JP4584819B2 - Load monitoring control method and system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a startup control system for load devices of a plurality of consumers in a small-scale system such as an apartment house or a microgrid, and relates to a load monitoring control system that suppresses a peak load at startup.

  The load device consumes a considerably large amount of power at the time of startup compared to the power consumption in the steady state. In general, when there are a plurality of load devices, the power increase is determined by reducing a certain ratio in consideration of the probability of starting up the total power increase of each device.

  If it is the same customer, it is relatively easy to shift the start timing, but it is difficult to adjust between different customers, and it is necessary to estimate the probability of simultaneous startup between the consumers higher than the case of the same customer There is. Needless to say, the electric power required in a consumer group such as a consumer or an apartment house corresponds to contract electric power.

  In Patent Document 1, as a means for reducing contract power, a load with low priority is automatically detected when the power usage amount is predicted to exceed the contract power amount while monitoring the operating state of the demand control device. A demand controller that stops is proposed.

JP 2003-250220 A

  In the above prior art, when there is a risk of exceeding the contract power, the method of automatically stopping the load with low priority is to reduce the required power including the startup, in other words, to reduce the contract power Are better.

  However, it is necessary to constantly monitor the operating state, and when applied to an existing small-scale system, the cost of the controller is high, and installation and wiring are difficult.

  In view of the problems of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a load monitoring and control system that can be easily wired with a simple controller limited to load control at startup.

  The present invention for achieving the above object is a load monitoring control method for a small-scale system in which a plurality of load devices are connected to a distribution line connected to a commercial system at one location, and a start command is issued for each load device. And a first switch group that can be operated by the user and a second switch group for transmitting a start execution command for each load device, and start commands from a plurality of first switches are received within a predetermined time. At some time, the priority order and the start time set for the load device are read in advance, the start delay time based on the start time is set in the order of priority and between the devices, and the corresponding second switch is sequentially set. It is characterized by starting.

  In addition, the present invention is a load monitoring and control device for a small-scale system in which a plurality of load devices are connected to a distribution line connected to a commercial system at a single location, and a start command is given to each load device, which is operated by a user. A possible first switch group, a second switch group for transmitting a start execution command for each load device, a database for storing a priority order of start and a start delay time for each load device, A monitoring device is provided that receives a start command from a switch, reads the priority order and the start delay time with reference to the database, and gives a start execution command to the corresponding second switch according to the priority order and the start delay time. It is characterized by.

  While the user activates the load device at a necessary timing, it is possible to suppress the addition of the peak power due to the overlapping of loads at the time of activation, and the contract power can be kept low. Moreover, the monitoring device is simple and low-cost and can be easily installed on an existing distribution line.

  Furthermore, in a small-scale system (microgrid) interconnected with a commercial system, an effect of suppressing power fluctuation at the connection point with the commercial system can be obtained simultaneously with an effect of suppressing contract power.

  BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The best embodiment of the present invention collects information related to activation from each load device of one or more consumers connected to a local distribution line connected to a commercial system at one location, and for each load device A load monitoring control system having a monitoring control device that generates a start execution command. The system has a first switch that can be controlled by the user for each load device in the consumer or customer group, and a second switch for transmitting a control command from the monitoring control device to each load device. . When a plurality of load device activation commands are issued by the first switch, the monitoring and control device has a small power consumption peak associated with the activation of the load device from the preset priority and activation time for each load device. Thus, the activation time of each load device is changed by the second switch. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a customer system diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. An apartment house composed of a plurality of consumers C1, C2, and C3 has two loads (L11, L12, to L31, L32) for each consumer, and power is supplied from the distribution substation 150. The The joint receiving point power measuring device M0 that measures the power of the entire apartment house and the power measuring devices M1, M2, and M3 at the receiving points of each consumer are installed, and the power that becomes the standard for determining contract power is monitored. Yes. The power measurement result is sent to the monitoring control device 110 as a measurement signal 140 .

  Manual activation switches S11, S12 to S31, and S32 are connected to the loads L11 to L32, respectively. Further, remote switches R11, R12 to R31, R32 are connected in series between the loads L11 to L32 and the manual start switches S11 to S32.

When the user turns on the manual activation switch S11 to activate the load L11, a manual switch operation signal 120 is sent to the monitoring control device 110. Since the remote switch R11 is cut off at this time, the load L11 is not activated. When receiving the operation signal from the manual switch S11, the monitoring control device 110 monitors the signals of the other manual switches S12 to S32 for a predetermined standby time. When it is detected that a manual switch of another load, for example, S31 , is input within the standby time, the priority order for each load, the increase in power consumption and the duration during startup are read from the database 160, and the peak of power consumption is read. The activation order of the loads L11 and L31 and the necessary activation interval are calculated so as to decrease. When the standby time has passed, a remote switch operation command 130 is transmitted to the remote switches R11 and R31 according to the activation order and the activation interval.

  The remote switches R11 and R31 that have received the remote switch operation command 130 are sequentially turned on in accordance with the order of calculation results and time, and the load L11 and the load L31 are activated. Thereby, compared with the case where the load L11 and the load L31 start simultaneously, the peak of power consumption can be suppressed.

  FIG. 2 is a flow of load monitoring and starting operation in the monitoring control apparatus. In the supervisory control device, a start signal waiting process (201) is always running. Until the activation signal from the manual operation switch is received, the standby state is set (202). When the activation signal is received, it is added to the buffer as an activation waiting load (203), and a standby time timer is started (204). When an additional activation signal is received during the waiting time (205), an activation waiting load is added (206). After waiting for an additional activation signal until the end of the waiting time (207), it is checked whether the load activation process is currently being executed (208). If the load activation process is being executed, the load activation process is terminated. Repeat the process of waiting for an additional activation signal. If the load startup process is not being executed, execution of the load startup process is started with respect to the previous startup waiting load (209), the standby time timer is stopped and reset (210), and the startup signal waiting state is returned. .

  When the load activation process starts (211), the characteristics of the activation waiting load are read from the database (217) (212), and the activation priority and activation delay time are determined (213). An ON command is transmitted to the remote switch of the load according to the determined starting order and delay time (214). The process is repeated until the input command is transmitted to all the activation waiting loads (215), and the load activation process is completed (216).

  FIG. 3 shows the transition of the signal and power consumption of each part when a plurality of loads are activated within a predetermined time (almost simultaneously). When the monitoring control device receives the activation switch operation signal 311 of the load L11 in the activation signal monitoring 310, it registers the load L11 in the processing buffer 320 as the activation waiting load. When a start switch operation signal 312 of the load L31 is received during a predetermined standby time (for example, 10 seconds), the load L31 is added to the processing buffer 320 as a start wait load.

From the activation switch operation signal 311 received load L11, if start switch operation signal 312 the time difference 325 to the reception of the load L31 is shorter, the total power consumption of the load, and increased power consumption of the load L11, consumption of the load L 31 This is a combination of the power increase portions, and the peak 361 of the total power consumption increases. In this embodiment, when the startup input time difference 325 is smaller than a predetermined value (for example, 5 seconds), the startup delay time 334 is obtained so that the startup power consumption increase portion of each load is not superimposed. A method for obtaining the activation delay time will be described with reference to FIG.

  After the standby time 323 ends, a load L11 activation command 331 is transmitted to the remote switch R11. Next, after the activation delay time 334 has elapsed, a load L31 activation command 333 is transmitted to the remote switch R31. By performing such control, the peak of power consumption of the load L31 rises later than in the case of no control, so the peak 362 of total power consumption is suppressed compared to the peak 361 in the case of no control. (363).

  FIG. 4 shows the structure of a database for obtaining the activation delay time. The load characteristics are recorded in the database 150 in advance, and the monitoring apparatus 110 reads the characteristics of the load from the database 150 when the load activation process starts (211). The database 150 stores the load name, priority, peak power consumption Pp, steady power consumption Ps, startup time Tr, and the like for each load No. The activation time Tr is the time from the start of load activation to the steady power. For the load that is waiting for activation, the activation order is determined according to the priority order, and the activation time of the first activation load and the activation delay time until the next load activation is determined. The activation delay time is determined by the activation time of the load or a predetermined ratio thereof (for example, an increase of 10% of the rating). Thereafter, the same process is repeated for the number of startup waiting loads.

  In order to determine the priority of the load, considering the convenience of the user, lighting equipment and microwave ovens, etc. that feel unnatural when there is a time lag from manual switch on to load activation, have a certain time lag It is recommended that the air conditioners that are allowed to be in the lower order.

  Further, the activation delay time is not specific to the load, but may be determined in relation to the load to be activated next. For example, in the case of indoor lighting and a microwave oven, or in the case of indoor lighting and an air conditioner, a startup delay time is set for each load combination so that the startup delay time can be changed according to the startup characteristics of the microwave oven and air conditioner. May be.

  FIG. 5 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a building air conditioner and an elevator. In a customer who jointly receives power from the commercial system 620 via the power receiving facility 621, an elevator 604, an indoor lighting 605, an air conditioning indoor unit 606, and an air conditioning outdoor unit 610 are installed. A communication line with the monitoring control device 603 is connected to each manual switch 607, 608, 609 separately from the power supply line or by a common line with the power line using power line carrier. A remote switch is connected to the power source of each load. The connection of the remote switch will be described with reference to FIG. 6 or FIG. By controlling the lighting, air conditioning, and elevator start times so that they do not overlap, peak power consumption of the entire building can be suppressed.

  FIG. 6 shows an example of a configuration in which a remote switch is connected to a load device. (A) shows the connection configuration, and shows a mode in which the load device 705 is turned on / off by turning on / off the voltage supply from the manual operation switch 701 to the power outlet 702, which is suitable for lighting equipment, ventilation fans, and the like. .

  A remote switch built-in outlet 710 is disposed between the power outlet 702 and the power plug 704 of the load device 705. That is, the plug of the remote switch built-in outlet 710 is inserted into the power outlet 702, and the power plug 704 of the load device 705 is inserted into the remote switch built-in outlet 710.

  (B) shows an outlet with a built-in remote switch, which divides the voltage of the AC input 711 from the power outlet 702 (712), and when detected by the voltage detector 715, the data is sent from the data transmitter / receiver 716 to the monitoring controller 706. Send. When a remote switch operation command is received from the monitoring control device 706, a signal is generated by the switch drive signal generation circuit 717, the contact of the remote switch 713 is closed, and a voltage is output to the AC output 718.

  According to the present embodiment, it is possible to apply a remote switch to a load device without modifying the existing load device.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of a configuration in which a remote switch is connected to a load device. (A) shows a connection configuration, and a voltage is constantly supplied to the power outlet 802, and the load device 804 is turned ON / OFF by a manual operation switch 801 connected to the load device 804 with a cable. Suitable for air conditioners and the like.

  A remote switch 810 is inserted between the load device 804 and the manual operation switch 801. When receiving the contact signal (ON / OFF) of the manual operation switch 801, the remote switch 810 transmits data from the data transmitter / receiver 812 to the monitoring control device 805 as shown in (b). When a remote switch operation command (ON / OFF) is received from the monitoring control device 805, a contact signal (ON / OFF) is output to the load device 804 (813). The load device 804 always receives a contact signal by a standby circuit (timer) that consumes a minute amount of power using the power supplied from the power plug 803, and the load device 804 that receives the contact signal turns the signal ON / OFF. Is started and stopped by an electronic switch inside the load device.

  FIG. 8 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a small-scale system (microgrid) connected to a commercial system. The small-scale system is composed of a plurality of loads and at least one power source, and has a function of controlling the power source to follow the load so that the power flow at the connection point with the commercial system is kept constant or zero.

  In the small-scale system 900 that receives power from the commercial system 901, the generated power of the generator 906 in the small-scale system is controlled so as to follow short-time fluctuations in the power consumption of the load 905. Prevent reverse power flow to the side. In addition, it is required to act as a good citizen with respect to the commercial system by suppressing short-term fluctuations in the received power measured at the power receiving point 903.

  In order to realize this, in the small-scale system, there are a terminal 904 that monitors received power and load, monitors and controls the output of the generator, and a monitoring control device 907 that determines generated power from the information collected from each terminal. is set up. Here, activation signal monitoring and remote switch functions according to the present invention are added to the terminal 904, and software for delaying activation time is added to the monitoring control device 907.

  As a result, in addition to the effect of following the load by controlling the power supply output, the power consumption fluctuation of the entire load is suppressed by the effect of the start-up time delay, and the peak power consumption in the small-scale system is suppressed. It is possible to enhance the suppression effect. In addition, in the configuration of a small-scale system, it is assumed that infrastructure such as a monitoring control device, a communication line, and a load monitoring terminal is installed from the beginning, so that no new capital investment is required for adding the present invention. is there.

The customer system diagram by one Example of this invention. The flowchart which shows the process of the monitoring control apparatus by one Example. The time chart which shows transition of the signal of each part and load electric power when a some load starts. The data block diagram of a database. The layout applied to the air conditioning and elevator in the building. The layout which connects a remote switch to load equipment. The other layout which connects a remote switch to load equipment. The system diagram which applied this invention to the small scale system | strain connected with the commercial system.

Explanation of symbols

  C1, C2, C3 ... consumer, S11, S12, S21, S22, S31, S32 ... manual switch, R11, R12, R21, R22, R31, R32 ... remote switch, L11, L12, L21, L22, L31, L32 ... load, M0 ... joint receiving point power measuring device, M1, M2, M3 ... power measuring device, 110 ... monitoring control device, 120 ... manual switch operation signal, 130 ... remote switch operation command, 140 ... power measurement signal, 150 ... Distribution substation, 160 ... database.

Claims (5)

A load monitoring and control method for a small-scale system in which a plurality of load devices are connected to a distribution line connected to a commercial system at one location,
A start command is given to each load device, a first switch group that can be operated by the user, a timer that holds the start command of the first switch group for a predetermined waiting time, and a start execution command is transmitted to each load device A second switch group for
When there is an activation command from a plurality of first switches within the waiting time determined by the timer, after waiting for an additional activation command until the end of the waiting time, confirm whether or not the load activation process is currently executed,
If the load startup process is running, repeat the process of waiting for additional startup commands until the load startup process ends,
If the load startup process is not in progress, the priority order and startup time set in advance for the load device are read in response to the startup command waiting for the previous startup command, and the startup is performed in the order of priority and between the devices. A load monitoring control method, comprising: providing a startup delay time based on time, and executing the load startup process of sequentially starting the corresponding second switches. A load monitoring and control device for a small-scale system that connects a plurality of load devices to a distribution line connected to a commercial system at one location,
A start command is given to each load device, a first switch group that can be operated by the user, a timer that holds the start command of the first switch group for a predetermined waiting time, and a start execution command is transmitted to each load device A second switch group, a database for storing startup priority and startup delay time for each load device,
When there is an activation command from a plurality of first switches within the waiting time determined by the timer, after waiting for an additional activation command until the end of the waiting time, confirm whether or not the load activation process is currently executed, If the startup process is being executed, the additional startup command wait process is repeated until the load startup process is completed. If the load startup process is not being executed, the database is compared with the startup command waiting for the previous startup command. The load monitoring control system is provided with a monitoring device that reads the priority order and the startup delay time, and gives a startup execution command to the corresponding second switch according to the priority order and the startup delay time. In claim 2,
The second switch is inserted between a power feeding terminal connected to the local distribution line via the first switch and a power receiving terminal of the load device, and detects a voltage of the power feeding terminal; It has a communication function of transmitting a signal indicating that a voltage has been detected and receiving a load start signal, and a function of generating a signal for turning on a switch between the power feeding terminal and the power receiving terminal by the start signal A load monitoring control system characterized by that. In claim 2,
The power supply terminal connected to the on-site distribution line and the power receiving terminal of the load device are configured to be able to always supply power, and the load device has a standby circuit that consumes a minute amount of power using the supplied power, and the standby circuit Having a function of starting the load by a contact signal from a second switch connected to
The second switch is inserted between the load device and the first switch. When a contact signal is received from the first switch, the second switch transmits a signal indicating reception of the contact signal and outputs a load start signal. A load monitoring control system having a communication function of receiving and a function of generating a signal for turning on the second switch by the activation signal. In claim 2,
A load monitoring control system, wherein a power generation device is connected to the distribution line, and the generated power of the power generation device follows the fluctuation in demand in a target small-scale system.

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