JP4594593B2 - Odor control agent, odor control method - Google Patents
Odor control agent, odor control method Download PDFInfo
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- JP4594593B2 JP4594593B2 JP2003024439A JP2003024439A JP4594593B2 JP 4594593 B2 JP4594593 B2 JP 4594593B2 JP 2003024439 A JP2003024439 A JP 2003024439A JP 2003024439 A JP2003024439 A JP 2003024439A JP 4594593 B2 JP4594593 B2 JP 4594593B2
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- odor
- ethyl acetate
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、臭気抑制剤および臭気抑制方法に関し、詳細には、例えば下水などの汚水や汚泥中で発生する臭気を抑制する臭気抑制剤、および臭気抑制方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
下水、し尿、廃水などの有機性汚水やこれらから生じる汚泥等を発生源とする臭気が大きな問題となっている。臭気の原因となる臭気成分の多くは、硫化水素やメチルメルカプタンなどの含硫化合物であり、これらの含硫化合物の中には、人体に対して毒性を示すものもある。例えば、硫化水素などは中毒により人を死に至らしめる場合があり、実際に汚水や汚泥などの処理場施設や下水管路において、臭気成分によって作業員が中毒を起こした事例が多数存在する。このため、臭気成分の発生を抑制する手法の開発が試行錯誤で行われている。
【０００３】
臭気成分となる含硫化合物の多くは嫌気的な条件で微生物の作用により発生することが知られている。このため、汚泥を好気状態に保つことができれば臭気の発生を抑制することができる。しかし、汚水や汚泥からの窒素除去や固液分離の過程で嫌気的雰囲気は避けて通れない条件である。また下水管路を好気的状態に保つことはコストの面でも現実的な選択肢とはなり得ない。
【０００４】
一方、臭気成分の発生を防止する目的で様々な消臭剤や除去方法が提案されている。例えば、鉄や亜鉛を主成分とする塩化第二鉄や塩化亜鉛の溶液を工業用水などで希釈して汚泥や汚水に添加する金属塩法が知られている。この金属塩法は、臭気成分である硫化水素を鉄イオンや亜鉛イオンと反応させることにより、難溶性の塩として分離除去する方法である（例えば、特許文献１参照）。
【０００５】
また、亜硝酸イオンの持つ酸化力を利用して汚泥中に存在している硫化水素、メチルメルカプタンなどの悪臭物質を分解する手法も提案されている。このほか、腐植土を充填したり、腐植土から抽出される成分を添加したりすることで臭気の抑制を試みる方法もある（例えば、特許文献２参照）。
【０００６】
【特許文献１】
特開平１１−５７７３０号公報
【特許文献２】
特開２００２−１１３３２３号公報
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、鉄や亜鉛などを主成分とする消臭剤は、生成された硫化水素の除去に対応するものであり、それ以外の臭気成分であるメチルメルカプタンなどの悪臭成分の除去にはほとんど効果がないことが判明している。また多量の金属の投与は、汚水ｐＨの低下、汚泥の性状変化、脱水性の低下などにつながり、汚水・汚泥処理を行う上で好ましくない影響を与える。
【０００８】
亜硝酸塩を添加する方法は、添加を繰返すほどその効果が弱まり、添加に工夫が必要なこと、富栄養化の原因物質である窒素化合物を添加するため、常時使用すると窒素の放出原因となり、高度処理を施して窒素除去率を高めている現状に反するものであり、好ましくない。
【０００９】
腐植土を使用する手法は、腐植土の品質が一定でなく、産出地により組成が異なるため、この組成の違いが運転条件を困難にしていると考えられる。腐植土由来の抽出物を利用する方法では、抽出物の実態が明らかではなく、その作用も明確になっていない。また腐植土中に多く含まれるフミン質は上水道においてトリハロメタン生成の原因物質として指摘されているため、むやみにフミン質を放流することは好ましくない。従って、上記のような問題を引き起こすことなく、臭気を抑制する方法が求められている。
【００１０】
本発明は、以上のような実情に鑑みてなされたものであり、汚泥等の臭気発生源の性状を変化させたり、水質に影響を与えたりすることなく臭気を抑制することが可能な臭気抑制剤および臭気抑制方法を提供することを課題とする。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、本発明の第１の態様に係る臭気抑制剤は、メナキノン９Ｈ８のモル濃度が８ｍｏｌ％以上である汚泥を酢酸エチルで抽出して得られる酢酸エチル抽出物を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする。
この臭気抑制剤の発明によれば、汚泥の酢酸エチル抽出物により、臭気成分の生成が抑えられ、臭気の発生を抑制することができる。また、酢酸エチル抽出物は、臭気発生源の性状を変化させたり、水質に影響を与えたりすることがないという点で、従来技術の臭気抑制剤と比較して優れた特長を有する。なお、汚泥におけるメナキノン９Ｈ８のモル濃度が８ｍｏｌ％以上である場合、該汚泥の酢酸エチル抽出物が臭気抑制効果を持つことは、後記実施例に示すように確認されている。
【００１２】
本発明の第２の態様に係る臭気抑制剤は、放線菌の培養物を酢酸エチルで抽出して得られる酢酸エチル抽出物を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする。放線菌の培養物には、前記メナキノン９Ｈ８のモル濃度が８ｍｏｌ％以上である汚泥と同様の成分が存在すると考えられるため、これを酢酸エチルで抽出して得られる酢酸エチル抽出物を用いることにより、臭気成分の生成が抑えられ、臭気の発生を抑制することができる。
【００１３】
本発明の第３の態様に係る臭気抑制方法は、臭気成分である含硫化合物を発生する臭気発生源に対し、該臭気発生源に存在する放線菌の二次合成代謝を促進させ得る物質を添加することを特徴とする。臭気発生源に対し、そこに棲息する放線菌の二次合成代謝を促進させ得る物質を添加することにより、硫黄が放線菌による抗生物質やメラニン合成に消費され、臭気の原因物質である含硫化合物に取り込まれることが阻害される結果、臭気の発生が抑制される。
【００１４】
本発明の第４の態様に係る臭気抑制方法は、臭気成分である含硫化合物を発生する臭気発生源に対し、メナキノン９Ｈ８のモル濃度が８ｍｏｌ％以上である汚泥、または放線菌の培養物を、酢酸エチルで抽出して得られる酢酸エチル抽出物を添加することを特徴とする。
【００１５】
この臭気抑制方法の発明によれば、メナキノン９Ｈ８のモル濃度が８ｍｏｌ％以上である汚泥または放線菌の培養物から得られる酢酸エチル抽出物を添加することにより、臭気発生源における臭気成分の生成を抑え、臭気を抑制することができる。また、この臭気抑制方法は、前記酢酸エチル抽出物を用いるため、臭気発生源である汚泥等の性状を変化させたり、水質に影響を与えたりすることがなく、従来技術の臭気抑制方法より優れたものである。
【００１６】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に係る臭気抑制剤は、メナキノン９Ｈ８のモル濃度が８ｍｏｌ％以上である汚泥、または放線菌の培養物を酢酸エチルで抽出した場合に、酢酸エチルに移行する物質（酢酸エチル抽出物）を有効成分として含有するものである。
【００１７】
本発明の臭気抑制剤を適用可能な臭気発生源としては、例えば、下水、し尿、廃水、生ごみ滲出液等の有機性汚水や、これらから生じる汚泥のほか、生ごみ、堆肥、コンポストなどが含まれる。
【００１８】
上記臭気発生源において生成する臭気成分は、主として嫌気的条件下で微生物の代謝活動によって生成する含硫化合物である。より具体的には、例えば、硫化水素、メチルメルカプタン、エチルメルカプタン、プロピルメルカプタン、ブチルメルカプタン、またはＤＭＳ（硫化ジメチル）などであると考えられている。
【００１９】
本発明の臭気抑制剤の有効成分である酢酸エチル抽出物は、例えば有機性排水処理システムから発生する汚泥や、放線菌の培養物等に含まれる成分であり、その化学的構造は明らかではないが、放線菌などの微生物における二次合成代謝に関与する物質ではないかと推定される。本発明では、この酢酸エチル抽出物を臭気発生源に添加することによって、臭気発生源に棲息する放線菌などの微生物の二次合成代謝経路が活発に働き、抗生物質やメラニン合成が促進される結果、それらに硫黄が取り込まれ安定した状態となるとともに、硫黄が硫化水素やメチルメルカプタンなどの含硫化合物に取り込まれることが妨げられ、臭気の発生が抑制されるものと推測される。
【００２０】
酢酸エチル抽出物は、前記メナキノン９Ｈ８のモル濃度が８ｍｏｌ％以上である汚泥や、放線菌の培養物（菌体や、液体もしくは固体培養に用いた培地を含む）を酢酸エチルで抽出処理することによって得ることができる。
【００２１】
汚泥の場合は、キノン分析において、メナキノン９Ｈ８のモル濃度が８ｍｏｌ％以上である汚泥が用いられる。メナキノンの濃度が上記８ｍｏｌ％未満である場合は、十分な臭気抑制作用が得られない。キノン分析は、公知の手法により行うことが可能であり、メナキノン９Ｈ８は、環境中の微生物群のポピュレーション分析における指標として有用であることが知られている（例えばキノンプロファイル法に関する報告：Hiraishi, A. 1999, J. Biosci. Bioeng.; Vol. 88: p449-460など）。
【００２２】
放線菌の培養物を得るには、液体または固体培地を用いてストレプトマイセス属の放線菌を培養すればよい。ここで、放線菌としては、例えばストレプトマイセス・グリセウス（Streptomyces griseus）、ストレプトマイセス・バージニエ（Streptomyces virginiae）、ストレプトマイセス・ビリドクロモゲネス（Streptomyces viridochromogenes）、ストレプトマイセス・シアネオフスキャタス（Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus）、ストレプトマイセス・ビキニエンシス（Streptomyces bikiniensis）等のストレプトマイセス属の放線菌を挙げることができる。
【００２３】
放線菌を培養する培地は一般的なものでよいが、好適な培地組成としては、例えば酵母エキス１ｇ、肉エキス１ｇ、Ｎｚアミン（Ｎｚ amine）１ｇ、グルコース１０ｇを１リットルの蒸留水に溶解させてｐＨ７．２に調整した液体培地や、該液体培地に寒天を９ｇ添加して固化させた固体培地等を挙げることができる。培養温度、培養時間は例えば２５〜３０℃程度で２日〜４日程度とすることができる。
【００２４】
酢酸エチルによる抽出は、以下のように行うことができる。
【００２５】
汚泥から抽出を行う場合は、汚泥を固液分離後、エタノール等で洗浄してから酢酸エチルで抽出する。抽出の際には、例えば超音波破砕器等を使用して破砕を行うことにより抽出効率を高めることが可能となる。放線菌の培養物から抽出を行う場合は、汚泥の場合に準じて実施できるが、固液分離やアルコール洗浄を行わずにそのまま酢酸エチル抽出を行うことができる。なお、抽出物を含む酢酸エチルを濃縮し、酢酸エチルの大部分を除去することにより臭気抑制剤としての酢酸エチル抽出物が得られる。
以上の如くして得られる本発明の臭気抑制剤を汚水や汚泥等の臭気発生源に添加することによって、臭気を抑制できる。
【００２６】
本発明の臭気抑制方法は、臭気成分である含硫化合物を発生する臭気発生源に対し、該臭気発生源に存在する放線菌の二次合成代謝を促進させ得る物質（例えば、前記臭気抑制剤である酢酸エチル抽出物など）を添加することにより実施される。
【００２７】
酢酸エチル抽出物等の放線菌の二次合成代謝を促進させ得る物質は、例えば汚水や汚泥等の臭気発生源に対し、そのまま、あるいは適切な担体に含浸させた状態で添加することができる。ここで、担体としては汚水や汚泥等の臭気発生源に投与した場合にその処理の障害にならないように、水に対する溶解性や分解性が高い材質のものが好ましい。放線菌の二次合成代謝を促進させ得る物質の添加量は、臭気発生源の汚水や汚泥の状態、つまり臭気の強さ等を考慮して適宜選定することが可能である。
【００２８】
また、本発明の臭気抑制方法においては、臭気発生源に対して、酢酸エチル抽出物等とともに銅イオンを添加することも可能である。銅イオンは、殺菌効果がある金属イオンとして知られているが、低濃度の場合には前記放線菌の二次合成代謝に関与する酵素活性を高める作用を持つ。このため、銅イオンを臭気発生源に添加することにより、酢酸エチル抽出物等と同様に作用して、そこに存在する放線菌などの微生物の二次合成代謝がさらに促進され、硫黄原子が抗生物質やメラニンとして取りこまれ固定される。その結果、硫化水素やメチルメルカプタンなどの含硫化合物の生成が阻害され、臭気の発生が抑制されるものと考えられる。
【００２９】
添加する銅イオンの濃度は、臭気発生源の汚水や汚泥の状態を考慮して選定することが可能であるが、一例を挙げれば、臭気発生源において０．１〜２０ｐｐｍ程度となるようにすることが好ましく、５〜１０ｐｐｍ程度であればより好ましい。
【００３０】
酢酸エチル抽出物等の放線菌の二次合成代謝を促進させ得る物質を添加した臭気発生源は、そのまま通常の処理状態におくことにより、酢酸エチル抽出物等が作用し、臭気の発生を抑制できる。すなわち、例えば臭気発生源が下水や汚泥であれば、下水管や汚泥槽において、好ましくは常温で数時間〜数日放置することにより、臭気の抑制効果が得られる。
【００３１】
【作用】
汚泥中に棲息する放線菌などの微生物は、二次合成代謝経路によって抗生物質やメラニン等の二次代謝産物を生成するが、その過程で硫黄原子を利用し、これら二次代謝産物の分子構造中に該硫黄原子を取り込む。例えば抗生物質の場合は硫黄を取り込むことで抗生物質の効果を調節することが知られており、また、放線菌におけるメラニン合成経路の中間物質であるドーパキノンは、フェオメラニンやトリコクロムなどの含硫メラニンの前駆物質である。
【００３２】
このため、臭気発生源に二次合成代謝経路を活性化させ得る物質を添加することによって、そこに存在する放線菌などの微生物の二次合成代謝が活発になり、硫黄原子が抗生物質やメラニンとして固定される。その結果、硫化水素やメチルメルカプタンなどの含硫化合物の生成が競合的に阻害され、臭気の発生が抑制されるものと推測される。
【００３３】
【実施例】
次に、実施例等を挙げ、本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらによって制約されるものではない。
【００３４】
なお、以下の実施例、比較例において、キノン分析は以下の方法で行った。
＜キノン分析手順＞
汚泥（ＭＬＳＳ４０００ｍｇ／ｌ）３０ｍｌを遠心分離にかけて沈澱物を回収し、その沈澱物をメタノール：クロロホルム＝１：２で２回抽出した後、さらにアセトンで抽出し、得られた抽出液を濃縮してヘキサンで再溶解する。そこに水：ヘキサン＝１：１になるように水を加えて、ヘキサン抽出物を洗浄する。その後、ヘキサンを濃縮してから、セパック（ＳｅｐＰａｋ；商品名、Ｗａｔｅｒｓ社製）カートリッジを用いて、この抽出物中のメナキノンとユビキノンを別々に分離する。３０ｃｍのゾルバックス（ＺＯＲＢＡＸ）ＯＤＳカラム（商品名：アジレントテクノロジー社製）を用いてメタノール：イソプロピルエーテル＝７９：２１の混合溶媒（流速１ｍｌ／分）で各成分を分離し、フォトダイオードアレイで検出して定性および定量を行う。この定量結果を元に、汚泥中のキノンモル濃度を算出して汚泥の特性を確認する。
【００３５】
実施例１および比較例１
１リットルの集気ビンに、２５０ｍｌの活性汚泥を入れてシリコン栓で密封した。シリコン栓には、予め２本のガラス管を挿入して、一方のガラス管にはゴム風船をつけておき、他方のガラス管にはセプタムで栓をしておいた。
【００３６】
メナキノン９Ｈ８（ＭＫ９Ｈ８）のモル濃度が２０．７８％である汚泥１リットル（ＭＬＳＳ約４０００ｍｇ／リットル）を合計５００ｍｌの酢酸エチルで抽出した後、酢酸エチルを蒸発させた。残渣を１ｍｌの酢酸エチルに溶解してろ紙に含浸させて乾燥させ、前記集気ビン中の活性汚泥に投入した。一晩密栓をして室温に静置するとともに、１ｍｌのガスを採取してガスクロマトグラフィーで臭気成分を分析した（実施例１）。
【００３７】
また、比較のため、酢酸エチル抽出物を添加しない活性汚泥についても同様にして臭気成分を分析した（比較例１）。その結果を表１に示す。
【００３８】
【表１】
表１から、酢酸エチル抽出物を添加した場合は、無添加に比べて臭気の発生が顕著に抑制されることが明らかとなった。
【００４０】
比較例２
メナキノン９Ｈ８（ＭＫ９Ｈ８）のモル濃度が６．０１％である汚泥１リットル（ＭＬＳＳ約４０００ｍｇ／リットル）を合計５００ｍｌの酢酸エチルで抽出した後、酢酸エチルを蒸発させた。残渣を１ｍｌの酢酸エチルに溶解してろ紙に含浸させ、乾燥させてから、集気ビン中の活性汚泥に投入し、実施例１と同様にして臭気成分を分析した。その結果を表２に示す。なお、実施例１および比較例２で使用した汚泥のキノン分析結果を表３に示す。
【００４１】
【表２】
【表３】
表２から明らかなように、メナキノン９Ｈ８のモル濃度が８％に満たない汚泥からの酢酸エチル抽出物の場合は、臭気発生源に添加しても臭気抑制効果は見られず、無添加の場合（比較例１）と有意な差は見出せなかった。
【００４４】
実施例２
１リットルの集気ビンに、２５０ｍｌの活性汚泥を入れてシリコン栓で密封した。シリコン栓には、予め２本のガラス管を挿入して、一方のガラス管にはゴム風船をつけておき、他方のガラス管にはセプタムで栓をしておいた。
【００４５】
ストレプトマイセス・グリセウス（Streptomyces griseus）を、酵母エキス１ｇ、肉エキス１ｇ、Ｎｚアミン（Ｎｚ amine）１ｇおよびグルコース１０ｇを１リットルの蒸留水に溶解させてｐＨ７．２に調整した液体培地で、２７℃、７２時間振とう培養した培養液１０００ｍｌを１００ｍｌの酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出に用いた酢酸エチルを濃縮した後、残渣をろ紙に含浸させ、乾燥させた。この酢酸エチル抽出物を含浸したろ紙を集気ビン中の活性汚泥に投入し、一晩密栓をして室温に静置するとともに、１ｍｌのガスを採取してガスクロマトグラフィーで臭気成分を分析した。その結果を表４に示す。
【００４６】
【表４】
以上、本発明を種々の実施形態に関して述べたが、本発明は上記実施形態に制約されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明の範囲内で、他の実施形態についても適用可能である。
【００４８】
【発明の効果】
本発明の臭気抑制剤および臭気抑制方法によれば、有機性排水処理システムから発生する汚泥の酢酸エチル抽出物により、臭気成分の生成が抑えられ、臭気の発生を抑制することができる。また、酢酸エチル抽出物は、臭気発生源の性状を変化させたり、水質に影響を与えたりすることがないという点で、従来技術の臭気抑制剤と比較して優れた特長を有する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an odor suppressor and an odor control method, and more particularly to an odor suppressor and an odor control method for suppressing odor generated in, for example, sewage or sludge such as sewage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Odor originating from organic sewage such as sewage, human waste, waste water, and sludge generated from these sewage is a major problem. Many of the odor components that cause odor are sulfur-containing compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan, and some of these sulfur-containing compounds are toxic to the human body. For example, hydrogen sulfide or the like may cause human death due to poisoning, and there are many cases in which workers are actually poisoned by odor components in treatment facilities such as sewage and sludge and sewage pipes. For this reason, development of a technique for suppressing the generation of odorous components has been carried out by trial and error.
[0003]
It is known that many sulfur-containing compounds that become odor components are generated by the action of microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. For this reason, if sludge can be maintained in an aerobic state, generation | occurrence | production of an odor can be suppressed. However, anaerobic atmosphere is unavoidable in the process of nitrogen removal from sewage and sludge and solid-liquid separation. Also, keeping the sewage pipeline in an aerobic state cannot be a realistic option in terms of cost.
[0004]
On the other hand, various deodorants and removal methods have been proposed for the purpose of preventing the generation of odor components. For example, a metal salt method is known in which a solution of ferric chloride or zinc chloride containing iron or zinc as a main component is diluted with industrial water and added to sludge or sewage. This metal salt method is a method in which hydrogen sulfide, which is an odor component, is reacted with iron ions or zinc ions to separate and remove it as a hardly soluble salt (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
[0005]
A method for decomposing malodorous substances such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan present in sludge using the oxidizing power of nitrite ions has also been proposed. In addition, there is a method of trying to suppress odor by filling humus soil or adding a component extracted from humus soil (for example, see Patent Document 2).
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-57730 [Patent Document 2]
JP 2002-113323 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, deodorants mainly composed of iron or zinc are suitable for removing the generated hydrogen sulfide, and are almost effective for removing malodorous components such as methyl mercaptan, which are other odor components. It turns out not. In addition, administration of a large amount of metal leads to a decrease in the pH of the sewage, a change in the properties of the sludge, a decrease in the dewatering property, etc., and has an undesirable effect on the treatment of the sewage and sludge.
[0008]
The method of adding nitrite becomes weaker as the addition is repeated, and the addition of nitrite requires more ingenuity, and because nitrogen compounds that cause eutrophication are added, it causes nitrogen release when used constantly. This is contrary to the current situation where the nitrogen removal rate is increased by performing the treatment, which is not preferable.
[0009]
In the method using humus soil, the quality of the humus soil is not constant and the composition differs depending on the production area. In the method using an extract derived from humus soil, the actual state of the extract is not clear, and its action is not clear. Moreover, since humic substances contained in the humus soil are pointed out as a causative substance of trihalomethane formation in the waterworks, it is not preferable to discharge the humic substances unnecessarily. Therefore, there is a need for a method for suppressing odor without causing the above problems.
[0010]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is capable of suppressing odor without changing the properties of odor generating sources such as sludge or affecting water quality. It is an object to provide an agent and a method for suppressing odor.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the odor inhibitor according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, an ethyl acetate extract obtained by extracting sludge in which the molar concentration of menaquinone 9H8 is 8 mol% or more with ethyl acetate. It is characterized by containing.
According to the invention of this odor suppressor, the production of odor components can be suppressed by the ethyl acetate extract of sludge, and the generation of odor can be suppressed. In addition, the ethyl acetate extract has an excellent feature compared to the prior art odor suppressors in that it does not change the properties of the odor source and does not affect the water quality. In addition, when the molar concentration of menaquinone 9H8 in the sludge is 8 mol% or more, it has been confirmed that the ethyl acetate extract of the sludge has an odor suppressing effect as shown in Examples below.
[0012]
The odor inhibitor according to the second aspect of the present invention is characterized by containing an ethyl acetate extract obtained by extracting a culture of actinomycetes with ethyl acetate as an active ingredient. In the actinomycete culture, it is considered that the same component as sludge having a menaquinone 9H8 molar concentration of 8 mol% or more is present. By using an ethyl acetate extract obtained by extracting this with ethyl acetate, The generation of odor components can be suppressed, and the generation of odor can be suppressed.
[0013]
In the odor suppression method according to the third aspect of the present invention, a substance capable of promoting secondary synthetic metabolism of actinomycetes present in the odor generating source is generated with respect to the odor generating source that generates a sulfur-containing compound as an odor component. It is characterized by adding. By adding a substance capable of promoting secondary synthesis and metabolism of actinomycetes inhabiting odor sources, sulfur is consumed in the synthesis of antibiotics and melanin by actinomycetes, and sulfur containing substances that cause odor Occurrence of odor is suppressed as a result of inhibition of incorporation into the compound.
[0014]
In the odor control method according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, a sludge having a molar concentration of menaquinone 9H8 of 8 mol% or more, or a culture of actinomycetes, with respect to an odor generating source that generates a sulfur-containing compound as an odor component. An ethyl acetate extract obtained by extraction with ethyl acetate is added.
[0015]
According to the invention of this odor control method, by adding an ethyl acetate extract obtained from a sludge or actinomycete culture in which the molar concentration of menaquinone 9H8 is 8 mol% or more, generation of odor components in the odor source is achieved. It can be suppressed and odor can be suppressed. In addition, this odor control method uses the ethyl acetate extract, so it does not change the properties of sludge, etc., which is the source of odor, and does not affect water quality, and is superior to the conventional odor control method. It is a thing.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The odor inhibitor according to the present invention is a substance (ethyl acetate extract) that migrates to ethyl acetate when a sludge having a molar concentration of menaquinone 9H8 of 8 mol% or more or a culture of actinomycetes is extracted with ethyl acetate. It is contained as an active ingredient.
[0017]
Odor generating sources to which the odor suppressor of the present invention can be applied include, for example, organic sewage such as sewage, human waste, waste water, garbage exudate, and sludge generated from these, garbage, compost, compost, etc. included.
[0018]
The odor component generated in the odor source is a sulfur-containing compound generated mainly by the metabolic activity of microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. More specifically, for example, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, propyl mercaptan, butyl mercaptan, or DMS (dimethyl sulfide) is considered.
[0019]
The ethyl acetate extract, which is an active ingredient of the odor suppressor of the present invention, is a component contained in, for example, sludge generated from an organic wastewater treatment system, a culture of actinomycetes, etc., and its chemical structure is not clear. Is presumed to be a substance involved in secondary synthetic metabolism in microorganisms such as actinomycetes. In the present invention, by adding this ethyl acetate extract to the odor source, the secondary synthetic metabolic pathway of microorganisms such as actinomycetes that live in the odor source actively works, and the synthesis of antibiotics and melanin is promoted. As a result, it is presumed that sulfur is taken into them and a stable state is obtained, and that sulfur is prevented from being taken into sulfur-containing compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan, and generation of odor is suppressed.
[0020]
The ethyl acetate extract is obtained by subjecting sludge in which the molar concentration of menaquinone 9H8 is 8 mol% or more, or an actinomycete culture (including cells and a medium used for liquid or solid culture) to ethyl acetate. Can be obtained by:
[0021]
In the case of sludge, sludge in which the molar concentration of menaquinone 9H8 is 8 mol% or more is used in the quinone analysis. When the concentration of menaquinone is less than 8 mol%, a sufficient odor suppressing effect cannot be obtained. The quinone analysis can be performed by a known method, and menaquinone 9H8 is known to be useful as an index in the population analysis of microorganism groups in the environment (for example, a report on the quinone profile method: Hiraishi, A. 1999, J. Biosci. Bioeng .; Vol. 88: p449-460, etc.).
[0022]
In order to obtain a culture of actinomycetes, Streptomyces genus actinomycetes may be cultured using a liquid or solid medium. Here, as actinomycetes, for example, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces virginiae, Streptomyces viridochromogenes, Streptomyces sianeoffsca Streptomyces genus actinomycetes such as Tas (Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus), Streptomyces bikiniensis and the like can be mentioned.
[0023]
Medium for cultivating actinomycetes may be general, but suitable medium composition is, for example, 1 g of yeast extract, 1 g of meat extract, 1 g of Nz amine, and 10 g of glucose dissolved in 1 liter of distilled water. Examples thereof include a liquid medium adjusted to pH 7.2 and a solid medium obtained by adding 9 g of agar to the liquid medium and solidifying the medium. The culture temperature and culture time can be, for example, about 25 to 30 ° C. and about 2 to 4 days.
[0024]
Extraction with ethyl acetate can be performed as follows.
[0025]
When extracting from sludge, the sludge is solid-liquid separated and then washed with ethanol and then extracted with ethyl acetate. At the time of extraction, for example, the extraction efficiency can be increased by crushing using an ultrasonic crusher or the like. Extraction from actinomycete cultures can be performed according to the case of sludge, but ethyl acetate extraction can be performed as it is without performing solid-liquid separation or alcohol washing. In addition, the ethyl acetate extract as an odor control agent is obtained by concentrating ethyl acetate containing an extract and removing most of ethyl acetate.
The odor can be suppressed by adding the odor inhibitor of the present invention obtained as described above to an odor generation source such as sewage or sludge.
[0026]
The odor suppression method of the present invention is a substance that can promote secondary synthetic metabolism of actinomycetes existing in the odor generating source (for example, the odor suppressing agent) with respect to an odor generating source that generates a sulfur-containing compound that is an odor component. For example, an ethyl acetate extract).
[0027]
Substances that can promote secondary synthesis metabolism of actinomycetes such as ethyl acetate extract can be added to odor generation sources such as sewage and sludge as they are or impregnated in an appropriate carrier. Here, the carrier is preferably made of a material having high solubility and decomposability in water so as not to hinder the treatment when administered to an odor generating source such as sewage or sludge. The amount of the substance capable of promoting the secondary synthetic metabolism of actinomycetes can be appropriately selected in consideration of the state of sewage and sludge as the odor source, that is, the strength of the odor.
[0028]
Moreover, in the odor control method of this invention, it is also possible to add a copper ion with an ethyl acetate extract etc. with respect to an odor generation source. Copper ions are known as metal ions having a bactericidal effect, but have a function of enhancing enzyme activity involved in secondary synthesis metabolism of the actinomycetes when the concentration is low. For this reason, by adding copper ions to the odor source, it acts like an ethyl acetate extract and the like, and the secondary synthetic metabolism of microorganisms such as actinomycetes existing there is further promoted, and the sulfur atom becomes antibiotic. It is taken in and fixed as a substance or melanin. As a result, it is considered that the generation of sulfur-containing compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan is inhibited and the generation of odor is suppressed.
[0029]
The concentration of copper ions to be added can be selected in consideration of the state of sewage and sludge of the odor source, but as an example, the concentration of odor source is about 0.1 to 20 ppm. It is preferable that about 5 to 10 ppm is more preferable.
[0030]
Odor generation sources containing substances that can promote the secondary synthetic metabolism of actinomycetes such as ethyl acetate extract can be left in normal processing conditions, so that ethyl acetate extract can act and suppress odor generation. it can. That is, for example, if the odor source is sewage or sludge, the effect of suppressing odor can be obtained by leaving it in a sewage pipe or sludge tank, preferably at room temperature for several hours to several days.
[0031]
[Action]
Microbes such as actinomycetes living in the sludge produce secondary metabolites such as antibiotics and melanin through the secondary synthetic metabolic pathway, and in the process, the molecular structure of these secondary metabolites uses sulfur atoms. The sulfur atom is taken into the inside. For example, antibiotics are known to regulate the effect of antibiotics by incorporating sulfur, and dopaquinone, an intermediate substance in the melanin synthesis pathway in actinomycetes, is a sulfur-containing melanin such as pheomelanin or tricochrome. Is a precursor.
[0032]
For this reason, by adding a substance capable of activating the secondary synthetic metabolic pathway to the odor source, the secondary synthetic metabolism of microorganisms such as actinomycetes is activated, and the sulfur atom becomes an antibiotic or melanin. As fixed. As a result, it is presumed that the production of sulfur-containing compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan is competitively inhibited and the generation of odor is suppressed.
[0033]
【Example】
Next, although an example etc. are given and the present invention is explained still in detail, the present invention is not restricted by these.
[0034]
In the following examples and comparative examples, quinone analysis was performed by the following method.
<Quinone analysis procedure>
Centrifugation of 30 ml of sludge (MLSS 4000 mg / l) collects the precipitate, and the precipitate is extracted twice with methanol: chloroform = 1: 2, then extracted with acetone, and the resulting extract is concentrated. Redissolve with hexane. Water is added so that water: hexane = 1: 1, and the hexane extract is washed. Then, after concentrating hexane, the menaquinone and ubiquinone in this extract are isolate | separated separately using a Sepak (SepPak; brand name, Waters company make) cartridge. Using a 30 cm ZORBAX ODS column (trade name: manufactured by Agilent Technologies), each component was separated with a mixed solvent of methanol: isopropyl ether = 79: 21 (flow rate: 1 ml / min) and detected with a photodiode array. Qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on this quantitative result, the quinone molar concentration in the sludge is calculated to confirm the characteristics of the sludge.
[0035]
Example 1 and Comparative Example 1
250 ml of activated sludge was placed in a 1 liter air collection bottle and sealed with a silicon stopper. Two glass tubes were inserted in advance into the silicon stopper, a rubber balloon was attached to one glass tube, and the other glass tube was stoppered with a septum.
[0036]
After extracting 1 liter of sludge (MLSS about 4000 mg / liter) having a molar concentration of menaquinone 9H8 (MK9H8) of 20.78% with a total of 500 ml of ethyl acetate, the ethyl acetate was evaporated. The residue was dissolved in 1 ml of ethyl acetate, impregnated into filter paper, dried, and charged into the activated sludge in the air collection bottle. The bottle was sealed overnight and allowed to stand at room temperature, and 1 ml of gas was collected and analyzed for odor components by gas chromatography (Example 1).
[0037]
For comparison, the odor component was similarly analyzed for activated sludge to which no ethyl acetate extract was added (Comparative Example 1). The results are shown in Table 1.
[0038]
[Table 1]
From Table 1, it was found that when the ethyl acetate extract was added, the generation of odor was significantly suppressed as compared to the case where no ethyl acetate extract was added.
[0040]
Comparative Example 2
After extracting 1 liter of sludge (MLSS about 4000 mg / liter) having a molar concentration of menaquinone 9H8 (MK9H8) of 6.01% with a total of 500 ml of ethyl acetate, the ethyl acetate was evaporated. The residue was dissolved in 1 ml of ethyl acetate, impregnated into filter paper, dried, and then poured into activated sludge in an air collection bottle. The odor components were analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2. In addition, Table 3 shows the quinone analysis results of the sludge used in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.
[0041]
[Table 2]
[Table 3]
As is clear from Table 2, in the case of ethyl acetate extract from sludge whose menaquinone 9H8 molar concentration is less than 8%, no odor suppression effect is seen even when added to the odor source, and no addition A significant difference from (Comparative Example 1) could not be found.
[0044]
Example 2
250 ml of activated sludge was placed in a 1 liter air collection bottle and sealed with a silicon stopper. Two glass tubes were inserted in advance into the silicon stopper, a rubber balloon was attached to one glass tube, and the other glass tube was stoppered with a septum.
[0045]
Streptomyces griseus is a liquid medium prepared by dissolving 1 g of yeast extract, 1 g of meat extract, 1 g of Nz amine and 10 g of glucose in 1 liter of distilled water and adjusting the pH to 7.2. 27 1000 ml of the culture solution cultured with shaking at 72 ° C. for 72 hours was extracted with 100 ml of ethyl acetate. After concentrating the ethyl acetate used for extraction, the residue was impregnated into filter paper and dried. The filter paper impregnated with this ethyl acetate extract was put into activated sludge in an air collection bottle, sealed tightly overnight and allowed to stand at room temperature, and 1 ml of gas was collected and analyzed for odor components by gas chromatography. . The results are shown in Table 4.
[0046]
[Table 4]
The present invention has been described above with reference to various embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can be applied to other embodiments within the scope of the invention described in the claims. It is.
[0048]
【The invention's effect】
According to the odor suppressing agent and the odor suppressing method of the present invention, the generation of odor components can be suppressed and the generation of odor can be suppressed by the ethyl acetate extract of sludge generated from the organic wastewater treatment system. In addition, the ethyl acetate extract has an excellent feature compared to the prior art odor suppressors in that it does not change the properties of the odor source and does not affect the water quality.
Claims (7)
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| JPS53109870A (en) * | 1977-03-08 | 1978-09-26 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | Treating method for surplus sludge by-product formed in activated sludge treatment |
| JPH0623026A (en) * | 1992-07-06 | 1994-02-01 | Asahi Shiyokuken Kk | Manufacture of deodorant |
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| JPS53109870A (en) * | 1977-03-08 | 1978-09-26 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | Treating method for surplus sludge by-product formed in activated sludge treatment |
| JPH0623026A (en) * | 1992-07-06 | 1994-02-01 | Asahi Shiyokuken Kk | Manufacture of deodorant |
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