JP4583794B2 - Vice - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vise used to fix a workpiece to a table of a machine tool, and more particularly to a fluid pressure driven vise that is particularly effective as a fixture when machining a workpiece having a complicated shape.

  Patent Documents 1 to 5 related to the application of the present applicant include patent documents 1 to 5 that are used when simultaneous or continuous processing is performed by fixing a relatively large number of small workpieces on a table of a milling machine or a machining center. These vises have a structure in which a plurality of workpieces can be fixed to one vise and a plurality of vices can be mounted close to each other on a table of a machine tool.

  The vise base usually has a gripping surface parallel to each other on the fixed side and the movable side, but when gripping a workpiece whose gripping part is a curved surface or an asymmetrical workpiece, An unquenched metal block) is attached, and the workpiece is gripped by processing the gripping surface of the raw nail into a shape that matches the shape of the workpiece. In order to attach this raw nail, a female screw hole into which a bolt for fixing the raw nail is screwed is provided on the gripping surface of the vise base (the surface facing the workpiece sandwiching direction).

  In conventional parts processing, it is a common process to assemble individual parts with a machine tool and then assemble them. Recently, after assembling a plurality of parts, the assembly is attached to the machine tool for cutting. The processing method of performing has come to be adopted. In such processing, an assembly as a workpiece generally has a more complicated shape than a single component, and in order to securely fix the workpiece, the workpiece must be gripped at a plurality of locations.

If the workpiece shape is complicated or the workpiece is to be gripped at multiple locations, the shape of the workpiece gripping part of the raw nail will be complicated, and it will be necessary to provide a slide part for gripping the workpiece via a spring on the raw nail. Thus, the dimension of the raw claw in the workpiece gripping direction (dimension in the direction of opening and closing the claw) is increased, and accordingly, the opening and closing stroke of the base when the workpiece is loaded and unloaded from the vice is increased.
JP-A-7-171769 JP-A-11-58248 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-170137 JP 2000-225539 A JP 2002-18736 A

  When the opening / closing stroke of the base necessary for attaching / detaching the workpiece becomes long, it takes time to attach / detach the workpiece in the manual opening / closing operation, and productivity is lowered. In order to avoid this, it is better to use a hydraulic pressure-driven vise such as hydraulic pressure or pneumatic pressure. However, in a normal structure in which the moving base is connected to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder, the vise length becomes long and the same dimensions are used. The number of vices that can be attached to the table is reduced, and the number of workpieces that can be processed simultaneously is reduced.

  In addition, a pipe for supplying fluid pressure must be connected to each of a plurality of vises mounted on the table, which makes it difficult to attach and detach the vice to the table, and a large number of hoses are connected to the moving table. As a result, the workability is lowered and a trouble of damaging the hose during processing is likely to occur.

  In order to process a workpiece with high accuracy, it is a precondition that the workpiece is fixed at an accurate position on the table. When the workpiece is gripped by the vice, the gripping reaction force deforms the vise, and this deformation becomes an error in the fixed position of the workpiece. Most of the deformation of the vice occurs at the sliding parts and fastening parts between the members constituting the vice.

  The most prominent problem with this vise deformation is the lifting of the workpiece when fastened. For example, when machining the upper surface of a workpiece, the workpiece must be gripped with the upper surface protruding from the base or raw nail, so the workpiece is gripped by the upper end of the raw nail, and the gripping reaction force is Acts on the upper end. On the other hand, in order to shorten the vise length, if a structure for accommodating the raw claw opening / closing cylinder in the base (base) is provided, the gripping force from the cylinder acts on the position below the base. Due to the difference between the two operating points, the workpiece is deformed in the direction in which the base is upward when the workpiece is gripped, and the workpiece is lifted when clamped.

  In a vise with a conventional structure, the workpiece floating due to the above phenomenon increases as the length of the raw claw in the workpiece gripping direction increases. This is because if the angle at which the work gripping surface of the base when clamped is θ is θ and the length of the raw claw in the work gripping direction is L, the work lifting amount is Ltanθ.

  This invention has the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, that is, when holding a workpiece having a complicated shape, the opening / closing stroke of the base becomes long and the size of the raw claw in the workpiece holding direction becomes long, and the opening / closing stroke becomes long. If we try to solve the decrease in machine tool operating rate due to fluid pressure drive, the length of the vice becomes large, and a lot of hoses are connected, which reduces productivity and workability. This is to solve the problem that the workpiece floating during clamping is increased and the machining accuracy is reduced. Providing a compact fluid pressure driven work vise, even when using a claw with a long dimension in the workpiece gripping direction, Floating small, thus providing a device capable of performing high-precision processing, and it is an object to be opened and closed a plurality of devices arranged on the table further in one hydraulic line.

The vise according to the first aspect of the present invention, which has solved the above-mentioned problems, is a base 1 having an upward U-shaped cross section provided with guide grooves 3 in the longitudinal direction on both inner side surfaces, guided by the guide grooves, and fixed at the upper surface with a claw. The base 4 of the rod 8 is fixed to the end of the movable base 4 which is the surface 5, the cylinder hole 6 in the longitudinal direction provided with the base end open and closed at the base. wherein a piston 7 that is inserted in the cylinder hole 6, the provided with a hole 10 for supplying pressurized fluid to the opposite side of said base end of said piston through rod, the fluid pressure supplied through the holes Te It drives the moving platform in the closing direction by.

The vise having the above-mentioned structure has the upper surface of the movable table 4 accommodated in the U-shaped cross section of the base 1 as a raw claw fixing surface, and a cylinder hole 6 for opening and closing the raw claw is built in the movable table. because there can elongate the guide length of the workpiece holding direction movable carriage 4, and can be fixed to the moving base to the workpiece holding portion of the soft jaws distal end side of the moving table 4 (fixed die side) The entire vise can be made compact and the workpiece can be prevented from being lifted during clamping.

  That is, even if a moment in the direction in which the tip of the moving table 4 moves upward is exerted by the clamping force from the cylinder and the reaction force from the workpiece, the guide length is long, so that the inclination of the moving table 4 (described above) This is because Ltanθ is small, and the workpiece gripping portion can be mounted as the tip of the movable table 4 regardless of the size of the raw claw, so that the L dimension at Ltanθ is also small.

In devices of the above Symbol claim 1, it can be made with a biasing member 25 that presses against the upwardly facing surface 15a of the moving table guide flange downward surface 3a of the guide groove.

According to the vise having the above structure , since the movable table 4 always slides in a state of being pressed upward, even if a moment for moving the distal end of the movable table 4 is applied during clamping, the distal end portion of the movable table 4, and accordingly, The workpiece gripping part of the raw nail mounted at the position cannot move any further, and therefore the workpiece can be prevented from being lifted at the time of clamping with higher accuracy.

Vice according to the present invention of claim 1, in addition to the above structure, a vice facing arranged before Symbol moving base 4 on both sides of the fixing base 2 which is fixedly provided in the longitudinal center of the base 1, The base 1 is provided with a fixed base 2 in the longitudinal center, the moving base 4 is arranged on both sides sandwiching the fixed base, and the fixed base has an adjustment screw 34 for finely adjusting the inner side surface interval W of the base. It is to have.

  The adjustment screw 34 in this structure prevents the deformation of the distance W between the inner side surfaces of the base caused by the length of the base 1 and enables an accurate guide of the movable base 4.

2. The vise according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of positioning grooves 16 to 17 and parallel to each other in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the positioning grooves or holes and adjacent to the claw fixing surface 5 formed on the upper surface of the movable table 4. It is possible to provide a plurality of tap holes 18 corresponding to the positioning grooves or holes.

  According to this structure, a keyway having the same shape as the keyway 16 of the claw fixing surface is also provided on the raw claw side, so that a raw claw having various dimensions depending on the workpiece shape is placed on the tip side of the movable table 4 with the workpiece gripping surface. It is possible to align and mount accurately and easily.

Vice according to the present invention of claim 2 is the device according to the first aspect, wherein the piston the through hole 10 that to supply pressurized fluid to emissions is, the same position on both sides of the base end It is characterized by having connecting ports 12 and 12 that can be plugged open at the same time, and the moving table is driven in the closing direction by the fluid pressure supplied through the through hole.

When the vise according to claim 2 is arranged in a matrix on the table of the machine tool, the adjacent connection ports 12 are opposed to each other, so that the vice is adjacent by a pipe having a length corresponding to the arrangement interval of the vise. The vice connecting ports 12 can be connected to each other, and if the pressurized fluid is supplied to one of the vices arranged on the table, the pressurized fluid is supplied to all the vices. Only one pipe (hose) of pressurized fluid to the upper vice can be provided. The connection port to which the connection pipe 43 is not connected is closed with a blind plug 38.

  As explained above, even if a raw claw that is compact and has a large claw opening / closing stroke and a long length in the workpiece gripping direction is used according to the present invention, the workpiece does not lift up at the time of clamping. It is possible to provide a fluid pressure driven work device. Further, the claw fixing surface 5 can be lengthened corresponding to the opening / closing stroke of the vise, and it is possible to mount the raw nail at an optimal position where the workpiece does not lift up during clamping, regardless of the size of the raw nail. Further, it is possible to supply claw driving fluid pressure to a plurality of work vices mounted on a table of a machine tool as needed using a single hose.

  Therefore, it is possible to mount a large number of vises that can securely hold workpieces with complicated shapes on the table of the machine tool, and to load and unload workpieces on the vices in a short time. Since a large number of workpieces can be accurately clamped, there is an effect that a workpiece having a complicated shape can be processed efficiently and accurately.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 is a side view of a vise sectioned at the longitudinal center, FIG. 2 is a top view of the vise, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1, FIG. B sectional view and FIG. 6 are CC sectional views of FIG. In the figure, 1 is a base, 2 is a fixed base fixed to the longitudinal center of the base 1, and 3 is a guide groove formed in a longitudinal groove shape on both inner side surfaces of the U-shaped base 1 with an upward cross-section. 4 is a moving table that is guided by the guide groove 3 and slides in the longitudinal direction of the base 1, 5 is a claw fixing surface on the upper surface of the moving table, 6 is a cylinder hole formed in the moving table 4, and 7 is a cylinder hole 6. , 8 is a piston rod whose base end is fixed to the end of the base 1, 9 is a return spring that biases the moving base 4 in the opening direction, and 10 penetrates the rod 8 in the axial direction. The through holes 11 are provided at the base end portion of the base 1 and are connected to the through holes 10, and 12 and 13 are both side surfaces and end surfaces of the end member 14 at the end portion of the base 1. It is a connection port that is open to the top.

  The base 1 is a rectangular member having an upward U-shaped cross section and an elongated plan view, and end members 14 are fixed to both ends so as to close the U-shaped recess.

  The movable table 4 is mounted so as to slide and move within the U-shaped section of the base 1 with the guide rods 15 provided on both side walls slidably fitted in the guide grooves 3 of the base. Yes. The upper surface of the movable table 4 is a claw fixing surface 5 for fixing the raw claw, and the claw fixing surface 5 is provided with a plurality of key grooves 16 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction at a constant pitch in the vice longitudinal direction. The key groove 16 has a semicircular closed end at both ends to prevent entry of chips or the like into the key groove, and a knock pin hole 17 deeper than the depth of the key groove 16 is provided at one end thereof. ing. On both sides of the end portion of each key groove 16, tap holes 18 for fixing the raw claws are provided at positions separated by a distance of one half of the arrangement pitch of the key grooves 16. The raw claw 19 shown in phantom lines in FIGS. 1 and 2 is positioned by a key inserted in the key groove 16 and, if necessary, positioned by a knock pin fitted in the knock pin hole 17 and screwed into the tap hole 18. The work gripping portion 20 is attached to the claw fixing surface 5 with the work gripping portion 20 substantially aligned with the distal end side (fixed base 2 side) of the movable base 4 with bolts.

  A cylinder hole 6 having a proximal end opened and a distal end closed is provided at substantially the center of the cross section of the movable table 4, and the proximal end of the piston rod 8 integrated with the piston 7 fitted in the cylinder hole is the base end. It is fixed to the end member 14 of the base. A cylindrical spring guide 22 having an inward flange 21 at the base end is fixed to the base end side of the cylinder hole 6, and the movable table 4 is opened between the back surface of the piston 7 and the inward flange 21. A compression coil spring 9 is mounted for returning in the direction. A through hole 10 communicating with a connecting hole 11 provided in an end member 14 of the base passes through the axis of the piston rod 8. When fluid pressure such as hydraulic pressure or air pressure is supplied through the through hole 10, the movable table 4 is driven in the closing direction.

  A strip plate-like base plate 24 is attached to the lower surface of the guide rod 15 of the moving table, a continuous corrugated spring plate 25 is attached, and a slide plate 26 is further attached. 15a and the lower surface of the slide plate 26 are in sliding contact with the lower surface 3a and the upper surface 3b of the guide groove 3 of the base. The spring plate 25 urges the slide plate 26 downward, so that the upper surface 15a of the guide rod is pressed against the lower surface 3a of the guide groove.

  The guide rod 15 has a through hole 27 penetrating in the longitudinal direction and a plurality of branch holes 28 opened downward from the through hole. Hardened metal balls 29 and 31 are inserted at the intersections of the through holes 27 and the branch holes 28, and the metal balls 29 and 31 are in contact with each other. Further, a push rod 30 having a length corresponding to the arrangement pitch of the branch holes 28 is inserted into the through hole 27. The push rod is in contact with the metal ball of the through hole 27. Female screws are provided at both ends of the through hole 27, and a push bolt 32 is screwed to the female screw. When the push bolt 32 is advanced, the push rod 30 pushes the metal ball 29 downward through the metal ball 31, thereby moving the receiving plate 24 downward and increasing the biasing force of the spring plate 25. The reaction force transmitted from the spring plate 25 to each of the metal balls 29 and 31 is also transmitted to the other metal balls via the push rod 30, so that the force pressing the spring plate 25 of the plurality of metal balls 29 provided. Is substantially constant. That is, by moving the push bolt 32 forward or backward, the spring force of the spring plate 25, and hence the contact pressure between the upper surface 15a of the guide rod and the lower surface 3a of the guide groove can be adjusted.

  The lateral guide of the moving table 4 is defined by the side surface 4 a of the moving table above the guide rod 15 being in sliding contact with the inner side surface of the base 1. At the center of the base 1 in the longitudinal direction, a fixing base 2 is fitted in a U-shaped recess of the base 1 and fixed with bolts 33 on both sides. An adjustment screw 34 that presses the side surface of the fixing base 2 is provided on one side upper portion and the center of the base 1 of the fixing base 2 fixing portion. The balance between the tightening forces of the adjusting screw 34 and the fixing bolt 33 enables adjustment of the distance W between the inner side surfaces of the U-shaped recess at the center of the base. It is possible to increase the guidance accuracy.

  The embodiment shown in the figure is an example in which the movable table 4 is provided on both sides of the fixed table 2, and has a symmetric structure with respect to the center of the fixed table 2. The raw claw on the fixed side is fixedly attached to the upper surface of the fixed base 2. Further, the bolt 35 shown in FIG. 5 is a fixing bolt for fixing the base to the table 44 of the machine tool at the center of the base 1.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the base end member 14 is provided with a connecting hole 11 having a cross shape when viewed from the front, and both ends of the horizontal hole 23 serving as a cross horizontal bar serve as the connecting port 12. Opening is made on both side surfaces of the end member 14. In addition, a connection port 13 that opens to the end surface of the end member 14 communicates with the upper end of the cross vertical bar. The connection port 12 includes a pipe taper screw 36 and a cylindrical portion 37 on the back side thereof, and the connection ports 12 and 13 that are not used are closed by a blind plug 38. The connecting hole 11 communicates with the base end of the through hole 10 provided in the rod at the center of the cross bar. Further, the connecting hole 11 is provided with a branch hole 39 extending from the middle of the vertical bar to the left and right, and this branch hole 39 opens on the back surface of the end member 14. The branch holes 39 of the end members 14 at both ends of the base are connected to each other by a pipe 40 constructed so as to connect the openings. That is, when the connecting holes 11 of the end members at both ends of the base are connected to each other by the pipe 40 and fluid pressure is supplied to one connecting hole, it is also supplied to the connecting holes provided in the end member at the opposite end. It has become so. In the example shown in the figure, the branch holes 39 and the pipes 40 are provided on both sides, but only on one side. The branch holes 39 reach the both side surfaces of the end member 14 because of the hole processing.

  FIG. 6 shows an example of a connection pipe that connects the connection ports 12 of the vice adjacently arranged on the table. The connecting pipe 43 in the figure has a nipple 41 attached to one end and an O-ring 42 attached to the other end. The tip of the connecting pipe 43 is inserted into the cylindrical portion 37 of the connecting port of the other vice in a state where the taper screw 41a of the nipple 41 is screwed into one connecting port of the adjacently arranged vise, thereby connecting to the connecting port. The pipe tip is liquid-sealed by an O-ring 42 so that the connection holes 11 of adjacent vices communicate with each other. With this structure, hydraulic pressure, air pressure, or the like can be supplied from a single fluid pressure supply hose to a plurality of devices arranged in parallel or in a matrix on the table 44 of the machine tool.

  Although not shown in detail in the drawing, a screw hole 45 penetrating the end member 14 is provided, and the tip of the bolt inserted through the screw hole is brought into contact with the base end surface of the moving table 4 so that the moving table 4 The stroke end in the opening direction, and therefore the opening / closing stroke of the claw when gripping the workpiece can be set. This structure is effective in preventing the raw claw 19 from operating with an unnecessarily large stroke when using a raw claw that can fix and release the workpiece with a short stroke. Further, a slide extendable dust cover 46 is mounted between the upper end of the fixed base 2 and the upper end of the moving base 4 and between the upper side of the end member 14 and the upper end of the rear end of the moving base 4. Prevents chips from falling into the recess.

A side view of a vise sectioned at the longitudinal center Vise top view AA sectional view of FIG. Side view of moving platform BB sectional view of FIG. CC section of Fig. 1 showing the fluid path

Explanation of symbols

1 base 3 guide groove
3a Lower surface 4 Moving table 5 Claw fixing surface 6 Cylinder hole 7 Piston 8 Piston rod
10 Through hole
11 Connecting hole
15a Top view
16 keyway
17 Dowel pin hole
18 Tap holes
25 Spring plate
34 Adjustment screw W Side distance

Claims (2)

A base (1) with an upward U-shaped cross-section with longitudinal guide grooves (3) on both inner sides, a fixed base (2) placed at the longitudinal center of the base, and both sides sandwiching this fixed base A movable table (4) that is arranged and guided by the guide groove and whose upper surface is the claw fixing surface (5), and the cylinder hole in the longitudinal direction provided on the movable table with the base end open and the tip closed (6), the piston (7) inserted into the cylinder hole with the base end of the rod (8) fixed to the end of the base, and the side opposite to the base end of the piston through the rod A through hole (10) for supplying pressurized fluid,
The fixed base includes an adjusting screw (34) for finely adjusting the distance between the inner side surfaces (W) of the base, and the movable base is driven in the closing direction by the fluid pressure supplied through the through hole. Vice. The through hole is provided with a connecting port (12, 12) that can be plugged open at the same position on both side surfaces of the end of the base, and the movable table is closed in the closing direction by the fluid pressure supplied through the through hole. The vise according to claim 1, wherein the vise is driven .

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