JP4540270B2 - Manufacturing method of laminate - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a laminated body, for example, a laminated body used for constituting a part of a wall of a tunnel in a shield method for constructing a tunnel using a shield machine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, when building tunnels for roads, railways, or tunnels for building sewer pipes, the shield method is generally employed. The shield method is a method of excavating a tunnel hole while propelling a shield machine with a drilling blade at the tip in the ground.
[0003]
In the shield construction method, the tunnel wall is constructed by sequentially assembling the segments along the inner wall of the excavation part behind the shield machine while excavating the ground with the shield machine. The segment is, for example, a size that divides the circumference in the tunnel into a plurality of pieces (for example, six divisions), and is sequentially added in the circumferential direction and the tunnel extending direction. Examples of the segment include a reinforced concrete segment, a steel segment made only of an iron plate, and a steel shell segment filled with concrete in a steel shell.
[0004]
In the shield method, a shield machine is assembled on the road and drilled downward to construct a vertical tunnel. When the vertical tunnel reaches a predetermined depth, the shield machine is turned and the horizontal tunnel is excavated. In addition, the so-called vertical / horizontal continuous shield method, in which the direction of the shield is changed and the vertical tunnel or the horizontal tunnel is excavated when reaching a position advanced by a predetermined distance from the start position of the horizontal tunnel, has been adopted. It is coming.
[0005]
By the way, in the shield method, after constructing a vertical tunnel or a horizontal tunnel, when starting excavation in a direction different from the tunnel (for example, the horizontal direction or the vertical direction), first, the wall of the tunnel constructed first is used. (Segment wall) needs to be excavated. However, when the segment is made of steel or the like, the wall body cannot be excavated with a shield machine. In addition, when a reinforced concrete segment is used, if the wall body is excavated with a shield machine, the rebar will be entangled with the excavation blade of the shield machine and the excavation speed will be greatly reduced. In the worst case, the shield machine will break down. There is drowning.
For this reason, until now, the destruction work (welding, hangering, etc.) of the tunnel wall body has been performed manually, but the manual work takes time and the construction period becomes considerably long.
[0006]
As a method for eliminating such a point, a method is considered in which a portion that can be excavated by a shield machine is provided in a part of the segment wall body (excavation start portion). When this method is adopted, a new material concrete using a rope-shaped (reinforcing bar) reinforcing bar (new material) made by impregnating carbon fiber, glass fiber, or the like into the excavable portion of the segment (for example, patent document) It is conceivable to configure in 1).
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-5-302490 [0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Thus, when a part of the segment wall body is made of the above-mentioned new material concrete, excavation by a shield machine is possible, but the excavation resistance of the concrete is large, so that it takes much time for excavation. Further, during the excavation process, there is a possibility that the cut piece of the rope-like reinforcing bar is clogged with the shield machine screw (for excavation object removal) and the shield machine stops or breaks down.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in order to solve such problems, and is a member suitable for constituting an excavable portion provided in a part of a tunnel wall such as a segment wall body, and can shorten excavation by a shield machine. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a laminate that can be completed in time and is suitable for producing a laminate that can reduce the burden on a shield machine.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a laminate manufacturing method in which a plurality of plate-like composites obtained by reinforcing plastic foam with inorganic fibers are laminated in a state of being curved to a predetermined curvature, and each of the plate-like composites is laminated. A method of manufacturing a laminated body used to constitute a part of a wall body such as a tunnel wall, in which an adhesive layer or an FRP layer is laminated between bodies, and regulates both ends of a plate-shaped composite body By pressing the central part of the plate-shaped composite material while being regulated by the member, the composite material is regulated by a receiving arc-shaped molding surface disposed between the regulating members, thereby forming a plate shape The adhesive layer or the FRP layer existing between the plate-like composites is cured in a state where the composite material is bent to a predetermined curvature and the composite material is restricted from being deformed to the state before the bending. It is not characterized by Rukoto.
The manufacturing method of the laminated body which concerns on Claim 2 uses the plastic foam which consists of hard urethane resin for a plastic foam in the manufacturing method of the laminated body of Claim 1, and uses a glass long fiber for an inorganic fiber, respectively. Features.
[0010]
The wall body such as the tunnel wall generally refers to a shield tunnel wall body having an outer diameter of, for example, about φ1800 mm to φ4200 mm.
[0011]
Examples of the material of the adhesive layer include an epoxy resin adhesive, a urethane resin adhesive, and an acrylic resin adhesive.
[0012]
Examples of the FRP layer include those obtained by reinforcing a resin such as a polyester resin or an epoxy resin with a reinforcing material such as a mat or cloth. Examples of the mat or cloth include those obtained by processing glass fiber, carbon fiber, or aramid fiber. Further, when a mat is used as the reinforcing material, for example, a method of stacking the FRP layer using two mats of mesh 370 may be employed.
[0013]
According to the manufacturing method of the present invention, in a state where both ends of the plate-shaped composite are regulated by the regulating member, the central portion of the plate-shaped composite is pressed, and the composite is placed between the regulating members. Since the plate-shaped composite material is curved to a predetermined curvature by being restricted by the arc-shaped molding surface of the receiving mold, it is possible to perform a bending process with a uniform bending curvature. Further, a plate-like composite material can be processed with a simple bending device without using a mold or the like that strictly defines the bending curvature of the entire composite material.
[0014]
In the laminate produced according to the present invention, it is composed of a composite material in which a plastic foam is reinforced with inorganic fibers, so, for example, when used for excavable portions of a shield segment, compared to using concrete, The excavation speed becomes faster and the excavation process can be shortened.
[0015]
In the laminate produced by the present invention, for example, a composite material as shown in FIG. 5, that is, a long glass fiber in a monofilament state in one direction in a urethane foam, that is, a state in which long glass fibers are dispersed one by one in one direction. Therefore, even when excavated by a shield machine, there is no problem that the cut glass long fiber is clogged with a screw or the like.
[0016]
In addition, a plate-like composite material in which such urethane foam is reinforced with long glass fibers is excellent in bending strength and compressive strength. Can sufficiently withstand. Moreover, since the urethane foam is relatively inexpensive and the long glass fiber is also inexpensive, the excavable portion can be manufactured at a lower cost than the above-described new material concrete. Furthermore, since the urethane foam is lighter than concrete, the weight of the shielding segment can be reduced.
[0017]
The laminated body manufactured by the present invention can be applied to various wall bodies for constructing a circular cavity, such as a circular shaft or circular pipe rod, in addition to the shield segment.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, a shielding segment as a usage pattern of a laminate manufactured by the method of the present invention will be described.
[0019]
A segment is a member constituting a wall of a tunnel constructed by a shield method using a shield machine. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a segment ring is formed by assembling six segments 211,. 210 can be configured.
[0020]
When constructing a wall of the shield tunnel 200 using such a segment 211, first, a shield machine (not shown) provided with a cutting blade at the tip is propelled laterally (or longitudinally) into the ground, When the space for one ring of the segment ring 210 is formed behind the shield machine, the propulsion of the shield machine is stopped, and the segments 211,... 211 are ringed along the inner wall surface of the rear space of the shield machine. Assemble in a shape. Next, in the same manner, the shield machine is propelled by one ring of the segment ring 210 and the segments 211,... 211 are assembled in a ring shape sequentially, for example as shown in FIG. A sideways shield tunnel 200 can be constructed.
[0021]
A segment to which the laminate manufactured according to the present invention is applied is used as a special segment 201 in the case of constructing an upward vertical tunnel 220 in a horizontal shield tunnel 200 as shown in FIG. This special segment 201 is a member (FIG. 7) that constitutes a part of the segment ring 210 described above, and can be excavated by two segment main bodies 202 and 202 and a shield machine as shown in FIGS. Equipped with a drillable part.
[0022]
The laminate manufactured according to the present invention is used as an excavable portion of the special segment 201, and one form thereof will be described with reference to FIG.
[0023]
First, a plurality of (for example, 10) plate-like composite materials 1a,..., 1a are laminated in a state where the laminated body 1 in this form is curved. These plate-shaped composite materials 1a,... 1a are bonded to each other by adhesive layers (for example, epoxy adhesives) laminated between the respective layers.
[0024]
The laminated body 1 is processed into a dimension whose diameter is larger by a predetermined amount than the excavation diameter of the shield machine. In addition, the curvature radii of the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the laminate 1 are approximately equal to the curvature radii of the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the segment body 202, respectively.
[0025]
As shown in FIG. 5, the plate-like composite material 1 a constituting the laminate 1 is a composite material in which a urethane resin foam (hard urethane resin) is reinforced with long glass fibers. Examples of such a composite material 1a include Eslon Neo Lumber-FFU (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.). The thickness (plate thickness) of the composite material 1a as shown in FIG. 5 is about 10 mm at the maximum.
[0026]
In the form of FIG. 1, the adhesive layer 1b is laminated between the plate-like composite materials 1a and 1a. Instead, an FRP layer is laminated between the plate-like composite materials 1a and 1a. The plate-shaped composite materials 1a and 1a may be bonded to each other. Thus, when laminated | stacked by a FRP layer, while the plate-shaped composite materials 1a and 1a can be joined firmly, the whole intensity | strength of the laminated body 1 can be raised.
[0027]
Next, the manufacturing method of the laminated body which concerns on this invention is demonstrated, referring FIG. 4 for the manufacture of the laminated body 1 shown in FIG. 1 as an example.
[0028]
First, as shown in FIG. 4A, the laminate manufacturing apparatus includes regulating members 101 and 101 that regulate both ends of the plate-shaped composite material 1a, and a receiving member disposed between the regulating members 101 and 101. It is comprised by the press member 103 which presses the center part of the type | mold 102 and the plate-shaped composite material 1a. The molding surface 102 a of the receiving mold 102 is a curved surface (arc surface) that substantially matches the curvature (curvature radius) of the outer peripheral surface of the segment body 202.
[0029]
As shown in FIG. 4 (A), the specific manufacturing procedure is such that the plate-shaped composite material 1a (plate thickness 10 mm) constituting the outermost layer is positioned with respect to the regulating members 101 and 101, as shown in FIG. By pressing the central part of the composite material 1a with the pressing member 103, it is curved in an arc shape. At this time, the deformation of the plate-shaped composite material 1 a is restricted by the molding surface 102 a of the receiving mold 102, and the curvature (curvature radius) of the outermost layer plate-shaped composite material 1 a is the curvature (curvature) of the outer peripheral surface of the segment body 202. (Radius) approximately matches.
[0030]
Next, an epoxy adhesive 1b is formed on the inner surface of the outermost plate-like composite material 1a [FIG. 4B]. The laminated thickness of the adhesive layer 1b is, for example, about 1 to 2 mm.
[0031]
After the lamination of the adhesive layer 1b is completed, as shown in FIG. 4C, the second layer (two layers counted from the outside of the laminate 1) is formed on the inner surface of the outermost plate-like composite material 1a. The plate-like composite material 1a to be the eye) is placed in a heated state, and in this state, the central portion of the second-layer plate-like composite material 1a is pressed and curved. At this time, a pressing force is applied so that the outermost plate-like composite material 1a and the second-layer plate-like composite material 1a are in close contact with each other at the adhesive layer 1b.
[0032]
Next, when the adhesive layer 1b is substantially cured (when the second plate-shaped composite material 1a is in a state where the curved state can be maintained), the inner side of the second-layer plate-shaped composite material 1a. An adhesive layer 1b is formed by laminating an epoxy adhesive on the surface [FIG. 4D]. Thereafter, the same procedure, that is, “bending of the plate-shaped composite material” → “adhesive laminating” → “bending processing of the plate-shaped composite material” is sequentially repeated, so that the laminated body having the structure shown in FIG. Get one.
[0033]
FIG. 2 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of another example of a laminate manufactured according to the present invention.
The laminate 11 in FIG. 2 is characterized in that an intermediate layer 13 is laminated between an outer layer 12 and an inner layer 14. As in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the outer layer 12 and the inner layer 14 are formed by laminating a plurality (5) of plate-like composite materials 1a in a curved state, and between the plate-like composite materials 1a and 1a. The adhesive layer 1b is laminated.
[0034]
The intermediate layer 13 is, for example, a simple foam of PE-PS, acrylic, PVC, or urethane resin, between the inner surface of the plate-shaped composite material 1a constituting the innermost layer of the outer layer 12, and the innermost layer 14 of the inner layer 14. The outer surface of the plate-like composite material 1a constituting the outer layer and the simple foam are respectively bonded with an epoxy resin adhesive.
[0035]
If the sandwich structure as shown in FIG. 2 is employed, it is possible to increase the thickness of the entire laminate 11 while suppressing an increase in the overall weight of the laminate 11.
[0036]
In the laminate of FIG. 2, a resin-made intermediate layer 23 having a honeycomb structure as shown in FIG. 3 may be used instead of the intermediate layer 13 made of a simple foam.
In order to manufacture the laminate shown in FIG. 2 according to the present invention, the inner layer and the outer layer are manufactured as described in FIG. 4, and PE-PS, acrylic, PVC or urethane resin is formed between these inner layer and outer layer. A plate constituting the outermost layer of the inner layer 14 between the inner surface and the intermediate layer of the plate-like composite material 1a constituting the innermost layer of the outer layer 12 with an intermediate layer of a simple foam or a resinous intermediate layer of a honeycomb structure interposed therebetween The outer surface of the composite material 1a and the intermediate layer are bonded with an epoxy resin adhesive.
[0037]
Next, the use state of the laminated body manufactured by this invention is demonstrated, referring FIGS.
As described above, FIG. 6 shows a state in which the vertical tunnel 220 is constructed by the shield method in the middle of the horizontal tunnel 210, FIG. 7 shows the segment ring 210 at the start of the vertical tunnel 220, and FIG. A special segment 201 with the excavable part 1 of the vertical tunnel 220 in 210 is shown.
As shown in FIGS. 9 to 10, the laminate 1 is attached to the special segment 201 in order to form a digable portion.
[0038]
9-10, the segment main body 202 of the special segment 201 to which the laminated body 1 is attached is manufactured only with a steel plate. A semicircular cutout 202a is processed in the segment main body 202, and a circular hole 201a is formed at the center position of the two segment main bodies 202 and 202 in a connected state. The inner diameter of the circular hole 201a is processed to a size smaller than the outer diameter of the laminate 1 by a predetermined amount.
[0039]
FIG. 11 shows a structure for connecting the laminate 1 to the segment body 202 in the special segment 201 described above.
[0040]
In this connection structure, connection plates (steel plates) 2 and 2 are sandwiched at the end of the laminate 1. The two inner and outer connecting plates 2 and 2 are fixed to the laminate 1 with bolts and nuts 3. A through hole 2a through which the connecting bolt 5a passes is processed at the tip of each connecting plate 2. A back nut 5b is fixed to the through hole 2a of the outer connecting plate 2 out of the two inner and outer connecting plates 2, 2 by welding or the like. In addition, such a connection plate 2 is arrange | positioned along the edge part periphery of the laminated body 1 with a predetermined pitch.
[0041]
On the other hand, in the vicinity of the notch 202 a of the segment body 202, two fixing plates 4, 4 are provided in a positional relationship corresponding to the connection plates 2, 2 of the laminate 1, and the peripheral portion of the laminate 1 is The connection plate 2 of the laminated body 1 is brought into contact with each fixed plate 4 in a state of being aligned with the peripheral edge of the notch 202a. Each fixing plate 4 has a through hole 4a through which the connecting bolt 5a is passed. Each fixing plate 4 is firmly fixed to the segment body 202 by welding.
[0042]
In the connection structure shown in FIG. 11, the connection plate 2 of the laminated body 1 is aligned with the fixing plate 4 of the segment body 202 and a spacer (made of steel) 6 is sandwiched between the two fixing plates 4 and 4. In this state, the connecting bolt 5a is passed through the through holes 2a and 4a of the plates 4 and 4 and the through hole 6a of the spacer 6, and the bolt ends are screwed into the back nut 5b, whereby the laminate 1 and the segment body 202 are mutually connected. Can be linked to.
[0043]
In the connection structure shown in FIG. 11, the two inner and outer connection plates 2, 2 and the two fixing plates 4, 4 are provided, but the number of the connection plates 2 and the fixing plates 4 (stacked body) The number of 1 in the stacking direction) is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected in consideration of earth pressure / water pressure acting on the special segment 201.
[0044]
In the above embodiment, the segment main body 202 can be assembled as a member constituting a part of the segment ring 210 in the manner described with reference to FIG. 6 when constructing a shield tunnel.
[0045]
In addition, the laminated body 1 is installed, for example, by placing one of the two segment bodies 202 and 202 into which the laminated body 1 is incorporated in the rear space of the shield machine in the manner described above. When propelled by one ring, the laminated body 1 of the segment main bodies 202 previously installed is connected, and then the other segment main body 202 is installed in the rear space of the shield machine, and the segment main body 202 on the rear side is installed. And the laminated body 1 can be performed in the manner of connecting them.
In addition, the laminated body 1 may employ | adopt the method of conveying to the back of a shield machine in the state integrated in both or any one of the two segment main bodies 202. FIG.
[0046]
In the above embodiment, although the shape of the laminated body 1 is circular, the shape is not particularly limited, and for example, a rectangular laminated body 21 as shown in FIG. 12 may be used.
[0047]
In the above embodiment, the example in which the laminate manufactured by the present invention is applied to the shielding segment (tunnel wall) is shown, but the usage form of the laminate manufactured by the present invention is not limited to these, For example, the present invention can be applied to various wall bodies that form a circular cavity, such as a circular shaft or circular pipe.
[0048]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method for manufacturing a laminated body according to the present invention, in a state where both ends of the plate-shaped composite are regulated by the regulating member, the central portion of the plate-shaped composite is pressed, and the composite is controlled by the regulation. Since the plate-shaped composite material is curved to a predetermined curvature by restricting with a receiving arc-shaped molding surface disposed between the members, it is possible to perform a bending process with a uniform bending curvature. In addition, a plate-like composite material can be processed with a simple bending device without using a mold or the like that strictly defines the bending curvature of the entire composite material.
Since the laminate manufactured by the present invention has a structure in which a plurality of plate-like composite materials formed by reinforcing plastic foam with inorganic fibers are laminated, for example, when used in a shield segment excavable portion, the shield It becomes possible to increase the excavation speed by the machine. For example, if a plastic foam made of hard urethane resin is used, the excavation speed is about 10 times faster than that of concrete, and the excavation process can be greatly shortened.
In addition, since the plastic foam made of hard urethane resin or the like is lighter than concrete, there is an advantage that the weight of the segment can be reduced.
According to the present invention, a laminate having the above-described features can be manufactured with a simple apparatus with a uniform curvature.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a laminate produced according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing another example of a laminate produced according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of an intermediate layer constituting the laminate of FIG.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a method for producing a laminate according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a view schematically showing a cross-sectional structure of a composite material constituting a laminate manufactured according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of a shield tunnel in which a wall body is configured by a segment.
7 is a side view showing a structure of a shield ring used in the shield tunnel of FIG. 6. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a view on arrow X in FIG. 7;
9 is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of a special segment used in the shield ring of FIG. 6. FIG.
10 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the structure of a special segment used in the shield ring of FIG. 6. FIG.
11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a connection structure between the laminate of FIG. 1 and a segment main body.
12 is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of a special segment different from the above used in the shield ring of FIG. 6. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Laminated body 1a Plate-shaped composite material 1b Adhesive layer 11 Laminated body 12 Outer layer 13 Intermediate layer 14 Inner layer 101 Control member 102 Receptacle 103 Press member 201 Segment 202 Segment main body 220 Segment ring

Claims (2)

A plurality of plate-like composites made of plastic foam reinforced with inorganic fibers are laminated in a state curved to a predetermined curvature, and an adhesive layer or FRP layer is laminated between the plate-like composites. A method of manufacturing a laminate used to constitute a part of a wall body such as a tunnel wall,
In a state where both ends of the plate-like composite are regulated by the regulating member, the central part of the plate-like composite is pressed, and the composite is placed in the shape of a receiving arc disposed between the regulating members. By restricting on the molding surface, the plate-shaped composite material is curved to a predetermined curvature , and in a state where the composite material is restricted from being deformed to the state before bending, it exists between each plate-shaped composite body. method for producing a laminate characterized by Rukoto to cure the adhesive layer or FRP layer has.   The method for producing a laminate according to claim 1, wherein a plastic foam made of a hard urethane resin is used for the plastic foam, and a long glass fiber is used for the inorganic fiber.

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