JP4560178B2 - Metalworking oil composition - Google Patents

Metalworking oil composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4560178B2
JP4560178B2 JP2000181394A JP2000181394A JP4560178B2 JP 4560178 B2 JP4560178 B2 JP 4560178B2 JP 2000181394 A JP2000181394 A JP 2000181394A JP 2000181394 A JP2000181394 A JP 2000181394A JP 4560178 B2 JP4560178 B2 JP 4560178B2
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Prior art keywords
oil
mist
cutting
oil composition
pentaerythritol
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JP2001354983A (en
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亮一 奥田
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、金属加工油組成物に関し、さらに詳しくは、各種金属の切削,研削,圧延,絞り,鍛造などの金属加工に用いられ、特に油剤を加工部位へミスト状で供給するのに好適な金属加工油組成物に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、切削,研削,圧延,絞り,鍛造などの金属加工に使用される油剤(金属加工油)としては、一般に、鉱油に各種添加剤を添加した水不溶性油剤、あるいは鉱油や合成油に各種添加剤を添加したものを水で希釈して使用する水溶性油剤が用いられている。一方、油脂やエステル類、特に多価エステル類を用いた金属加工油は、性能及びコストなどの面から、実用的に用いられることが少ないのが実状である。
他方、近年、環境問題から、廃油量の低減及び消費電力の低減などが要求され、油剤をミスト状にして金属加工を行う加工方法が検討されている。このようなミスト給油の例としては、これまでに植物油などを用いる方法(特開平10−86036号公報)、植物性油のミストを用いる方法(特開平11−246881号公報)などが知られているが、これらの場合、油剤についての詳細な記載はない。
【0003】
また、多価エステルを用いた例としては、二塩基酸ジエステルを用いた油剤(特開2000−73078号公報)、トリアシルグリセリンを用いた油剤(特開2000−73079号公報)などが開示されている。しかしながら、これらの公報においては、実施例において摩擦係数の記載はあるが、金属加工における加工性の評価例は記載されていない。この場合、潤滑性能のみで加工性を判断しているが、実際の加工では、潤滑性能以外の因子も係わってくるので、高潤滑性=高加工性であるとは必ずしもいえない。すなわち、これらの油剤においては、金属の加工性が不足している可能性がある。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような状況下で、加工性に優れ、かつ環境にやさしく、各種金属の切削,研削,圧延,絞り,鍛造などの金属加工用として、特に加工部位へ油剤をミスト状で供給するのに好適な金属加工油組成物を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、前記の好ましい性質を有する金属加工油組成物を開発すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、ペンタエリスリトールのテトラエステルを含む組成物が、その目的に適合し得ることを見出した。本発明は、かかる知見に基づいて完成したものである。
すなわち、本発明は、一般式(I)
【0006】
【化3】

Figure 0004560178
【0007】
(式中R1 〜R4 は、それぞれ炭素数15〜30の飽和又は不飽和アルキル基を示し、それらはたがいに同一でも異なっていてもよい。)で表されるペンタエリスリトールのテトラエステルを含み、加工部位へ油剤をミスト状で供給することを特徴とする切削・研削加工用の金属加工油組成物を提供するものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の金属加工油組成物は、前記一般式(I)で表されるペンタエリスリトールのテトラステルを含むものであって、該一般式(I)におけるR1 〜R4 は、それぞれ炭素数3以上の飽和又は不飽和アルキル基を示す。また、このR1 〜R4 は、たがいに同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。
該R1 〜R4 で示される飽和又は不飽和のアルキル基は、直鎖状,枝分かれ状及び環状のいずれであってもよいが、炭素数が3未満であると潤滑性が不足する場合がある。また、炭素数の上限は特に限定されないが、あまり多すぎるとエステルの粘度が高くなりすぎたり、固化することがあり、実用上不適切な場合があるので、30以下が好ましい。該アルキル基の好ましい炭素数は8〜30であり、特に12〜30が好適である。
【0009】
このR1 〜R4 で示される飽和又は不飽和のアルキル基の例としては、n−プロピル,イソプロピル,n−ブチル,イソブチル,t−ブチル,n−ペンチル,n−ヘキシル,n−ヘプチル,n−オクチル,n−エチルヘキシル,n−ノニル,n−デシル,n−ウンデシル,n−ドデシル,n−トリデシル,n−テトラドデシル,n−ペンタデシル,n−ヘキサデシル,n−ヘプタデシル,n−オクタデシル,n−ノナデシル,n−エイコシル,カプロレイル,ウンデシレイル,ラウロレイル,ミリスチル,オレイル,リノール,リノレイル,2−メチルペンチル,3−メチルペンチル,4−プロピルペンチル,4−エチルペンチル,2−メチルデシル,3−メチルデシル,4−メチルデシル,5−メチルデシル,6−メチルデシル,7−メチルデシル,9−メチルデシル,6−エチルノニル,5−プロピルオクチル,3−メチルウンデシル,6−プロピルノニル,2−メチルドデシル,3−メチルドデシル,4−メチルドデシル,5−メチルドデシル,11−メチルドデシル,7−プロピルデシル,2−メチルトリデシル,12−メチルトリデシル,2−メチルテトラデシル,4−メチルテトラデシル,13−メチルテトラデシル,14−メチルペンタデシル,2−エチルヘキサデシル,14−エチルヘキサデシル,14−エチルヘプタデシル,15−エチルヘプタデシル,16−エチルヘプタデシル,2−ブチルテトラデシル,2−メチルオクタデシル,3−メチルオクタデシル,4−メチルオクタデシル,5−メチルオクタデシル,6−メチルオクタデシル,7−メチルオクタデシル,8−メチルオクタデシル,9−メチルオクタデシル,10−メチルオクタデシル,11−メチルオクタデシル,14−メチルオクタデシル,15−メチルオクタデシル,16−メチルオクタデシル,17−メチルオクタデシル,15−エチルペンタデシル,3−メチルノナデシル,2−エチルオクタデシル,シクロペンチル,シクロヘキシル,メチルシクロヘキシル,シクロオクチル,デカヒドロナフチルなどの各基を挙げることができる。
【0010】
前記一般式(I)で表されるペンタエリスリトールのテトラエステルの製造方法としては特に制限はなく、従来公知の方法を用いるとができる。例えば、ペンタエリスリトールと、炭素数4以上の飽和若しくは不飽和の脂肪族又は脂環式一価のカルボン酸、あるいはその反応性誘導体(低級エステル,酸ハライドなど)一種以上とを反応させることにより容易に製造することができる。
本発明の金属加工油組成物においては、前記一般式(I)で表されるペンタエリスリトールのテトラエステルを一種用いてもよく、二種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、その配合量は、70重量%以上が好ましく、特に90重量%以上が好ましい。この配合量が70重量%未満では、本発明の目的が充分に達せられない場合がある。
【0011】
本発明の金属加工油組成物においては、本発明の目的が損なわれない範囲で、所望により、前記ペンタエリスリトールのテトラエステル以外の他の基油、例えば鉱油,合成基油,油脂,各種エステルなどを含有させることができる。さらに、従来金属加工油に慣用されている各種添加剤、例えば硫黄系添加剤,リン系添加剤,酸化防止剤,防錆剤,金属系添加剤などを、適宜添加することができる。
本発明の金属加工油組成物(油剤)においては、金属加工における加工部位への給油方法は特に制限はなく、油剤を液状のまま給油してもよいし、ミスト状にして給油してもよいが、ミスト状で給油する方が、廃油を大幅に減少させ得るので好ましい。特に、水のミストと油剤のミストを共存させた状態で給油する方法が好ましい。この方法で給油すると、油剤ミストの加工部位に到達する効率が向上し、摩擦係数の低減や仕上げ面粗さの向上など、加工性の向上が実現できる。
【0012】
【実施例】
次に、本発明を実施例により、さらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらの例によって何ら制限されるものではない。
なお、各例において、下記の条件で平均切削力を求め、切削加工性を評価した。切削力としては、工具が下向きに受ける力(主分力)を用いた。
Figure 0004560178
【0013】
実施例1
ペンタエリスリトールのテトラオレエートをミスト状で給油し、同時に水ミストを給油して切削加工を行った。切削力の平均値は198Nであった。
実施例2
ペンタエリスリトールのテトラパルミテートをミスト状で給油し、同時に水ミストを給油して切削加工を行った。切削力の平均値は202Nであった。
実施例3
ペンタエリスリトールのテトラオレエートをミスト状で給油し切削加工を行った。切削力の平均値は218Nであった。
参考例1
ペンタエリスリトールのテトラオレエートを液状で給油し切削加工を行った。切削力の平均値は212Nであった。
【0014】
比較例1
市販のサラダ油をミスト状で給油し、同時に水ミストを給油して切削加工を行った。切削力の平均値は250Nであった。
比較例2
鉱油(40℃の動粘度8mm2 /s)をミスト状で給油し、同時に水ミストを給油して切削加工を行った。切削力の平均値は340Nであった。
比較例3
ネオペンチルグリコールのジオレエートをミスト状で給油し、同時に水ミストを給油して切削加工を行った。切削力の平均値は255Nであった。
比較例4
市販のサラダ油をミスト状で給油して切削加工を行った。切削力の平均値は273Nであった。
比較例5
市販のサラダ油を液状で給油して切削加工を行った。切削力の平均値は266Nであった。
これらの結果を第1表にまとめて示す。
【0015】
【表1】
Figure 0004560178
【0016】
【発明の効果】
本発明の金属加工油組成物は、各種金属の切削,研削,圧延,絞り,鍛造などの金属加工に用いられ、油剤をミスト状に給油した場合でも、効果を発揮し得るので、廃油を大幅に低減できることにより、環境にやさしい油剤であるといえる。また、加工性にも優れる(摩擦係数の低減と仕上げ面粗さの向上)ことにより、これまでミスト給油では実現できなかった金属加工にも適用することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a metalworking oil composition, and more specifically, is used for metalworking such as cutting, grinding, rolling, drawing, and forging of various metals, and is particularly suitable for supplying an oil agent in a mist form to a machining site. The present invention relates to a metalworking oil composition.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as an oil agent (metal working oil) used for metal processing such as cutting, grinding, rolling, drawing, forging, etc., it is generally a water-insoluble oil agent obtained by adding various additives to mineral oil, or various additives added to mineral oil or synthetic oil. Water-soluble oils that are used after diluting with water are used. On the other hand, metal processing oils using fats and oils and esters, especially polyvalent esters, are practically rarely used in terms of performance and cost.
On the other hand, in recent years, due to environmental problems, reduction of the amount of waste oil and reduction of power consumption are required, and a processing method for performing metal processing with a mist of an oil agent has been studied. As examples of such mist refueling, a method using vegetable oil or the like (JP 10-86036 A), a method using vegetable oil mist (JP 11-246881 A), etc. are known. In these cases, however, there is no detailed description of the oil agent.
[0003]
Examples of using polyesters include oils using dibasic acid diesters (JP 2000-73078 A), oils using triacylglycerol (JP 2000-73079 A), and the like. ing. However, in these publications, although the coefficient of friction is described in the examples, examples of evaluation of workability in metal working are not described. In this case, the workability is determined only by the lubrication performance. However, in actual machining, factors other than the lubrication performance are involved, so it cannot be said that high lubricity = high workability. That is, in these oil agents, metal workability may be insufficient.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Under such circumstances, the present invention is excellent in workability and environmentally friendly, and supplies oils in a mist form especially for metal processing such as cutting, grinding, rolling, drawing, forging, etc. of various metals. An object of the present invention is to provide a metalworking oil composition suitable for the purpose.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to develop a metalworking oil composition having the above-mentioned preferable properties, the present inventor has found that a composition containing a pentaester of pentaerythritol can meet the purpose. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
That is, the present invention relates to the general formula (I)
[0006]
[Chemical 3]
Figure 0004560178
[0007]
(Wherein R 1 to R 4 each represent a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 15 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different from each other), and contain a tetraester of pentaerythritol represented by: Therefore, the present invention provides a metal working oil composition for cutting / grinding characterized in that an oil agent is supplied in a mist form to a machining site .
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The metalworking oil composition of the present invention contains pentaerythritol tetraster represented by the general formula (I), and R 1 to R 4 in the general formula (I) each have 3 or more carbon atoms. Represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group. In addition, R 1 to R 4 may be the same or different.
The saturated or unsaturated alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 4 may be linear, branched or cyclic, but if the number of carbon atoms is less than 3, lubricity may be insufficient. is there. The upper limit of the carbon number is not particularly limited, but if it is too large, the viscosity of the ester may become too high or solidify, which may be inappropriate in practice, and is preferably 30 or less. The alkyl group preferably has 8 to 30 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 12 to 30 carbon atoms.
[0009]
Examples of the saturated or unsaturated alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 4 include n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n -Octyl, n-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradodecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n- Nonadecyl, n-eicosyl, caproyl, undecylyl, lauroyl, myristyl, oleyl, linole, linoleyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-propylpentyl, 4-ethylpentyl, 2-methyldecyl, 3-methyldecyl, 4- Methyldecyl, 5-methyldecyl, 6-methyldecyl, 7-methyl Decyl, 9-methyldecyl, 6-ethylnonyl, 5-propyloctyl, 3-methylundecyl, 6-propylnonyl, 2-methyldodecyl, 3-methyldodecyl, 4-methyldodecyl, 5-methyldodecyl, 11-methyldodecyl , 7-propyldecyl, 2-methyltridecyl, 12-methyltridecyl, 2-methyltetradecyl, 4-methyltetradecyl, 13-methyltetradecyl, 14-methylpentadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 14- Ethylhexadecyl, 14-ethylheptadecyl, 15-ethylheptadecyl, 16-ethylheptadecyl, 2-butyltetradecyl, 2-methyloctadecyl, 3-methyloctadecyl, 4-methyloctadecyl, 5-methyloctadecyl, 6- Methyloctadecyl, 7-methyloctade Sil, 8-methyloctadecyl, 9-methyloctadecyl, 10-methyloctadecyl, 11-methyloctadecyl, 14-methyloctadecyl, 15-methyloctadecyl, 16-methyloctadecyl, 17-methyloctadecyl, 15-ethylpentadecyl, 3- Examples thereof include methylnonadecyl, 2-ethyloctadecyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, and decahydronaphthyl.
[0010]
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a manufacturing method of the tetraester of pentaerythritol represented by the said general formula (I), A conventionally well-known method can be used. For example, it is easy by reacting pentaerythritol with one or more saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or alicyclic monovalent carboxylic acids having 4 or more carbon atoms, or reactive derivatives thereof (lower esters, acid halides, etc.). Can be manufactured.
In the metalworking oil composition of the present invention, one type of tetraester of pentaerythritol represented by the general formula (I) may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. The blending amount is preferably 70% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 90% by weight or more. If the amount is less than 70% by weight, the object of the present invention may not be sufficiently achieved.
[0011]
In the metalworking oil composition of the present invention, a base oil other than the tetraester of pentaerythritol, for example, mineral oil, synthetic base oil, fats and oils, various esters, etc., if desired, within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention. Can be contained. Furthermore, various additives conventionally used in metalworking oils, for example, sulfur-based additives, phosphorus-based additives, antioxidants, rust preventives, metal-based additives and the like can be appropriately added.
In the metalworking oil composition (oil agent) of the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the method of supplying oil to the processing site in metalworking, and the oil agent may be supplied in a liquid state or supplied in a mist form. However, it is preferable to supply the oil in the form of a mist because waste oil can be greatly reduced. In particular, a method of supplying oil in a state where water mist and oil mist coexist is preferable. When oiling is performed in this manner, the efficiency of the oil mist reaching the processing site is improved, and improvement in workability such as reduction of the friction coefficient and improvement of the finished surface roughness can be realized.
[0012]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not restrict | limited at all by these examples.
In each example, the average cutting force was obtained under the following conditions to evaluate the cutting workability. As the cutting force, the force (main component force) that the tool receives downward was used.
Figure 0004560178
[0013]
Example 1
Pentaerythritol tetraoleate was supplied in a mist state, and at the same time, a water mist was supplied for cutting. The average value of the cutting force was 198N.
Example 2
Pentaerythritol tetrapalmitate was lubricated in the form of mist, and at the same time, water mist was lubricated for cutting. The average value of the cutting force was 202N.
Example 3
Pentaerythritol tetraoleate was refueled in a mist and cut. The average value of the cutting force was 218N.
Reference example 1
Pentaerythritol tetraoleate was supplied in liquid form and cut. The average value of the cutting force was 212N.
[0014]
Comparative Example 1
Commercial salad oil was supplied in mist form, and at the same time, water mist was supplied for cutting. The average value of the cutting force was 250N.
Comparative Example 2
Mineral oil (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. 8 mm 2 / s) was supplied in a mist state, and at the same time, a water mist was supplied for cutting. The average value of the cutting force was 340N.
Comparative Example 3
Neopentyl glycol dioleate was supplied in mist, and at the same time, water mist was supplied for cutting. The average value of the cutting force was 255N.
Comparative Example 4
Cutting was performed by supplying commercially available salad oil in the form of a mist. The average value of the cutting force was 273N.
Comparative Example 5
Cutting was performed by supplying commercially available salad oil in liquid form. The average value of the cutting force was 266N.
These results are summarized in Table 1.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004560178
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
The metal processing oil composition of the present invention is used for metal processing such as cutting, grinding, rolling, drawing, and forging of various metals, and even when oil is supplied in a mist form, it can exert its effect, greatly reducing waste oil. It can be said that it is an environmentally friendly oil agent. In addition, by being excellent in workability (reduction of friction coefficient and improvement of finished surface roughness), it can be applied to metal processing that could not be realized by mist refueling so far.

Claims (5)

一般式(I)
Figure 0004560178
(式中R1 〜R4 は、それぞれ炭素数15〜30の飽和又は不飽和アルキル基を示し、それらはたがいに同一でも異なっていてもよい。)で表されるペンタエリスリトールのテトラエステルを含み、加工部位へ油剤をミスト状で供給することを特徴とする切削・研削加工用の金属加工油組成物。
Formula (I)
Figure 0004560178
(Wherein R 1 to R 4 each represent a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 15 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different from each other), and contain a tetraester of pentaerythritol represented by: A metal working oil composition for cutting / grinding , characterized in that an oil agent is supplied in a mist form to a machining site .
一般式(I)で表されるペンタエリスリトールのテトラエステルを70重量%以上含む請求項1記載の金属加工油組成物。  The metalworking oil composition according to claim 1, comprising 70% by weight or more of a pentaerythritol tetraester represented by the general formula (I). 前記加工部位への油剤のミスト状での供給を、水のミストと油剤のミストとを共存させた状態で行う請求項1又は2記載の切削・研削加工用の金属加工油組成物。The metal working oil composition for cutting / grinding according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the supply of the oil in a mist form to the processing site is performed in a state where a water mist and an oil mist coexist. 金属加工油組成物として、一般式(I)As a metalworking oil composition, the general formula (I)
Figure 0004560178
Figure 0004560178
(式中R(Where R 1 1 〜R~ R 4 Four は、それぞれ炭素数15〜30の飽和又は不飽和アルキル基を示し、それらはたがいに同一でも異なっていてもよい。)で表されるペンタエリスリトールのテトラエステルを含む油剤を用い、加工部位へ該油剤をミスト状で供給することを特徴とする金属の切削・研削加工方法。Each represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 15 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different. A metal cutting / grinding method characterized by using an oil containing a tetraester of pentaerythritol represented by formula (II) and supplying the oil in a mist form to a processing site.
前記加工部位への油剤のミスト状での供給を、水のミストと油剤のミストとを共存させた状態で行う請求項4記載の金属の切削・研削加工方法。The metal cutting / grinding method according to claim 4, wherein the supply of the oil agent in a mist form to the processing site is performed in a state where a water mist and an oil agent mist coexist.
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