JP4585187B2 - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Image forming apparatus Download PDF

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JP4585187B2
JP4585187B2 JP2003298330A JP2003298330A JP4585187B2 JP 4585187 B2 JP4585187 B2 JP 4585187B2 JP 2003298330 A JP2003298330 A JP 2003298330A JP 2003298330 A JP2003298330 A JP 2003298330A JP 4585187 B2 JP4585187 B2 JP 4585187B2
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intermediate transfer
transfer belt
image
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transfer
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JP2005070256A (en
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健 吉田
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Description

この発明は、電子写真方式の複写機やプリンタ等の画像形成装置に関し、特に中間転写方式を用いたフルカラーの画像形成装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying machine or a printer, and more particularly to a full color image forming apparatus using an intermediate transfer system.

従来、この種の中間転写方式を用いたフルカラーの画像形成装置としては、画像情報に応じた各色毎のトナー像を担持する像担持体として例えば複数の感光体と、これら複数の感光体に圧接され、複数のローラに架設されて所定方向に回動する無端状の中間転写ベルトと、それぞれの感光体上に形成された単色のトナー像を中間転写ベルト上に順次重ね合わせて転写する一次転写手段と、中間転写ベルト上のトナー像を記録媒体に一括転写する二次転写手段とを備えたものが知られている。そして、一次転写手段には、像担持体と中間転写ベルト間に形成される転写電界が用いられ、二次転写手段には、中間転写ベルトと記録媒体との間に形成される転写電界が用いられている。   Conventionally, as a full-color image forming apparatus using this type of intermediate transfer method, for example, a plurality of photoconductors as an image carrier that carries a toner image for each color according to image information, and the plurality of photoconductors are pressed against each other. And an endless intermediate transfer belt that is installed on a plurality of rollers and rotates in a predetermined direction, and a primary transfer that sequentially superimposes and transfers a single-color toner image formed on each photoconductor onto the intermediate transfer belt. And a secondary transfer unit that batch-transfers toner images on an intermediate transfer belt to a recording medium are known. The primary transfer means uses a transfer electric field formed between the image carrier and the intermediate transfer belt, and the secondary transfer means uses a transfer electric field formed between the intermediate transfer belt and the recording medium. It has been.

このような画像形成装置において、一次転写手段では、感光体上に形成されたトナー像を忠実に、且つ安定して中間転写ベルトに転写することが要求され、二次転写装置でも同様に中間転写ベルトに形成されたトナー像を忠実に、且つ安定して記録媒体に一括転写することが要求される。換言すれば、一次転写手段及び二次転写手段共、安定した転写を高い転写効率で行う必要がある。   In such an image forming apparatus, the primary transfer unit is required to faithfully and stably transfer the toner image formed on the photosensitive member to the intermediate transfer belt, and the secondary transfer apparatus similarly performs the intermediate transfer. It is required that the toner image formed on the belt is faithfully and stably collectively transferred to a recording medium. In other words, both the primary transfer unit and the secondary transfer unit need to perform stable transfer with high transfer efficiency.

ところで、一次転写部における画像劣化の原因の一つとして、トナーの飛散により線画像や文字画像等がぼやける転写チリの現象がある。この現象は、一次転写部のニップ部上流の空間部でトナーが感光体から中間転写ベルトに移動することに起因するものであり、ニップ部上流における転写電界を抑制することにより防止できることが分かっている。
そして、このような転写チリを防止する手段として、中間転写ベルト裏面の表面抵抗率を高く設定することにより、中間転写ベルトの転写に必要な転写電界の範囲を狹め、転写ニップ外の転写電界を小さく制御するようにした画像形成装置が知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
特開2003−57959号公報
Incidentally, as one of the causes of image deterioration in the primary transfer portion, there is a transfer dust phenomenon in which a line image, a character image, or the like is blurred due to toner scattering. This phenomenon is caused by the toner moving from the photosensitive member to the intermediate transfer belt in the space portion upstream of the nip portion of the primary transfer portion, and it has been found that this phenomenon can be prevented by suppressing the transfer electric field upstream of the nip portion. Yes.
As a means for preventing such transfer dust, the surface resistivity on the back surface of the intermediate transfer belt is set high so that the range of the transfer electric field necessary for the transfer of the intermediate transfer belt is given and the transfer electric field outside the transfer nip is transferred. There is known an image forming apparatus in which the control is made small (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2003-57995 A

しかしながら、このような従来の画像形成装置にあっては、中間転写ベルト裏面の表面抵抗率を高く設定しているため、転写ローラ等の電圧印加部材から中間転写ベルトを介して供給される電流が流れにくく、感光体と中間転写ベルトとの剥離部に電荷が供給されにくくなって中間転写ベルト表裏の電位バランスが悪くなりやすい。そのため、一次転写部で感光体と中間転写ベルトが離間するときに剥離放電を起こし、その放電跡が画像を乱しやすいという問題点があった。
この発明は上記の点に鑑みてなされたものであり、上述したような中間転写方式を用いたフルカラーの画像形成装置において、簡単な構成で一次転写部における感光体と中間転写ベルトとの離間時の剥離放電を防止して良好な画像を形成し得る画像形成装置を提供することを目的とする。
However, in such a conventional image forming apparatus, since the surface resistivity on the back surface of the intermediate transfer belt is set high, a current supplied from a voltage application member such as a transfer roller via the intermediate transfer belt is not supplied. It is difficult to flow, and it is difficult for electric charges to be supplied to the peeled portion between the photosensitive member and the intermediate transfer belt, and the potential balance between the front and back surfaces of the intermediate transfer belt tends to deteriorate. Therefore, there has been a problem that peeling discharge occurs when the photoreceptor and the intermediate transfer belt are separated from each other in the primary transfer portion, and the discharge trace easily disturbs the image.
The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and in the full-color image forming apparatus using the intermediate transfer system as described above, when the photosensitive member and the intermediate transfer belt are separated from each other in the primary transfer unit with a simple configuration. An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus capable of preventing the peeling discharge and forming a good image.

この発明は上記の目的を達成するため、画像情報に応じたトナー像が形成される像担持体と、この像担持体にニップ部で圧接し複数本のローラに張架された無端状の中間転写ベルトと、上記像担持体のトナー像を上記中間転写ベルトに転写する一次転写手段と、上記中間転写ベルトに転写して保持されたトナー像を、記録媒体に一括転写する二次転写手段とを有する中間転写方式を用いたフルカラーの画像形成装置において、
上記ニップ部の最下流点近傍に上記中間転写ベルトへ電荷を供給する電圧印加部材を設け、
上記電圧印加部材は上記位置一次転写手段の転写ローラであって、上記中間転写ベルトを介して上記像担持体へ圧接させるように配設され、
上記中間転写ベルトは、裏面の表面抵抗率が1010〜1012Ω/□であり、
上記転写ローラの下流側に、上記中間転写ベルトを張架する上記複数本のローラとは別に上記中間転写ベルトを上記像担持体に圧接してニップ部を形成するテンションローラを設け、
上記像担持体の中心と上記転写ローラの中心とを通る直線と、上記ニップ部の最下流点との距離が2mm以下である画像形成装置を提供する。
In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention provides an image carrier on which a toner image corresponding to image information is formed, and an endless intermediate member that is in pressure contact with the image carrier at a nip portion and stretched between a plurality of rollers. A transfer belt; primary transfer means for transferring the toner image on the image carrier to the intermediate transfer belt; and secondary transfer means for collectively transferring the toner images transferred and held on the intermediate transfer belt to a recording medium. In a full-color image forming apparatus using an intermediate transfer system having
A voltage application member that supplies electric charges to the intermediate transfer belt is provided near the most downstream point of the nip portion.
The voltage application member is a transfer roller of the position primary transfer unit, and is disposed so as to be pressed against the image carrier via the intermediate transfer belt,
The intermediate transfer belt has a back surface resistivity of 10 10 to 10 12 Ω / □,
A tension roller that forms a nip portion by pressing the intermediate transfer belt against the image carrier separately from the plurality of rollers that stretch the intermediate transfer belt is provided on the downstream side of the transfer roller.
Provided is an image forming apparatus in which a distance between a straight line passing through the center of the image carrier and the center of the transfer roller and a most downstream point of the nip portion is 2 mm or less.

また、上記転写ローラは、硬度がアスカーC硬度で50以下であるようにするのがよい。 Further, it is preferable that the transfer roller has an Asker C hardness of 50 or less.

この発明による中間転写方式を用いたフルカラーの画像形成装置は上記のように、一次転写手段のニップ部最下流点近傍に電圧印加部材として転写ローラを設けて中間転写ベルトへ電荷の供給を行うようにしたので、ニップ部最下流点における中間転写ベルト表裏の電位バランスが整えられ、剥離放電を抑制して放電跡や転写チリの発生を有効に防止することができる。特に、上記中間転写ベルトの裏面の表面抵抗率を1010〜1012Ω/□にしたことにより、転写チリの発生を画像が満足できるレベル内に収め、放電跡の発生も問題のない範囲内に納めることができる。
さらに、その電圧印加部材としての転写ローラの下流側に、中間転写ベルトを張架する上記複数本のローラとは別に中間転写ベルトを像担持体に圧接してニップ部を形成するテンションローラを設けたことにより、予めテンションローラによってニップ部が形成された後に転写ローラを配設することができ、転写ローラを安定した圧力で感光体に圧接させて転写ムラを防止することができると共に、圧接圧力を最小限に抑えることが可能になり、圧力に起因する転写中抜けを防止することもできる。
In the full-color image forming apparatus using the intermediate transfer system according to the present invention, as described above, a transfer roller is provided as a voltage application member in the vicinity of the most downstream point of the nip portion of the primary transfer unit to supply charges to the intermediate transfer belt. Therefore, the potential balance between the front and back surfaces of the intermediate transfer belt at the most downstream point of the nip portion is adjusted, and the peeling discharge can be suppressed to effectively prevent the occurrence of discharge traces and transfer dust. In particular, by setting the surface resistivity of the back surface of the intermediate transfer belt to 10 10 to 10 12 Ω / □, the generation of transfer dust is kept within a level where the image can be satisfied, and the occurrence of discharge traces is within the range where there is no problem. Can be paid.
Further, a tension roller is provided on the downstream side of the transfer roller as the voltage application member, in addition to the plurality of rollers for stretching the intermediate transfer belt, and presses the intermediate transfer belt against the image carrier to form a nip portion. As a result, the transfer roller can be disposed after the nip portion has been formed in advance by the tension roller, and the transfer roller can be pressed against the photoconductor with a stable pressure to prevent transfer unevenness and the pressure contact pressure. Can be suppressed to a minimum, and transfer omission due to pressure can also be prevented.

以下、この発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて具体的に説明する。
図5はこの発明を実施する画像形成装置を示す全体構成図であり、ここではその一例としてカラー複写機を示している。このカラー複写機は中間転写ベルト10を用いたタンデム型の電子写真装置であり、最下部に給紙テーブル2を、その上方に複写装置本体1を、さらにその上部にスキャナ3及び原稿自動給送装置(ADF)4をそれぞれ設けてある。
複写装置本体1には、ほぼ中央に無端状の中間転写ベルト10を備えた転写装置20が設けてあり、中間転写ベルト10は駆動ローラ9と従動ローラ15,16とにより張架され、図で時計方向に回動し、上記従動ローラ15の左方に設けられているクリーニング装置17により、画像転写後その表面に残留する残留トナーが除去されて転写装置20による再度の画像形成に備えられる。
駆動ローラ9と従動ローラ15との間に架け渡された直線状の中間転写ベルト10の上方には、その移動方向に沿って、イエロー,シアン,マゼンタ,ブラックの4つの画像形成部を構成するドラム状の感光体40Y,40C,40M,40K(以下、特定しない場合には単に感光体40という)を、それぞれ図で反時計方向に回転可能に設けてあり、その回りには公知の帯電装置60、現像装置61、一次転写手段を構成する一次転写装置62、感光体クリーニング装置63、除電装置64をそれぞれ設けてあり、感光体40の上方には露光装置20を設けてある。
Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 5 is an overall configuration diagram showing an image forming apparatus embodying the present invention. Here, a color copying machine is shown as an example. This color copying machine is a tandem type electrophotographic apparatus using an intermediate transfer belt 10, a paper feeding table 2 at the bottom, a copying machine main body 1 above it, and a scanner 3 and automatic document feeding at the top. A device (ADF) 4 is provided.
The copying apparatus main body 1 is provided with a transfer device 20 having an endless intermediate transfer belt 10 at the substantially center. The intermediate transfer belt 10 is stretched by a driving roller 9 and driven rollers 15 and 16, and is shown in the figure. The residual toner remaining on the surface after image transfer is removed by the cleaning device 17 that rotates clockwise and is provided on the left side of the driven roller 15, so that the transfer device 20 can prepare for another image formation.
Four image forming portions of yellow, cyan, magenta, and black are formed above the linear intermediate transfer belt 10 spanned between the driving roller 9 and the driven roller 15 along the moving direction. Drum-shaped photoconductors 40Y, 40C, 40M, and 40K (hereinafter simply referred to as photoconductors 40 unless otherwise specified) are provided so as to be rotatable counterclockwise in the figure, and around them are known charging devices. 60, a developing device 61, a primary transfer device 62 constituting a primary transfer means, a photoconductor cleaning device 63, and a charge eliminating device 64 are provided, and an exposure device 20 is provided above the photoconductor 40.

一方、中間転写ベルト10の下側には二次転写手段を構成する二次転写装置22を設けてある。この二次転写装置22は、一対のローラ23,23間に無端状の二次転写ベルト24を架け渡したものであり、この二次転写ベルト24が中間転写ベルト10を介して従動ローラ16に圧接するようになっている。そして、この二次転写装置22が、二次転写ベルト24と中間転写ベルト10との間に送り込まれる記録媒体としてのシートPに、中間転写ベルト10上のトナー画像を一括転写する。
二次転写装置22のシート搬送方向下流側には、シートP上に形成されたトナー画像を定着する定着装置25を設けてあり、無端状の定着ベルト26に加圧ローラ27が圧接されており、画像転写後のシートPは二次転写装置22により定着装置25へ搬送される。なお、この二次転写装置22は転写ローラや非接触のチャージャを用いた転写装置であっても差し支えない。そして、この二次転写装置22の下側には、シート表裏両面に画像を形成する際にシートPを反転させるシート反転装置28を設けてある。
On the other hand, a secondary transfer device 22 constituting a secondary transfer unit is provided below the intermediate transfer belt 10. The secondary transfer device 22 has an endless secondary transfer belt 24 bridged between a pair of rollers 23, 23. The secondary transfer belt 24 is connected to the driven roller 16 via the intermediate transfer belt 10. It comes to come in pressure contact. The secondary transfer device 22 collectively transfers the toner images on the intermediate transfer belt 10 onto a sheet P as a recording medium fed between the secondary transfer belt 24 and the intermediate transfer belt 10.
A fixing device 25 for fixing the toner image formed on the sheet P is provided downstream of the secondary transfer device 22 in the sheet conveying direction, and a pressure roller 27 is in pressure contact with the endless fixing belt 26. The sheet P after the image transfer is conveyed to the fixing device 25 by the secondary transfer device 22. The secondary transfer device 22 may be a transfer device using a transfer roller or a non-contact charger. A sheet reversing device 28 for reversing the sheet P when an image is formed on both the front and back surfaces of the sheet is provided below the secondary transfer device 22.

上記のような構成からなるカラー複写機でカラーのコピーをとるときは、通常、原稿自動給送装置4の原稿台30上に原稿をセットするが、手動で原稿をセットする場合には、原稿自動給送装置4を開いてスキャナ3のコンタクトガラス32上に原稿をセットし、この原稿を原稿自動給送装置4を閉じることによりコンタクトガラス32へ押圧する。   When making a color copy with the color copying machine having the above-described configuration, the document is usually set on the document table 30 of the automatic document feeder 4, but when the document is manually set, The automatic feeding device 4 is opened, an original is set on the contact glass 32 of the scanner 3, and the original is pressed against the contact glass 32 by closing the automatic original feeding device 4.

次に、図示しないスタートスイッチを押すと、原稿自動給送装置4に原稿をセットしたときは原稿が自動でコンタクトガラス32上に給送され、手動でコンタクトガラス32上にセットしたときは直ちにスキャナ3が作動し、第一走行体33及び第二走行体34が走行を開始する。これにより、第一走行体33の光源からの光が原稿に向けて照射され、原稿面からの反射光が第一走行体33のミラーにより第二走行体34の方向に反射され、さらに第二走行体34の一対のミラーにより180度方向を変えて結像レンズ35を通り読取りセンサ36に入射して原稿の内容が読み取られる。
また、上述したスタートスイッチの押下により、中間転写ベルト10が回動を開始すると同時に各感光体40Y,40C,40M,40Kも回動を開始してそれぞれの感光体上にイエロー,シアン,マゼンタ,ブラックの各単色画像を形成する。このようにして各感光体上に形成された各単色画像は、図で時計方向に回動する中間転写ベルト10上に各一次転写装置62によって、重ね合わせて順次転写されてフルカラーの合成カラー画像が形成される。
Next, when a start switch (not shown) is pressed, when the document is set on the automatic document feeder 4, the document is automatically fed onto the contact glass 32. When the document is manually set on the contact glass 32, the scanner is immediately scanned. 3 operates, and the first traveling body 33 and the second traveling body 34 start traveling. Thereby, the light from the light source of the first traveling body 33 is emitted toward the document, the reflected light from the document surface is reflected by the mirror of the first traveling body 33 toward the second traveling body 34, and further the second A direction of 180 degrees is changed by a pair of mirrors of the traveling body 34, passes through the imaging lens 35, and enters the reading sensor 36 to read the contents of the document.
Further, when the start switch is pressed, the intermediate transfer belt 10 starts rotating, and at the same time, the photosensitive members 40Y, 40C, 40M, and 40K also start rotating, and yellow, cyan, magenta, Each black monochrome image is formed. Each single-color image formed on each photoconductor in this way is superimposed and sequentially transferred onto each intermediate transfer belt 62 on the intermediate transfer belt 10 that rotates in the clockwise direction in the drawing, and is a full-color composite color image. Is formed.

一方、給紙テーブル2内の選択された給紙段の給紙ローラ42が回転し、ペーパバンク43内の選択された給紙カセット44からシートPが繰り出され、分離ローラ45により一枚に分離されて給紙路46に搬送される。繰り出されたシートPは搬送ローラ47により複写機本体1の給紙路48に搬送され、レジストローラ49に当接して一旦停止状態になる。なお、手差し給紙の場合には、手差しトレイ51上にセットされたシートPが給紙ローラ50の回転により繰り出され、分離ローラ52により一枚に分離されて手差し給紙路53に搬送され、レジストローラ49に当接して一旦停止状態になる。   On the other hand, the sheet feeding roller 42 of the selected sheet feeding stage in the sheet feeding table 2 rotates, and the sheet P is fed out from the selected sheet feeding cassette 44 in the paper bank 43 and separated into one sheet by the separation roller 45. And conveyed to the paper feed path 46. The fed sheet P is conveyed by the conveying roller 47 to the sheet feeding path 48 of the copying machine main body 1 and comes into contact with the registration roller 49 to be temporarily stopped. In the case of manual sheet feeding, the sheet P set on the manual sheet feeding tray 51 is fed out by the rotation of the sheet feeding roller 50, separated into one sheet by the separation roller 52, and conveyed to the manual sheet feeding path 53. It comes into contact with the registration roller 49 and temporarily stops.

いずれの場合でも、レジストローラ49は中間転写ベルト10上のカラー画像に合わせた正確なタイミングで回転を開始し、停止状態にあったシートPを中間転写ベルト10と二次転写装置22との間に送り込み、シートP上に上記の二次転写装置22によりカラー画像を転写する。カラー画像が転写されたシートPは、搬送機能も有する二次転写装置22により、定着装置25へ搬送され、加熱,加圧されて転写画像が定着された後、切換爪55により排出側に案内され、排出ローラ56により排紙トレイ57上に排出されてスタックされる。
なお、両面コピーモードが選択されている場合には、表面に画像を形成したシートPは切換爪55によりシート反転装置28側に搬送され、反転して再び転写位置へ導かれ、裏面に画像が形成された後、排出ローラ56により排紙トレイ57上に排出される。
また、ブラック単色画像を中間転写ベルト10上に形成する場合には、駆動ローラ9以外の従動ローラ15,16を移動させてイエロー,シアン,マゼンタの感光体40Y,40C,40Mを中間転写ベルト10から離間させるようにしている。なお、図2に示したタンデム型でなく、感光体が一つしかない所謂1ドラム型の画像形成装置にあっては、ファーストコピー速度を早くするために、最初にブラック作像をするのが一般的であり、その後原稿がカラーの場合のみ残りの色の作像を行うようにしている。
In any case, the registration roller 49 starts to rotate at an accurate timing according to the color image on the intermediate transfer belt 10, and the sheet P that has been stopped is placed between the intermediate transfer belt 10 and the secondary transfer device 22. The color image is transferred onto the sheet P by the secondary transfer device 22 described above. The sheet P on which the color image has been transferred is conveyed to the fixing device 25 by the secondary transfer device 22 having a conveying function, and is heated and pressed to fix the transferred image, and then guided to the discharge side by the switching claw 55. Then, the paper is discharged onto the paper discharge tray 57 by the discharge roller 56 and stacked.
When the double-sided copy mode is selected, the sheet P on which the image is formed on the front surface is conveyed to the sheet reversing device 28 side by the switching claw 55, reversed and guided again to the transfer position, and the image is formed on the back surface. After being formed, the paper is discharged onto a paper discharge tray 57 by a discharge roller 56.
Further, when a black monochrome image is formed on the intermediate transfer belt 10, the driven rollers 15 and 16 other than the driving roller 9 are moved so that the yellow, cyan, and magenta photoreceptors 40 Y, 40 C, and 40 M are transferred to the intermediate transfer belt 10. It is trying to keep away from. In the so-called one-drum type image forming apparatus having only one photoconductor, instead of the tandem type shown in FIG. 2, black image formation is performed first in order to increase the first copy speed. Generally, the remaining colors are imaged only when the original is in color.

このような構成において、レジストローラ49は通常接地されて用いられることが多いが、シートPの紙粉除去のためにバイアスを印加することもできる。例えば径18mmで表面を厚さ1mmの導電性NBRゴムで被覆した導電性のゴムローラを用いてバイアスを印加する場合、ゴム材の体積抵抗は10Ωcm程度であり、トナーを転写する側(表面側)に−800V程度の電圧を印加し、シート裏面側には+200V程度の電圧を印加する。一般的に中間転写方式では紙粉が感光体にまで移動しにくいため、紙粉転写を考慮する必要が少なく、アースになっていても差支えない。また、印加電圧として一般にDCバイアスが印加されているが、シートをより均一に帯電させるため、DCオフセット成分を持ったAC電圧を印加することも可能である。
このようにバイアスを印加したレジストローラを通過した後のシート表面は、若干マイナス側に帯電しているため、中間転写ベルトからシートへの転写では、レジストローラに電圧を印加しなかった場合に比して転写条件が変わり、転写条件を変更する場合もある。
In such a configuration, the registration roller 49 is usually used while being grounded, but a bias can be applied to remove the paper dust from the sheet P. For example, when a bias is applied using a conductive rubber roller having a diameter of 18 mm and a surface coated with a conductive NBR rubber having a thickness of 1 mm, the volume resistance of the rubber material is about 10 9 Ωcm, and the toner transfer side (surface Side) and a voltage of about +200 V is applied to the back side of the sheet. In general, in the intermediate transfer system, paper dust is difficult to move to the photoconductor, so there is little need to consider paper dust transfer, and even if it is grounded. Although a DC bias is generally applied as the applied voltage, an AC voltage having a DC offset component can be applied to charge the sheet more uniformly.
Since the surface of the sheet after passing through the registration roller to which the bias is applied in this way is slightly charged to the negative side, the transfer from the intermediate transfer belt to the sheet is compared with the case where no voltage is applied to the registration roller. As a result, the transfer conditions change and the transfer conditions may be changed.

ところで、上記のような中間転写方式の画像形成装置では、放電跡が画面上に現れて画質を損なう場合がある。この放電跡は各種の原因によって発生するが、その一つは、すでに述べたように、一次転写部において感光体と中間転写ベルトが剥離するときに生ずる剥離放電が原因であり、その剥離放電は中間転写ベルト表裏の電位バランスが悪いと発生しやすくなることが発明者の度重なる実験結果から判明した。以下、中間転写ベルト表裏の電位バランスを整える具体的構成を各実施例について説明する。   By the way, in the intermediate transfer type image forming apparatus as described above, discharge traces may appear on the screen and the image quality may be impaired. This trace of discharge is caused by various causes, one of which is caused by the peeling discharge that occurs when the photoreceptor and the intermediate transfer belt are peeled off at the primary transfer portion, as described above. It has been found from the results of repeated experiments by the inventor that the problem tends to occur when the potential balance between the front and back surfaces of the intermediate transfer belt is poor. Hereinafter, a specific configuration for adjusting the potential balance between the front and back of the intermediate transfer belt will be described for each of the examples.

図1は、図5における一次転写部である一次転写手段を構成する一次転写装置62の詳細を示す構成図である。
この一次転写装置62は、反時計方向に回転する感光体40と、複数本のローラ(図5に示した駆動ローラ9と従動ローラ15,16)に張架されて矢示X方向に移動する中間転写ベルト10と、中間転写ベルト10の裏面側に従動回転自在に内接し、図で上方へ付勢することにより中間転写ベルト10の表面側(図1で上側)を感光体40に圧接させてニップ部Nを形成するテンションローラ5と、ニップ部最下流点Aで中間転写ベルト10の裏面側に接触して時計方向に従動回転するローラ部材としての転写ローラ6と、転写ローラ6にバイアス電圧を印加する転写バイアス電源7とからなっている。なお、上記の転写ローラ6は、その硬度をアスカーC硬度で50以下とする。
さらに、図1に示すように転写ローラ6の下流側に、中間転写ベルト10を張架する上記複数本のローラとは別に中間転写ベルト10を像担持体である感光体40に圧接してニップ部を形成するテンションローラ5を設けている。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing details of the primary transfer device 62 constituting the primary transfer means which is the primary transfer unit in FIG.
The primary transfer device 62 is stretched around the photosensitive member 40 rotating in the counterclockwise direction and a plurality of rollers ( the driving roller 9 and the driven rollers 15 and 16 shown in FIG. 5 ) and moves in the arrow X direction. The intermediate transfer belt 10 is inscribed in a freely rotatable manner following the back side of the intermediate transfer belt 10 and is biased upward in the drawing to press the surface side (upper side in FIG. 1) of the intermediate transfer belt 10 to the photoreceptor 40. A tension roller 5 that forms a nip portion N, a transfer roller 6 as a roller member that contacts the back surface side of the intermediate transfer belt 10 at the most downstream point A of the nip portion and rotates in a clockwise direction, and a bias to the transfer roller 6 It comprises a transfer bias power supply 7 for applying a voltage. The transfer roller 6 has an Asker C hardness of 50 or less.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, on the downstream side of the transfer roller 6, the intermediate transfer belt 10 is pressed against a photoconductor 40 as an image carrier separately from the plurality of rollers that stretch the intermediate transfer belt 10. A tension roller 5 for forming the portion is provided.

また、図1では、感光体40の中心C40と転写ローラ6の中心C6とを結ぶ直線Laがニップ部Nの最下流点Nを通る場合を示しているが、図2は、転写ローラ6の位置を変化させた場合の上述した剥離放電に起因する放電跡の発生状態を調べるため、転写ローラ6を図1に示す位置から下流側又は上流側へ変化させた状態の要部を拡大して示している。この図2では、転写ローラ6a(図1の転写ローラ6と同位置)の中心C6aと感光体40の中心C40(図1参照)を通る直線Laが中間転写ベルト10の表面を通る点(ニップ部最終点A)から下流側及び上流側に距離Db,Dc(任意のものを距離Dという)だけずれた直線Lb,Lc(任意のものを直線Lという)上に中心C6b,C6cを有する転写ローラ6b,6cも示されている。なお、上記の距離Db,Dcの符号については、直線Laがニップ部最下流点Aを通る場合を0、それより下流の直線Lb上に転写ローラ6bの中心C6bがある場合(Db)をマイナス(−)、それより上流の直線Lc上に転写ローラ6cの中心C6cがある場合(Dc)をプラス(+)とする。   1 shows a case where a straight line La connecting the center C40 of the photoconductor 40 and the center C6 of the transfer roller 6 passes through the most downstream point N of the nip portion N. However, FIG. In order to examine the occurrence state of the discharge trace caused by the above-described peeling discharge when the position is changed, the main part in the state where the transfer roller 6 is changed from the position shown in FIG. 1 to the downstream side or the upstream side is enlarged. Show. In FIG. 2, a straight line La passing through the center C6a of the transfer roller 6a (same position as the transfer roller 6 in FIG. 1) and the center C40 of the photoreceptor 40 (see FIG. 1) passes through the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 10 (nip). Transfer having centers C6b and C6c on straight lines Lb and Lc (arbitrary thing is called straight line L) shifted by distances Db and Dc (arbitrary thing is called distance D) on the downstream side and upstream side from the final point A) Rollers 6b and 6c are also shown. Regarding the signs of the above distances Db and Dc, 0 is obtained when the straight line La passes through the nip portion most downstream point A, and minus is obtained when the center C6b of the transfer roller 6b is on the straight line Lb downstream thereof (Db). (−), And (Dc) when the center C6c of the transfer roller 6c is on the straight line Lc upstream thereof is defined as plus (+).

さらに、この実施例においては、中間転写ベルト10の裏面の表面抵抗率を変更した場合の放電跡発生状態についても調査を行っている。
中間転写ベルトの材料としては、ポリイミドを用いており、ポリアミック酸の溶液中にカーボンブラックを分散させ、その分散液を金属ドラムに流入して乾燥させた後、金属ドラムから剥離したフィルムを高温度下で伸長させてポリイミドフィルムを形成し、適当な大きさに切り出してポリイミド樹脂からなる無端状のベルトを作製するようにした。フィルム成形は一般的な方法に従って、カーボンブラックを分散したポリマー溶液を円筒金型に注入し、100〜200℃に加熱しつつ円筒金型を回転させて遠心成形によりフィルム状に成膜した。このようにして得られたフィルムを半硬化した状態で脱型して鉄芯に被せ、300〜450℃でポリイミド化反応を進行させ硬化させて中間転写ベルトを得るようにした。このとき、カーボン量,焼成温度,硬化速度等を変更してベルト裏面の表面抵抗率が1×1010〜1×1012Ω/□となるように調整した。なお、抵抗値の測定に際しては、温度23℃,湿度50%の環境でハイレスタUP(MCP−HT450)高抵抗率計(三菱化学製)によって測定した値であり、プローブは同社のURSプローブ(MCP−HTP14)を用い、印加電圧は500Vとした。
Further, in this embodiment, the state of occurrence of discharge trace when the surface resistivity of the back surface of the intermediate transfer belt 10 is changed is also investigated.
As the material of the intermediate transfer belt, polyimide is used. Carbon black is dispersed in a polyamic acid solution, the dispersion is poured into a metal drum, dried, and then the film peeled off from the metal drum is heated to a high temperature. A polyimide film was formed by stretching under, and cut into an appropriate size to produce an endless belt made of polyimide resin. According to a general method, film formation was performed by injecting a polymer solution in which carbon black was dispersed into a cylindrical mold, rotating the cylindrical mold while heating at 100 to 200 ° C., and forming a film by centrifugal molding. The film thus obtained was demolded in a semi-cured state and covered with an iron core, and the polyimide transfer reaction was allowed to proceed at 300 to 450 ° C. for curing to obtain an intermediate transfer belt. At this time, the amount of carbon, the firing temperature, the curing rate, and the like were changed to adjust the surface resistivity of the back surface of the belt to 1 × 10 10 to 1 × 10 12 Ω / □. The resistance value was measured with a Hiresta UP (MCP-HT450) high resistivity meter (Mitsubishi Chemical) in an environment of a temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 50%. -HTP14) and the applied voltage was 500V.

図3は、図2における距離Db,Dcの値を0からそれぞれ絶対値で2.5(mm)まで変化させると共に、中間転写ベルト10裏面の表面抵抗率を1×109.3Ω/□から1×1013Ω/□まで変化させて画像形成を行った場合の放電跡発生状況を評価した結果を示すものであり、図で、○:問題なし、△:許容限界、×:許容不可のランクをそれぞれ示している。
図3を参照すると、中間転写ベルト10裏面の表面抵抗率が対数表示で9.3〜13.0の範囲内では、距離Dを絶対値で2以下とすることにより、放電跡を許容し得る範囲に収め得ることが確認される。
なお、図3では中間転写ベルト裏面の表面抵抗率が対数値で9.3である場合には、距離Dを絶対値で2.5としても放電跡が発生していないが、この領域まで中間転写ベルト裏面の表面抵抗率を低くすると、一次転写バイアスを印加したときに発生する電界が、ニップ部外においてもトナーに対して作用されやすくなって転写チリが悪化するおそれがある。逆に、上記の表面抵抗率が高すぎても放電を起こしてその放電跡が画像を乱すおそれがある。
In FIG. 3, the values of the distances Db and Dc in FIG. 2 are changed from 0 to 2.5 (mm) in absolute value, and the surface resistivity of the back surface of the intermediate transfer belt 10 is 1 × 10 9.3 Ω / □. 1 shows the results of evaluation of the occurrence of discharge traces when image formation was carried out while changing from 1 to 10 × 10 13 Ω / □. In the figure, ○: no problem, Δ: acceptable limit, x: unacceptable Each rank is shown.
Referring to FIG. 3, when the surface resistivity of the back surface of the intermediate transfer belt 10 is in a logarithmic range of 9.3 to 13.0, the trace of discharge can be allowed by setting the distance D to 2 or less in absolute value. It is confirmed that it can fall within the range.
In FIG. 3, when the surface resistivity of the back surface of the intermediate transfer belt is 9.3 logarithmically, no discharge trace is generated even if the distance D is 2.5 in absolute value. When the surface resistivity on the back surface of the transfer belt is lowered, the electric field generated when the primary transfer bias is applied is likely to act on the toner even outside the nip portion, and transfer dust may be deteriorated. On the other hand, even if the surface resistivity is too high, discharge may occur and the discharge trace may disturb the image.

図4は、裏面の表面抵抗率が異なる5種の中間転写ベルトを用いて実際に画像形成を行い、得られた画像上で転写チリ及び放電跡の評価を行った結果を示すものである。同図で転写チリの評価は1〜5のランク付けで行っており、画像が満足できるレベルをランク4以上とした。また、放電跡の変化は、図3の場合と同様に、○:問題なし、△:許容限界、×:許容不可の3ランクで行った。この図4では、プロットした点の上下の位置で接写チリの評価結果が示され、そのプロット点の下部に放電跡の評価が示されている。
図4を参照すると、中間転写ベルト裏面の表面抵抗率を1×1010Ω/□以上とすることにより、転写チリを画像が満足できるレベル内に収めることができ、1×1012Ω/□以下にすることにより放電跡を問題なしの範囲内に収め得ることが分かる。したがって、中間転写ベルト裏面の表面抵抗率を1×1010〜1×1012Ω/□にすることにより、転写チリを画像が満足できるレベル内に収め、放電跡の発生も問題のない範囲内に収めることが可能になる。
FIG. 4 shows the results of actual image formation using five types of intermediate transfer belts having different surface resistivity on the back surface, and evaluation of transfer dust and discharge traces on the obtained image. In the figure, the transfer dust is evaluated with a rating of 1 to 5, and the level at which the image is satisfactory is ranked 4 or higher. Similarly to the case of FIG. 3, the change in the discharge trace was performed in three ranks: ◯: no problem, Δ: acceptable limit, x: unacceptable. In FIG. 4, the evaluation result of close-up dust is shown at positions above and below the plotted point, and the evaluation of the discharge trace is shown below the plotted point.
Referring to FIG. 4, by setting the surface resistivity of the back surface of the intermediate transfer belt to 1 × 10 10 Ω / □ or more, transfer dust can be kept within a satisfactory level of the image, and 1 × 10 12 Ω / □. It can be seen that the discharge trace can be kept within the range without problems by the following. Therefore, by setting the surface resistivity of the back surface of the intermediate transfer belt to 1 × 10 10 to 1 × 10 12 Ω / □, the transfer dust is kept within a level where the image can be satisfied, and the occurrence of discharge traces is within the range where there is no problem. It becomes possible to fit in.

なお、この実施例では、前述のように、転写ローラ6の硬度をアスカーC硬度で50以下としたので、中間転写ベルトに圧接された状態では転写ローラ6が若干変形して中間転写ベルトとの接触面積が拡大し、広範囲に中間転写ベルトへ電荷を供給することができる。そのため、ニップ部最下流点にも確実に電荷が供給され、剥離放電を有効に抑制することができる。同時に、接触面積が大きくなったため、圧接圧力の局所集中が緩和されてトナー層にかかる圧力も分散され、集中圧力に起因する転写中抜けも防止される。
また、電圧印加部材がローラ部材であるため、中間転写ベルトの移動を阻害するおそれがなく、画像の乱れを防止することができる。そして、そのローラ部材を一次転写手段の転写ローラとしたので、ローラの本数が少なくなって一次転写装置を小型化することが可能になり、その転写ローラをニップ部下流側に設けることにより、ニップ部前の転写電界を小さく抑えることができ、ニップ部前に転写電界によってトナーが移動して転写チリとなり画像を劣化させることを有効に防止することが可能になる。
さらに、転写ローラの下流側に中間転写ベルト10を張架する駆動ローラ9及び従動ローラ15,16とは別にテンションローラを配設するようにしたので、予め上記テンションローラによってニップ部が形成された後に転写ローラを配設することができ、転写ローラを安定した圧力で感光体に圧接させて転写ムラを防止することができると共に、圧接圧力を最小限に抑えることが可能になり、圧力に起因する転写中抜けを防止することもできる。
In this embodiment, as described above, since the hardness of the transfer roller 6 is 50 or less in Asker C hardness, the transfer roller 6 is slightly deformed in a state where it is pressed against the intermediate transfer belt. The contact area is enlarged, and charges can be supplied to the intermediate transfer belt over a wide range. Therefore, the electric charge is reliably supplied to the most downstream point of the nip portion, and peeling discharge can be effectively suppressed. At the same time, since the contact area is increased, the local concentration of the pressure is alleviated and the pressure applied to the toner layer is also dispersed, so that the transfer omission due to the concentrated pressure is prevented.
Further, since the voltage applying member is a roller member, there is no possibility of hindering the movement of the intermediate transfer belt, and image disturbance can be prevented. Since the roller member is the transfer roller of the primary transfer means, the number of rollers can be reduced and the primary transfer device can be downsized. By providing the transfer roller on the downstream side of the nip portion, The transfer electric field in front of the portion can be suppressed to a small level, and it is possible to effectively prevent the toner from being moved by the transfer electric field in front of the nip portion to cause transfer dust and image deterioration.
Further, since the tension roller is disposed separately from the driving roller 9 and the driven rollers 15 and 16 for stretching the intermediate transfer belt 10 on the downstream side of the transfer roller, a nip portion is formed in advance by the tension roller. A transfer roller can be installed later, and the transfer roller can be pressed against the photoconductor with a stable pressure to prevent transfer unevenness, and the pressure contact pressure can be minimized. It is also possible to prevent the transfer from being lost.

この発明による画像形成装置の一実施例の一次転写部を示す構成図である。1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a primary transfer portion of an embodiment of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention. 図1に示した転写ローラの各配設位置を、図1の要部を拡大して示す説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the arrangement positions of the transfer roller shown in FIG. 1 by enlarging the main part of FIG. 1. 図2に示した転写ローラの各配設位置における放電跡発生状況を、裏面の表面抵抗率がそれぞれ異なる複数の中間転写ベルトに形成した画像について評価した結果を示す説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the results of evaluating the discharge trace occurrence state at each placement position of the transfer roller shown in FIG. 2 for images formed on a plurality of intermediate transfer belts having different surface resistivity on the back surface. 図1に示した中間転写ベルト裏面の表面抵抗率と転写チリ及び放電跡発生状況との関係を示す線図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the surface resistivity on the back surface of the intermediate transfer belt shown in FIG. この発明を実施する画像形成装置の一例を示す全体構成図である。1 is an overall configuration diagram illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus that implements the present invention.

5:テンションローラ 6:転写ローラ 7:転写バイアス電源
10:中間転写ベルト 40:感光体
5: Tension roller 6: Transfer roller 7: Transfer bias power supply
10: Intermediate transfer belt 40: Photoconductor

Claims (2)

画像情報に応じたトナー像が形成される像担持体と、該像担持体にニップ部で圧接し複数本のローラに張架された無端状の中間転写ベルトと、前記像担持体のトナー像を前記中間転写ベルトに転写する一次転写手段と、前記中間転写ベルトに転写して保持されたトナー像を、記録媒体に一括転写する二次転写手段とを有する中間転写方式を用いたフルカラーの画像形成装置において、
前記ニップ部の最下流点近傍に前記中間転写ベルトへ電荷を供給する電圧印加部材を設け、
前記電圧印加部材は前記一次転写手段の転写ローラであって、前記中間転写ベルトを介して前記像担持体へ圧接させるように配設され、
前記中間転写ベルトは、裏面の表面抵抗率が1010〜1012Ω/□であり、
前記転写ローラの下流側に、前記中間転写ベルトを張架する前記複数本のローラとは別に前記中間転写ベルトを前記像担持体に圧接してニップ部を形成するテンションローラを設け、
前記像担持体の中心と前記転写ローラの中心とを通る直線と、前記ニップ部の最下流点との距離が2mm以下であることを特徴とする画像形成装置。
An image carrier on which a toner image corresponding to image information is formed, an endless intermediate transfer belt that is pressed against the image carrier at a nip portion and stretched around a plurality of rollers, and a toner image on the image carrier A full-color image using an intermediate transfer system, comprising: a primary transfer unit that transfers the toner image to the intermediate transfer belt; and a secondary transfer unit that collectively transfers a toner image transferred and held on the intermediate transfer belt to a recording medium. In the forming device,
A voltage applying member for supplying electric charge to the intermediate transfer belt is provided near the most downstream point of the nip portion;
The voltage application member is a transfer roller of the primary transfer unit, and is disposed so as to be in pressure contact with the image carrier via the intermediate transfer belt.
The intermediate transfer belt has a back surface resistivity of 10 10 to 10 12 Ω / □,
In addition to the plurality of rollers that stretch the intermediate transfer belt, a tension roller that presses the intermediate transfer belt against the image carrier to form a nip portion is provided on the downstream side of the transfer roller.
An image forming apparatus, wherein a distance between a straight line passing through a center of the image carrier and a center of the transfer roller and a most downstream point of the nip portion is 2 mm or less.
前記転写ローラは、硬度がアスカーC硬度で50以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の画像形成装置。   The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transfer roller has an Asker C hardness of 50 or less.
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