JP4572622B2 - Cylinder block - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an engine cylinder block.

  As one form of the engine, there is a so-called reciprocating engine in which a reciprocating motion of a piston in a cylinder liner is converted into a rotational motion by a crank mechanism to rotate a crankshaft. As a cylinder block used in this type of engine, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a plurality of cylinder liners are arranged in a zigzag manner in a state of being eccentric to the left and right of the rotation center of the crankshaft, and cooled around the circumference of each cylinder liner. The one provided with a water passage is described. According to this cylinder block, the overall length of the engine can be shortened compared to a case where a plurality of cylinder liners are arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. Moreover, since the space | interval of adjacent cylinder liners spreads, it becomes possible to provide a sufficiently large cooling water passage around each cylinder liner.

  However, when the cylinder liner is arranged on the thrust side among the plurality of cylinder liners, the side pressure of the piston becomes high, and the piston strongly collides with the thrust side portion of the cylinder bore wall of the cylinder liner to generate a hitting sound called piston slap. Here, the thrust side is a side on which the crankpin is positioned before (BTDC) with reference to the top dead center (TDC) of the piston.

For this, by slightly decentering the rotation center of the crankshaft toward the thrust side with respect to the centerline of the cylinder liner, the inclination angle of the connecting rod when the piston descends is increased (the inclination is made sharper). It is known that the side pressure of the piston acting on the thrust side portion of the cylinder bore wall is weakened. For example, in Patent Document 2, in a horizontal engine mounted on a vehicle body in a state where the engine body is laid down so that the centerline of the cylinder liner is substantially horizontal, the rotation center of the crankshaft is lowered from the centerline of the cylinder liner. Slightly eccentric.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 64-21229 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-324697

  According to Patent Document 2, it is possible to reduce piston slap by reducing the side pressure of the piston. However, since the eccentric amount of the centerline of the cylinder liner with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft is the same for all the cylinder liners, the following problem newly arises. This is because in the cylinder block main body, the rigidity in the vicinity of each cylinder liner is not necessarily equal for all the cylinder liners, but is rather different among the cylinder liners in many cases. For example, in the case where the cylinder liner is located at both ends in the arrangement direction of the cylinder liner, the outer wall portion of the cylinder block body is located on the front (or rear) and right and left of the cylinder liner. The outer wall is only located on the left and right sides. Therefore, the rigidity in the vicinity of the cylinder liner located at both end portions is higher than the rigidity in the vicinity of the cylinder liner located at the intermediate portion.

  On the other hand, there is a correlation between the rigidity near the cylinder liner and the piston slap. Generally, the higher the rigidity, the smaller the piston slap. Therefore, if the rigidity in the vicinity of the cylinder liner is different between the cylinder liners as described above, the degree of piston slap is also different between the cylinder liners accordingly.

  Under these circumstances, if the amount of eccentricity is the same for all the cylinder liners as described above, even if the amount of eccentricity is set with reference to any cylinder liner, any cylinder liner is more than necessary. Therefore, the piston slap cannot be sufficiently reduced because the eccentric amount is too large or the required eccentric amount is not satisfied. For example, if the amount of eccentricity is set based on the cylinder liner with the lowest rigidity, the piston slap can be reduced for all cylinder liners, while the cylinder liner with the higher rigidity is eccentric more than necessary. End up. On the other hand, if the amount of eccentricity is set with reference to the cylinder liner with the highest rigidity, depending on the cylinder liner, that is, with the cylinder liner with the lower rigidity, the amount of eccentricity is insufficient and the piston slap can be reduced sufficiently. I can't.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, The objective is to provide the cylinder block which can reduce a piston slap more suitably.

In the following, means for achieving the above object and its effects are described.
(1) According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the cylinder block in which the piston accommodated in each of the plurality of cylinder liners is connected to the crankpin of the crankshaft via the connecting rod, the piston reaches the top dead center. The side on which the crankpin is positioned with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft is the thrust side, and the side on which the crankpin is positioned with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft after the piston has reached top dead center is the anti-thrust side. The centerline of all of the cylinder liners is set at either a position intersecting with the rotation center of the crankshaft or a position eccentric to the anti-thrust side with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft. Eccentricity a of the centerline of the cylinder liner A with respect to the rotation center of the shaft and the crankshaft The eccentric amount b of the center line of the cylinder liner B with respect to the rotation center of the cylinder is set to a different size from each other. The eccentric amount a is the cylinder of the block body surrounding the plurality of cylinder liners. The amount of eccentricity b is set in accordance with the rigidity of the portion in the vicinity of the cylinder liner b of the block body surrounding the plurality of cylinder liners. It is the gist.

According to the above configuration, when the piston reciprocates in the cylinder liner, the reciprocating motion is transmitted to the crankpin through the connecting rod, and the crankshaft rotates. During this reciprocation, the piston receives an in-cylinder pressure that rises as the air-fuel mixture burns near top dead center. After the top dead center, the crankpin is positioned on the anti-thrust side, so that the connecting rod is inclined closer to the thrust side portion of the cylinder bore wall toward the piston side. By this inclination, the in-cylinder pressure is decomposed into a component that is directed in the length direction of the connecting rod and a component (side pressure) that is orthogonal to the connecting rod. Due to this side pressure, the piston collides with the thrust side portion of the cylinder bore wall to generate piston slap.
Here, in the above-described invention, the center lines of all the cylinder liners intersect the rotation center of the crankshaft or are decentered on the side opposite to the thrust side from the rotation center. For this reason, compared with the case where the same center line is eccentric to the thrust side from the center of rotation, the inclination angle of the connecting rod becomes larger (the inclination is abrupt). A component (side pressure) orthogonal to the connecting rod described above is reduced, and piston slap is reduced.
Further, in the above invention, all the cylinder liners are composed of at least two types of cylinder liners having different eccentric amounts of the center line from the rotation center. The component (side pressure) orthogonal to the connecting rod differs for each type of eccentricity. The ipsilateral pressure decreases as the amount of eccentricity increases. Therefore, even if the degree of piston slap differs depending on the cylinder block portion, it is possible to reduce the piston slap to the same level by varying the amount of eccentricity.
Further, in the cylinder block, if the rigidity in the vicinity of the cylinder liner is different between the cylinder liners, the degree of generated piston slap is different even if the side pressure is the same. Therefore, as described in the above invention, by setting the amount of eccentricity in consideration of the rigidity in the vicinity of the cylinder liner, the magnitude of the side pressure is made to correspond to the rigidity, and the piston slap is the same for any cylinder liner. It becomes possible to reduce to the level.

(2) In the invention according to claim 2, in the cylinder block according to claim 1, the block main body is set such that the rigidity of the portion in the vicinity of the cylinder liner A is larger than the rigidity of the portion in the vicinity of the cylinder liner B. The gist is that the eccentric amount a of the cylinder liner A is set smaller than the eccentric amount b of the cylinder liner B.

Generally, the piston slap tends to be large for the cylinder liner provided in the low rigidity portion of the cylinder block body, and the piston slap tends to be small for the cylinder liner provided in the high rigidity portion. Therefore, by setting the amount of eccentricity so that the relationship between the rigidity and the amount of eccentricity according to the above invention is established, the piston slap can be reduced with a small amount of eccentricity for the cylinder liner having a high rigidity. . In addition, with respect to the cylinder liner having a low rigidity, the piston slap can be reliably reduced with a large amount of eccentricity.

(3) The invention according to claim 3 is the cylinder block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a pair of cylinder liners at both ends in the arrangement direction of the plurality of cylinder liners are respectively end cylinder liners. The cylinder liner between the end cylinder liners in the arrangement direction is an intermediate cylinder liner, the cylinder liner A is formed as an end cylinder liner, and the cylinder liner B is formed as an intermediate cylinder liner. The gist is that the eccentric amount a of the cylinder liner A is set smaller than the eccentric amount b of the cylinder liner B.

In general, the rigidity in the vicinity of the cylinder liner in the cylinder block body is high at both end portions in the arrangement direction of the cylinder liner and low at the intermediate portion. This is because, in the middle part, the outer wall part of the cylinder block main body along the arrangement direction of the cylinder liner is only positioned in the vicinity of the cylinder liner, whereas in the both end parts, the above arrangement of the outer wall parts is arranged. This is because the one corresponding to the end of the direction is further located.
  Therefore, by setting the amount of eccentricity so as to satisfy the relationship according to the above invention, the piston slap can be sufficiently reduced while the amount of eccentricity is small in the cylinder liners located at both ends in the arrangement direction. Moreover, in the cylinder liner located in the middle part in the arrangement direction, although the rigidity in the vicinity thereof is low, the piston slap can be reliably reduced by setting a large amount of eccentricity.

(4) The invention according to claim 4 is the cylinder block in which the piston accommodated in each of the plurality of cylinder liners is connected to the crankpin of the crankshaft via the connecting rod, before the piston reaches the top dead center. The side on which the crankpin is positioned with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft is the thrust side, and the side on which the crankpin is positioned with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft after the piston has reached top dead center is the anti-thrust side. The center line of all of the cylinder liners is set to either a position intersecting with the rotation center of the crankshaft or a position eccentric to the anti-thrust side with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft. The cylinder liner A and the cylinder liner B of the cylinder liners of Are set at positions that are eccentric to the opposite side to the rotation center of the crankshaft, and the eccentric amounts of the centerlines of the respective cylinder liners with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft are set to different sizes. There is a summary.

(5) The invention according to claim 5 is the cylinder block in which the piston accommodated in each of the plurality of cylinder liners is connected to the crankpin of the crankshaft via the connecting rod, before the piston reaches the top dead center. The side on which the crankpin is positioned with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft is the thrust side, and the side on which the crankpin is positioned with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft after the piston has reached top dead center is the anti-thrust side. The center line of all of the cylinder liners is set to either a position intersecting with the rotation center of the crankshaft or a position eccentric to the anti-thrust side with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft. Cylinder liner A and cylinder liner B of cylinder liners of The center line of the cylinder A is set at a position that is eccentric to the thrust side opposite to the rotation center of the crankshaft, and the centerline of the cylinder liner B is set at a position that intersects the rotation center of the crankshaft. The gist is that the eccentric amount a of the cylinder liner A relative to the center of rotation and the eccentric amount b of the cylinder liner B relative to the center of rotation of the crankshaft are set to different sizes.

(6) The invention according to claim 6 is the cylinder block in which the piston accommodated in each of the plurality of cylinder liners is connected to the crankpin of the crankshaft via the connecting rod, before the piston reaches the top dead center. The side on which the crankpin is positioned relative to the rotation center of the crankshaft is the thrust side, and the side on which the crankpin is positioned relative to the rotation center of the crankshaft after the piston has reached top dead center is the anti-thrust side. A pair of cylinder liners at both ends in the arrangement direction of the cylinder liners are end cylinder liners, and a cylinder liner between the end cylinder liners in the arrangement direction is an intermediate cylinder liner. Its centerline intersects the center of rotation of the crankshaft It is set at any of the position and the position eccentric to the thrust side with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft, and the eccentric amount X of the center line of the end cylinder liner with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft and the rotation of the crankshaft The gist of the eccentric amount Y of the center line of the intermediate cylinder liner with respect to the center is that these eccentric amounts are set to different sizes.

(7) The gist of the invention according to claim 7 is that, in the cylinder block according to claim 6, the eccentric amount X of the end cylinder liner is set smaller than the eccentric amount Y of the intermediate cylinder liner. .

(8) The invention according to claim 8 is the cylinder block according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein for each of the plurality of cylinder liners, the centerline of the cylinder liner with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft. The gist is that the amount of eccentricity is set according to the rigidity of a portion in the vicinity of the cylinder liner of the block body surrounding the plurality of cylinder liners.

(9) According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, in the cylinder block according to the eighth aspect, two cylinder liners having different rigidity from each other in a portion of the block body in the vicinity of the plurality of cylinder liners. The gist is that the eccentric amount of one cylinder liner having high rigidity is set smaller than the eccentric amount of the other cylinder liner having low rigidity of the portion.

(10) The invention according to claim 10 is the cylinder block according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the cylinder block has a cylinder structure in which a plurality of cylinder liners are connected to each other at an upper deck portion. And a block main body having an outer wall portion that is formed separately from each other and surrounds the periphery of the plurality of cylinder liners, and the upper deck portion of the cylinder structure is formed on the outer wall portion of the block main body. The gist is that the cylinder structure and the block main body are fixed to each other in a state where the cylinder structure and the block body are arranged.

According to said structure, the cylinder block has the division structure divided | segmented into the cylinder block main body and the cylinder structure. When the cylinder block has an integral structure, the overall shape is complicated, whereas in the divided structure, the shape of each part of the cylinder block body and the cylinder structure is simpler than in the case of the integral structure. Become.
In the case of a divided structure, the cylinder block body and the cylinder structure are manufactured separately. Therefore, when manufacturing the cylinder block body, it is difficult to be influenced by the cylinder structure. Further, when the cylinder structure is manufactured, it is not easily affected by the cylinder block body.

  Therefore, in the case of the divided structure, the shape is simpler than the case of the integral structure as described above, and it is difficult to be influenced by the other when manufacturing one of the cylinder block body and the cylinder structure. Each part can be formed with higher accuracy.

  In the case of having a divided structure, all the cylinder liners are accommodated in a space surrounded by the outer wall portion of the cylinder block body. And a desired cylinder block is obtained by a cylinder structure being assembled | attached to a cylinder block main body in the state in which the upper deck part was mounted on the outer wall part.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the present invention is embodied in a cylinder block used in a multi-cylinder reciprocating engine will be described with reference to the drawings. The reciprocating engine is a type of engine that converts a reciprocating motion of a piston into a rotational motion by a crank mechanism and rotates a crankshaft as an output shaft.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the cylinder block 11 includes a cylinder block body 12 and a cylinder structure 13. The cylinder block body 12 occupies many parts of the cylinder block 11 and includes a skirt portion 14 and an outer wall portion 15. The skirt portion 14 constitutes a lower portion of the cylinder block main body 12, and a journal portion 17 for rotatably supporting the crankshaft 16 is provided at the lower end portion thereof. The outer wall portion 15 constitutes the upper portion of the cylinder block body 12 and has a substantially square ring shape. Here, in order to distinguish each part of the outer wall part 15, what is substantially parallel to the rotation center R of the crankshaft 16 will be referred to as side wall parts 15A and 15B. Moreover, what connects the front end parts (left end part of FIG. 2) of both side wall parts 15A and 15B is called the front wall part 15C, and what connects the rear end parts (right end part of FIG. 2) is called the rear wall part 15D. Shall. The cylinder block body 12 is integrally formed by a casting method such as die casting, medium pressure casting, or low pressure casting using a metal material having a relatively small specific gravity such as an aluminum alloy or a magnesium alloy.

  The cylinder structure 13 includes a plurality (four in this case) of cylinder liners 21, 22, 23, and 24 and an upper deck portion 25 that is common to them. Each of the cylinder liners 21 to 24 has a cylindrical shape whose upper and lower ends are open, and is arranged in a row along the rotation center R of the crankshaft 16. The upper deck portion 25 has a plate shape and is integrally provided at the upper end portions of all the cylinder liners 21 to 24. All the cylinder liners 21 to 24 are connected to each other by the upper deck portion 25. The cylinder structure 13 having such a configuration is formed of a metal material having excellent wear resistance such as cast iron.

  The cylinder liners 21 to 24 in the cylinder structure 13 are accommodated in the space surrounded by the outer wall portion 15 described above, and the upper deck portion 25 is placed on the outer wall portion 15. A cylinder head 27 is placed on the upper deck portion 25 via a cylinder head gasket 26. In order to fasten the cylinder structure 13, the cylinder head gasket 26 and the cylinder head 27 to the cylinder block body 12, the following fastening structure is adopted.

  Bolt holes 28 that open on the upper surface of the outer wall portion 15 are provided at a plurality of locations on the outer wall portion 15. Further, in the upper deck portion 25, the cylinder head gasket 26, and the cylinder head 27, through holes 31, 32, and 33 are provided at locations corresponding to the bolt holes 28, respectively. A head bolt 34 is inserted through the through holes 33, 32, and 31 from above the cylinder head 27 and screwed into the corresponding bolt hole 28 of the outer wall portion 15. When the head bolt 34 is tightened, the cylinder structure 13 is fastened to the cylinder block body 12 to form the cylinder block 11, and the cylinder head 27 is fastened to the cylinder block 11 via the cylinder head gasket 26. Is done.

  In the cylinder block 11, a sandwiched space surrounded by the cylinder structure 13 and the cylinder block body 12 functions as a water jacket 35. The water jacket 35 is a passage of cooling water for cooling the cylinder block body 12, the cylinder liners 21 to 24, and the like.

  As shown in FIG. 5, pistons 38 are accommodated in the cylinder liners 21 to 24 so as to reciprocate. In each cylinder liner 21 to 24, a space above the piston 38 becomes a combustion chamber 39 for burning a fuel / air mixture.

  In order to convert the reciprocating motion of each piston 38 into the rotational motion of the crankshaft 16, both 38 and 16 are connected by a connecting rod 41. The connecting rod 41 is connected to the crankshaft 16 by a crankpin 42 and is connected to a piston 38 by a piston pin 43.

  Here, the movement of the piston 38 (piston pin 43) is regulated in the vertical direction by the cylinder liners 21-24. On the other hand, the crank pin 42 is displaced along a circle C whose center is the rotation center R of the crankshaft 16. Accordingly, as the piston 38 reciprocates, the connecting rod 41 moves up and down while swinging left and right. The movement of the connecting rod 41 is transmitted to the crankpin 42, and as a result, the crankshaft 16 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow X (clockwise direction) in FIG.

  In such a crank mechanism, a combustion cycle consisting of a series of four strokes of an intake stroke, a compression stroke, an expansion stroke, and an exhaust stroke is performed while the piston 38 reciprocates twice and the crankshaft 16 rotates twice. The intake stroke and the expansion stroke are performed as the piston 38 is lowered, and the compression stroke and the exhaust stroke are performed as the piston 38 is raised.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG.4 and FIG.5, all the cylinder liners 21-24 are arrange | positioned in the location which satisfy | fills the following conditions (1) and (2). The condition (1) is that the center line L of each of the cylinder liners 21 to 24 intersects the rotation center R of the crankshaft 16 or is eccentric to the opposite side of the thrust center R from the rotation center R. Condition (2) is that all the cylinder liners 21 to 24 are composed of at least two types of cylinder liners having different eccentric amounts e1 to e4 from the rotation center R of the center line L. Accordingly, all the cylinder liners 21 to 24 are excluded if the eccentricity is uniform. Moreover, “0” is also included in the eccentric amounts e1 to e4 in the condition (2).

  Here, when the center line L is orthogonal to the rotation center R, the side where the crank pin 42 is located (BTDC) before the piston 38 reaches the top dead center TDC with reference to the top dead center TDC of each piston 38 ( The left side in FIG. 5 is the “thrust side”. Further, after the piston 38 reaches the top dead center TDC (ATDC), the side where the crank pin 42 is located (the right side in FIG. 5) is defined as the “anti-thrust side”.

  In the present embodiment, all of the cylinder liners 21 to 24 are such that their center lines L are decentered from the rotation center R of the crankshaft 16 on the side opposite to the thrust so that both the above conditions (1) and (2) are satisfied. It is arranged at the place. Further, among the cylinder liners 21 to 24, the eccentric amounts e1 and e4 of those (21, 24) located at both end portions in the arrangement direction are those of those (22, 23) located in the intermediate portion in the arrangement direction. It is set smaller than the eccentric amounts e2 and e3.

  The reason why the eccentric amounts e1 to e4 are different between the cylinder liners 21 and 24 and the cylinder liners 22 and 23 is as follows. Generally, the rigidity of the cylinder block body 12 in the vicinity of the cylinder liners 21 to 24 is high at both end portions in the arrangement direction of the cylinder liners 21 to 24 and is low at the intermediate portion. This is because, in the intermediate portion, the opposing side wall portions 15A and 15B of the outer wall portion 15 of the cylinder block main body 12 are only positioned in the vicinity of the cylinder liners 22 and 23, whereas in both end portions, both side walls are provided. This is because the front wall portion 15C or the rear wall portion 15D is further positioned in addition to the portions 15A and 15B.

  In an engine in which the cylinder block 11 is incorporated, piston slap is reduced. Next, regarding the piston slap reducing action, when the center line L of all the cylinder liners 21 to 24 is eccentric to the thrust side with respect to the rotation center R of the crankshaft 16, and the center line L is the rotation center R. On the other hand, it demonstrates comparing with the case where it is not eccentric.

<When eccentric on the thrust side>
FIG. 6A shows the state before the compression top dead center (BTDC) of the piston 38. In this state, the crank pin 42 is located on the thrust side, and the piston pin 43 is located on the thrust side. As long as the crank pin 42 is positioned on the thrust side with respect to the piston pin 43, the connecting rod 41 is inclined so as to approach the non-thrust side portion of the cylinder bore wall 37 toward the upper side. By this inclination, the in-cylinder pressure P applied to the piston 38 is decomposed into a component (partial pressure P1) directed in the length direction of the connecting rod 41 and a component (partial pressure P2) orthogonal to the connecting rod 41. Since the partial pressure P2 is a pressure toward the cylinder bore wall 37, it can also be referred to as a side pressure. Due to this partial pressure P <b> 2, the piston 38 rises while being pressed against the portion of the cylinder bore wall 37 opposite to the thrust side.

  The partial pressure P2 decreases as the piston 38 rises. This is because the inclination angle of the connecting rod 41 is increased (the inclination is abrupt). Ignition is performed during the ascent of the piston 38, the air-fuel mixture is combusted, and the in-cylinder pressure P rises. When the crank pin 42 is positioned on the center line L of the cylinder liners 21 to 24 immediately before the top dead center TDC, the connecting rod 41 is in a vertical state, and the partial pressure P2 is substantially zero.

  After the compression top dead center (ATDC), as shown in FIG. 6B, the connecting rod 41 is inclined in the direction opposite to that before the compression top dead center (BTDC). That is, the connecting rod 41 is inclined so that the upper side thereof is closer to the thrust side portion of the cylinder bore wall 37. Due to this inclination, the high in-cylinder pressure P applied to the piston 38 is decomposed into the partial pressure P1 and the partial pressure P2. At this time, since the center line L of the cylinder liners 21 to 24 is eccentric to the thrust side with respect to the rotation center R, the inclination angle of the connecting rod 41 becomes smaller than the case where it is not eccentric (the inclination becomes loose). ), And the partial pressure P2 increases accordingly. Due to this large partial pressure P2, the piston 38 strongly collides with the thrust side portion of the cylinder bore wall 37, and a large piston slap is generated.

  In FIG. 6A, the in-cylinder pressure P is drawn to the same magnitude as that in FIG. 6B, but is actually smaller than that in FIG. 6B. The same applies to FIGS. 7A and 8A described later. The in-cylinder pressure P increases as the piston 38 rises, and further increases due to combustion of the air-fuel mixture. Generally, the in-cylinder pressure P reaches its maximum when a little past the top dead center TDC. Thereafter, the in-cylinder pressure P decreases as the piston 38 descends.

<When not eccentric on the thrust side or anti-thrust side>
FIG. 7A shows the state before the compression top dead center (BTDC) of the piston 38, and corresponds to FIG. 6A described above. The position of the crank pin 42 on the circle C is the same as that in FIG. On the other hand, the piston pin 43 is located above the rotation center R of the crankshaft 16. For this reason, the inclination angle of the connecting rod 41 is small (the inclination becomes gentle), and the partial pressure P2 is slightly larger than in the case of FIG. Due to this partial pressure P <b> 2, the piston 38 rises in a state where it is pressed against the portion opposite to the thrust side of the cylinder bore wall 37.

  The partial pressure P2 decreases as the piston 38 rises. Ignition is performed during the ascent of the piston 38, the air-fuel mixture is combusted, and the in-cylinder pressure P rises. When the piston 38 is located at the top dead center TDC, the connecting rod 41 is in a vertical state, and the partial pressure P2 is substantially zero.

  FIG. 7B shows a state after compression top dead center (ATDC) of the piston 38, and corresponds to the above-described FIG. 6B. The position of the crank pin 42 on the circle C is the same as that in FIG. On the other hand, the piston pin 43 is located above the rotation center R of the crankshaft 16. For this reason, the inclination angle of the connecting rod 41 becomes large (the inclination becomes steep), and the partial pressure P2 becomes smaller than that in the case of FIG. The impact when the piston 38 collides with the thrust side portion of the cylinder bore wall 37 is reduced, and the piston slap is reduced.

<When eccentric on the thrust side>
FIG. 8A shows a state before the compression top dead center (BTDC) of the piston 38, and corresponds to FIG. 7A described above. The position of the crank pin 42 on the circle C is the same as that in FIG. On the other hand, the piston pin 43 is located at a location eccentric to the anti-thrust side with respect to the rotation center R of the crankshaft 16. For this reason, the inclination angle of the connecting rod 41 becomes small (the inclination becomes gentle), and the partial pressure P2 becomes larger than in the case of FIG. Due to this partial pressure P <b> 2, the piston 38 rises while being pressed against the thrust side of the cylinder bore wall 37.

  The partial pressure P2 decreases as the piston 38 rises. Ignition is performed during the ascent of the piston 38, the air-fuel mixture is combusted, and the in-cylinder pressure P rises. When the crank pin 42 is positioned on the center line L of the cylinder liners 21 to 24 immediately after the top dead center TDC, the connecting rod 41 is in a vertical state, and the partial pressure P2 is substantially zero.

  FIG. 8B shows a state where the piston 38 is further lowered, and corresponds to FIG. 7B described above. The position of the crank pin 42 on the circle C is the same as that in FIG. On the other hand, the piston pin 43 is located on the side opposite to the thrust side from the rotation center R of the crankshaft 16. Therefore, the inclination angle of the connecting rod 41 is increased (the inclination is abrupt), and the partial pressure P2 is further reduced as compared with the case of FIG. Therefore, the impact when the piston 38 collides with the thrust side portion of the cylinder bore wall 37 is reduced, and the piston slap is further reduced.

  In the present embodiment, as described above, the center lines L of all the cylinder liners 21 to 24 are arranged at positions eccentric from the rotation center R of the crankshaft 16 on the side opposite to the thrust side (see FIG. 4). ). Therefore, in any cylinder liners 21 to 24, piston slap is reduced in the same manner as in the above <in the case of being decentered on the anti-thrust side>.

  Further, as the amount of eccentricity e1 to e4 toward the thrust side increases, the inclination angle of the connecting rod 41 after compression top dead center (ATDC) increases (the inclination becomes sharp), and the partial pressure P2 decreases. This increases the effect of reducing piston slap. On the other hand, in the cylinder block 11, if the rigidity in the vicinity of the cylinder liners 21 to 24 is different between the cylinder liners 21 to 24, even if the partial pressure P2 is the same, the degree of generated piston slap is different. Generally, the piston slap tends to be smaller when the rigidity is higher than when the rigidity is low. In the cylinder block body 12 of the present embodiment, an intermediate portion in the arrangement direction of the cylinder liners 21 to 24 corresponds to a portion having low rigidity, and both end portions in the arrangement direction correspond to portions having high rigidity.

  In this regard, in the present embodiment, the amount of eccentricity toward the anti-thrust side is set in the cylinder block body 12 according to the rigidity in the vicinity of the cylinder liners 21 to 24. That is, the eccentric amounts e1 and e4 of the cylinder liners 21 and 24 at the high rigidity portions (both end portions) are set to be smaller than the eccentric amounts e2 and e3 of the cylinder liners 22 and 23 at the low rigidity portions (intermediate portions). . In a portion where rigidity is low and piston slap is likely to occur, the degree of reduction of partial pressure P2 is increased by setting a large amount of eccentricity, and the effect of reducing piston slap is increased. Further, in a portion where the rigidity is high and the piston slap as large as described above does not occur, the degree of reduction of the partial pressure P2 is reduced by setting a small amount of eccentricity, and the effect of reducing the piston slap is reduced.

According to the embodiment described in detail above, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) The center lines L of all the cylinder liners 21 to 24 are eccentric from the rotation center R of the crankshaft 16 on the side opposite to the thrust side. For this reason, the inclination angle of the connecting rod 41 after the compression top dead center (ATDC) is increased (the inclination is made abrupt) as compared with the case where the center line L is eccentric to the thrust side from the rotation center R. The piston slap can be reduced by reducing the partial pressure P2. Further, vibration and noise due to piston slap can be reduced. Furthermore, since the partial pressure P2 is reduced, the friction between the cylinder bore wall 37 and the piston 38 can be reduced.

  (2) In the cylinder block body 12, the eccentric amounts e1, e4 of the cylinder liners 21, 24 at the high rigidity portions are made smaller than the eccentric amounts e2, e3 of the cylinder liners 22, 23 at the low rigidity portions. Therefore, even if it is a portion that is low in rigidity and originally prone to large piston slap, even if it is a portion that is highly rigid and does not generate such a large piston slap, the piston slap is set according to the setting of the eccentric amounts e1 to e4. Can be suitably reduced to the same level.

  (3) As a structure of the cylinder block 11, a divided structure divided into the cylinder block main body 12 and the cylinder structure 13 is adopted. When the cylinder block has an integral structure, the overall shape is complicated. On the other hand, in the divided structure, the shape of each part of the cylinder block main body 12 and the cylinder structure 13 is simpler than that of the integral structure.

  In the case of a divided structure, the cylinder block body 12 and the cylinder structure 13 are manufactured separately. Therefore, when the cylinder block body 12 is manufactured, it is difficult to be affected by the cylinder structure 13. Further, when the cylinder structure 13 is manufactured, it is not easily affected by the cylinder block body 12.

  Therefore, in the case of the divided structure, as described above, the shape is simplified compared to the case of the integral structure, and in addition, one of the cylinder block body 12 and the cylinder structure 13 is affected by the other. Since it is difficult, each part can be formed with higher accuracy. This effect is particularly effective in the present embodiment in which the eccentric amounts e1 to e4 are different between the cylinder liners 21 to 24.

Note that the present invention can be embodied in another embodiment described below.
-You may change the position of each cylinder liner 21-24 within the range which satisfies the conditions (1) and conditions (2) mentioned above. For example, some of the cylinder liners 21 to 24 may be disposed at a location where the center line L intersects the rotation center R of the crankshaft 16.

  -There may be at least two types of cylinder liners having different eccentric amounts from the rotation center R. Therefore, for example, the eccentric amounts of the cylinder liners 21 to 24 may be different from each other. In this case, there are four types of cylinder liners having different eccentric amounts.

  Moreover, even if it is two types, you may change the content into the thing different from the said embodiment. For example, the eccentric amount of three cylinder liners may be the same (including 0), and the eccentric amount of the remaining one may be different from the eccentric amount of the three cylinder liners.

  The rigidity of each part of the cylinder block body 12 varies depending on the presence / absence of a rib, the presence / absence of a blow-by gas passage, the presence / absence of an oil passage, the presence / absence of an attachment portion of an engine mount bracket, and the like. Therefore, it is preferable to set the eccentric amounts e1 to e4 of the cylinder liners 21 to 24 in consideration of such a difference in rigidity. Also in this case, the amount of eccentricity is reduced for the cylinder liner having a high rigidity, and the amount of eccentricity is increased for the cylinder liner having a low rigidity.

  In the above embodiment, the eccentric amounts e1 to e4 are set based on the “rigidity in the vicinity of the cylinder liners 21 to 24 in the cylinder block body 12”, but other elements are added to the “rigidity”, and the eccentricity is determined based on both. An amount may be set. Further, the “rigidity” may be replaced with another element, and the amount of eccentricity may be set based on this element.

  The present invention is not limited to a four-cylinder engine and can be widely applied to an engine having two or more cylinders.

1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of an engine in which a cylinder block is incorporated in an embodiment embodying the present invention. The perspective view of a cylinder block main body, a cylinder structure, and a cylinder head gasket. The perspective view of a cylinder block. The top view of a cylinder block. Sectional drawing in the 5-5 line | wire of FIG. (A), (B) is explanatory drawing which shows the generation | occurrence | production situation of piston slap, when the centerline of a cylinder liner is eccentric to the thrust side with respect to the rotation center of a crankshaft. (A), (B) is explanatory drawing which shows the generation | occurrence | production state of piston slap when the centerline of a cylinder liner is not eccentric with respect to the rotation center of a crankshaft. (A), (B) is explanatory drawing which shows the generation | occurrence | production state of piston slap in the case where the centerline of a cylinder liner is decentered on the anti-thrust side with respect to the rotation center of a crankshaft.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Cylinder block, 12 ... Cylinder block main body, 13 ... Cylinder structure, 15 ... Outer wall part, 16 ... Crankshaft, 21, 22, 23, 24 ... Cylinder liner, 25 ... Upper deck part, 38 ... Piston, 41 ... Connecting Rod, 42 ... crankpin, e1, e2, e3, e4 ... eccentricity, L ... center line, R ... center of rotation, TDC ... top dead center.

Claims (10)

  In a cylinder block in which a piston accommodated in each of a plurality of cylinder liners is connected to a crankpin of a crankshaft via a connecting rod,
  The side on which the crankpin is positioned with respect to the center of rotation of the crankshaft is defined as the thrust side before the piston reaches the top dead center, and the crankpin is positioned with respect to the center of rotation of the crankshaft after the piston reaches the top dead center. With the side as the anti-thrust side,
  The center line of all of the plurality of cylinder liners is set to either a position intersecting with the rotation center of the crankshaft or a position eccentric to the anti-thrust side with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft.
  The eccentric amount a of the centerline of the cylinder liner A with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft and the eccentricity amount b of the centerline of the cylinder liner B with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft are set to be different from each other. ,
  The amount of eccentricity a is set according to the rigidity of the portion in the vicinity of the cylinder liner A of the block body surrounding the plurality of cylinder liners,
  The amount of eccentricity b is set according to the rigidity of a portion in the vicinity of the cylinder liner b of the block body surrounding the plurality of cylinder liners.
  A cylinder block characterized by that.   In the cylinder block according to claim 1,
  The block body is set such that the rigidity of the part near the cylinder liner A is set larger than the rigidity of the part near the cylinder liner B,
  The eccentric amount a of the cylinder liner A is set smaller than the eccentric amount b of the cylinder liner B.
  A cylinder block characterized by that.   In the cylinder block according to claim 1 or 2,
  Among a plurality of cylinder liners, a pair of cylinder liners at both ends in the arrangement direction are each an end cylinder liner, and a cylinder liner between the end cylinder liners in the arrangement direction is an intermediate cylinder liner,
  The cylinder liner A is formed as an end cylinder liner,
  The cylinder liner B is formed as an intermediate cylinder liner,
  The eccentric amount a of the cylinder liner A is set smaller than the eccentric amount b of the cylinder liner B.
  A cylinder block characterized by that.   In a cylinder block in which a piston accommodated in each of a plurality of cylinder liners is connected to a crankpin of a crankshaft via a connecting rod,
  The side on which the crankpin is positioned with respect to the center of rotation of the crankshaft is defined as the thrust side before the piston reaches the top dead center, and the crankpin is positioned with respect to the center of rotation of the crankshaft after the piston reaches the top dead center. With the side as the anti-thrust side,
  The center line of all of the plurality of cylinder liners is set to either a position intersecting with the rotation center of the crankshaft or a position eccentric to the anti-thrust side with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft.
  Regarding the cylinder liner A and the cylinder liner B among the plurality of cylinder liners, the center lines thereof are all set at positions eccentric to the thrust side with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft, and each of the centerlines with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft. The eccentric amount of the center line of the cylinder liner is set to a different size.
  A cylinder block characterized by that.   In a cylinder block in which a piston accommodated in each of a plurality of cylinder liners is connected to a crankpin of a crankshaft via a connecting rod,
  The side on which the crankpin is positioned with respect to the center of rotation of the crankshaft is defined as the thrust side before the piston reaches the top dead center, and the crankpin is positioned with respect to the center of rotation of the crankshaft after the piston reaches the top dead center. With the side as the anti-thrust side,
  The center line of all of the plurality of cylinder liners is set to either a position intersecting with the rotation center of the crankshaft or a position eccentric to the anti-thrust side with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft.
  Regarding the cylinder liner A and the cylinder liner B among the plurality of cylinder liners, the center line of the cylinder liner A is set to a position that is eccentric to the thrust side with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft, and the center line of the cylinder liner B is the crankline It is set at a position that intersects the rotation center of the shaft, that is, the eccentric amount a of the cylinder liner A with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft and the eccentricity b of the cylinder liner B with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft are set to different sizes. Ru
  A cylinder block characterized by that.   In a cylinder block in which a piston accommodated in each of a plurality of cylinder liners is connected to a crankpin of a crankshaft via a connecting rod,
  The side on which the crankpin is positioned with respect to the center of rotation of the crankshaft is defined as the thrust side before the piston reaches the top dead center, and the crankpin is positioned with respect to the center of rotation of the crankshaft after the piston reaches the top dead center. One side of the plurality of cylinder liners at the ends in the arrangement direction is an end cylinder liner, and the cylinder liner between the end cylinder liners in the arrangement direction is an intermediate cylinder liner. As
  The center line of all of the plurality of cylinder liners is set to either a position intersecting with the rotation center of the crankshaft or a position eccentric to the anti-thrust side with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft.
  Regarding the eccentric amount X of the center line of the end cylinder liner with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft and the eccentricity amount Y of the center line of the intermediate cylinder liner with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft, these eccentric amounts are set to be different from each other. is there
  A cylinder block characterized by that.   In the cylinder block according to claim 6,
  The eccentric amount X of the end cylinder liner is set smaller than the eccentric amount Y of the intermediate cylinder liner.
  A cylinder block characterized by that.   In the cylinder block according to any one of claims 4 to 7,
  For each of the plurality of cylinder liners, the amount of eccentricity of the centerline of the cylinder liner with respect to the rotation center of the crankshaft is set according to the rigidity of the portion of the block body surrounding the plurality of cylinder liners in the vicinity of the cylinder liner. Ru
  A cylinder block characterized by that.   The cylinder block according to claim 8,
  Of two cylinder liners, the two cylinder liners in which the rigidity of the part of the block body in the vicinity thereof is different from each other, the eccentric amount of the one cylinder liner having the high rigidity of the part is that of the other cylinder liner having the low rigidity of the part. Set smaller than eccentricity
  A cylinder block characterized by that.   In the cylinder block according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
  The cylinder block includes a cylinder structure in which a plurality of cylinder liners are connected to each other at an upper deck portion, and a block body having an outer wall portion that is formed separately from the cylinder structure and surrounds the periphery of the plurality of cylinder liners. The cylinder structure and the block main body are fixed to each other in a state where the upper deck portion of the cylinder structure is disposed on the outer wall portion of the block main body.
  A cylinder block characterized by that.

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