補間により求め、またＲ_Ｓについても２５℃の値を太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）の値に補正し、
第１−８処理過程では、
第１−７処理過程で求めたｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｃ_０、Ｒ_Ｓと日射強度（Ｅ_２）により補正したＩ_Ｌおよび基本定数q、Ｋ_０、Ｅ_gを、第１−４処理過程で使用した太陽電池基本式に再び適用し、Ｖ（電圧）に対するＩ（電流）の数十組の値（Ｖ _２ −Ｉ _２）を算出し、保持し、
第１−９処理過程では、
第１−８処理過程で保持している該太陽電池モジュール単位の各値を該太陽電池設備容量の各値に換算し、保持し、
第２処理過程では、
第１−９処理過程で保持している該太陽電池設備容量の数十組のＶ−Ｉの値から電力（Ｖ＊Ｉ）の最大値を算出し、この値を該太陽電池設備の時刻別太陽電池発電量として月ごとに保持し、
第３処理過程では、
第２処理過程で保持した月ごと時刻別発電量を一定時間（1〜２時間）後ろへシフトするのに必要な電力量を算出し、保持し、
第４処理過程では、
第３処理過程で保持している電力量を蓄電池に蓄える場合、蓄電池の直流充放電効率・放電深度を考慮して必要な蓄電池容量を算出し、最大月の蓄電池容量を該太陽電池設備に必要な蓄電池容量とする蓄電池容量の算出方法であることに特徴がある
【００１３】
請求項７は、
第１−１処理過程では、
該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと１日合計の（水平面）日射量に替え[月平均−標準偏差（σ）]の日射量が、日出・日入時刻の日射強度を零とする正弦波曲線内の面積と一致する正弦波曲線、およびこの曲線の２倍周期の正弦波曲線を作成し、これらの正弦波曲線を合成した曲線を作成し、この曲線により月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を算出し、
第１−２処理過程では、
第１−１処理過程で算出した月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を、該太陽電池設置地点の月平均直達比率により直達光と散乱光に分離した後、該太陽電池設置地点の緯度・設置方位・設置傾斜角、太陽赤緯を使い受光面の直達光と散乱光の強さを計算し、これらの光を合成して該太陽電池受光面の月ごと時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）を算出し、
第１−３処理過程では、
第１−２処理過程で算出した時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）と、該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと平均最高気温・最低気温から計算した月ごと時刻別外気温と、月ごと平均風速を説明変数として太陽電池温度を被説明変数とする重回帰式から、該太陽電池の月ごと時刻別太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）を算出し、
一方、第１−４処理過程では、
標準太陽電池を基準状態（日射強度１ｋＷ/ｍ^２、太陽電池温度２５℃）に保った時の太陽電池モジュールの特性値（Ｉ_ＳＣ（短絡電流）、Ｉ_ＯＰ（最適電流）、Ｖ_ＯＰ（最適電圧）、Ｖ_ＯＣ（開放電圧）、ＦＦ（＝（Ｉ_ＯＰ・Ｖ_ＯＰ）/（Ｉ_ＳＣ・Ｖ_ＯＣ））（曲線因子）のうち、ＦＦを該設置太陽電池モジュールのＦＦに一致するようＶ（電圧）―Ｉ（電流）値を移動、すなわち最大出力の動作点を移動し、
第１−５処理過程では、
第１−４処理過程で移動した最大出力動作点の移動にともなって（沿って）、標準太陽電池の各動作点（数十組のＶ−Ｉの値）を移動（変換）し、
第１−６処理過程では、
第１−５処理過程で変換した標準太陽電池の各動作点（数十組のＶ−Ｉの値）を該太陽電池モジュールの特性値（Ｉ_ＳＣ、Ｉ_ＯＰ、Ｖ_ＯＰ、Ｖ_ＯＣ）と一致するよう各動作点を再度変換した動作点（数十組のＶ _１ −Ｉ _１の値）を保持し、
第１−７処理過程では、
該設置太陽電池モジュールの特性値（α（短絡電流温度係数）、β（開放電圧温度係数）、Ｒ_Ｓ（直列抵抗）、Ｋ（曲線補正因子））および、第１−２処理過程で算出した日射強度（Ｅ_２）、第１−３処理過程で算出した太陽電池温度（Ｔ _２）を使い、第１−６処理過程で保持している数十組の動作点の電圧−電流値（Ｖ _１ −Ｉ _１）を次式により再び変換し、数十組の電圧−電流値（Ｖ _２ −Ｉ _２）を算出し、保持し、
Ｉ_２＝Ｉ_１＋Ｉ_ＳＣ｛（Ｅ_２/Ｅ_１）−１｝＋α（Ｔ_２−Ｔ_１）
Ｖ_２＝Ｖ_１＋β（Ｔ_２―Ｔ_１）―Ｒ_Ｓ（Ｉ_２―Ｉ_１）―Ｋ・Ｉ_２（Ｔ_２−Ｔ_１）
（但し、Ｅ_１，Ｔ_１は基準状態の日射強度（1ｋＷ/ｍ^２）、太陽電池温度（２５℃））
第１−８処理過程では、
第１−７処理過程で保持している該太陽電池モジュール単位での各値を該太陽電池設備容量での各値に換算し、保持し、
第２処理過程では、
第１−８処理過程で保持している数十組のＶ−Ｉの値から電力（Ｖ＊Ｉ）の最大値を算出し、この値を該太陽電池設備の時刻別太陽電池発電量として月ごとに保持し、
第３処理過程では、
該太陽電池設置の需要家又は標準的な消費電力の需要家の月ごと時刻別需用電力から、第２処理過程で算出した月ごと時刻別の太陽光発電量を減じ、深夜時間帯（２３時〜7時）以外の時間帯について積算することにより、深夜時間帯以外の需要電力量で太陽光発電電力で賄いきれない１日当りの電力量を算出し、月ごとに保持し、
第４処理過程では、
第３処理過程で保持している電力量を蓄電池に蓄える場合、蓄電池の直流充放電効率・放電深度を考慮して必要な蓄電池容量を算出し、最大月の蓄電池容量を該太陽電池設備に必要な蓄電池容量とする蓄電池容量の算出方法であることに特徴がある
【００１４】
請求項８は、
第１−１処理過程では、
該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと１日合計の（水平面）日射量に替え[月平均−標準偏差（σ）]の日射量が、日出・日入時刻の日射強度を零とする正弦波曲線内の面積と一致する正弦波曲線、およびこの曲線の２倍周期の正弦波曲線を作成し、これらの正弦波曲線を合成した曲線を作成し、この曲線により月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を算出し、
第１−２処理過程では、
第１−１処理過程で算出した月ごと時刻別の水平面日射強度を、該太陽電池設置地点の月平均直達比率により直達光と散乱光に分離した後、該太陽電池設置地点の緯度・設置方位・設置傾斜角、太陽赤緯を使い受光面の直達光と散乱光の強さを計算し、これらの光を合成して該太陽電池受光面の月ごと時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）を算出し、
第１−３処理過程では、
第１−２処理過程で算出した時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）と、該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと平均最高気温・最低気温から計算した月ごと時刻別外気温と、月ごと平均風速を説明変数として太陽電池温度を被説明変数とする重回帰式から、該太陽電池の月ごと時刻別太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）を算出し、
一方、第１−４処理過程では、
次の太陽電池基本特性式
Ｉ＝Ｉ_Ｌ−Ｉ_０｛exp（q（Ｖ＋Ｒ_ＳＩ）/nＫ₀Ｔ）−１｝−（Ｖ＋Ｒ_ＳＩ）/Ｒ_Ｓｈ
Ｉ_０＝Ｃ_０Ｔ^３exp（−qＥ_g/nＫ_０Ｔ）
（q；電子の電荷量、Ｋ_０；ボルツマン定数、n；接合定数；Ｃ_０；飽和電流温度係数、
Ｉ_Ｌ；光起電流、Ｅ_g；エネルギーギャップ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ；並列抵抗）
を使い、短絡電流、開放電圧、最適電圧・電流の各値および最適電圧・電流の点が最大電力であることの４条件に、該設置太陽電池の基準温度（２５℃）におけるＲ_Ｓ（直列抵抗）と、基準状態におけるＶ_ＯＰ（最適電圧）、Ｉ_ＯＰ（最適電流）、Ｉ_ＳＣ（短絡電流）、Ｖ_ＯＣ（開放電圧）の各値を適用し、ｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を未知数とする4個の非線形連立方程式をたて、
第１−５処理過程では、
この４個の非線形連立方程式を解くことにより、基準状態におけるｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を求めｎ’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’、Ｉ_Ｌ’、Ｃ_０’とし、
第１−６処理過程では、
動作温度（例えば５５℃）におけるＲ_Ｓ、Ｖ_ＯＰ、Ｉ_ＯＰ、Ｉ_ＳＣ、Ｖ_ＯＣを使い、第１−４処理過程と同様の手順でｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を求め、ｎ’’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’’、Ｉ_Ｌ’’、Ｃ_０’’とし、
第１−７処理過程では、
第１−３処理過程の太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）におけるｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｉ_Ｌ、Ｃ_０を、第１−５処理過程で求めた２５℃のｎ’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’、Ｉ_Ｌ’、Ｃ_０’と第１−６処理過程で求めた動作温度のｎ’’、Ｒ_Ｓｈ’’、Ｉ_Ｌ’’、Ｃ_０’’から温度補間により求め、またＲ_Ｓについても２５℃の値を太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）の値に補正し、
第１−８処理過程では、
第１−７処理過程で求めたｎ、Ｒ_Ｓｈ、Ｃ_０、Ｒ_Ｓと日射強度（Ｅ_２）により補正したＩ_Ｌおよび基本定数q、Ｋ_０、Ｅ_gを、第１−４処理過程で使用した太陽電池基本式に再び適用し、Ｖ（電圧）に対するＩ（電流）の数十組の値（Ｖ _２ −Ｉ _２）を算出し、保持し、
第１−９処理過程では、
第１−８処理過程で保持している該太陽電池モジュール単位の各値を該太陽電池設備容量の各値に換算し、保持し、
第２処理過程では、
第１−９処理過程で保持している該太陽電池設備容量の数十組のＶ−Ｉの値から電力（Ｖ＊Ｉ）の最大値を算出し、この値を該太陽電池設備の時刻別太陽電池発電量として月ごとに保持し、
第３処理過程では、
該太陽電池設置の需要家又は標準的な消費電力の需要家の月ごと時刻別需用電力から、第２処理過程で算出した月ごと時刻別の太陽光発電量を減じ、深夜時間帯（２３時〜7時）以外の時間帯について積算することにより、深夜時間帯以外の需要電力量で太陽光発電電力で賄いきれない１日当りの電力量を算出し、月ごとに保持し、

第４処理過程では、
第３処理過程で保持している電力量を蓄電池に蓄える場合、蓄電池の直流充放電効率・放電深度を考慮して必要な蓄電池容量を算出し、最大月の蓄電池容量を該太陽電池設備に必要な蓄電池容量とする蓄電池容量の算出方法であることに特徴がある
【００１５】
請求項９は、
太陽光発電設備に請求項３の容量の蓄電池を組合せた設備において、
第１処理過程では、
気象台の発表する時間帯別天気予報（「地域時系列予報」）による予想天気（晴、曇、雨）別、月・時刻別に全天日射量（水平面日射量）の実積値を入手し、月ごとに天気・時刻別の水平面日射量の平均値を算出し、平年値と地点補正を実施し、保持し
第２処理過程では、
第１処理過程で保持した水平面日射量に、あらかじめ算出している該太陽光発電設備の設置地点の月・時刻別の傾斜面日射強度比率（受光面日射強度/水平面日射強度）を乗じて、地点別・月別・時刻別の太陽電池受光面の日射強度を算出し、さらに天気別・地点別・月別・時刻別の太陽電池受光面の日射強度（Ｅ_２）を算出し、保持し、
第３処理過程では、
第２処理過程で算出した時刻別日射強度（Ｅ_２）と、該太陽電池設置地点の月ごと最高気温・最低気温の平均値から計算した月ごと時刻別外気温と、月ごとの平均風速を説明変数とした、太陽電池温度を計算する重回帰式により、月ごと時刻別太陽電池温度を算出し、さらに天気別・地点別・月別・時刻別の太陽電池温度（Ｔ_２）を算出し、保持し、
一方、第４−１処理過程では、
標準太陽電池を基準状態（日射強度１ｋＷ/ｍ^２、太陽電池温度２５℃）に保った時の太陽電池モジュールの特性値（Ｉ_ＳＣ（短絡電流）、Ｉ_ＯＰ（最適電流）、Ｖ_ＯＰ（最適電圧）、Ｖ_ＯＣ（開放電圧）、ＦＦ（＝（Ｉ_ＯＰ・Ｖ_ＯＰ）/（Ｉ_ＳＣ・Ｖ_ＯＣ））（曲線因子）のうち、ＦＦを該設置太陽電池モジュールのＦＦに一致するようＶ（電圧）−Ｉ（電流）値を移動、すなわち最大出力の動作点を移動し、
第４−２処理過程では、
第４−１処理過程で移動した最大出力動作点の移動にともなって（沿って）、標準太陽電池の各動作点（数十組のＶ−Ｉの値）を移動（変換）し、
第４−３処理過程では、
第４−２処理過程で変換した標準太陽電池の各動作点（数十組のＶ−Ｉの値）を該太陽電池モジュールの特性値（Ｉ_ＳＣ、Ｉ_ＯＰ、Ｖ_ＯＰ、Ｖ_ＯＣ）と一致するよう各動作点を再度変換した動作点（数十組のＶ−Ｉの値）を保持し、
第４−４処理過程では、
該設置太陽電池モジュールの特性値（α（短絡電流温度係数）、β（開放電圧温度係数）、Ｒ_Ｓ（直列抵抗）、Ｋ（曲線補正因子））および、第２処理過程で算出した日射強度（Ｅ_２）、第３処理過程で算出した太陽電池温度（Ｔ _２）を使い、第４−３処理過程により、保持している数十組の動作点の電圧−電流値を次式により再び変換し、数十組の電圧−電流値（Ｖ _２ −Ｉ _２）をそれぞれ算出し、時刻別に保持し、
Ｉ_２＝Ｉ_１＋Ｉ_ＳＣ｛（Ｅ_２/Ｅ_１）−１｝＋α（Ｔ_２−Ｔ_１）
Ｖ_２＝Ｖ_１＋β（Ｔ_２―Ｔ_１）―Ｒ_Ｓ（Ｉ_２―Ｉ_１）―Ｋ・Ｉ_２（Ｔ_２−Ｔ_１）
（但し、Ｅ_１，Ｔ_１は基準状態の日射強度（1ｋＷ/ｍ^２）、太陽電池温度（２５℃））
第４−５処理過程では、
第４−４処理過程で保持している時刻別の該太陽電池モジュール単位での各値を該太陽電池設備容量での各値に換算し、保持し、
第４−６処理過程では、
第４−５処理過程で保持している数十組のＶ−Ｉの値から電力（Ｖ＊Ｉ）の最大値を算出し、この値を該太陽電池設備の時刻別太陽電池発電量とし、さらに月ごと時間帯別に保持し、
第５処理過程では
地点別、月ごと時間帯別、天気別の該太陽電池発電量の一覧表を作成し、保持し、
そして、第６処理過程では、
請求項３により算出した容量の蓄電池を使い、気象台の発表する時間帯別天気予報（「地域時系列予報」）による翌日の天気により、第５処理過程であらかじめ作成した予想発電量の一覧表から、翌日午前中の各時間帯別の発電量を算出し、各時間帯の需要電力量を減じ、そして午前中の発電量を積算して算出し、請求項３で算出した蓄電池容量から減じた電力量を前日深夜充電する蓄電池の運用方法に特徴がある
【００１６】
請求項１０は、
請求項７の方法により算出した容量の蓄電池と組合わされた太陽光発電設備を使い、毎日深夜に蓄電池を満充電し、深夜時間帯以外の時間帯（７時〜２３時）の時刻別需要電力を、まず太陽光発電電力により賄い、賄いきれない電力を該蓄電池の放電電力、次に電力会社からの買電電力で補う蓄電池の運用方法であることに特徴がある
【００１７】
請求項１１は、
請求項８の方法により算出した容量の蓄電池と組合わされた太陽光発電設備を使い、毎日深夜に蓄電池を満充電し、深夜時間帯以外の時間帯（７時〜２３時）の時刻別需要電力を、まず太陽光発電電力により賄い、賄いきれない電力を該蓄電池の放電電力、次に電力会社からの買電電力で補う蓄電池の運用方法であることに特徴がある
【００１８】
請求項１２は、
請求項７の方法により算出した容量の蓄電池と組合わされた太陽光発電設備を使い、毎日深夜に蓄電池を満充電し、深夜時間帯以外の時間帯（７時〜２３時）の時刻別需要電力を、まず深夜の安い電気料金により充電した蓄電池電力の放電で賄い、賄いきれない電力を太陽光発電電力、次に電力会社からの買電電力により賄うことにより、より多くの太陽光発電電力を逆潮流（電力会社に売電）することができる、需要家の経済性の向上がはかれる蓄電池の運用方法であることに特徴がある
【００１９】
請求項１３は、
請求項８の方法により算出した容量の蓄電池と組合わされた太陽光発電設備を使い、毎日深夜に蓄電池を満充電し、深夜時間帯以外の時間帯（７時〜２３時）の時刻別需要電力を、まず深夜の安い電気料金により充電した蓄電池電力の放電で賄い、賄いきれない電力を太陽光発電電力、次に電力会社からの買電電力により賄うことにより、より多くの太陽光発電電力を逆潮流（電力会社に売電）することができる、需要家の経済性の向上がはかれる蓄電池の運用方法であることに特徴がある
【００２０】
ここで月ごと時刻別の平均太陽光発電電力を算出する方法のベースとなっている「太陽光発電シミュレーション計算プログラム」について説明をする。
1256516874109_0
は既に開発し、各地の月・年間発電量などの計算に使っている「太陽光発電量シミュレーション計算プログラム」のブロック図である（論文１（伊賀他；「Ｉ−Ｖカーブ作成法を用いた太陽光発電量シミュレーション計算プログラムの開発」、電学論Ｄ、115巻6号、1995））。プログラムは３つのサブプログラム（「受光面日射エネルギー算出サブプログラム」「太陽電池モジュール温度算出サブプログラム」「太陽電池出力算出サブプログラム」）より構成されている。本発明においては、「太陽電池出力算出サブプログラム」における月ごと時刻別（実際には30分ごと・・・以下同様）太陽電池出力値（途中経過データ）などをアウトプットして活用する。またこのプログラムを適宜改善・修正しながら活用している。なお、本「太陽光発電シミュレーション計算プログラム」は全国各地における諸条件による計算が効率的に実施できるよう、プログラムはＥＸＣＥＬのＶＢＡにより実施できるよう機能追加している。
【００２１】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明の実施の形態を図面にもとづき説明する。
図１は本発明の「午前中（日出〜１３時）充電・ピーク時放電システム」（“発明が解決しようとする課題”のａのシステム・・・請求項１，２に相当）の場合における蓄電池容量算出（図１の左部分）および、翌日午前中の太陽電池発電量の予測と深夜蓄電池充電量の算出方法（請求項９に相当）を示すフローチャートである。なお他のシステム（同ｂ〜ｅのシステム）についても月ごと時刻別発電量は同様の方法で算出し使用している。また、図１などにおける午前中充電の時間帯として日出〜13時をとっており（ａのシステム）、太陽光発電出力のシフト時間として２時間をとっている（ｃのシステム）。これらの時間・時間帯はｂ，ｄ，ｅのシステムを含み限定された値ではなく、その状況により時間・時間帯は適宜変化させてもよい。
【００２２】
蓄電池容量の算出では、月ごとの午前中（日出〜１３時）の太陽光発電量についてその月のほとんどの日に対応できるよう月平均１日当りの水平面日射量にその月間標準偏差を加えた日射量[「平均＋標準偏差（σ）」]をベースに（標準偏差の２倍などを適用する場合はさらにほとんどの日が対応できる）、午前中の太陽光発電量を求め、最大月の日の値を蓄電池容量決定に使用している。月ごと時刻別の日射強度は、各地の月平均１日当り日射量および［月ごと１日当り平均日射量＋標準偏差（σ）］（図２参照）から時刻ごと（実際は30分ごと…以下同様）の日射強度を、複合サインカーブ（周期の異なるサインカーブを組合せ実際の日射強度の動きに近づけたカーブ（図５））を使い求めている。そしてそれぞれの時刻の水平面日射強度から太陽電池の受光面の日射強度を求める（図６）。またその時刻の太陽電池温度を日射強度、外気温（月平均最高・最低気温から計算）、風速（固定入力値を含）を使った次の回帰式で求める。
Y ＝ AX1 ＋ BX2 ＋ CX3 ＋ D……………(1)
ここに、Y：太陽電池温度（℃）、X1：日射強度（kW／ｍ^２）、X2：風速（m／s）、X3：外気温度（℃）、Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ：重回帰係数である。
このようにして求めた時刻ごとの受光面日射強度、太陽電池温度と太陽電池特性値（Isc, Iop, Vop, Voc, α, β, Rs, K）を使い「実用的I−Vカーブ作成法」（図７）（論文１参照）で計算する。又は「理論的なI−Vカーブ作成法」（図８）（論文２（伊賀；「太陽電池の光照射状態での電圧−電流特性を用いたI−Vカーブ作成方法とその活用」、電学論116巻10号、1996）参照）でその時刻の太陽電池出力を計算する。この時刻ごとの太陽電池出力を積算して午前中（日出〜13時）の発電量を月ごとに求め、最大月の発電量に対応した電力量を蓄電池容量とする。一方、「太陽光発電電力を（２時間）後へシフト」システムでは図10に示す斜線部分の電力量が蓄電池の充電に必要な電力量で、例えば13時までの発電量から11時までの発電量を減算することにより求められる。なお本来の太陽光発電量シミュレーション計算プログラムはこのようにして求めた月ごと時刻別太陽光発電量を積算して年間発電量を求めている。すなわち本発明では本プログラムの算出過程での値を出力して使用している。（論文１，図４参照）。
【００２３】
ここで蓄電池容量の決定に関しては、使用する日射量はが天気の良い日（日射量の多い日）の太陽光発電量でも対応できる蓄電池容量となるよう、月ごとの日射量は平均値でなく[「平均＋標準偏差（σ）」]の日射量を使い算出している（図２、図３参照）。
図１の右半分には、上記で算出した蓄電池容量から、翌日の日出から13時までの太陽電池発電量を減じることにより、前日の深夜充電の電力量を求めるフロー図である。翌日午前中の太陽電池発電量は、全国各地の代表的な気象台で１日３回（６時、12時、18時）作成している「地域時系列予報」（図１のS11）（図16）のうち、18時に作成した３時間ごとの天気予報のデータと同一時間の全天日射量（水平面日射量）（図１のS14）の実績データをもとに、月・時間帯・天気（晴、くもり、雨）別に水平面日射量の平均値を求め（図１のS15）、次にその値の平年値換算および地点換算をする。ここでは高松地点での各天気（晴、くもり、雨）ごとの水平面日射量の平年値を求めているが、他の地点でも同様の手順により作成できる。このようにして求めた各天気の水平面日射量を地点・月・時刻によって決まった係数（「太陽光発電量シミュレーション計算プログラム」（図４）により求めた傾斜面日射量／水平面日射量の比率）を掛けて３時間の各天気の平均傾斜面日射強度を求める（図１のS18）（水平面日射量から傾斜面日射量の算出の基本は図６参照）。この傾斜面日射強度（１時間当りの日射量）と太陽電池温度（同様に「太陽光発電量シミュレーション計算プログラム」により、地点・月・時刻ごとに求めた値）および太陽電池特性値（Isc, Iop, Vop, Voc, α, β, Rs, K）から「実用的I−Vカーブ作成法」（論文１）又は「理論的なI―Vカーブ作成法」（論文２（伊賀；「太陽電池の光照射状態での電圧―電流特性を用いたI−Vカーブ作成法とその活用」、電学論116巻10号、1996））を使い、地点・月・天気・時間ごとの太陽電池出力を求める（図１のS20）。地点・月・天気・時間帯別に求めた太陽電池出力（発電量）が図17（図１のS21）である。図17を使い、午前中（ここでは日出〜12時）の天気予報がすべて晴、くもり、雨の場合の発電量および深夜受電量（蓄電池容量−午前中発電量）を月ごとに示したのが図18である。実際の運用時には地域時系列予報（図16）を使い、既に作成した地点・月・天気別の３時間ごとの太陽光発電出力（発電量）（図17）を使い蓄電池深夜充電量を算出することになる。この場合同一個所で、個々の太陽光発電システムごとに翌日発電量を計算し、そして深夜充電量を算出して、通信回線を使い、各システムを制御することもできる。
【００２４】
図２は各日の水平面日射量の月間平均値と標準偏差を示したものである。各月ごとの毎日の水平面日射量はほぼ正規分布していることから、蓄電池設備容量を決定するときは[平均]日射量でなく、[「平均＋標準偏差（σ）」]、[「平均−標準偏差（σ）」]の日射量で決めることを示している。図３は水平面日射量が[平均]と[「平均＋標準偏差（σ）」]の場合の時刻別太陽光発電量（７月）を示したものである。図４は月・年間の太陽光発電量を算出する太陽光発電量シミュレーション計算プログラムのフロー図である（論文１）。本発明では、上記のように本プログラムの月ごと時刻別発電量の算出に活用している。図５は月ごとの１日合計水平面日射量から時刻別の日射量を算出する方法を示している。図６は水平面日射量から太陽電池受光面日射量を算出する方法を示している。図７は月ごと時刻別の太陽電池出力（発電量）を算出するため、時刻別の日射強度、太陽電池温度および太陽電池特性値から電圧−電流曲線（「I−Vカーブ」という）を描く「実用的I−Vカーブ作成法」を示している。（論文１）。また図８は同様に太陽電池の基本特性式を使ってI−Vカーブを描く方法を示している（論文２）。
【００２５】
図９は前記の課題で示した負荷平準化に重点を置いたシステムのうち、ａ．「午前中（日出〜１３時）充電・ピーク時放電」システムの場合の蓄電池充電電力とピーク時放電電力の例を示している。図10は同様にｂ．「太陽光発電電力を（２時間）後へシフト」システムすなわち、太陽電池出力を（２時間）後へシフトするために必要な蓄電池容量（斜線部）を示したもので、斜線部は前記のように差を求めることにより簡単に算出できる。この図でも蓄電池容量の算出には月ごとの日射量は平均値でなく[平均＋σ]を使用して算出する。図11は同様にｃ．「朝方充電・ピーク時放電」システムにおける蓄電池容量、放電電力量を示している。図12はｅ．「太陽光発電余剰電力による負荷平準化」システムにおける充電電力量、放電電力量を示している。図13は高松で測定した月ごとの１日平均日射量とその標準偏差の測定例を示している。図14は前記ａシステムの場合に、日射量が平均値および[平均＋σ]の場合における、太陽電池１モジュール当りの午前中（日出〜１３時）発電量、および太陽電池設備１kW，３kW当りに必要な蓄電池容量の計算結果例を示す。図15は同様に前記ｂのシステムの場合に、日射量が平均値および[平均＋σ]の場合の、太陽電池１モジュールおよび１kW設備、３kW設備当りに必要な蓄電池容量の計算結果の例を示す。
【００２６】
図16は高松地点における18時の「地域時系列予報」の例である。３時間ごとの天気予報の他に外気温、風速・風向の予報も含まれているが翌日の日射量には直接結びつきにくいため、天気予報のデータのみを使用することとした。なお、日射量の予報にはこの「地域時系列予報」の他に気圧変動、湿度などの情報も活用することが考えられるが、実際に信頼性の面からは、各地気象台で作成するこの予報が中心となるべきと考える。しかし将来、他の情報の追加も考えておく必要がある。特に特殊な地形の地点地域などについてはきめの細かい天気予報を使うよう配慮すべきと考える。図17は高松における月・天気別３時間ごと（１部１時間ごと）の太陽電池発電量である。この図の数値は代表的単結晶太陽電池モジュール（昭和シェル石油GL136・・・標準時最大出力52.36W）の場合の太陽電池設備１kW当りの値である。このような図は、それぞれの地点について一度作成すればそのシステムについては汎用的に使用できる。図18は天気予報を使った運用方法による効果を確認するための図である。この図から天気の区分（予報）により、前夜の充電電力量が大きく変化し、この運用方法の効果が大きいことが予想される。図19は天気予報を使った運用方法による効果の試算例を示す。年間２〜４万円程度（３〜５kW設備）が期待できることがわかる。図20、図21は上記天気予報により発電量に妥当な値が得られることを検証するため、天気の実績値と発電量による結果を使った例である。図20はその方法のフロー図を、図21は結果を示しており、結果の検証が実施できた。
【００２７】
図22は前記ｂ．「太陽光発電電力を（２時間）後へシフト」システムの高松における実際の例（７月）である。図23は前記ｄ．「深夜充電・朝ピーク時放電＋午前中充電・ピーク時放電」システムにおける各月の計算例である。午前中充電電力は午前中の太陽光発電電力の60〜80％程度となっている。図24は一戸建住宅の季節ごとの平均負荷曲線から太陽光発電電力を除いた部分を蓄電池の深夜電力で賄う部分を斜線で示している。ここでは日射量は[平均−標準偏差（σ）]を使うこととなる。すなわち、前記「需要家メリットに重点を置いたシステム」において、１月における太陽光発電量（[平均]および[平均−σ]）および平均需要電力量を示すグラフである。蓄電池容量を算出する場合はこの場合日射量の少ない日でも対応できるよう[平均−σ]のカーブ（[平均−２σ]の場合もある）を使用する。したがってこの斜線部分がこの平均日（１月）における蓄電池の深夜充電電力の放電量になるように蓄電池容量を決める必要がある。このように各月の平均カーブから蓄電池の必要容量を算出したのが図25である。各月の容量は太陽電池設備容量と月ごとに異なるが、それぞれの太陽電池容量について最大の月の容量（太枠）が必要な蓄電池容量（放電深度が70％の場合）となる。図26は同様に４月（春）、８月（夏）の例である。図27、図28はそれぞれ太陽電池設備が３kW、5kWの場合の「需要家のメリットに重点を置いたシステム」の各種電力量の計算結果を示す。図29は図27、図28の場合の各種システムによる年間支払う電気料金の計算例で図30、図31はその結果である。
【００２８】
【効果】
太陽光発電電力が電力負荷平準化に役立つことは一般に知られているとおりである。また、太陽光発電システムの設備費が低下の傾向にあり、それにつれ、需要家メリット（経済性の向上）がさらにはかられている。一方、最近は蓄電池関係の技術の進展が顕著であり、その性能向上と価格の低下が進んでいる。本発明では、住宅に太陽光発電設備とともに蓄電池を設置することにより、負荷平準化と需要家メリットの向上がさらに進み、大きい効果が生じることを示している。ここでは〈発明が解決しようとする課題〉に沿ってそれぞれのシステムと運用方法に関連したその効果を示す。本発明では、下記のように月ごと時刻別の発電量が詳細に計算できるため、負荷平準化効果を明確に図示できる。
(1) 電力負荷平準化に重点を置いたシステム
ａ．「午前中（日出〜１３時）充電・ピーク時放電」システム
午前中の太陽光発電電力量を蓄電池に充電し、ピーク時間帯に放電する本システムでは、各月の晴天日など午前中日射量の多い日の発電量でもほとんど対応できるよう蓄電池容量を決定している。その蓄電池容量を使い、例えば図９に示すように、電力ピーク時間帯（13〜17時など）に、太陽光発電による蓄電池充電電力量を放電することにより大きい負荷平準化効果があらわれている。
ｂ．「太陽光発電電力を（２時間）後へシフト」システム
太陽光発電の発電電力のカーブを電力負荷のカーブに近づけることにより負荷平準化をはかるもので上記ａのシステムに比べて蓄電池容量は1/2〜1/3程度でよいが、電力負荷のピーク時間帯（14時頃）での効果が比較的少ないものの17時頃までに除々に大きくなっている（図22）。
ｃ．「朝方充電・ピーク時放電」システム
朝方のオフピーク時間帯の電力で蓄電池を充電し、特にピーク時間帯で放電することにより、負荷平準化効果をさらに高めようとするものである。上記ａシステムに比べて、蓄電池容量の減少と負荷平準化効果がさらに向上する（図11）。
ｄ．「深夜充電・朝ピーク時放電＋午前中（日出〜１３時）充電・ピーク時放電」システム
上記ａシステムに蓄電池の深夜充電・昼間時間帯での放電による需要家の経済性向上（メリット）をさらにはかろうとするもので蓄電池の活用という面でも効果がある。すなわちこのシステムでは1日２回の蓄電池充放電を実施することによる蓄電池の有効活用、および深夜充電昼間放電による需要家メリットが生じる。
ｅ．「太陽光発電余剰電力による充電」システム
図12のように需要家側にとっては、各時間帯の需要電力のうち太陽光発電で賄える電力はそのまま使うことにより充放電ロスを少なくする。しかも電力側にとっても上記ａシステムに比較して小さい蓄電池で効果的な負荷平準化がはかれる。
(2) 電力負荷平準化に重点を置いたシステムの蓄電池充放電運用方法
上記ａ〜ｅのシステムによると午前中などに日射量が比較的少ない日には蓄電池が容量いっぱいまで利用されていることにならず、設備利用の観点からは不充分なこととなる。そこで、このシステムの運用方法では、翌日午前中の太陽光発電充電量を予測し、蓄電池容量と午前中発電量の差すなわち蓄電池の空き部分を予め深夜充電しておこうとするものである。図18は月ごとの天気別太陽光発電量予測と蓄電池深夜充電量の図（太陽電池設備１kW当り）である。この図を使いこの方法の効果を説明する。図18では日出〜13時までの天気予報がすべて晴、くもり、雨の場合の発電量の予想と蓄電池の深夜充電電力量を月ごとに示している。前述のとおり、例えば午前中の３時間ごとの天気予報が晴―くもり―晴など、晴とくもりにより構成されている場合は図18の白色部分の中に存在する。この図18などから日出〜13時における発電量（予想）は天気、月により明確な差が出ており、天気による発電量の差は大きいことがわかる。すなわち月ごと、天気予報ごとに蓄電池深夜充電量をかえることによる大きい効果が期待できることをあらわしている。図19によると負荷平準化に寄与する電力はこの方式により、約60％程度増加すると共に、需要家にとっても2.0万円／年〜4.0万円／年の経済的メリットを生じる。また深夜電力で蓄電池を充電することにより、深夜電力負荷造成による負荷平準化にもなる。なお図20、図21によりこの方法による効果が確かであることを示している。
(3) 需要家の経済性向上（メリット）を目指したシステム
各種システムによる年間支払電気料金の計算過程と結果を図29に示している。なお図の太線で囲ったのは比較・評価する場合の評価対象である。各種システムの一般システム（太陽光・蓄電池設備共になし）に対する年間経済性の向上効果（メリット）をあらわしたのが図30である。図31は太陽光発電設備、蓄電池設備の設備償却費用を含んだ、経済効果である。
図30より次のことがわかる。
・太陽光発電に蓄電池を組合せたシステムでは蓄電池充電電力の逆潮流が可能であればメリットが生じているが、この場合は6〜10％程度の増加である。これは太陽光発電では既に逆潮流が可能であるため、蓄電池システムの場合のみの場合より小さくなっている。
・太陽光発電と蓄電池の組合せシステムでは、蓄電池の容量が蓄電池設備のみの場合よりかなり小さくても、太陽電池との組合せにより効果的に働いていることがわかる。すなわち太陽光発電と蓄電池を組合せたシステムにおいては、それぞれを単独に設置した効果を合わせたものと同様の大きさの効果が得られる。このことは次の利点にも結びつく。
・太陽光発電と蓄電池の組合せシステムでは太陽光発電の組合せの影響により逆潮流が可能かどうかの影響は少なくなっており、特に太陽光発電の設備容量が大きいほど少なくなっている。これは深夜充電の逆潮流が認められていない現状からは、組合せシステムが現実に即したシステムともいえる。
図31より次のことがわかる。
・太陽光発電又は蓄電池のみでは経済性が少ない場合でも、蓄電池と組合せることにより、総合的に経済性が向上している。
・蓄電池設備のみの場合、蓄電池設備費を考慮した経済性向上は逆潮流が可能かどうかにより大きくかわっている。すなわち逆潮流可能なら70％程度の経済性の向上がみられる。しかし、太陽光発電と蓄電池を組合せたシステムの経済性向上効果は太陽電池価格が下がるほど、太陽電池設備が大きいほど、また逆潮流が可能になるほど大きい。
以上より、このシステムでは蓄電池のみのシステムに比べて組合せる蓄電池容量を大幅に減少（約半減）できるため、設置・運用面・設置スペース面でも有利になる。そしてその経済効果は太陽電池価格の低下とともに増し、また逆潮流の可否による影響を受けることが少ないため、現状では実際的なシステムといえる。また、太陽光発電のみ、および蓄電池との組合せシステムにおいて、太陽電池価格が低下すれば規模の増大とともにメリットも大となるが、価格が高くなれば逆になる。さらにこの組合せシステムは需要家の経済性の向上効果に限らず、電力会社の負荷平準化にも大きく結びつく。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】「午前中充電・ピーク時放電」システム（ａ）における蓄電池容量算出フロー、および翌日午前中太陽光発電量予測・前日深夜充電電力量計算フロー図である。
【図２】月平均の水平面日射量の平均値と標準偏差（σ）を説明している。
【図３】時刻別太陽光発電量（高松の７月）であり、[平均]日射量と[平均＋σ]日射量のときの発電量を示す。
【図４】太陽光発電シミュレーション計算プログラムのブロック図（文献１参照）である。
【図５】１日合計日射量を時刻別に按分する方法である。
【図６】水平面日射量から受光面日射量を算出する概要である。
【図７】各時刻の発電量の算出方法Ｉ（「実用的Ｉ−Ｖカーブ作成方法」）の内容を示す。
【図８】各時刻の発電量の算出方法II（「理論的なＩ−Ｖカーブ作成方法」）の内容を示す。
【図９】「午前中充電・ピーク時放電」システムの負荷平準化効果（７月）である。
【図１０】「太陽光発電電力を（２時間）後へシフト」する場合の必要蓄電池容量をあらわしている。
【図１１】「朝方充電・ピーク時放電」システムの負荷平準化効果を示す（８月）。
【図１２】「太陽光発電余剰電力による負荷平準化」システムの負荷平準化効果である（７月）。
【図１３】高松地区の月ごとの水平面日射量とその標準偏差（σ）である。
【図１４】「午前中充電・ピーク時放電」システムの月ごとの発電量と蓄電池必要容量の算出結果である。
【図１５】「太陽光発電電力を（２時間）後へシフト」システムの月ごとの発電量と蓄電池必要容量の算出結果である。
【図１６】気象台で発表する「地域時系列予報」である。
【図１７】月・天気・時間帯別太陽光発電量一覧（太陽光発電設備１kW当り、高松地区）である。
【図１８】月ごと天気による発電量予測・蓄電池深夜充電量の算出例を示している。
【図１９】「午前中充電・ピーク時放電」システムに天気予報を適用した場合の効果である。
【図２０】「地域時系列予報」を使い翌日の太陽光発電量を予測し深夜充電量を算出する方法の妥当性を確認するフロー図である。
【図２１】同上の妥当性の確認図（１月）である。
【図２２】「太陽光発電電力を（２時間）後へシフト」システムの負荷平準化効果（７月）を示す図である（充放電効率を考慮した場合）。
【図２３】「深夜充電・朝ピーク時放電」システムの月ごとの蓄電池必要容量等の算出結果である。
【図２４】需要家メリット重点システムのおける蓄電池容量の算出方法（冬期：１月）の例である。
【図２５】需要家の需用電力を太陽光発電優先的に賄うシステムに必要な蓄電池容量の算出結果例
【図２６】月別の太陽光発電量と需要電力量（４月、８月）の関係図である。
【図２７】月別１日合計・月合計の各種電力量（太陽光発電設備３kW）である。
【図２８】月別１日合計・月合計の各種電力量（太陽光発電設備５kW）である。
【図２９】各種システムにより年間支払う電気料金の算出過程を示す。
【図３０】一般システムに対する各種システムの電気料金支払額の減少額の試算例（太陽光発電・蓄電池等設備費を考慮しない場合）（蓄電池優先運転）
【図３１】一般システムに対する各種システムの電気料金支払額の減少額の試算例（太陽光発電・蓄電池等設備費を考慮した場合）（太陽光発電優先運転） [0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A solar cell directly converts solar light energy into electrical energy. In other words, the photovoltaic effect, which is a kind of photoelectric effect, is applied. When appropriate energy (photons) is incident on the solar cell, free electrons and holes are generated, respectively, on the n-type p-type semiconductor side of the semiconductor. Since it diffuses and collects at both electrode parts, power can be taken out and voltage and current are generated. The present invention relates to a system in which a storage battery is combined with a solar power generation system using the solar battery.Is a thing. In electric power companies on the power supply side, the power load factor of power demand has decreased in recent years due to an increase in cooling demand in the summer (59.1% in 1986, 58.3% in 1998). Lowering the load factor is a factor that pushes up the power cost. In order to reduce the power cost and achieve low-cost electricity charges, power companies are working on various load leveling measures to improve the load factor. . For example, most electric power companies have established a “time-specific charge” with a difference between the late-night electricity charge and the daytime electricity charge to achieve load leveling. On the other hand, the spread of solar power generation to ordinary houses in recent yearsIs remarkable. further,Movements to improve the economics (merits) of consumers using photovoltaic power generation and low-cost electricity at midnight, using a system that combines solar power generation and storage batteries, due to improved storage battery performance and lower pricesAlsoIt has become apparent. That is, in the house, the sunlightPower generation and storage battery (1)Electric powerLoad leveling (2) Aiming at improving the economics (merits) of consumers,Storage battery with optimal capacity for solar power generationIt is desirable to devise combinations and storage battery charge / discharge operation,First to be implementedYes. The present invention belongs to these technical fields.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, power companies haveA method has been studied in which a storage battery is used to charge the storage battery with power during off-peak hours such as midnight, and to achieve load leveling by discharging the battery during peak hours. Since this method is straightforward and highly effective, power companies and others are focusing on practical application. On the other hand, from the standpoint of a consumer (electricity user), the electricity charged by the installed storage battery with cheap late-night electricity can cover the electricity demand during the high daytime hours, or in some cases an electric power company The idea of trying to obtain the economics (benefits) of consumers is also being considered (however, currently, each electric power company's rate system allows such a method of selling stored electricity to electric power companies. Not) On the other hand, since there is a fairly common part between the peak hours of power load and the time of solar power generation, the spread of solar power systems is said to contribute to power load leveling . In a system that combines photovoltaic power generation and storage battery, in order to use the generated power of solar power generation for more equalization of power load, for example, (1) the photovoltaic power generation in off-peak hours such as in the morning is charged to the storage battery, A method of leveling the power load by discharging it during the peak hours of the power load, or (2) PV power generation peak time zone is matched with the peak time zone of the photovoltaic power generation, that is, the photovoltaic power generation generated power 2 A method for leveling the load by charging / discharging the storage battery so as to shift about time (“shift about 2 hours later” or simply “2 hours shift”) has already been studied.
[0003]
But,When specifically examining the optimal combination and operation method of photovoltaic power generation and storage batteries, technology that accurately and universally calculates the amount of power generated by time every month is essential, but the conventional technology is sufficient. Absent. And when combining photovoltaic power generation equipment and storage battery capacity, how to determine the storage battery capacity and use it would most likely lead to load leveling and customer merit. In addition, the amount of photovoltaic power generation has a larger difference between the month and the day, and there has been no technique for accurately and universally predicting and calculating the amount of power generation by time of the day with a large amount of photovoltaic power generation. Furthermore, in order to make a system that combines a solar battery and a storage battery work effectively, a technique for predicting the amount of power generation by weather forecast or the like is required in order to optimize the amount of charge at midnight the previous day. This technology is not sufficient. In other words, there was no technology for predicting the amount of photovoltaic power generation according to the time of the next day and effectively utilizing the storage battery until the applied storage battery capacity was full.
  Here, the usage of the words “morning” and “off-peak hours” will be described. The solar radiation peaks during the day at noon, but the outdoor temperature and the amount of power demand peak at around 14:00. For this reason, in the present invention, charging and discharging of the storage battery are often divided at about 13:00. Therefore, since the sunrise to 12:00 is generally in the morning, it is expressed as “morning” unless otherwise specified. In addition, it is assumed that “morning (daylighting to 13:00)” is about “daylight to about 13:00”, but “off-peak time zone” and “off-peak time zone (daylighting to 13:00) when it is necessary to distinguish clearly. Etc.) ”.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The problems to be solved by the present invention based on the above-described prior art will be specifically described.
(1) Determining the storage battery capacity of a system with an emphasis on power load leveling
As described above, it is said that photovoltaic power generation contributes to power load leveling. And in order to make the effect even more effective, the power load is leveled by charging the storage battery with the photovoltaic power generated during off-peak hours of power demand and discharging it during the peak time of power demand. To do. There are the following methods for charging / discharging the storage battery. The following methods and methods include matters relating to the inventors' invention.
a. "Morning (Sunday-13:00) Charging / Peak discharge" system
The solar power generated in the morning (from sunrise to 13:00) is stored and discharged during peak hours in the afternoon to achieve load leveling.
b. "Shift photovoltaic power (after 2 hours)" system
By charging / discharging the photovoltaic power to / from the storage battery, the daily photovoltaic power generation curve is shifted backward to achieve load leveling close to the load curve (curve).
c. "Morning charge / peak discharge" system
The solar power generated during off-peak hours in the morning is charged to the storage battery and discharged in the afternoon peak hours to achieve load leveling. It is also conceivable that load leveling more effective than a can be achieved.
d. "Late night charge, morning peak discharge + morning(Hide-13:00)Charging / Discharging at peak "system
The power charged in the battery at midnight is discharged in the morning, and then in the morning(Hide-13:00)The charged power is discharged during the afternoon peak hours, and the load leveling is improved and the economy of the customer is improved.
e. "Load leveling by surplus power from solar power generation" system
For the power obtained by removing the power used in the house from the photovoltaic power generation, the load is leveled by carrying out “morning (daylight to 13:00) charging / discharging at peak”. By using photovoltaic power generation directly as demand power, the charge / discharge loss of the storage battery is further reduced.
In the claims of this patent application, among these methods, the optimum storage battery capacity calculation method and operation method for the systems a, b, and e, and the system with high consumer economy (solar power generation priority, storage battery priority) (See (3) below) Storage battery capacity calculation method and operation method will be described.
As described above, each of these systems is based on the technology for accurately calculating the amount of power generated by time every month, and the following technology is required for this purpose.
1. Technology that calculates the amount of solar radiation by the time of day (inclined surface solar radiation amount) from the total daily solar radiation amount per month
2. Technology for determining solar cell light receiving surface solar radiation from horizontal solar radiation
3. Technology for predicting the temperature of solar cells from the outside air temperature, solar cell light receiving surface solar radiation, etc.
4).By timeTechnology to determine the generated power from solar cell light receiving surface solar radiation (solar intensity), solar cell temperature, wind speed and solar cell characteristic values
In addition to these technical problems, a common problem to be solved by the present invention is that the storage battery capacity corresponding to the average power generation amount by month and by time zone is the storage battery capacity in the month and day when the weather is good and the amount of solar radiation is large. Is lacking. Therefore, it is also a problem how to determine the storage battery capacity according to what day. That is, how to determine the capacity of the storage battery that can cope with most days of the year by each of the methods a to e is a problem.
[0005]
(2) The storage battery capacity of each system in the system storage battery charge / discharge operation method (a to e above) with an emphasis on power load leveling is adjusted to the day when the weather is good and the amount of solar radiation is high. The capacity of the large storage battery is decided so that it can respond. Therefore, there is a problem that the storage battery is not always used up to the full amount. As described above, the next day's solar power generationPredict powerTechnology to do is necessary.
[0006]
(3) Determining and operating the storage battery capacity of the system with emphasis on the merits of consumers
It is a problem how to operate a system with great customer merit if the customer's use power is covered by a combination of photovoltaic power and discharge power for charging the battery of midnight power. For exampleSome customers use electricity that cannot be covered by solar power with electric power charged in storage batteries with late-night electricity, which has a low electricity bill. Although it can be considered as a system, it is possible to accurately grasp the amount of photovoltaic power generation and demand for each hour of each month.Because it is difficultHowever, there has been a problem that a specific method for determining an appropriate storage battery capacity and its operation method have not been studied.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  Claim 1
  In the 1-1 process,
The solar radiation amount of [monthly average + standard deviation (σ)] instead of the total (horizontal) solar radiation amount per day at the solar cell installation pointIs a sine wave with zero solar radiation intensity at sunrise and sunset timesCoincides with the area in the curveCreate a sinusoidal curve and a sinusoidal curve with a period twice that of this curve, create a curve that combines these sinusoidal curves,By this curve, the time by monthHorizontal planeCalculate the solar radiation intensity,
  In the 1-2 process,
After dividing the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 processing process into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation direction of the solar cell installation point・ Installation angle and sun declination are used.Direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surfaceCalculate the strength ofThese lightsIntensity of solar radiation on the solar cell light receiving surface per month (E₂)
  In the 1-3 process,
Solar radiation intensity by time (E₂) And the outside temperature according to the time calculated from the average maximum temperature / minimum temperature per month and the average wind speed per month as explanatory variables.With explained variablesFrom the multiple regression equationOf the solar cellMonthly solar cell temperature by time (T₂)
  on the other hand,In the 1-4 process,
Standard solar cell is in standard condition (intensity of solar radiation 1 kW / m²The characteristic value of the solar cell module when the solar cell temperature is kept at 25 ° C. (I_SC(Short circuit current), I_OP(Optimal current), V_OP(Optimal voltage), V_OC(Open voltage), FF (= (I_OP・ V_OP) / (I_SC・ V_OC)) (Curve factor), V (voltage)-I (current) value is moved so that FF matches the FF of the installed solar cell module, that is, the operating point of maximum output is moved,
  In the 1-5 process,
Maximum output operating point moved in the 1-4th processWith the movement of (along), Move (convert) each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell,
  In the 1-6 process,
Each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell converted in the first to fifth processing steps is converted into the solar cell.Module characteristic values(I_SC, I_OP, V_OP, V_OC) Is converted again to match each operating point (several dozens of sets)V ₁ -I ₁Value)
  In the 1-7 process,
Characteristic values of the installed solar cell module (α (short circuit current temperature coefficient), β (open circuit voltage temperature coefficient), R_S(Series resistance), K (curve correction factor)) and solar radiation intensity (E₂), Solar cell temperature calculated in the 1-3 process (T ₂), And dozens of operating points held in the 1-6 processVoltage-current value (V ₁ -I ₁ )Is converted again byVoltage-current value (V ₂ -I ₂ )Calculate and hold
    I₂= I₁+ I_SC{(E₂/ E₁) -1} + α (T₂-T₁)
    V₂= V₁+ Β (T₂-T₁-R_S(I₂―I₁-KI₂(T₂-T₁)
    (However, E₁, T₁Is the standard solar radiation intensity (1kW / m²), Solar cell temperature (25 ° C))
  In the 1-8 process,
Convert each value in the solar cell module unit held in the 1-7 processing step into each value in the solar cell facility capacity, hold,
In the second process,
The maximum value of electric power (V * I) is calculated from tens of VI values held in the 1-8th process, and this value is used as the solar cell power generation amount by time of the solar cell facility. Hold every
  In the third process,
Accumulate the amount of electricity generated by the time of the month held in the second process during the off-peak hours (from sunrise to 13:00)Electric power per day in the off-peak hours of the month for the solar cell equipmentHold as quantity,
  In the fourth process,
Monthly holding in the third processElectric powerWhen storing the amount in a storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity taking into account the DC charge / discharge efficiency and discharge depth of the storage battery, and use the storage battery capacity of the maximum month as the storage battery capacity required for the solar battery facility. It is characterized by being
[0008]
  Claim 2
  In the 1-1 process,
The solar radiation amount of [monthly average + standard deviation (σ)] instead of the total (horizontal) solar radiation amount per day at the solar cell installation pointIs a sine wave with zero solar radiation intensity at sunrise and sunset timesCoincides with the area in the curveCreate a sinusoidal curve and a sinusoidal curve with a period twice that of this curve, create a curve that combines these sinusoidal curves,By this curve, the time by monthHorizontal planeCalculate the solar radiation intensity,
  In the 1-2 process,
After dividing the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 processing process into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation direction of the solar cell installation point・ Installation angle and sun declination are used.Direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surfaceCalculate the strength ofThese lightsIntensity of solar radiation on the solar cell light receiving surface per month (E₂)
  In the 1-3 process,
Solar radiation intensity by time (E₂) And the outside temperature according to the time calculated from the average maximum temperature / minimum temperature per month and the average wind speed per month as explanatory variables.With explained variablesFrom the multiple regression equationOf the solar cellMonthly solar cell temperature by time (T₂)
  On the other hand, in the 1-4 process,
The following basic characteristics of solar cell
    I = I_L-I₀{Exp (q (V + R_SI) / nK₀T) -1}-(V + R_SI) / R_Sh
    I₀= C₀T³exp (-qE_g/ nK₀T)
    (Q: electron charge, K₀Boltzmann constant, n; junction constant; C₀; Saturation current temperature coefficient,
I_L; Photovoltaic current, E_gEnergy gap, R_Sh; Parallel resistance)
And R at the reference temperature (25 ° C.) of the installed solar cell under the four conditions of the short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, each value of the optimum voltage / current and the point of the optimum voltage / current being the maximum power_S(Series resistance) and V in the reference state_OP(Optimal voltage), I_OP(Optimal current), I_SC(Short circuit current), V_OCApply each value of (open voltage), n, R_Sh, I_L, C₀Establish four nonlinear simultaneous equations with unknown as
  In the 1-5 process,
By solving these four simultaneous simultaneous equations, n, R in the reference state_Sh, I_L, C₀For n ', R_Sh’、 I_L', C₀'age,
  In the 1-6 process,
R at operating temperature (eg 55 ° C)_S, V_OP, I_OP, I_SC, V_OCN, R in the same procedure as the 1-4 process._Sh, I_L, C₀N ″, R_Sh‘’, I_L‘’, C₀''age,
  In the 1-7 process,
Solar cell temperature (T₂N, R in_Sh, I_L, C₀N ′, R at 25 ° C. determined in the 1-5th treatment process_Sh’、 I_L', C₀′ And the operating temperature n ″, R determined in the first to sixth processing steps._Sh‘’, I_L‘’, C₀It is obtained by temperature interpolation from "", and R_SAlso for the value of 25 ° C the solar cell temperature (T₂) Value,
  In the 1-8 process,
N and R obtained in the 1-7th process_Sh, C₀, R_SAnd solar radiation intensity (E₂I corrected by_LAnd basic constants q, K₀, E_gIs applied again to the basic formula of the solar cell used in the 1-4 process, and several tens of values of I (current) with respect to V (voltage)(V ₂ -I ₂ )Calculate and hold
  In the 1-9 process,
Convert each value of the solar cell module unit held in the first 1-8 process into each value of the solar cell facility capacity, hold it,
In the second process,
1st-9The maximum value of electric power (V * I) is calculated from the value of VI of tens of sets of the solar cell facility capacity held in the process, and this value is calculated as the solar cell power generation amount by time of the solar cell facility. As per month,
  In the third process,
Accumulate the amount of electricity generated by the time of the month held in the second process during the off-peak hours (from sunrise to 13:00)Electric power per day in the off-peak hours of the month for the solar cell equipmentHold as quantity,
  In the fourth process,
Held in the third processElectric powerWhen storing the amount in the storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge / discharge efficiency and depth of discharge of the storage battery, and calculate the storage battery capacity using the storage battery capacity of the maximum month as the storage battery capacity required for the solar cell equipment It is characterized by being
[0009]
  Claim 3
  In the 1-1 process,
The solar radiation amount of [monthly average + standard deviation (σ)] instead of the total (horizontal) solar radiation amount per day at the solar cell installation pointIs a sine wave with zero solar radiation intensity at sunrise and sunset timesCoincides with the area in the curveCreate a sinusoidal curve and a sinusoidal curve with a period twice that of this curve, create a curve that combines these sinusoidal curves,By this curve, the time by monthHorizontal planeCalculate the solar radiation intensity,
  In the 1-2 process,
After dividing the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 processing process into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation direction of the solar cell installation point・ Installation angle and sun declination are used.Direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surfaceCalculate the strength ofThese lightsIntensity of solar radiation on the solar cell light receiving surface per month (E₂)
  In the 1-3 process,
Solar radiation intensity by time (E₂) And the outside temperature according to the time calculated from the average maximum temperature / minimum temperature per month and the average wind speed per month as explanatory variables.With explained variablesFrom the multiple regression equationOf the solar cellMonthly solar cell temperature by time (T₂)
  on the other hand,In the 1-4 process,
Standard solar cell is in standard condition (intensity of solar radiation 1 kW / m²The characteristic value of the solar cell module when the solar cell temperature is kept at 25 ° C. (I_SC(Short circuit current), I_OP(Optimal current), V_OP(Optimal voltage), V_OC(Open voltage), FF (= (I_OP・ V_OP) / (I_SC・ V_OC)) (Curve factor), V (voltage)-I (current) value is moved so that FF matches the FF of the installed solar cell module, that is, the operating point of maximum output is moved,
  In the 1-5 process,
Maximum output operating point moved in the 1-4th processWith the movement of (along), Move (convert) each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell,
  In the 1-6 process,
Each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell converted in the first to fifth processing steps is converted into the solar cell.Module characteristic values(I_SC, I_OP, V_OP, V_OC) Is converted again to match each operating point (several dozens of sets)V ₁ -I ₁Value)
  In the 1-7 process,
Characteristic values of the installed solar cell module (α (short circuit current temperature coefficient), β (open circuit voltage temperature coefficient), R_S(Series resistance), K (curve correction factor)) and solar radiation intensity (E₂), Solar cell temperature calculated in the 1-3 process (T ₂), And dozens of operating points held in the 1-6 processVoltage-current value (V ₁ -I ₁ )Is converted again byVoltage-current value (V ₂ -I ₂ )Calculate and hold
    I₂= I₁+ I_SC{(E₂/ E₁) -1} + α (T₂-T₁)
    V₂= V₁+ Β (T₂-T₁-R_S(I₂―I₁-KI₂(T₂-T₁)
    (However, E₁, T₁Is the standard solar radiation intensity (1kW / m²), Solar cell temperature (25 ° C))
  In the 1-8 process,
Convert each value in the solar cell module unit held in the 1-7 processing step into each value in the solar cell facility capacity, hold,
In the second process,
The maximum value of electric power (V * I) is calculated from tens of VI values held in the 1-8th process, and this value is used as the solar cell power generation amount by time of the solar cell facility. Hold every
  In the third process,
Electricity obtained by subtracting the amount of electricity consumed (demand) for each hour from the monthly power generation held in the second process is integrated for the off-peak hours (such as Hinode to 13:00), and the monthly off-peak hours As the amount of power of the solar cell equipment,
  In the fourth process,
Held in the third processElectric powerWhen storing the amount in the storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge / discharge efficiency and depth of discharge of the storage battery, and calculate the storage battery capacity using the storage battery capacity of the maximum month as the storage battery capacity required for the solar cell equipment It is characterized by being
[0010]
  Claim 4
  In the 1-1 process,
The solar radiation amount of [monthly average + standard deviation (σ)] instead of the total (horizontal) solar radiation amount per day at the solar cell installation pointIs a sine wave with zero solar radiation intensity at sunrise and sunset timesCoincides with the area in the curveCreate a sinusoidal curve and a sinusoidal curve with a period twice that of this curve, create a curve that combines these sinusoidal curves,By this curve, the time by monthHorizontal planeCalculate the solar radiation intensity,
  In the 1-2 process,
After dividing the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 processing process into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation direction of the solar cell installation point・ Installation angle and sun declination are used.Direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surfaceCalculate the strength ofThese lightsIntensity of solar radiation on the solar cell light receiving surface per month (E₂)
  In the 1-3 process,
Solar radiation intensity by time (E₂) And the outside temperature according to the time calculated from the average maximum temperature / minimum temperature per month and the average wind speed per month as explanatory variables.With explained variablesFrom the multiple regression equationOf the solar cellMonthly solar cell temperature by time (T₂)
  On the other hand, in the 1-4 process,
The following basic characteristics of solar cell
    I = I_L-I₀{Exp (q (V + R_SI) / nK₀T) -1}-(V + R_SI) / R_Sh
    I₀= C₀T³exp (-qE_g/ nK₀T)
    (Q: electron charge, K₀Boltzmann constant, n; junction constant; C₀; Saturation current temperature coefficient,
I_L; Photovoltaic current, E_gEnergy gap, R_Sh; Parallel resistance)
And R at the reference temperature (25 ° C.) of the installed solar cell under the four conditions of the short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, each value of the optimum voltage / current and the point of the optimum voltage / current being the maximum power_S(Series resistance) and V in the reference state_OP(Optimal voltage), I_OP(Optimal current), I_SC(Short circuit current), V_OCApply each value of (open voltage), n, R_Sh, I_L, C₀Establish four nonlinear simultaneous equations with unknown as
  In the 1-5 process,
By solving these four simultaneous simultaneous equations, n, R in the reference state_Sh, I_L, C₀For n ', R_Sh’、 I_L', C₀'age,
  In the 1-6 process,
R at operating temperature (eg 55 ° C)_S, V_OP, I_OP, I_SC, V_OCN, R in the same procedure as the 1-4 process._Sh, I_L, C₀N ″, R_Sh‘’, I_L‘’, C₀''age,
  In the 1-7 process,
Solar cell temperature (T₂N, R in_Sh, I_L, C₀N ′, R at 25 ° C. determined in the 1-5th treatment process_Sh’、 I_L', C₀′ And the operating temperature n ″, R determined in the first to sixth processing steps._Sh‘’, I_L‘’, C₀It is obtained by temperature interpolation from "", and R_SAlso for the value of 25 ° C the solar cell temperature (T₂) Value,
  In the 1-8 process,
N and R obtained in the 1-7th process_Sh, C₀, R_SAnd solar radiation intensity (E₂I corrected by_LAnd basic constants q, K₀, E_gIs applied again to the basic formula of the solar cell used in the 1-4 process, and several tens of values of I (current) with respect to V (voltage)(V ₂ -I ₂ )Calculate and hold
  In the 1-9 process,
Convert each value of the solar cell module unit held in the first 1-8 process into each value of the solar cell facility capacity, hold it,
In the second process,
1st-9The maximum value of electric power (V * I) is calculated from the value of VI of tens of sets of the solar cell facility capacity held in the process, and this value is calculated as the solar cell power generation amount by time of the solar cell facility. As per month,
  In the third process,
Electricity obtained by subtracting the amount of electricity consumed (demand) for each hour from the monthly power generation held in the second process is integrated for the off-peak hours (such as Hinode to 13:00), and the monthly off-peak hours As the amount of power of the solar cell equipment,
  In the fourth process,
Held in the third processElectric powerWhen storing the amount in the storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge / discharge efficiency and depth of discharge of the storage battery, and calculate the storage battery capacity using the storage battery capacity of the maximum month as the storage battery capacity required for the solar cell equipment It is characterized by being
[0011]
  Claim 5
  In the 1-1 process,
The solar radiation amount of [monthly average + standard deviation (σ)] instead of the total (horizontal) solar radiation amount per day at the solar cell installation pointIs a sine wave with zero solar radiation intensity at sunrise and sunset timesCoincides with the area in the curveCreate a sinusoidal curve and a sinusoidal curve with a period twice that of this curve, create a curve that combines these sinusoidal curves,By this curve, the time by monthHorizontal planeCalculate the solar radiation intensity,
  In the 1-2 process,
After dividing the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 processing process into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation direction of the solar cell installation point・ Installation angle and sun declination are used.Direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surfaceCalculate the strength ofThese lightsIntensity of solar radiation on the solar cell light receiving surface per month (E₂)
  In the 1-3 process,
Solar radiation intensity by time (E₂) And the outside temperature according to the time calculated from the average maximum temperature / minimum temperature per month and the average wind speed per month as explanatory variables.With explained variablesFrom the multiple regression equationOf the solar cellMonthly solar cell temperature by time (T₂)
  on the other hand,In the 1-4 process,
Standard solar cell is in standard condition (intensity of solar radiation 1 kW / m²The characteristic value of the solar cell module when the solar cell temperature is kept at 25 ° C. (I_SC(Short circuit current), I_OP(Optimal current), V_OP(Optimal voltage), V_OC(Open voltage), FF (= (I_OP・ V_OP) / (I_SC・ V_OC)) (Curve factor), V (voltage)-I (current) value is moved so that FF matches the FF of the installed solar cell module, that is, the operating point of maximum output is moved,
  In the 1-5 process,
Maximum output operating point moved in the 1-4th processWith the movement of (along), Move (convert) each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell,
  In the 1-6 process,
Each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell converted in the first to fifth processing steps is converted into the solar cell.Module characteristic values(I_SC, I_OP, V_OP, V_OC) Is converted again to match each operating point (several dozens of sets)V ₁ -I ₁Value)
  In the 1-7 process,
Characteristic values of the installed solar cell module (α (short circuit current temperature coefficient), β (open circuit voltage temperature coefficient), R_S(Series resistance), K (curve correction factor)) and solar radiation intensity (E₂), Solar cell temperature calculated in the 1-3 process (T ₂), And dozens of operating points held in the 1-6 processVoltage-current value (V ₁ -I ₁ )Is converted again byVoltage-current value (V ₂ -I ₂ )Calculate and hold
    I₂= I₁+ I_SC{(E₂/ E₁) -1} + α (T₂-T₁)
    V₂= V₁+ Β (T₂-T₁-R_S(I₂―I₁-KI₂(T₂-T₁)
    (However, E₁, T₁Is the standard solar radiation intensity (1kW / m²), Solar cell temperature (25 ° C))
  In the 1-8 process,
Convert each value in the solar cell module unit held in the 1-7 processing step into each value in the solar cell facility capacity, hold,
In the second process,
The maximum value of electric power (V * I) is calculated from tens of VI values held in the 1-8th process, and this value is used as the solar cell power generation amount by time of the solar cell facility. Hold every
  In the third process,
Calculate and hold the amount of power required to shift the monthly power generation amount held in the second process to a time zone that is a certain time (1-2 hours) later,
  In the fourth process,
Held in the third processElectric powerWhen storing the amount in the storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge / discharge efficiency and depth of discharge of the storage battery, and calculate the storage battery capacity using the storage battery capacity of the maximum month as the storage battery capacity required for the solar cell equipment It is characterized by being
[0012]
  Claim 6
  In the 1-1 process,
The solar radiation amount of [monthly average + standard deviation (σ)] instead of the total (horizontal) solar radiation amount per day at the solar cell installation pointIs a sine wave with zero solar radiation intensity at sunrise and sunset timesCoincides with the area in the curveCreate a sinusoidal curve and a sinusoidal curve with a period twice that of this curve, create a curve that combines these sinusoidal curves,By this curve, the time by monthHorizontal planeCalculate the solar radiation intensity,
  In the 1-2 process,
After dividing the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 processing process into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation direction of the solar cell installation point・ Installation angle and sun declination are used.Direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surfaceCalculate the strength ofThese lightsIntensity of solar radiation on the solar cell light receiving surface per month (E₂)
  In the 1-3 process,
Solar radiation intensity by time (E₂) And the outside temperature according to the time calculated from the average maximum temperature / minimum temperature per month and the average wind speed per month as explanatory variables.With explained variablesFrom the multiple regression equationOf the solar cellMonthly solar cell temperature by time (T₂)
  On the other hand, in the 1-4 process,
The following basic characteristics of solar cell
    I = I_L-I₀{Exp (q (V + R_SI) / nK₀T) -1}-(V + R_SI) / R_Sh
    I₀= C₀T³exp (-qE_g/ nK₀T)
    (Q: electron charge, K₀Boltzmann constant, n; junction constant; C₀; Saturation current temperature coefficient,
I_L; Photovoltaic current, E_gEnergy gap, R_Sh; Parallel resistance)
And R at the reference temperature (25 ° C.) of the installed solar cell under the four conditions of the short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, each value of the optimum voltage / current and the point of the optimum voltage / current being the maximum power_S(Series resistance) and V in the reference state_OP(Optimal voltage), I_OP(Optimal current), I_SC(Short circuit current), V_OCApply each value of (open voltage), n, R_Sh, I_L, C₀Establish four nonlinear simultaneous equations with unknown as
  In the 1-5 process,
By solving these four simultaneous simultaneous equations, n, R in the reference state_Sh, I_L, C₀For n ', R_Sh’、 I_L', C₀'age,
  In the 1-6 process,
R at operating temperature (eg 55 ° C)_S, V_OP, I_OP, I_SC, V_OCN, R in the same procedure as the 1-4 process._Sh, I_L, C₀N ″, R_Sh‘’, I_L‘’, C₀''age,
  In the 1-7 process,
Solar cell temperature (T₂N, R in_Sh, I_L, C₀N ′, R at 25 ° C. determined in the 1-5th treatment process_Sh’、 I_L', C₀′ And the operating temperature n ″, R determined in the first to sixth processing steps._Sh‘’, I_L‘’, C₀It is obtained by temperature interpolation from "", and R_SAlso for the value of 25 ° C the solar cell temperature (T₂) Value,
  In the 1-8 process,
N and R obtained in the 1-7th process_Sh, C₀, R_SAnd solar radiation intensity (E₂I corrected by_LAnd basic constants q, K₀, E_gIs applied again to the basic formula of the solar cell used in the 1-4 process, and several tens of values of I (current) with respect to V (voltage)(V ₂ -I ₂ )Calculate and hold
  In the 1-9 process,
Convert each value of the solar cell module unit held in the first 1-8 process into each value of the solar cell facility capacity, hold it,
In the second process,
1st-9The maximum value of electric power (V * I) is calculated from the value of VI of tens of sets of the solar cell facility capacity held in the process, and this value is calculated as the solar cell power generation amount by time of the solar cell facility. As per month,
  In the third process,
Calculate and hold the amount of power required to shift the monthly power generation amount held in the second processing process backward for a fixed time (1 to 2 hours),
  In the fourth process,
Held in the third processElectric powerWhen storing the amount in the storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge / discharge efficiency and depth of discharge of the storage battery, and calculate the storage battery capacity using the storage battery capacity of the maximum month as the storage battery capacity required for the solar cell equipment It is characterized by being
[0013]
  Claim 7
  In the 1-1 process,
[Monthly average-standard deviation (σ)] solar radiation amount instead of the total daily (horizontal) solar radiation for each month at the solar cell installation pointIs a sine wave with zero solar radiation intensity at sunrise and sunset timesCoincides with the area in the curveCreate a sinusoidal curve and a sinusoidal curve with a period twice that of this curve, create a curve that combines these sinusoidal curves,By this curve, the time by monthHorizontal planeCalculate the solar radiation intensity,
  In the 1-2 process,
After dividing the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 processing process into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation direction of the solar cell installation point・ Installation angle and sun declination are used.Direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surfaceCalculate the strength ofThese lightsIntensity of solar radiation on the solar cell light receiving surface per month (E₂)
  In the 1-3 process,
Solar radiation intensity by time (E₂) And the outside temperature according to the time calculated from the average maximum temperature / minimum temperature per month and the average wind speed per month as explanatory variables.With explained variablesFrom the multiple regression equationOf the solar cellMonthly solar cell temperature by time (T₂)
  on the other hand,In the 1-4 process,
Standard solar cell is in standard condition (intensity of solar radiation 1 kW / m²The characteristic value of the solar cell module when the solar cell temperature is kept at 25 ° C. (I_SC(Short circuit current), I_OP(Optimal current), V_OP(Optimal voltage), V_OC(Open voltage), FF (= (I_OP・ V_OP) / (I_SC・ V_OC)) (Curve factor), V (voltage)-I (current) value is moved so that FF matches the FF of the installed solar cell module, that is, the operating point of maximum output is moved,
  In the 1-5 process,
Maximum output operating point moved in the 1-4th processWith the movement of (along), Move (convert) each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell,
  In the 1-6 process,
Each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell converted in the first to fifth processing steps is converted into the solar cell.Module characteristic values(I_SC, I_OP, V_OP, V_OC) Is converted again to match each operating point (several dozens of sets)V ₁ -I ₁Value)
  In the 1-7 process,
Characteristic values of the installed solar cell module (α (short circuit current temperature coefficient), β (open circuit voltage temperature coefficient), R_S(Series resistance), K (curve correction factor)) and solar radiation intensity (E₂), Solar cell temperature calculated in the 1-3 process (T ₂), And dozens of operating points held in the 1-6 processVoltage-current value (V ₁ -I ₁ )Is converted again byVoltage-current value (V ₂ -I ₂ )Calculate and hold
    I₂= I₁+ I_SC{(E₂/ E₁) -1} + α (T₂-T₁)
    V₂= V₁+ Β (T₂-T₁-R_S(I₂―I₁-KI₂(T₂-T₁)
    (However, E₁, T₁Is the standard solar radiation intensity (1kW / m²), Solar cell temperature (25 ° C))
  In the 1-8 process,
Convert each value in the solar cell module unit held in the 1-7 processing step into each value in the solar cell facility capacity, hold,
In the second process,
The maximum value of electric power (V * I) is calculated from tens of VI values held in the 1-8th process, and this value is used as the solar cell power generation amount by time of the solar cell facility. Hold every
  In the third process,
By subtracting the amount of photovoltaic power generation for each month and time calculated in the second processing step from the demand power for each month and hour of the consumer of the solar cell installation or the consumer of standard power consumption, the midnight time zone (23 By accumulating for time zones other than (hours-7:00)Electricity per day that cannot be covered by photovoltaic power generation due to demand electricity outside midnight hoursIs calculated and retained monthly,
  In the fourth process,
Held in the third processElectric powerWhen storing the amount in the storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge / discharge efficiency and depth of discharge of the storage battery, and calculate the storage battery capacity using the storage battery capacity of the maximum month as the storage battery capacity required for the solar cell equipment It is characterized by being
[0014]
  Claim 8
  In the 1-1 process,
[Monthly average-standard deviation (σ)] solar radiation amount instead of the total daily (horizontal) solar radiation for each month at the solar cell installation pointIs a sine wave with zero solar radiation intensity at sunrise and sunset timesCoincides with the area in the curveCreate a sinusoidal curve and a sinusoidal curve with a period twice that of this curve, create a curve that combines these sinusoidal curves,By this curve, the time by monthHorizontal planeCalculate the solar radiation intensity,
  In the 1-2 process,
After dividing the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 processing process into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation direction of the solar cell installation point・ Installation angle and sun declination are used.Direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surfaceCalculate the strength ofThese lightsIntensity of solar radiation on the solar cell light receiving surface per month (E₂)
  In the 1-3 process,
Solar radiation intensity by time (E₂) And the outside temperature according to the time calculated from the average maximum temperature / minimum temperature per month and the average wind speed per month as explanatory variables.With explained variablesFrom the multiple regression equationOf the solar cellMonthly solar cell temperature by time (T₂)
  On the other hand, in the 1-4 process,
The following basic characteristics of solar cell
    I = I_L-I₀{Exp (q (V + R_SI) / nK₀T) -1}-(V + R_SI) / R_Sh
    I₀= C₀T³exp (-qE_g/ nK₀T)
    (Q: electron charge, K₀Boltzmann constant, n; junction constant; C₀; Saturation current temperature coefficient,
I_L; Photovoltaic current, E_gEnergy gap, R_Sh; Parallel resistance)
And R at the reference temperature (25 ° C.) of the installed solar cell under the four conditions of the short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, each value of the optimum voltage / current and the point of the optimum voltage / current being the maximum power_S(Series resistance) and V in the reference state_OP(Optimal voltage), I_OP(Optimal current), I_SC(Short circuit current), V_OCApply each value of (open voltage), n, R_Sh, I_L, C₀Establish four nonlinear simultaneous equations with unknown as
  In the 1-5 process,
By solving these four simultaneous simultaneous equations, n, R in the reference state_Sh, I_L, C₀For n ', R_Sh’、 I_L', C₀'age,
  In the 1-6 process,
R at operating temperature (eg 55 ° C)_S, V_OP, I_OP, I_SC, V_OCN, R in the same procedure as the 1-4 process._Sh, I_L, C₀N ″, R_Sh‘’, I_L‘’, C₀''age,
  In the 1-7 process,
Solar cell temperature (T₂N, R in_Sh, I_L, C₀N ′, R at 25 ° C. determined in the 1-5th treatment process_Sh’、 I_L', C₀′ And the operating temperature n ″, R determined in the first to sixth processing steps._Sh‘’, I_L‘’, C₀It is obtained by temperature interpolation from "", and R_SAlso for the value of 25 ° C the solar cell temperature (T₂) Value,
  In the 1-8 process,
N and R obtained in the 1-7th process_Sh, C₀, R_SAnd solar radiation intensity (E₂I corrected by_LAnd basic constants q, K₀, E_gIs applied again to the basic formula of the solar cell used in the 1-4 process, and several tens of values of I (current) with respect to V (voltage)(V ₂ -I ₂ )Calculate and hold
  In the 1-9 process,
Convert each value of the solar cell module unit held in the first 1-8 process into each value of the solar cell facility capacity, hold it,
In the second process,
1st-9The maximum value of electric power (V * I) is calculated from the value of VI of tens of sets of the solar cell facility capacity held in the process, and this value is calculated as the solar cell power generation amount by time of the solar cell facility. As per month,
  In the third process,
By subtracting the amount of photovoltaic power generation for each month and time calculated in the second processing step from the demand power for each month and hour of the consumer of the solar cell installation or the consumer of standard power consumption, the midnight time zone (23 By accumulating for time zones other than (hours-7:00)Electricity per day that cannot be covered by photovoltaic power generation due to demand electricity outside midnight hoursIs calculated and retained monthly,

  In the fourth process,
Held in the third processElectric powerWhen storing the amount in the storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge / discharge efficiency and depth of discharge of the storage battery, and calculate the storage battery capacity using the storage battery capacity of the maximum month as the storage battery capacity required for the solar cell equipment It is characterized by being
[0015]
  Claim 9
In a facility in which a storage battery having the capacity of claim 3 is combined with a photovoltaic power generation facility,
In the first process,
The total daily solar radiation (horizontal solar radiation) according to the forecast weather (sunny, cloudy, rainy) according to the time zone weather forecast announced by the weather station ("local time series forecast"), by month and timeReal productOf the horizontal surface radiation amount by weather and time every monthCalculate the average valueExecute and maintain normal value and point correction
  In the second process,
In the first processRetainedThe amount of solar radiation in the horizontal plane is calculated in advance according to the month and time of the installation location of the photovoltaic power generation facility.Inclined surfaceMultiply solar radiation intensity ratio (light receiving surface solar light intensity / horizontal solar light intensity) to calculate solar cell light receiving surface solar light intensity by point, by month, by time, and by solar cell by weather, by point, by month, by time Solar radiation intensity (E₂)
In the third process,
Solar radiation intensity by time (E₂), And a multiple regression equation for calculating the solar cell temperature, using the monthly outside hourly temperature calculated from the average value of the monthly maximum and minimum temperatures at the solar cell installation point and the average wind speed per month as explanatory variables To calculate the solar cell temperature for each month and time, and the solar cell temperature for each weather, point, month, and time (T₂)
  On the other hand, 4-1In the process,
Standard solar cell is in standard condition (intensity of solar radiation 1 kW / m²The characteristic value of the solar cell module when the solar cell temperature is kept at 25 ° C. (I_SC(Short circuit current), I_OP(Optimal current), V_OP(Optimal voltage), V_OC(Open voltage), FF (= (I_OP・ V_OP) / (I_SC・ V_OC)) (Curve factor), V (voltage) -I (current) value is moved so that the FF matches the FF of the installed solar cell module, that is, the operating point of the maximum output is moved,
  First4-2In the process,
First4-1Maximum output operating point moved during processingWith the movement of (along), Move (convert) each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell,
  First4-3In the process,
First4-2Each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell converted in the process is converted into the solar cell.Module characteristic values(I_SC, I_OP, V_OP, V_OC) Holds the operating points (tens of VI values) obtained by converting each operating point again so as to match
  First4-4In the process,
Characteristic values of the installed solar cell module (α (short circuit current temperature coefficient), β (open circuit voltage temperature coefficient), R_S(Series resistance), K (curve correction factor)) and2Solar radiation intensity (E₂), No.3Solar cell temperature calculated during processing (T ₂), And through the 4-3 process,Voltage-current valueConvert again by the following formula, and dozens of pairsVoltage-current value (V ₂ -I ₂ )Are calculated and stored for each time,
    I₂= I₁+ I_SC{(E₂/ E₁) -1} + α (T₂-T₁)
    V₂= V₁+ Β (T₂-T₁-R_S(I₂―I₁-KI₂(T₂-T₁)
    (However, E₁, T₁Is the standard solar radiation intensity (1kW / m²), Solar cell temperature (25 ° C))
  In the 4-5 process,
Convert each value in the solar cell module unit by time held in the 4-4 processing step into each value in the solar cell facility capacity, hold,
In the 4-6 process,
The maximum value of electric power (V * I) is calculated from several tens of VI values held in the 4-5 process, and this value is defined as the time-dependent solar cell power generation amount of the solar cell facility. Furthermore, it keeps every month by time zone,
In the fifth process,
Create and maintain a list of solar cell power generation by location, month, time zone, and weather,
  AndIn the sixth process,
Using the storage battery with the capacity calculated according to claim 3, from the list of predicted power generation that was created in advance in the fifth processing process according to the weather of the next day according to the weather forecast by time zone ("regional time series forecast") announced by the weather station The amount of power generation for each time zone in the morning the next day was calculated, the amount of power demand for each time zone was reduced, and the amount of power generation in the morning was calculated to be subtracted from the storage battery capacity calculated in claim 3. Characterized by the operation method of storage batteries that charge the amount of power late night
[0016]
  Claim 10
Using a solar power generation facility combined with a storage battery having a capacity calculated by the method of claim 7, the storage battery is fully charged every day at midnight,Time zones other than midnightThe power demand according to the time of (7:00 to 23:00) is first covered by photovoltaic power, and the power that cannot be covered is discharged power of the storage battery, and thenFrom the power companyIt is characterized by the operation method of the storage battery supplemented with purchased power
[0017]
  Claim 11
Using a solar power generation facility combined with a storage battery of the capacity calculated by the method of claim 8, the storage battery is fully charged every day at midnight,Time zones other than midnightThe power demand according to the time of (7:00 to 23:00) is first covered by photovoltaic power, and the power that cannot be covered is discharged power of the storage battery, and thenFrom the power companyIt is characterized by the operation method of the storage battery supplemented with purchased power
[0018]
  Claim 12
Using a solar power generation facility combined with a storage battery having a capacity calculated by the method of claim 7, the storage battery is fully charged every day at midnight,Time zones other than midnightDemand power by time (from 7:00 to 23:00)First, storage battery power charged at a low-cost electricity charge late at nightThe electricity that can not be covered by the discharge of solar power, and thenFrom the power companyIt is characterized by the operation method of the storage battery that can improve the economic efficiency of consumers, which can reversely flow (sell power to power companies) more photovoltaic power generation by covering with purchased power.
[0019]
  Claim 13
Using a solar power generation facility combined with a storage battery of the capacity calculated by the method of claim 8, the storage battery is fully charged every day at midnight,Time zones other than midnightDemand power by time (from 7:00 to 23:00)First, storage battery power charged at a low-cost electricity charge late at nightThe electricity that can not be covered by the discharge of solar power, and thenFrom the power companyIt is characterized by the operation method of the storage battery that can improve the economic efficiency of consumers, which can reversely flow (sell power to power companies) more photovoltaic power generation by covering with purchased power.
[0020]
Here by month by timeAverage ofAbout the "Solar Power Generation Simulation Calculation Program", which is the basis of the method for calculating photovoltaic power generationExplain.
1256516874109_0
Is a block diagram of the “photovoltaic power generation simulation calculation program” that has already been developed and used to calculate monthly and annual power generation in various locations (Paper 1 (Iga et al .; “Using IV curve creation method”). Development of photovoltaic power generation simulation calculation program ", D. D, 115 (6), 1995)). The program includes three subprograms (“light-receiving surface solar energy calculation subprogram”, “solar cell module temperature calculation subprogram”, and “solar cell output calculation subprogram”). In the present invention, the solar cell output value (intermediate progress data) or the like is output and utilized by the time (by 30 minutes in actuality) in the “solar cell output calculation subprogram”.AlsoThis program is utilized while improving and correcting as appropriate. In addition, this “solar power generation simulation calculation program” has a function added so that it can be executed by EXCEL VBA so that calculation according to various conditions throughout the country can be efficiently performed.
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a system of “a morning (daylight to 13:00) charge / peak discharge system” of the present invention (a “problem to be solved by the invention”)Claims 1, 2Storage battery capacity calculation (the left part of FIG. 1) and the calculation method of the solar battery power generation amount in the morning of the next day and the midnight storage battery charge amount (equivalent toClaim 9Is a flowchart showing the above. In addition, about other systems (system of b-e)Monthly power generation by time is the same wayCalculated and used.Also,As shown in FIG. 1 and the like, the morning charging time is 13:00 in the morning charging time (system a), and the solar power generation output shift time is 2 hours (system c).These times / times areIt is not a limited value including the systems of b, d, and e, and the time and time zone may be appropriately changed depending on the situation.
[0022]
In calculating the storage battery capacity, the monthly standard deviation was added to the horizontal average daily solar radiation amount so that the solar power generation amount in the morning (from sunrise to 13:00) per month could be handled on most days of the month. Based on the amount of solar radiation ["average + standard deviation (σ)"] (most days can be handled when applying twice the standard deviation, etc.) Determining storage battery capacity based on day valueUsed foring. Intensity of solar radiation by time of month is based on the monthly average daily solar radiation amount and [average daily solar radiation amount per month + standard deviation (σ)] (see Fig. 2) for each time (actually every 30 minutes ... and so on) Is obtained using a composite sine curve (a curve in which sine curves having different periods are combined to approximate the movement of the actual solar radiation intensity (FIG. 5)). And the solar radiation intensity of the light-receiving surface of a solar cell is calculated | required from the horizontal surface solar radiation intensity of each time (FIG. 6). Also, the solar cell temperature at that time is obtained by the following regression equation using solar radiation intensity, outside temperature (calculated from the monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures), and wind speed (including fixed input values).
Y = AX1 + BX2 + CX3 + D ... (1)
Where Y: solar cell temperature (° C), X1: solar radiation intensity (kW / m²), X2: wind speed (m / s), X3: outside air temperature (° C.), A, B, C, D: multiple regression coefficients.
Using the light-receiving surface solar radiation intensity, solar cell temperature, and solar cell characteristics (Isc, Iop, Vop, Voc, α, β, Rs, K) obtained at this time, (FIG. 7) (refer to paper 1). Or “Theoretical I-V curve creation method” (Fig. 8) (Paper 2 (Iga; “I-V curve creation method using voltage-current characteristics in the light irradiation state of solar cells and its utilization”), Calculate the solar cell output at that time according to Academic Theory Vol.116 No.10 (1996)). The solar cell output at each time is integrated to determine the amount of power generation in the morning (from daylight to 13:00) every month, and the amount of power corresponding to the maximum amount of power generation is set as the storage battery capacity. On the other hand, in the “shift photovoltaic power generation (after 2 hours)” system, the shaded area shown in FIG. 10 is the amount of power required to charge the storage battery, for example, from 13:00 to 11:00 It is obtained by subtracting the amount of power generation. The original photovoltaic power generation simulation calculation program was obtained in this way.Accumulate solar power generation by time every monthWe are seeking annual power generation. That is, in the present invention, the value in the calculation process of this program is output and used. (Paper 1,FIG.reference).
[0023]
Regarding the determination of the storage battery capacity, the amount of solar radiation used per month is not an average value so that the amount of solar radiation used is a storage battery capacity that can be handled by the amount of solar power generated on a sunny day (a day with a lot of solar radiation). It is calculated using the amount of solar radiation of [“average + standard deviation (σ)”] (see FIGS. 2 and 3).
The right half of FIG. 1 is a flowchart for obtaining the amount of power for midnight charging the previous day by subtracting the amount of solar cell power generation from the next day's sunrise to 13:00 from the storage battery capacity calculated above. The solar cell power generation in the morning of the following day is the “Regional Time Series Forecast” (S11 in Fig. 1) that is created three times a day (6 o'clock, 12 o'clock, 18 o'clock) at representative weather stations across the country. 16), the total solar radiation (horizontal solar radiation) for the same time as the 3-hour weather forecast data created at 18:00 (S14 in Fig. 1)PerformanceBased on the data, the average value of horizontal solar radiation is calculated for each month, time zone, and weather (sunny, cloudy, rainy) (S15 in FIG. 1), and then the normal value and spot conversion of that value is performed. Here, the average value of horizontal solar radiation for each weather (sunny, cloudy, rainy) at Takamatsu point is obtained.ButThe same procedure can be used. Coefficient determined by the location, month, and time of the horizontal plane solar radiation for each weather thus obtained (ratio of the solar radiation amount on the inclined surface / horizontal solar radiation calculated by the “photovoltaic power generation simulation calculation program” (FIG. 4)) To obtain the average slope solar radiation intensity of each weather for 3 hours (S18 in FIG. 1) (refer to FIG. 6 for the calculation of the slope solar radiation amount from the horizontal solar radiation amount). Inclined solar radiation intensity (amount of solar radiation per hour) and solar cell temperature (similarly, values calculated for each point, month, and time by the “photovoltaic power generation simulation calculation program”) and solar cell characteristic values (Isc, Iop, Vop, Voc, α, β, Rs, K) “Practical IV curve creation method” (Paper 1) or “Theoretical IV curve creation method” (Paper 2 (Iga; Solar cell) I-V curve generation method using voltage-current characteristics in light irradiation state and its utilization ", Electrotechnical Vol.116, No.10, 1996)), and solar cell output for each point, month, weather and time Is obtained (S20 in FIG. 1). Fig. 17 (S21 in Fig. 1) shows the solar cell output (power generation amount) obtained for each location, month, weather, and time zone. Figure 17 shows the amount of power generated in the morning (here, 12:00 to 12:00) in the morning, when it is clear, cloudy, and rainy, and the amount of electricity received in the night (storage battery capacity-amount of electricity generated in the morning) by month. This is shown in FIG. In actual operation, the local time series forecast (Fig. 16) is used, and the storage battery late-night charge is calculated using the solar power generation output (power generation amount) (Fig. 17) every three hours for each point, month, and weather already created. It will be. in this casesameIt is possible to calculate the next day's power generation amount for each individual photovoltaic power generation system at one place, and to calculate the amount of late-night charging, and to control each system using a communication line.
[0024]
  FIG. 2 shows the monthly average value and standard deviation of horizontal solar radiation on each day. Daily horizontal solar radiation for each month is almost normally distributedFrom, When determining the storage battery capacity, it is shown that [[average + standard deviation (σ)]], [[average-standard deviation (σ)]] instead of [average] solar radiation . FIG. 3 shows the hourly photovoltaic power generation amount (July) when the horizontal solar radiation amount is [average] and [“average + standard deviation (σ)”]. FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a photovoltaic power generation simulation calculation program for calculating the monthly and annual photovoltaic power generation (Paper 1). In the present invention, as described above, this program is used for calculating the monthly power generation amount by time. FIG. 5 shows a method of calculating the amount of solar radiation for each time from the daily total horizontal solar radiation amount for each month. FIG. 6 shows a method of calculating the solar cell light-receiving surface solar radiation amount from the horizontal solar radiation amount. FIG. 7 draws a voltage-current curve (referred to as “I-V curve”) from the solar radiation intensity by time, the solar cell temperature, and the solar cell characteristic value in order to calculate the solar cell output (power generation amount) by month and time “Practical IV curve creation method” is shown. (Article 1). Similarly, FIG. 8 shows a method of drawing an IV curve using the basic characteristic formula of a solar cell (Paper 2).
[0025]
  FIG. 9 shows a system in which the emphasis is placed on the load leveling shown in the above problem. The example of the storage battery charge power and the peak discharge power in the case of the “morning (sunday to 13:00) charge / peak discharge” system is shown. FIG. 10 similarly shows b. "Shift photovoltaic power (after 2 hours)" system, that is, the storage battery capacity (shaded area) necessary to shift the solar cell output (after 2 hours). Thus, it can be easily calculated by obtaining the difference. Also in this figure, for calculating the storage battery capacity, the solar radiation amount per month is calculated using [average + σ] instead of the average value. FIG. 11 similarly shows c. It shows the storage battery capacity and discharge energy in the “morning charge / peak discharge” system. FIG. It shows the amount of charge power and the amount of discharge power in the “load leveling by surplus power from solar power generation” system. FIG. 13 shows a measurement example of the average daily solar radiation amount and its standard deviation measured every month in Takamatsu. FIG. 14 shows the amount of power generation in the morning (daylight to 13:00) per solar cell module and the solar cell equipment per 1 kW and 3 kW when the solar radiation amount is an average value and [average + σ] in the case of the system a. Shows an example of calculation results of the required storage battery capacity. Similarly, in the case of the system b, FIG. 15 shows the calculation result of the storage battery capacity required for one solar cell module, 1 kW facility, and 3 kW facility when the solar radiation amount is an average value and [average + σ].ofAn example is shown.
[0026]
FIG. 16 is an example of “regional time series forecast” at 18:00 at the Takamatsu site. In addition to the weather forecast every three hours, forecasts of outside temperature, wind speed, and wind direction are included, but since it is difficult to directly relate to the amount of solar radiation on the next day, only the weather forecast data was used. In addition to this “regional time series forecast”, it is conceivable to use information such as atmospheric pressure fluctuation and humidity in addition to this “regional time series forecast”.,I think this forecast made at each weather station should be the center. But in the future,It is necessary to consider adding other information. In particular, it should be considered to use a fine-grained weather forecast for areas with special terrain. FIG. 17 shows the amount of solar cell power generation in Takamatsu every 3 hours (every hour per part) by month and weather. The figures in this figure are the values per 1 kW of solar cell equipment in the case of a typical single crystal solar cell module (Showa Shell Sekiyu GL136: maximum output 52.36 W at standard time). Such a diagram can be used universally for the system once it is created for each point. FIG. 18 is a diagram for confirming the effect of the operation method using the weather forecast. From this figure, it is expected that the amount of charge power on the previous night will change greatly depending on the weather classification (forecast), and the effect of this operation method will be great. FIG. 19 shows a trial calculation example of the effect by the operation method using the weather forecast. It can be seen that about 20,000 to 40,000 yen a year (3-5 kW equipment) can be expected. FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 are examples using results of actual weather values and results of power generation in order to verify that a reasonable value of power generation can be obtained by the weather forecast. Figure20Is that wayFlow diagramFIG. 21 shows the results, and the results could be verified.
[0027]
FIG. 22 shows the above b. This is an actual example (July) in Takamatsu of the “shift photovoltaic power generation (after 2 hours)” system. FIG. This is a calculation example for each month in the “midnight charge / morning peak discharge + morning charge / peak discharge” system. The charging power in the morning is about 60 to 80% of the solar power generated in the morning. Figure 24One houseThe part where solar power is excluded from the average load curve for each season of the house is covered with diagonal lines. Here, the amount of solar radiation is [average-standard deviation (σ)]. That is, it is a graph showing the amount of photovoltaic power generation ([average] and [average-σ]) and the average demand power amount in January in the above-mentioned “system focusing on customer merit”. When calculating the storage battery capacity, an [average−σ] curve (in some cases, [average−2σ]) is used in order to cope with a day with a small amount of solar radiation. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the storage battery capacity so that the shaded portion becomes the discharge amount of the late-night charging power of the storage battery on this average day (January). FIG. 25 shows the required storage battery capacity calculated from the average curve for each month. The capacity of each month differs from the installed capacity of the solar cell by month, but the storage capacity (discharge depth) that requires the maximum monthly capacity (thick frame) for each solar cell capacityBut70%). Similarly, FIG. 26 shows examples in April (spring) and August (summer). Figures 27 and 28 show the results when the solar cell equipment is 3kW and 5kW, respectively."A system that focuses on customer benefits"The calculation result of various electric energy of is shown. FIG. 29 is a calculation example of the electricity bill paid annually by various systems in the case of FIG. 27 and FIG. 28, and FIG. 30 and FIG. 31 are the results.
[0028]
【effect】
It is generally known that photovoltaic power is useful for power load leveling. In addition, the facility cost of the solar power generation system tends to decrease, and accordingly, the customer merit (improvement of economy) is further increased. On the other hand, recently, the development of storage battery-related technology is remarkable, and its performance improvement and price reduction are progressing. In the present invention, it is shown that by installing a storage battery together with solar power generation facilities in a house, load leveling and improvement of customer merit are further advanced and a great effect is produced. Here, along with <Problem to be Solved by the Invention>, the effects related to each system and operation method are shown.BookIn the invention, since the power generation amount for each time can be calculated in detail as described below, the load leveling effect can be clearly illustrated.
(1) System with emphasis on power load leveling
a. "Morning (Sunday-13:00) Charging / Peak discharge" system
In this system, which charges solar battery power in the morning and discharges it during peak hours, the battery capacity is determined so that it can handle almost even the amount of power generated on the day of the day when there is a lot of solar radiation in the morning, such as the sunny day of each month. ing. Using the storage battery capacity, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, a larger load leveling effect appears in discharging the storage battery charging power amount by solar power generation in a power peak time zone (13 to 17:00, etc.).
b. "Shift photovoltaic power (after 2 hours)" system
Compared with the system a above, the storage battery capacity may be about 1/2 to 1/3, but the peak of the power load Although the effect in the time zone (around 14:00) is relatively small, it gradually increases until around 17:00 (Figure 22).
  c. "Morning charge / peak discharge" system
By charging the storage battery with electric power in the morning off-peak time zone, and particularly discharging in the peak time zone, the load leveling effect is further enhanced. Compared with the system a, the storage battery capacity is reduced and the load leveling effect is further improved (FIG. 11).
d. "Midnight charge / Morning peak discharge + Morning (Sunday-13:00) charging / Peak discharge" system
The system a is intended to further improve the economy (merits) of consumers by charging the storage battery at midnight and discharging it during the daytime, and is also effective in using the storage battery. In other words, in this system, the storage battery is charged and discharged twice a day for effective use of the storage battery, and the customer merit by midnight charge daytime discharge occurs.
  e. "Charging with surplus power from solar power generation" system
As shown in FIG. 12, for the customer side, the electric power that can be covered by the photovoltaic power generation among the electric power consumed in each time period is used as it is to reduce the charge / discharge loss. In addition, for the power side, load leveling is effective with a small storage battery compared to the system a.Be measured.
(2) Storage battery charge / discharge operation method with emphasis on power load leveling
According to the above systems a to e, the storage battery is not used up to its capacity on a day when the amount of solar radiation is relatively small in the morning or the like, which is insufficient from the viewpoint of facility use. Therefore, in this system operation method, the amount of solar power generation charge in the morning in the next day is predicted, and the difference between the storage battery capacity and the amount of power generation in the morning, that is, the empty part of the storage battery is charged in advance at midnight. FIG. 18 is a graph of the forecasted amount of photovoltaic power generation by month and the amount of charged battery charge at night (per 1kW of solar cell equipment). The effect of this method will be described using this figure. In FIG. 18, the forecasts of the amount of power generation in the case of all weather forecasts from sunrise to 13:00 are clear, cloudy, and rainy, and the midnight charge power amount of the storage battery are shown for each month. As described above, for example, when the weather forecast every three hours in the morning is composed of clear and cloudy weather such as clear-cloudy-clear, it exists in the white portion of FIG. From FIG. 18 and the like, the power generation amount (forecast) between sunrise and 13:00 shows a clear difference depending on the weather and the moon, and it can be seen that the difference in the power generation amount due to the weather is large. That is, it shows that a great effect can be expected by changing the charge amount of the storage battery at night for each month and each weather forecast. According to FIG. 19, the electric power that contributes to load leveling is increased by about 60% by this method, and the economic merit of 20 million yen / year to 40,000 yen / year is also generated for consumers. In addition, by charging the storage battery with midnight power, load leveling can be achieved by creating a midnight power load. 20 and 21 show that the effect of this method is certain.
(3) System aimed at improving the economics (merits) of consumers
Fig. 29 shows the calculation process and results of annual electricity bills by various systems. In addition, what was enclosed with the thick line of a figure is the evaluation object in the case of comparison and evaluation. Fig. 30 shows the improvement effect (merit) of the annual economy with respect to general systems (no solar and storage battery facilities) of various systems. Fig. 31 shows the economic effect including the depreciation costs of solar power generation facilities and storage battery facilities.
FIG. 30 shows the following.
    -A system combining a storage battery with solar power generation has a merit if the reverse flow of the storage battery charging power is possible, but in this case, it is an increase of about 6 to 10%. This is because reverse power flow is already possible with solar power generation.Because there isIt is smaller than the case of only the storage battery system.
    -It can be seen that the combination system of solar power generation and storage battery works effectively by the combination with solar battery even if the capacity of the storage battery is considerably smaller than that of the storage battery equipment alone. That is, in a system in which photovoltaic power generation and a storage battery are combined, an effect of the same size as that obtained by combining the effects of installing each of them independently can be obtained. This also has the following advantages.
    -In the combined system of photovoltaic power generation and storage battery, the influence of whether or not reverse power flow is possible is less due to the influence of the combination of photovoltaic power generation. This can be said that the combined system is a realistic system from the current situation where reverse power flow of late-night charging is not recognized.
FIG. 31 shows the following.
    ・ Even if the solar power generation or storage battery alone is less economical, the combination with the storage battery improves the overall economy.
    ・ In the case of only storage battery equipment, the economic improvement considering the storage battery equipment cost greatly depends on whether reverse power flow is possible. In other words, if reverse power flow is possible, an improvement in economy of about 70% can be seen. However, the effect of improving the economic efficiency of a system combining photovoltaic power generation and storage batteries is so great that the price of solar cells decreases, the solar cell equipment becomes larger, and the reverse power flow becomes possible.
As described above, in this system, the capacity of the storage battery to be combined can be greatly reduced (about half) compared to the system of only the storage battery, and this is advantageous in terms of installation, operation, and installation space. And the economic effect increases with the decrease in solar cell price, and it is less affected by the possibility of reverse power flow. In addition, in a combination system with only photovoltaic power generation and a storage battery, if the solar cell price decreases, the merit increases as the scale increases. Furthermore, this combination system is not limited to the improvement of consumer economy,Power companyIt is also greatly linked to load leveling.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flow chart for calculating a storage battery capacity in a “morning charging / discharging at peak” system (a), and a morning solar power generation amount prediction / next day midnight charging electric energy calculation flow diagram on the next day.
[Figure 2]Explains the average value and standard deviation (σ) of monthly average horizontal solar radiation.
[Fig. 3]It is the solar power generation amount by time (July of Takamatsu), and shows the power generation amount when [average] solar radiation amount and [average + σ] solar radiation amount.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic power generation simulation calculation program (see Document 1).
[Figure 5]This is a method of apportioning the total daily solar radiation by time.
[Fig. 6]It is the outline | summary which calculates the light-receiving surface solar radiation amount from horizontal surface solar radiation amount.
[Fig. 7]The contents of power generation amount calculation method I at each time (“practical IV curve creation method”) are shown.
[Fig. 8]The contents of power generation amount calculation method II (“theoretical IV curve creation method”) at each time are shown.
FIG. 9 shows the load leveling effect (July) of the “morning charge / discharge at peak” system.
FIG. 10 shows a necessary storage battery capacity in the case of “shifting photovoltaic power generation after (2 hours)”.
FIG. 11 shows the load leveling effect of the “morning charge / peak discharge” system (August).
FIG. 12 shows the load leveling effect of the “load leveling by surplus power from solar power generation” system (July).
FIG. 13 shows monthly horizontal surface solar radiation and its standard deviation (σ) in the Takamatsu area.
FIG. 14 is a calculation result of a monthly power generation amount and a required storage battery capacity of the “morning charge / discharge at peak” system.
FIG. 15 is a calculation result of a monthly power generation amount and a required storage battery capacity of the “shift photovoltaic power generation after (2 hours)” system.
FIG. 16 is a “regional time series forecast” announced at a weather station.
FIG. 17 is a list of photovoltaic power generation amounts by month, weather, and time zone (Takamatsu area per 1 kW of photovoltaic power generation equipment).
FIG. 18 shows an example of calculating the power generation amount prediction and the storage battery midnight charge amount according to the monthly weather.
FIG. 19 shows the effect when the weather forecast is applied to the “morning charge / discharge at peak” system.
FIG. 20 is a flowchart for confirming the validity of a method for calculating the amount of late-night charging by predicting the amount of photovoltaic power generation the next day using “regional time series forecasting”.
FIG. 21 is a diagram (January) for confirming the validity of the above.
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the load leveling effect (July) of the “shift photovoltaic power generation after (2 hours)” system;(When charging / discharging efficiency is considered).
FIG. 23 is a calculation result of a required storage battery capacity and the like for each month of the “midnight charge / discharge in the morning peak” system.
FIG. 24 is an example of a storage battery capacity calculation method (winter season: January) in the customer merit priority system.
FIG. 25 shows an example of a calculation result of a storage battery capacity required for a system that preferentially covers power demand for consumers by photovoltaic power generation.
FIG. 26 is a relationship diagram between monthly photovoltaic power generation amount and demand electric energy amount (April, August).
FIG. 27 shows various amounts of electric power (photovoltaic power generation equipment 3 kW) for the day total and month total for each month.
FIG. 28 shows various amounts of electric power (photovoltaic power generation facility 5 kW) for the total of the day by month and the total of the month.
FIG. 29 shows the process of calculating the electricity bill paid annually by various systems.
[Fig. 30] Example of trial calculation of reduction of electricity bill payment for various systems with respect to general system (when not considering solar power generation / storage battery equipment costs) (storage battery priority operation)
[Fig.31] Example of trial calculation of reduction of electricity bill payment for various systems with respect to general system (when considering facility costs such as photovoltaic power generation and storage battery)(Solar power generation priority operation)

Claims

In the 1-1 process,
A sine wave curve in which the solar radiation intensity of [monthly average + standard deviation (σ)] is replaced with the solar radiation intensity of the daylight / sunset time in place of the total daily (horizontal) solar radiation for each month at the solar cell installation point. sinusoidal curve matches the area of the inner, and to create a sine wave curve of twice the period of the curve, these sinusoidal curves to create the synthesized curve, the month every time another horizontal plane solar irradiance by this curve Calculate
In the 1-2 process,
After the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 process is separated into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation orientation of the solar cell installation point・ Calculate the intensity of direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surface using the installation angle of inclination and solar declination, and combine these lights to calculate the solar radiation intensity (E ₂ ) for each month of the solar cell light receiving surface. And
In the 1-3 process,
Explain the solar radiation intensity by time (E ₂ ) calculated in the 1-2 process, the monthly outside temperature calculated from the monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures at the solar cell installation point, and the monthly average wind speed. the solar cell temperature from the multiple regression equation to the dependent variable as a variable to calculate the solar month per hourly solar battery temperature (T _2),
On the other hand, in the 1-4 process,
Characteristics of solar cell modules when standard solar cells are kept in the standard state (intensity of solar radiation 1 kW / m ² , solar cell temperature 25 ° C.) (I _SC (short circuit current), I _OP (optimum current), V _OP (optimum current) Voltage), V _OC (open voltage), FF (= (I _OP · V _OP ) / (I _SC · V _OC )) (curve factor), V is set to match the FF of the installed solar cell module. (Voltage)-Move I (current) value, that is, move the maximum output operating point,
In the 1-5 process,
1-4 process with the movement of the maximum output operation point moves in (along), move the operating point of the standard solar cell (the value of tens sets of V-I) (conversion),
In the 1-6 process,
Each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell converted in the first to fifth processing _steps matches the characteristic values (I _SC , I _OP , V _OP , V _OC ) of the solar cell module. Hold the operating points (tens of V ₁ -I ₁ values) obtained by converting each operating point again,
In the 1-7 process,
The characteristic values (α (short-circuit current temperature coefficient), β (open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient), R _S (series resistance), K (curve correction factor)) of the installed solar cell module, and the first to second processing steps were calculated. Using the solar radiation intensity (E ₂ ) and the solar cell temperature ( T ₂ ) calculated in the 1-3 process, the voltage-current values (V) of the tens of operating points held in the 1-6 process ₁ −I ₁ ) is converted again by the following equation, and several tens of sets of voltage-current values (V ₂ −I ₂ ) are calculated and held,
I ₂ = I ₁ + I _SC {(E ₂ / E ₁ ) −1} + α (T ₂ −T ₁ )
V ₂ = V ₁ + β (T ₂ −T ₁ ) −R _S (I ₂ −I ₁ ) −K · I ₂ (T ₂ −T ₁ )
(However, E ₁ and T ₁ are the standard solar radiation intensity (1 kW / m ² ), solar cell temperature (25 ° C.))
In the 1-8 process,
Convert each value in the solar cell module unit held in the 1-7 processing step into each value in the solar cell facility capacity, hold,
In the second process,
The maximum value of electric power (V * I) is calculated from tens of VI values held in the 1-8th process, and this value is used as the solar cell power generation amount by time of the solar cell facility. Hold every
In the third process,
Accumulate the amount of power generated by the time of the month held in the second treatment process for the off-peak time zone (from daylight to 13:00, etc.) and hold it as the amount of power per day in the monthly off-peak time zone of the solar cell equipment ,
In the fourth process,
When storing electric energy monthly held in the third treatment step in the storage battery, and calculates the required battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge and discharge efficiency, discharge depth of the storage battery, the storage battery capacity of up to a month photovoltaic facilities To calculate the storage battery capacity required for storage

In the 1-1 process,
A sine wave curve in which the solar radiation intensity of [monthly average + standard deviation (σ)] is replaced with the solar radiation intensity of the daylight / sunset time in place of the total daily (horizontal) solar radiation for each month at the solar cell installation point. sinusoidal curve matches the area of the inner, and to create a sine wave curve of twice the period of the curve, these sinusoidal curves to create the synthesized curve, the month every time another horizontal plane solar irradiance by this curve Calculate
In the 1-2 process,
After the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 process is separated into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation orientation of the solar cell installation point・ Calculate the intensity of direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surface using the installation angle of inclination and solar declination, and combine these lights to calculate the solar radiation intensity (E ₂ ) for each month of the solar cell light receiving surface. And
In the 1-3 process,
Explain the solar radiation intensity by time (E ₂ ) calculated in the 1-2 process, the monthly outside temperature calculated from the monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures at the solar cell installation point, and the monthly average wind speed. the solar cell temperature from the multiple regression equation to the dependent variable as a variable to calculate the solar month per hourly solar battery temperature (T _2),
On the other hand, in the 1-4 process,
The following solar cell basic characteristic formula I = I _L −I ₀ {exp (q (V + R _S I) / nK ₀ T) −1} − (V + R _S I) / R _Sh
I ₀ = C ₀ T ³ exp (−qE _g / nK ₀ T)
(Q: electron charge, K ₀ ; Boltzmann constant, n: junction constant; C ₀ ; saturation current temperature coefficient,
I _L ; Photocurrent, E _g ; Energy gap, R _Sh ; Parallel resistance)
And R _{S at} the reference temperature (25 ° C.) of the installed solar cell under the four conditions of the short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, each value of the optimum voltage / current and the point of the optimum voltage / current is the maximum power. Resistance) and V _OP (optimum voltage), I _OP (optimum current), I _SC (short circuit current), and V _OC (open voltage) in the reference state are applied, and n, R _Sh , I _L , C Build four nonlinear simultaneous equations with ₀ as an unknown,
In the 1-5 process,
By solving this four nonlinear simultaneous equations, _n in the reference state, R _Sh, n obtains the _{_{I L, C 0 ', R}} Sh', I L ', C 0' and,
In the 1-6 process,
Using R _S , V _OP , I _OP , I _SC , and V _OC at the operating temperature (for example, 55 ° C.), n, R _Sh , I _L , and C ₀ are obtained by the same procedure as the first to fourth processing steps, and n '', R _Sh '', I _L '', C ₀ '',
In the 1-7 process,
N ′, R _Sh , I _L , and C ₀ at the solar cell temperature (T ₂ ) in the first to third processing steps were determined at 25 ° C. n ′, R _Sh ′ and I _L ′, determined in the first to fifth processing _steps , It is obtained by temperature interpolation from C ₀ ′ and operating temperatures n ″, R _Sh ″, I _L ″, C ₀ ″ obtained in the 1st-6th process, and R _S is also set to 25 ° C. Correct to the solar cell temperature (T ₂ ) value,
In the 1-8 process,
_N obtained in 1-7 _process, R Sh, C 0, _I was corrected by _{R S} and irradiance _{(E 2)} _L and basic constants _q, the _K 0, E _g, at 1-4 process Apply again to the solar cell basic equation used, calculate and hold dozens of values (V ₂ -I ₂ ) of I (current) against V (voltage),
In the 1-9 process,
Convert each value of the solar cell module unit held in the first 1-8 process into each value of the solar cell facility capacity, hold it,
In the second process,
Calculates the maximum value of the power (V * I) from the value of tens sets of V-I of the solar cell installed capacity held in the first-9 process, by time the value of the solar cell facilities We hold monthly as the amount of solar cell power generation,
In the third process,
Accumulate the amount of power generated by the time of the month held in the second treatment process for the off-peak time zone (from daylight to 13:00, etc.) and hold it as the amount of power per day in the monthly off-peak time zone of the solar cell equipment ,
In the fourth process,
When storing the amount of power held in the third treatment process in the storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge / discharge efficiency and discharge depth of the storage battery, and the storage battery capacity of the maximum month is required for the solar cell equipment To calculate the storage battery capacity

In the 1-1 process,
A sine wave curve in which the solar radiation intensity of [monthly average + standard deviation (σ)] is replaced with the solar radiation intensity of the daylight / sunset time in place of the total daily (horizontal) solar radiation for each month at the solar cell installation point. sinusoidal curve matches the area of the inner, and to create a sine wave curve of twice the period of the curve, these sinusoidal curves to create the synthesized curve, the month every time another horizontal plane solar irradiance by this curve Calculate
In the 1-2 process,
After the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 process is separated into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation orientation of the solar cell installation point・ Calculate the intensity of direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surface using the installation angle of inclination and solar declination, and combine these lights to calculate the solar radiation intensity (E ₂ ) for each month of the solar cell light receiving surface. And
In the 1-3 process,
Explain the solar radiation intensity by time (E ₂ ) calculated in the 1-2 process, the monthly outside temperature calculated from the monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures at the solar cell installation point, and the monthly average wind speed. the solar cell temperature from the multiple regression equation to the dependent variable as a variable to calculate the solar month per hourly solar battery temperature (T _2),
On the other hand, in the 1-4 process,
Characteristics of solar cell modules when standard solar cells are kept in the standard state (intensity of solar radiation 1 kW / m ² , solar cell temperature 25 ° C.) (I _SC (short circuit current), I _OP (optimum current), V _OP (optimum current) Voltage), V _OC (open voltage), FF (= (I _OP · V _OP ) / (I _SC · V _OC )) (curve factor), V is set to match the FF of the installed solar cell module. (Voltage)-Move I (current) value, that is, move the maximum output operating point,
In the 1-5 process,
1-4 process with the movement of the maximum output operation point moves in (along), move the operating point of the standard solar cell (the value of tens sets of V-I) (conversion),
In the 1-6 process,
Each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell converted in the first to fifth processing _steps matches the characteristic values (I _SC , I _OP , V _OP , V _OC ) of the solar cell module. Hold the operating points (tens of V ₁ -I ₁ values) obtained by converting each operating point again,
In the 1-7 process,
The characteristic values (α (short-circuit current temperature coefficient), β (open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient), R _S (series resistance), K (curve correction factor)) of the installed solar cell module, and the first to second processing steps were calculated. Using the solar radiation intensity (E ₂ ) and the solar cell temperature ( T ₂ ) calculated in the 1-3 process, the voltage-current values (V) of the tens of operating points held in the 1-6 process ₁ −I ₁ ) is converted again by the following equation, and several tens of sets of voltage-current values (V ₂ −I ₂ ) are calculated and held,
I ₂ = I ₁ + I _SC {(E ₂ / E ₁ ) −1} + α (T ₂ −T ₁ )
V ₂ = V ₁ + β (T ₂ −T ₁ ) −R _S (I ₂ −I ₁ ) −K · I ₂ (T ₂ −T ₁ )
(However, E ₁ and T ₁ are the standard solar radiation intensity (1 kW / m ² ), solar cell temperature (25 ° C.))
In the 1-8 process,
Convert each value in the solar cell module unit held in the 1-7 processing step into each value in the solar cell facility capacity, hold,
In the second process,
The maximum value of electric power (V * I) is calculated from tens of VI values held in the 1-8th process, and this value is used as the solar cell power generation amount by time of the solar cell facility. Hold every
In the third process,
The amount of electric power obtained by subtracting the amount of electricity consumed (demand) for each hour from the monthly power generation amount held in the second process is integrated for the off-peak hours (such as Hinode to 13:00), and the monthly off-peak hours As the amount of power of the solar cell facility,
In the fourth process,
When storing the amount of power held in the third treatment process in the storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge / discharge efficiency and discharge depth of the storage battery, and the storage battery capacity of the maximum month is required for the solar cell equipment To calculate the storage battery capacity

In the 1-1 process,
A sine wave curve in which the solar radiation intensity of [monthly average + standard deviation (σ)] is replaced with the solar radiation intensity of the daylight / sunset time in place of the total daily (horizontal) solar radiation for each month at the solar cell installation point. sinusoidal curve matches the area of the inner, and to create a sine wave curve of twice the period of the curve, these sinusoidal curves to create the synthesized curve, the month every time another horizontal plane solar irradiance by this curve Calculate
In the 1-2 process,
After the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 process is separated into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation orientation of the solar cell installation point・ Calculate the intensity of direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surface using the installation angle of inclination and solar declination, and combine these lights to calculate the solar radiation intensity (E ₂ ) for each month of the solar cell light receiving surface. And
In the 1-3 process,
Explain the solar radiation intensity by time (E ₂ ) calculated in the 1-2 process, the monthly outside temperature calculated from the monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures at the solar cell installation point, and the monthly average wind speed. the solar cell temperature from the multiple regression equation to the dependent variable as a variable to calculate the solar month per hourly solar battery temperature (T _2),
On the other hand, in the 1-4 process,
The following solar cell basic characteristic formula I = I _L −I ₀ {exp (q (V + R _S I) / nK ₀ T) −1} − (V + R _S I) / R _Sh
I ₀ = C ₀ T ³ exp (−qE _g / nK ₀ T)
(Q: electron charge, K ₀ ; Boltzmann constant, n: junction constant; C ₀ ; saturation current temperature coefficient,
I _L ; Photocurrent, E _g ; Energy gap, R _Sh ; Parallel resistance)
And R _{S at} the reference temperature (25 ° C.) of the installed solar cell under the four conditions of the short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, each value of the optimum voltage / current and the point of the optimum voltage / current is the maximum power. Resistance) and V _OP (optimum voltage), I _OP (optimum current), I _SC (short circuit current), and V _OC (open voltage) in the reference state are applied, and n, R _Sh , I _L , C Build four nonlinear simultaneous equations with ₀ as an unknown,
In the 1-5 process,
By solving this four nonlinear simultaneous equations, _n in the reference state, R _Sh, n obtains the _{_{I L, C 0 ', R}} Sh', I L ', C 0' and,
In the 1-6 process,
Using R _S , V _OP , I _OP , I _SC , and V _OC at the operating temperature (for example, 55 ° C.), n, R _Sh , I _L , and C ₀ are obtained by the same procedure as the first to fourth processing steps, and n '', R _Sh '', I _L '', C ₀ '',
In the 1-7 process,
N ′, R _Sh , I _L , and C ₀ at the solar cell temperature (T ₂ ) in the first to third processing steps were determined at 25 ° C. n ′, R _Sh ′ and I _L ′, determined in the first to fifth processing _steps , It is obtained by temperature interpolation from C ₀ ′ and operating temperatures n ″, R _Sh ″, I _L ″, C ₀ ″ obtained in the 1st-6th process, and R _S is also set to 25 ° C. Correct to the solar cell temperature (T ₂ ) value,
In the 1-8 process,
_N obtained in 1-7 _process, R Sh, C 0, _I was corrected by _{R S} and irradiance _{(E 2)} _L and basic constants _q, the _K 0, E _g, at 1-4 process Apply again to the solar cell basic equation used, calculate and hold dozens of values (V ₂ -I ₂ ) of I (current) against V (voltage),
In the 1-9 process,
Convert each value of the solar cell module unit held in the first 1-8 process into each value of the solar cell facility capacity, hold it,
In the second process,
Calculates the maximum value of the power (V * I) from the value of tens sets of V-I of the solar cell installed capacity held in the first-9 process, by time the value of the solar cell facilities We hold monthly as the amount of solar cell power generation,
In the third process,
The amount of electric power obtained by subtracting the amount of electricity consumed (demand) for each hour from the monthly power generation amount held in the second process is integrated for the off-peak hours (such as Hinode to 13:00), and the monthly off-peak hours As the amount of power of the solar cell facility,
In the fourth process,
When storing the amount of power held in the third treatment process in the storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge / discharge efficiency and discharge depth of the storage battery, and the storage battery capacity of the maximum month is required for the solar cell equipment To calculate the storage battery capacity

In the 1-1 process,
A sine wave curve in which the solar radiation intensity of [monthly average + standard deviation (σ)] is replaced with the solar radiation intensity of the daylight / sunset time in place of the total daily (horizontal) solar radiation for each month at the solar cell installation point. sinusoidal curve matches the area of the inner, and to create a sine wave curve of twice the period of the curve, these sinusoidal curves to create the synthesized curve, the month every time another horizontal plane solar irradiance by this curve Calculate
In the 1-2 process,
After the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 process is separated into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation orientation of the solar cell installation point・ Calculate the intensity of direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surface using the installation angle of inclination and solar declination, and combine these lights to calculate the solar radiation intensity (E ₂ ) for each month of the solar cell light receiving surface. And
In the 1-3 process,
Explain the solar radiation intensity by time (E ₂ ) calculated in the 1-2 process, the monthly outside temperature calculated from the monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures at the solar cell installation point, and the monthly average wind speed. the solar cell temperature from the multiple regression equation to the dependent variable as a variable to calculate the solar month per hourly solar battery temperature (T _2),
On the other hand, in the 1-4 process,
Characteristics of solar cell modules when standard solar cells are kept in the standard state (intensity of solar radiation 1 kW / m ² , solar cell temperature 25 ° C.) (I _SC (short circuit current), I _OP (optimum current), V _OP (optimum current) Voltage), V _OC (open voltage), FF (= (I _OP · V _OP ) / (I _SC · V _OC )) (curve factor), V is set to match the FF of the installed solar cell module. (Voltage)-Move I (current) value, that is, move the maximum output operating point,
In the 1-5 process,
1-4 process with the movement of the maximum output operation point moves in (along), move the operating point of the standard solar cell (the value of tens sets of V-I) (conversion),
In the 1-6 process,
Each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell converted in the first to fifth processing _steps matches the characteristic values (I _SC , I _OP , V _OP , V _OC ) of the solar cell module. Hold the operating points (tens of V ₁ -I ₁ values) obtained by converting each operating point again,
In the 1-7 process,
The characteristic values (α (short-circuit current temperature coefficient), β (open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient), R _S (series resistance), K (curve correction factor)) of the installed solar cell module, and the first to second processing steps were calculated. Using the solar radiation intensity (E ₂ ) and the solar cell temperature ( T ₂ ) calculated in the 1-3 process, the voltage-current values (V) of the tens of operating points held in the 1-6 process ₁ −I ₁ ) is converted again by the following equation, and several tens of sets of voltage-current values (V ₂ −I ₂ ) are calculated and held,
I ₂ = I ₁ + I _SC {(E ₂ / E ₁ ) −1} + α (T ₂ −T ₁ )
V ₂ = V ₁ + β (T ₂ −T ₁ ) −R _S (I ₂ −I ₁ ) −K · I ₂ (T ₂ −T ₁ )
(However, E ₁ and T ₁ are the standard solar radiation intensity (1 kW / m ² ), solar cell temperature (25 ° C.))
In the 1-8 process,
Convert each value in the solar cell module unit held in the 1-7 processing step into each value in the solar cell facility capacity, hold,
In the second process,
The maximum value of electric power (V * I) is calculated from tens of VI values held in the 1-8th process, and this value is used as the solar cell power generation amount by time of the solar cell facility. Hold every
In the third process,
Calculate and hold the amount of power required to shift the monthly power generation amount held in the second process to a time zone that is a certain time (1-2 hours) later,
In the fourth process,
When storing the amount of power held in the third treatment process in the storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge / discharge efficiency and discharge depth of the storage battery, and the storage battery capacity of the maximum month is required for the solar cell equipment To calculate the storage battery capacity

In the 1-1 process,
A sine wave curve in which the solar radiation intensity of [monthly average + standard deviation (σ)] is replaced with the solar radiation intensity of the daylight / sunset time in place of the total daily (horizontal) solar radiation for each month at the solar cell installation point. sinusoidal curve matches the area of the inner, and to create a sine wave curve of twice the period of the curve, these sinusoidal curves to create the synthesized curve, the month every time another horizontal plane solar irradiance by this curve Calculate
In the 1-2 process,
After the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 process is separated into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation orientation of the solar cell installation point・ Calculate the intensity of direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surface using the installation angle of inclination and solar declination, and combine these lights to calculate the solar radiation intensity (E ₂ ) for each month of the solar cell light receiving surface. And
In the 1-3 process,
Explain the solar radiation intensity by time (E ₂ ) calculated in the 1-2 process, the monthly outside temperature calculated from the monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures at the solar cell installation point, and the monthly average wind speed. the solar cell temperature from the multiple regression equation to the dependent variable as a variable to calculate the solar month per hourly solar battery temperature (T _2),
On the other hand, in the 1-4 process,
The following solar cell basic characteristic formula I = I _L −I ₀ {exp (q (V + R _S I) / nK ₀ T) −1} − (V + R _S I) / R _Sh
I ₀ = C ₀ T ³ exp (−qE _g / nK ₀ T)
(Q: electron charge, K ₀ ; Boltzmann constant, n: junction constant; C ₀ ; saturation current temperature coefficient,
I _L ; Photocurrent, E _g ; Energy gap, R _Sh ; Parallel resistance)
And R _{S at} the reference temperature (25 ° C.) of the installed solar cell under the four conditions of the short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, each value of the optimum voltage / current and the point of the optimum voltage / current is the maximum power. Resistance) and V _OP (optimum voltage), I _OP (optimum current), I _SC (short circuit current), and V _OC (open voltage) in the reference state are applied, and n, R _Sh , I _L , C Build four nonlinear simultaneous equations with ₀ as an unknown,
In the 1-5 process,
By solving this four nonlinear simultaneous equations, _n in the reference state, R _Sh, n obtains the _{_{I L, C 0 ', R}} Sh', I L ', C 0' and,
In the 1-6 process,
Using R _S , V _OP , I _OP , I _SC , and V _OC at the operating temperature (for example, 55 ° C.), n, R _Sh , I _L , and C ₀ are obtained by the same procedure as the first to fourth processing steps, and n '', R _Sh '', I _L '', C ₀ '',
In the 1-7 process,
N ′, R _Sh , I _L , and C ₀ at the solar cell temperature (T ₂ ) in the first to third processing steps were determined at 25 ° C. n ′, R _Sh ′ and I _L ′, determined in the first to fifth processing _steps , It is obtained by temperature interpolation from C ₀ ′ and operating temperatures n ″, R _Sh ″, I _L ″, C ₀ ″ obtained in the 1st-6th process, and R _S is also set to 25 ° C. Correct to the solar cell temperature (T ₂ ) value,
In the 1-8 process,
_N obtained in 1-7 _process, R Sh, C 0, _I was corrected by _{R S} and irradiance _{(E 2)} _L and basic constants _q, the _K 0, E _g, at 1-4 process Apply again to the solar cell basic equation used, calculate and hold dozens of values (V ₂ -I ₂ ) of I (current) against V (voltage),
In the 1-9 process,
Convert each value of the solar cell module unit held in the first 1-8 process into each value of the solar cell facility capacity, hold it,
In the second process,
Calculates the maximum value of the power (V * I) from the value of tens sets of V-I of the solar cell installed capacity held in the first-9 process, by time the value of the solar cell facilities We hold monthly as the amount of solar cell power generation,
In the third process,
Calculate and hold the amount of power required to shift the monthly power generation amount held in the second processing process backward for a fixed time (1-2 hours),
In the fourth process,
When storing the amount of power held in the third treatment process in the storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge / discharge efficiency and discharge depth of the storage battery, and the storage battery capacity of the maximum month is required for the solar cell equipment To calculate the storage battery capacity

In the 1-1 process,
A sine wave curve in which the solar radiation intensity of [month average-standard deviation (σ)] is replaced with the total daily (horizontal) solar radiation amount per month at the solar cell installation point , and the solar radiation intensity at the time of sunrise and sunset is zero sinusoidal curve matches the area of the inner, and to create a sine wave curve of twice the period of the curve, these sinusoidal curves to create the synthesized curve, the month every time another horizontal plane solar irradiance by this curve Calculate
In the 1-2 process,
After the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 process is separated into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation orientation of the solar cell installation point・ Calculate the intensity of direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surface using the installation angle of inclination and solar declination, and combine these lights to calculate the solar radiation intensity (E ₂ ) for each month of the solar cell light receiving surface. And
In the 1-3 process,
Explain the solar radiation intensity by time (E ₂ ) calculated in the 1-2 process, the monthly outside temperature calculated from the monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures at the solar cell installation point, and the monthly average wind speed. the solar cell temperature from the multiple regression equation to the dependent variable as a variable to calculate the solar month per hourly solar battery temperature (T _2),
On the other hand, in the 1-4 process,
Characteristics of solar cell modules when standard solar cells are kept in the standard state (intensity of solar radiation 1 kW / m ² , solar cell temperature 25 ° C.) (I _SC (short circuit current), I _OP (optimum current), V _OP (optimum current) Voltage), V _OC (open voltage), FF (= (I _OP · V _OP ) / (I _SC · V _OC )) (curve factor), V is set to match the FF of the installed solar cell module. (Voltage)-Move I (current) value, that is, move the maximum output operating point,
In the 1-5 process,
1-4 process with the movement of the maximum output operation point moves in (along), move the operating point of the standard solar cell (the value of tens sets of V-I) (conversion),
In the 1-6 process,
Each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell converted in the first to fifth processing _steps matches the characteristic values (I _SC , I _OP , V _OP , V _OC ) of the solar cell module. Hold the operating points (tens of V ₁ -I ₁ values) obtained by converting each operating point again,
In the 1-7 process,
The characteristic values (α (short-circuit current temperature coefficient), β (open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient), R _S (series resistance), K (curve correction factor)) of the installed solar cell module, and the first to second processing steps were calculated. Using the solar radiation intensity (E ₂ ) and the solar cell temperature ( T ₂ ) calculated in the 1-3 process, the voltage-current values (V) of the tens of operating points held in the 1-6 process ₁ −I ₁ ) is converted again by the following equation, and several tens of sets of voltage-current values (V ₂ −I ₂ ) are calculated and held,
I ₂ = I ₁ + I _SC {(E ₂ / E ₁ ) −1} + α (T ₂ −T ₁ )
V ₂ = V ₁ + β (T ₂ −T ₁ ) −R _S (I ₂ −I ₁ ) −K · I ₂ (T ₂ −T ₁ )
(However, E ₁ and T ₁ are the standard solar radiation intensity (1 kW / m ² ), solar cell temperature (25 ° C.))
In the 1-8 process,
Convert each value in the solar cell module unit held in the 1-7 processing step into each value in the solar cell facility capacity, hold,
In the second process,
The maximum value of electric power (V * I) is calculated from tens of VI values held in the 1-8th process, and this value is used as the solar cell power generation amount by time of the solar cell facility. Hold every
In the third process,
By subtracting the amount of photovoltaic power generation for each month and time calculated in the second processing step from the demand power for each hour of the consumer of the solar cell installation or the standard power consumption, the midnight time zone (23 By calculating for hours other than 7:00 to 7:00), we calculate the amount of power per day that cannot be covered by solar power with the amount of power demand outside of midnight hours , and keep it monthly.
In the fourth process,
When storing the amount of power held in the third treatment process in the storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge / discharge efficiency and discharge depth of the storage battery, and the storage battery capacity of the maximum month is required for the solar cell equipment To calculate the storage battery capacity

In the 1-1 process,
A sine wave curve in which the solar radiation intensity of [month average-standard deviation (σ)] is replaced with the total daily (horizontal) solar radiation amount per month at the solar cell installation point , and the solar radiation intensity at the time of sunrise and sunset is zero sinusoidal curve matches the area of the inner, and to create a sine wave curve of twice the period of the curve, these sinusoidal curves to create the synthesized curve, the month every time another horizontal plane solar irradiance by this curve Calculate
In the 1-2 process,
After the horizontal solar radiation intensity for each time calculated in the 1-1 process is separated into direct light and scattered light according to the monthly average direct distribution ratio of the solar cell installation point, the latitude and installation orientation of the solar cell installation point・ Calculate the intensity of direct light and scattered light on the light receiving surface using the installation angle of inclination and solar declination, and combine these lights to calculate the solar radiation intensity (E ₂ ) for each month of the solar cell light receiving surface. And
In the 1-3 process,
Explain the solar radiation intensity by time (E ₂ ) calculated in the 1-2 process, the monthly outside temperature calculated from the monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures at the solar cell installation point, and the monthly average wind speed. the solar cell temperature from the multiple regression equation to the dependent variable as a variable to calculate the solar month per hourly solar battery temperature (T _2),
On the other hand, in the 1-4 process,
The following solar cell basic characteristic formula I = I _L −I ₀ {exp (q (V + R _S I) / nK ₀ T) −1} − (V + R _S I) / R _Sh
I ₀ = C ₀ T ³ exp (−qE _g / nK ₀ T)
(Q: electron charge, K ₀ ; Boltzmann constant, n: junction constant; C ₀ ; saturation current temperature coefficient,
I _L ; Photocurrent, E _g ; Energy gap, R _Sh ; Parallel resistance)
And R _{S at} the reference temperature (25 ° C.) of the installed solar cell under the four conditions of the short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, each value of the optimum voltage / current and the point of the optimum voltage / current is the maximum power. Resistance) and V _OP (optimum voltage), I _OP (optimum current), I _SC (short circuit current), and V _OC (open voltage) in the reference state are applied, and n, R _Sh , I _L , C Build four nonlinear simultaneous equations with ₀ as an unknown,
In the 1-5 process,
By solving this four nonlinear simultaneous equations, _n in the reference state, R _Sh, n obtains the _{_{I L, C 0 ', R}} Sh', I L ', C 0' and,
In the 1-6 process,
Using R _S , V _OP , I _OP , I _SC , and V _OC at the operating temperature (for example, 55 ° C.), n, R _Sh , I _L , and C ₀ are obtained by the same procedure as the first to fourth processing steps, and n '', R _Sh '', I _L '', C ₀ '',
In the 1-7 process,
N ′, R _Sh , I _L , and C ₀ at the solar cell temperature (T ₂ ) in the first to third processing steps were determined at 25 ° C. n ′, R _Sh ′ and I _L ′, determined in the first to fifth processing _steps , It is obtained by temperature interpolation from C ₀ ′ and operating temperatures n ″, R _Sh ″, I _L ″, C ₀ ″ obtained in the 1st-6th process, and R _S is also set to 25 ° C. Correct to the solar cell temperature (T ₂ ) value,
In the 1-8 process,
_N obtained in 1-7 _process, R Sh, C 0, _I was corrected by _{R S} and irradiance _{(E 2)} _L and basic constants _q, the _K 0, E _g, at 1-4 process Apply again to the solar cell basic equation used, calculate and hold dozens of values (V ₂ -I ₂ ) of I (current) against V (voltage),
In the 1-9 process,
Convert each value of the solar cell module unit held in the first 1-8 process into each value of the solar cell facility capacity, hold it,
In the second process,
Calculates the maximum value of the power (V * I) from the value of tens sets of V-I of the solar cell installed capacity held in the first-9 process, by time the value of the solar cell facilities We hold monthly as the amount of solar cell power generation,
In the third process,
By subtracting the amount of photovoltaic power generation for each month and time calculated in the second processing step from the demand power for each hour of the consumer of the solar cell installation or the standard power consumption, the midnight time zone (23 By calculating for hours other than 7:00 to 7:00), we calculate the amount of power per day that cannot be covered by solar power with the amount of power demand outside of midnight hours , and keep it monthly.

In the fourth process,
When storing the amount of power held in the third treatment process in the storage battery, calculate the required storage battery capacity in consideration of the DC charge / discharge efficiency and discharge depth of the storage battery, and the storage battery capacity of the maximum month is required for the solar cell equipment To calculate the storage battery capacity

In the facility in which the storage battery having the capacity of claim 3 is combined with the photovoltaic power generation facility,
In the first process,
Obtain the actual product value of total solar radiation (horizontal solar radiation) by forecast weather (sunny, cloudy, rainy), by month / time, according to the weather forecast by time zone (“local time series forecast”) announced by the weather station, The average value of horizontal solar radiation by weather and time is calculated for each month, and the normal value and point correction are performed and retained. In the second process,
Multiply the horizontal solar radiation amount stored in the first treatment process by the pre-calculated slope solar radiation intensity ratio (light-receiving surface solar radiation intensity / horizontal solar radiation intensity) for each month and time of the installation location of the photovoltaic power generation facility, Calculate the solar radiation intensity of the solar cell light-receiving surface by location, month, and time, and calculate and hold the solar radiation intensity (E ₂ ) of the solar cell light-receiving surface by weather, location, month, and time,
In the third process,
The daily solar radiation intensity (E ₂ ) calculated in the second process, the monthly outside temperature calculated from the average of the monthly maximum and minimum temperatures at the solar cell installation point, and the monthly average wind speed Calculate solar cell temperature by time by month, and calculate solar cell temperature (T ₂ ) by weather, location, month, and time by multiple regression equation to calculate solar cell temperature as explanatory variable, Hold and
On the other hand, in the 4-1 process,
Characteristics of solar cell modules when standard solar cells are kept in the standard state (intensity of solar radiation 1 kW / m ² , solar cell temperature 25 ° C.) (I _SC (short circuit current), I _OP (optimum current), V _OP (optimum current) Voltage), V _OC (open voltage), FF (= (I _OP · V _OP ) / (I _SC · V _OC )) (curve factor), V is set to match the FF of the installed solar cell module. Move (voltage) -I (current) value, that is, move the operating point of maximum output,
In the 4-2 process,
Along with the movement of the maximum output operating point moved in the 4-1 processing process (along) , each operating point (tens of VI values) of the standard solar cell is moved (converted),
In the 4-3 process,
Each operating point (tens of V-I values) of the standard solar cell converted in the 4-2 process is consistent with the characteristic values (I _SC , I _OP , V _OP , V _OC ) of the solar cell module. Hold the operating points (tens of VI values) converted from each operating point again,
In the 4-4 process,
Characteristic values (α (short-circuit current temperature coefficient), β (open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient), R _S (series resistance), K (curve correction factor)) of the installed solar cell module and solar radiation intensity calculated in the second process (E ₂ ) Using the solar cell temperature ( T ₂ ) calculated in the third processing step, the voltage-current values of the several tens of operating points held by the fourth to third processing steps are again expressed by the following equation: Convert several dozen sets of voltage-current values (V ₂ -I ₂ ) , and keep them for each time,
I ₂ = I ₁ + I _SC {(E ₂ / E ₁ ) −1} + α (T ₂ −T ₁ )
V ₂ = V ₁ + β (T ₂ −T ₁ ) −R _S (I ₂ −I ₁ ) −K · I ₂ (T ₂ −T ₁ )
(However, E ₁ and T ₁ are the standard solar radiation intensity (1 kW / m ² ), solar cell temperature (25 ° C.))
In the 4-5 process,
Convert each value in the solar cell module unit by time held in the 4-4 processing step into each value in the solar cell facility capacity, hold,
In the 4-6 process,
The maximum value of electric power (V * I) is calculated from several tens of VI values held in the 4-5 process, and this value is defined as the time-dependent solar cell power generation amount of the solar cell facility. Furthermore, it keeps every month by time zone,
In the fifth process, create and maintain a list of solar cell power generation by location, by month, by time zone, and by weather,
And in the sixth process,
Using the storage battery with the capacity calculated according to claim 3, from the list of expected power generation prepared in advance in the fifth processing process according to the weather of the next day according to the weather forecast by time zone ("local time series forecast") announced by the weather station The amount of power generation for each time zone in the morning the next day was calculated, the amount of power demand for each time zone was reduced, and the amount of power generation in the morning was calculated to be subtracted from the storage battery capacity calculated in claim 3. Operation method of storage battery that charges the amount of power late at night

Using solar power generation equipment combined with a storage battery of the capacity calculated by the method of claim 7, the storage battery is fully charged every day at midnight, and the demand power by time in times other than midnight (7 to 23:00) Is firstly covered by photovoltaic power, and the storage battery operating method is to supplement the power that cannot be covered by the discharged power of the storage battery and then the purchased power from the power company.

Using the solar power generation facility combined with the storage battery of the capacity calculated by the method of claim 8, the storage battery is fully charged every day at midnight, and the demand power by time in times other than midnight (7:00 to 23:00) Is firstly covered by photovoltaic power, and the storage battery operating method is to supplement the power that cannot be covered by the discharged power of the storage battery and then the purchased power from the power company.

Using solar power generation equipment combined with a storage battery of the capacity calculated by the method of claim 7, the storage battery is fully charged every day at midnight, and the demand power by time in times other than midnight (7 to 23:00) First, it is covered by the discharge of storage battery power charged at a low-cost electricity charge at midnight, and the power that cannot be covered by solar power, and then the power purchased from the power company. Operation method of storage battery that can reverse power flow (sell electricity to electric power company) and improve economy of consumers

Using solar power generation equipment combined with a storage battery of the capacity calculated by the method of claim 8, the storage battery is fully charged every day at midnight, and the demand power by time in times other than midnight (7 to 23:00) First, it is covered by the discharge of storage battery power charged with a low-cost electricity charge at midnight, and the power that cannot be covered by solar power, and then by the power purchased from the power company. Operation method of storage battery that can reverse power flow (sell electricity to power company) and improve economy of consumers