JP4587026B2 - Fine recess processing apparatus and fine recess processing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention provides a fine recess (in order to increase the operating efficiency or reduce the friction on the surface of a workpiece, for example, the outer peripheral surface of a movable part such as a crankpin, a journal or a cam journal constituting an automobile engine. The present invention relates to a fine recess processing apparatus and a fine recess processing method used to form an oil sump.

  Conventionally, as a method for forming a fine recess on the surface of the workpiece as described above, for example, there has been a precision shot peening method, but in this method, the work of attaching and removing the mask is essential. There was a problem that improvement in productivity could not be expected.

In recent years, therefore, research has been conducted on a fine recess processing apparatus having a configuration in which a fine recess is formed by pressing a processing roller having fine irregularities on an outer peripheral surface against a workpiece with a substantially constant load.
JP 2000-227119 A JP 2002-46001 A

  However, in the conventional fine recess processing apparatus described above, the surface hardness of each workpiece varies depending on the range and conditions of the heat treatment because of the fact that the processing roller is pressed against the workpiece with a substantially constant load. In such a case, there is a problem that the depth of the fine recesses formed in the workpiece varies for each workpiece, and it has been a conventional problem to solve this problem.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to the above-mentioned conventional problems, and the surface hardness of each workpiece varies depending on the heat treatment conditions, etc., or the workpiece is made of different materials (several types of materials are bonded together). A fine recess processing apparatus and a fine recess processing method capable of forming a fine recess of a certain depth on the surface of a workpiece even when the substrate is made of a material or a mixture of several kinds of materials) It is intended to provide.

  The fine concave portion processing apparatus of the present invention includes a processing roller having fine irregularities on the outer peripheral surface, a roller pressing mechanism that forms the fine concave portion by pressing the outer peripheral surface of the processing roller against a workpiece, and processing by the roller pressing mechanism. A load detecting means for detecting the pressing force of the roller, and the surface hardness distribution information at the surface processing position of the workpiece, and the fineness formed corresponding to the surface hardness and the pressing force of the processing roller The depth information of the concave portion is stored, the load detection signal received from the load detecting means while the fine concave portion is formed by pressing the outer peripheral surface of the processing roller against the workpiece, and the surface hardness distribution information And a control means for controlling the pressing force of the processing roller to correspond to the surface hardness of the workpiece based on the depth information of the fine recess.

  The fine recess processing method of the present invention is configured to press the outer peripheral surface of the processing roller against the workpiece by a roller pressing mechanism when forming the fine recess on the workpiece using the fine recess processing apparatus. As the workpiece is rotated or linearly moved, the processing roller is rotated to start processing the fine recess, and while the micro recess is being processed, the control means detects the load from the load detection means. Based on the signal, the surface hardness distribution information, and the depth information of the fine recess, the pressing force of the processing roller by the roller pressing mechanism is controlled to correspond to the surface hardness of the workpiece.

  According to the present invention, since the above-described configuration is adopted, the surface hardness of each workpiece varies depending on the heat treatment conditions or the like, the workpiece is formed by bonding several types of materials, or several types of materials. It is possible to form a minute concave part with a substantially constant depth on the surface of the workpiece, in addition to forming a fine concave part on the surface of the workpiece. In this case, if the pressing force of the processing roller is changed, a very excellent effect that a fine concave portion whose depth changes can be formed is brought about.

  In the fine recess processing apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to employ a configuration provided with a surface hardness measuring means for measuring the surface hardness of the workpiece. In this case, for the workpiece whose surface hardness is not known, A fine recess having a certain depth can be formed. At this time, it is desirable that the surface hardness measuring means is provided on a roller support portion that supports and moves integrally with the processing roller. In this case, the surface hardness can be measured simultaneously with the formation of the fine recesses by the processing roller. Since this is possible, the production efficiency will be improved.

  Further, in the fine recess processing apparatus of the present invention, the control means includes a surface hardness distribution information at the surface processing position of the work piece, and a fine formed corresponding to the surface hardness and the pressing force of the processing roller. Stores the depth information of the recesses, and adopts a configuration that controls the pressing force of the processing roller to correspond to the surface hardness of the workpiece based on the surface hardness distribution information and the depth information of the fine recesses If this configuration is adopted, the surface of the workpiece will be constant even if the surface hardness of the workpiece varies depending on the heat treatment conditions, etc., or even if the workpiece is made of different materials. A fine recess having a depth can be formed.

  Furthermore, in the fine recess processing apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to adopt a configuration that can be mounted on an NC machine tool and the control means is a control unit of the NC machine tool. When forming the fine recesses in the workpiece, continuous automatic processing can be performed.

  Furthermore, in the fine recess processing apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to employ a configuration in which the fluid pressure pressing mechanism that presses the outer peripheral surface of the processing roller against the workpiece using the fluid pressure is a roller pressing mechanism. Since the pressing force of the processing roller can be changed by controlling pumps and valves, the same pressing force can be applied to several workpieces at the same time if piping is provided to a plurality of fine recess processing devices. Thus, the processing roller can be pressed.

  Furthermore, in the fine recess processing apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to employ a configuration in which the elastic body pressing mechanism that presses the outer peripheral surface of the processing roller against the workpiece using the elastic body is a roller pressing mechanism. This eliminates the need for piping, etc., and can be simplified in structure, thereby reducing the size of the equipment. It can be easily attached to the machine, and as a result, a large number of workpieces can be processed and the equipment cost can be reduced.

  Furthermore, in the fine recess processing apparatus of the present invention, an elastic body supporting portion that supports the elastic body is provided, and the pressing force of the processing roller is changed by moving the elastic body supporting portion toward and away from the workpiece. In this case, the pressing force of the processing roller can be continuously changed by a command from the control means. Further, when the elastic body is a spring, for example, an appropriate spring constant can be selected by exchanging the spring. That is, a minute change in the applied pressure can be given without performing precise position control. When the fluid pressure is used, fine control of the pressurizing force itself is necessary. On the other hand, if the above-described configuration is adopted, for example, if the spring constant is 10 N / mm, the elastic body is in units of 0.1 mm. By the movement of the support portion, it is possible to easily change the pressurizing force in 1N units.

  On the other hand, in the fine recess processing method of the present invention, when forming the fine recess on the workpiece using the micro recess processing apparatus provided with the surface hardness measuring means, the outer peripheral surface of the processing roller is formed on the workpiece by the roller pressing mechanism. While pressing, the processing roller is rotated along with the workpiece to be rotated or linearly moved to start processing the fine concave portion, and while the fine concave portion is being processed, in the control means, Employs a configuration that controls the pressing force of the processing roller by the roller pressing mechanism based on the surface hardness distribution information obtained by measuring the surface hardness of the workpiece by the surface hardness measuring means and the load detection signal from the load detecting means. In this case, the surface hardness distribution information at the surface processing position of the workpiece and the fineness formed corresponding to the surface hardness and the pressing force of the processing roller are formed. The depth information of the recess is stored in advance in the control means, and the control means determines the surface hardness of the workpiece based on the surface hardness distribution information and the depth information of the fine recess. It is desirable to adopt a configuration that controls to cope with this.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. In this embodiment, the case where the workpiece is a cylindrical member is shown.

[Example 1]
As shown in FIG. 1, the fine recess processing apparatus 1 includes a stepping motor 2, a slider 4 that moves in the X-axis direction together with the ball screw 3 by the operation of the stepping motor 2, and advances and retreats with respect to the cylindrical member W; A housing 5 as an elastic body supporting portion fixed to the slider 4, a coil spring 6 provided in the housing 5, a shaft 7 having an upper end coupled to the coil spring 6 and an arm 8 coupled to the lower end, an outer periphery The processing roller 9 provided with fine irregularities 9b (see FIG. 2) on the surface 9a and rotatably supported by the arm 8, and the pressing of the processing roller 9 against the cylindrical member W by the coil spring 6 provided in the housing 5 Load detecting means 10 for detecting pressure, and control means 11 electrically connected to the load detecting means 10 and the stepping motor 2 are provided. Ri, stepping motor 2, a ball screw 3, slider 4, with constitutes the elastic member pressing mechanism of the roller pressing mechanism in the housing 5 and the coil spring 6, and the control means 11 the control unit of the NC machine tool.

  In this case, the stepping motor 2 of the fine recess processing apparatus 1 is attached to a head portion (not shown) of the NC machine tool. In the control portion of the NC machine tool as the control means 11, the outer peripheral surface of the processing roller 9 is provided. A control command is output to the stepping motor 2 so as to set the pressing force of the processing roller 9 to a predetermined value based on the load detection signal from the load detection means 10 while pressing the cylindrical member W against the cylindrical member W. It is supposed to be. On the other hand, the cylindrical member W is rotated together with the main shaft B by gripping an end portion thereof with a chucking portion C of the main shaft B arranged on the main shaft base A of the NC machine tool.

  Next, the point which forms a fine recessed part in the cylindrical member W using the said fine recessed part processing apparatus 1 is demonstrated.

  First, the head part on which the headstock A of the NC machine tool or the stepping motor 2 of the fine recess processing apparatus 1 is attached is moved in the Z-axis direction shown in the figure, and the processing roller 9 is moved as shown in FIG. The cylindrical member W is positioned at a portion facing the processing surface Wa.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 3B, the processing roller 9 is operated by operating the stepping motor 2 to rotate the ball screw 3 and lowering the slider 4 with the housing 5 fixed along the X-axis direction in the drawing. Is brought into contact with the processing surface Wa of the cylindrical member W.

  Subsequently, the slider 4 and the housing 5 are further lowered, and the shaft 7 is moved upward with respect to the housing 5 while the coil spring 6 built in the housing 5 is contracted as shown in FIG. Thus, a pressing force (load) is applied to the work surface Wa of the cylindrical member W.

  At this time, the load detection means 10 provided in the housing 5 detects the pressing force and transmits the detected signal to the control means 11 which is a control unit of the NC machine tool. In response to this, the control means 11 issues a command to operate the stepping motor 2 until a preset load is reached and lowers the housing 5, and then rotates the spindle B as shown in FIG. Simultaneously with the start, the movement of the head unit to which the headstock A or the slider 4 is attached is started in the Z-axis direction.

  At this time, for example, as shown in the graph of FIG. 4, the surface hardness of the processing surface Wa of the cylindrical member W with respect to the pressing force of the processing roller 9 and the depth of the fine recess formed on the processing surface Wa of the cylindrical member W. Is stored in the control means 11 which is the control unit of the NC machine tool, and the relationship between the Z-axis direction position of the work surface Wa and the surface hardness is also stored in the control means 11, and these data are stored in these data. 3 (e) and 3 (f), the stepping motor 2 is operated while the processing roller 9 and the cylindrical member W are relatively moved in the Z-axis direction to move the housing 5 together with the slider 4 to the X-axis. By moving in the direction, the pressing force can be changed in accordance with the change in the surface hardness of the work surface Wa. As a result, fine concave portions having a constant depth are continuously formed on the work surface Wa of the cylindrical member W.

  In the above-described embodiment, the position of the housing 5 is controlled by the elastic body pressing mechanism of the fine recess processing apparatus 1 to change the pressing force of the processing roller 9, so that the processing surface Wa of the cylindrical member W is changed to FIG. As shown to a), although the case where the fine recessed part Wb of fixed depth was formed was shown, by changing the pressing force of the processing roller 9 in the same way as the above, it is made to the to-be-processed surface Wa of the cylindrical member W. As shown in FIG. 6 (b), it is possible to form fine concave portions Wb whose depth changes.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, if the spring constant of the coil spring 6 built in the housing 5 is 10 N / mm, for example, the stepping motor 2 is operated to move the housing 5 up and down by 0.1 mm. Thus, the depth of the fine recess Wb can be controlled at a level of several μm or less. That is, it has an excellent characteristic that the position control of the entire fine recess processing apparatus 1 at a level of several μm or less is unnecessary.

[Example 2]
FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the fine recess processing apparatus of the present invention. In this embodiment, a surface hardness as a surface hardness measuring means is attached to a head portion (not shown) to which the stepping motor 2 is attached via an adapter 13. The detector 12 is attached.

  The surface hardness detector 12 is an eddy current type contact detector, and is attached to the spindle B after the probe 12a is brought close to the processing surface Wa of the cylindrical member W as shown in FIG. While rotating the cylindrical member W, the probe 12a is moved relatively in the direction of the rotation axis to measure the surface hardness of the cylindrical member W, and the relationship between the position and hardness of the work surface Wa of the cylindrical member W is determined as an NC machine tool. Is output to and stored in the control means 11 which is a control unit.

  That is, even when the surface hardness is not known, by changing the pressing force, it is possible to process the fine concave portion Wb having a certain depth.

[Example 3]
FIG. 8 shows still another embodiment of the fine recess processing apparatus of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the micro recess processing apparatus 21 of this embodiment supports the processing roller 9 and moves integrally. The surface hardness detector 12 of the previous embodiment is attached to an arm 28 as a roller support portion.

  In the fine recess processing apparatus 21 of this embodiment, in the state where the processing roller 9 is pressed against the processing surface Wa of the cylindrical member W, the distance between the processing surface Wa of the cylindrical member W and the probe 12a of the surface hardness detector 12 is set. The surface hardness of the cylindrical member W immediately before being pressed by the processing roller 9 can be simultaneously measured by moving the fine recess processing device 21 relatively in the direction of the rotation axis of the cylindrical member W. Is possible.

  That is, the relationship between the position and hardness of the work surface Wa of the cylindrical member W can be recorded in advance in the control means 11 that is a control unit of the NC machine tool, and the measurement of the surface hardness and the fine recess processing are performed. Since it can be performed at the same time, the cycle time can be shortened by the efficiency.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where the workpiece has a cylindrical shape has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the workpiece has a flat plate shape. Even if it is, the same fine recessed part Wb as the above can be formed with respect to the surface.

  In the above-described embodiment, the stepping motor 2, the ball screw 3, the slider 4, the housing 5, and the coil spring 6 provided in the housing 5 constitute an elastic body pressing mechanism (roller pressing mechanism). However, the fluid pressure pressing mechanism that presses the processing roller 9 against the workpiece using the fluid pressure may be a roller pressing mechanism.

  And if the fine recessed part Wb is formed in the cylindrical member W using the above-described fine recessed part processing apparatus 1, the cost of the cylindrical member W can be reduced, and the above-described fine recessed part processing apparatus 1 can be used for automobile parts, For example, if the minute recesses Wb are formed in the crankshaft or the camshaft, the cost of the parts can be reduced, and the friction during rotation and the engine performance can be improved.

It is front explanatory drawing (a) and side explanatory drawing (b) which show one Example of the fine recessed part processing apparatus of this invention. Example 1 It is side surface explanatory drawing (a) and the partial expanded side surface explanatory drawing of the processing roller of the fine recessed part processing apparatus shown in FIG. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing (a)-(f) in the case of forming a fine recessed part in a cylindrical member using the fine recessed part processing apparatus shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the surface hardness of a to-be-processed object and the depth of a fine recessed part with respect to the pressing force of the process roller of the fine recessed part processing apparatus shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows distribution of the surface hardness of a to-be-processed object. FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional explanatory view (a) of a workpiece in which a fine concave portion having a constant depth is formed by the fine concave portion processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and a portion of the workpiece in which a fine concave portion having a varying depth is formed. It is an expanded sectional explanatory view (b). It is front explanatory drawing which shows partially the other Example of the fine recessed part processing apparatus of this invention. (Example 2) It is front explanatory drawing which shows other Example of the fine recessed part processing apparatus of this invention. (Example 3)

Explanation of symbols

1,21 Fine recess processing equipment 2 Stepping motor (elastic body pressing mechanism)
3 Ball screw (elastic body pressing mechanism)
4 Slider (elastic body pressing mechanism)
5 Housing (elastic body support; elastic body pressing mechanism)
6 Coil spring (elastic body pressing mechanism)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 Processing roller 9a Outer peripheral surface 9b Fine unevenness 10 Load detection means 11 Control means 12 Surface hardness detector (surface hardness measurement means)
28 Arm (roller support)
W Cylindrical member Wa Peripheral surface of cylindrical member Wb Fine recess

Claims (5)

A processing roller having fine irregularities on the outer peripheral surface, a roller pressing mechanism that presses the outer peripheral surface of the processing roller against a workpiece to form a fine recess, and a load detection that detects the pressing force of the processing roller by the roller pressing mechanism and having a means,
The surface hardness distribution information at the surface processing position of the workpiece and the depth information of the fine recess formed corresponding to the surface hardness and the size of the pressing force of the processing roller are stored . Based on the load detection signal received from the load detection means, the surface hardness distribution information, and the depth information of the fine recesses while the outer peripheral surface is pressed against the workpiece to form the fine recesses, the processing roller And a control means for controlling the pressing force to correspond to the surface hardness of the workpiece.   The fine recess processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising surface hardness measuring means for measuring the surface hardness of the workpiece.   The fine recess processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a surface hardness measuring means is provided on a roller support portion that moves integrally with the processing roller. When forming a fine recess in a workpiece using the fine recess processing apparatus according to claim 1, the outer peripheral surface of the processing roller is pressed against the workpiece by a roller pressing mechanism, and the workpiece is rotated or linearly moved. As the fine recesses are started by rotating the processing roller along with the movement, the control means detects the load detection signal from the load detection means and the surface hardness while the fine recesses are being processed. A fine recess processing method, wherein the pressing force of the processing roller by the roller pressing mechanism is controlled to correspond to the surface hardness of the workpiece based on the depth distribution information and the depth information of the fine recess . 5. The method for machining fine recesses according to claim 4, wherein the surface hardness information is obtained by measuring the surface hardness of the workpiece by means of surface hardness measuring means .

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