JP4527846B2 - Method for producing a fuel comprising a dispersion of water and oil - Google Patents

Description

なお、この実験における長さは、振動羽根用固定部材の先端から振動羽根の先端までの長さで示したものであり、振動棒中心から前記固定部材先端部までの長さは２７ｍｍ、振動羽根の角度αは上向き１５゜の場合である。
【００３８】
振動羽根の厚みは、被処理物の粘度、振動条件により好ましい範囲は異なるが、振動羽根が折れることなく、羽根のように充分しなうことのできる程度の厚みとするのが、もっとも振動撹拌の効率を高めることができる。
【００３９】
この点から振動羽根は、系の流動に大きく寄与し、振動羽根用固定部材は系の振動に寄与しているものと推定される。
【００４０】
振動棒に固定するためにはナット（図中ナットは省略している場合が多い）を用いて基本振動部材または振動伝達部材などの振動羽根を固着することができるが、特願平６−３３７１８３号の図１８に示すようにナットの代りにストッパーリングを用いることができる。ストッパーリングを用いることにより振動棒を上下させて液中の振動棒の長さを変化させることができるので、処理槽の大きさに応じて振動棒の長さを任意に調整することができる。また、振動棒を金属製よりプラスチック製などに容易に取り替えることができる。このように処理槽内の液の性質により容易に振動棒や振動羽根などの撹拌手段を変更できることは、従来のプロペラ式撹拌機では全く行なえないことである。
【００４１】
また、本発明においては、振動発生手段と処理槽は、図１３、図１４の振動発生手段において、図１１に示すように振動伝達部材３７から下方に垂直に伸びた四本の支持棒４７、それに対応して処理槽側から上方に垂直に伸びた支持棒４８および上下支持棒４７、４８を取り巻くスプリング３６により係合されていることが好ましい。とくに上と下の支持棒４７、４８は前記スプリング３６により非接触状態に保たれていることが好ましい。これにより、振動発生手段に横ゆれが発生しても前述の係合部分でうまく横ゆれを吸収することができ、装置全体に好ましくない横ゆれの発生、それに伴う騒音の発生を防止することができる。
【００４２】
振動発生手段と処理槽の間のスプリングを用いた横ゆれ防止手段のかわりに、振動発生手段と処理槽との間に、（イ）ゴム板または（ロ）ゴム板（板状ゴム）と金属板との積層体よりなる振動吸収部材を用いることもできる。
【００４３】
本発明における振動吸収手段としての（イ）ゴム板または（ロ）ゴム板と金属板との積層体は、ゴム板により振動モーターを含む振動発生装置の振動を吸収させ、かつ金属板とゴム板が一体になって、あるいはゴム板単独で振動モーターを含む振動発生装置の重量を受け止めかつ、振動棒以外に振動が伝わらないよう無駄な振動を吸収する働きをしているものである。したがって、金属板とゴム板の積層体は、それぞれの間を接着剤により接着してもよいが、接着しないで単に積み重ねただけのものであってもよい。
【００４４】
ゴム板またはその積層体の厚みは、前述のとおり振動発生装置の重量に耐えうるものであるとともに、振動発生装置の振動を振動棒や振動羽根以外のものにはできるだけ伝達しないように吸収するという目的に叶うものであればよい。
【００４５】
積層体は、金属板／ゴム板〔例えば図１８の（ａ）参照〕または金属板／ゴム板／金属板〔例えば図１８の（ｂ）参照〕あるいはこれらの繰り返し〔例えば図１８の（ｃ）または（ｄ）参照〕よりなる構成であることができる。
【００４６】
前記ゴム板またはその積層体は、振動棒が貫通するための孔が存在するだけで処理槽全体を覆う密閉型のもの（金属板は槽の外枠と同一または大きいが、ゴム板は槽の内側に栓をするようにくいこむ形のものも使用できる）〔例えば図１９の（ａ）参照〕、前記貫通孔の個所で二分割されている準密閉型のもの〔例えば図１９の（ｂ）参照〕、あるいは処理槽の枠にほゞ一致する部分をのぞき中央部が開口している開放型のもの〔例えば図１９の（ｃ）参照〕などを例示することができる。
図１９の（ｂ）のタイプのものは、２つに分割されたゴム板を両方から分割面に押しつけるようにしてセットすれば、ほゞ密閉型と同一の働きを示す。
【００４７】
完全密閉型とする場合には、振動棒がゴム板またはその積層体を貫通する個所を可変形性シール部材でシールする必要がある。このようなシールをすれば、有毒ガスが発生する反応系の撹拌において、とくに有利である。可変形性シール部材としては、軟らかいゴムが使用できる。このような可変形性シール部材を使用しない場合でも、ゴム板またはその積層体の主成分がゴムであるうえ、振動棒の上下振動は通常２０ｍｍ以下、好ましくは１０ｍｍ以下、とくに好ましくは５ｍｍ以下であり、下限は０．１ｍｍ以上、好ましくは０．５ｍｍ以上、といった程度であるから、ゴム板またはその積層板の伸縮が振動棒の上下動にかなり追従することができるので予想外に摩擦熱は発生せず、単にゴム板またはその積層体に振動棒の外径とほゞ同じ径の穴を開け、これに振動棒を通すのみで、可成り満足できる密閉状態を形成することができる。また、前述の準密閉型の密閉状態もほゞこれに準ずる密閉状態の形成が可能である。また、シール部材と振動棒が一体となった密閉型市販品としてはＮＨＫ ＣＯ．，ＬＴＤ．社のＮＳ・・・Ａ形〔コンパクトタイプ〕直線運動用やＮＳ形〔重荷重タイプ〕直線運動用を採用することもできる。
【００４８】
積層体における金属板とゴム板との関係は、通常金属板の平面図とゴム板の平面図が一致するものを積層して積層体としたものであるが、図２０の斜視図（一部断面図）のような形状のものを使用することができるが、この場合でも、上下の補助板を除く、ゴム／金属積層体の上下面の表面積が、積層体の中心線に沿って上から下に切断して形成される積層体の表面積より大きいものであることが必要である。このような条件を満さないと、積層体が振動するとき側面からみて多少であるが「くの字」型に変形し、振動棒に歪がかかるので好ましくない。したがって、この場合の積層体部分は金属板とゴム板とがそれぞれ少なくとも１〜２層以上積層されているタイプのものが好ましい。おおむね５層以下で充分である。
【００４９】
前記ゴム板は、合成ゴムあるいは天然ゴムの加硫物であることができ、ＪＩＳＫ６３８６で規定する防振ゴムが好ましい。
【００５０】
前記合成ゴムとしては、クロロプレンゴム、ニトリルゴム、ニトリル−クロロプレンゴム、スチレン−クロロプレンゴム、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエンゴム、イソプレンゴム、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエン共重合体ゴム、エピクロルヒドリン系ゴム、アルキレンオキシド系ゴム、フッ素系ゴム、シリコーン系ゴム、ウレタン系ゴム、多硫化ゴム、フォスファビンゴムなどを例示することができる。市販ゴムシートとしては、天然ゴム板、絶縁ゴム板、導電性ゴム板、耐油性ゴム板（ＮＢＲなど）、クロロプレンゴム板、ブチルゴム板、ハイパロンゴム板、ＳＢＲゴム板、シリコンゴム板、フッ素ゴム板、アクリルゴム板、エチレンプロピレンゴム板、ウレタンゴム板、エピクロルヒドリンゴム板、難燃性ゴム板等が入手でき使用することができる。これらのゴム材料としては、とりわけ、ＪＩＳＫ６３８６（１９７７）記載の物性をもつ防振ゴムの物性を満足するものが好ましい。とくに静的せん断弾性率４〜２２ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ^２、好ましくは５〜１０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ^２、伸び２５０％以上のものが好ましい。
【００５１】
前記金属板としては、ステンレス板、鉄板、銅板、アルミニウム板、その他各種合金板などを挙げることができる。また、金属板として撹拌棒の蓋をそのまま転用することもできる。
【００５２】
本発明においては、前記（イ）ゴム板または（ロ）ゴム板と金属板との積層体よりなる振動吸収部材の使用に加えて、処理槽とその据え付け部との間に任意の振動吸収機構を付設することが好ましい。この振動吸収機構は、前記据え付け部の上方に所望の厚みのゴム層を設けることにより達成することができる。このようなゴム材としては、耐震構造建築の振動吸収材として用いられているゴム材を用いることが好ましい。また、場合によりゴム層に代えて重ね板ばね、皿ばねなどを用いることもできるし、前記ゴム層と併用することもできる。
【００５３】
また、振動モータの取付け態様は、図１３の方式でも図１４の方式でもよい。
【００５４】
この横ゆれ防止機構を備えた振動撹拌タイプの本発明の水と油からなる安定な分散液を製造する装置の１例は、図１３および図１４に示し、これらの図における横ゆれ防止機構の拡大図は、図１１に示す。図中３６はスプリング、４６は処理槽またはそれに設けられた架台あるいは補強部材、４７は基本振動部材または振動伝達部材より下方に垂直に伸びた支持棒、４８は前記４６より上方に垂直に伸びた支持棒である。図１３のタイプは振動棒７に直接振動羽根８を振動羽根用固定部材１０で固定したものであり、図１４のタイプは、振動棒７を途中で２つに分割し、分割振動棒３４、３４に分かれ、分割振動棒３４、３４には、振動羽根８、８……がかけ渡されており、この振動羽根８、８……が振動することにより系に振動撹拌を与える。
【００５５】
横ゆれ防止機構として、ゴムまたはゴム／金属積層体を用いた本発明の水と油からなる安定な分散液を製造する装置の例を図２１と図２２に示す。
【００５６】
本発明によれば、処理液を１００ｍｍ／秒以上、好ましくは２００ｍｍ／秒、とくに好ましくは２５０ｍｍ／秒以上の流速で流動させることができる。なお、この流速は、３次元電磁流速計（アレック電子株式会社製商品名ＡＣＭ３００Ａ）を用いて測定したものである。
【００５７】
前記水に可溶性のアルコールとしては、とくに水に対する溶解度が実質的に無限大のアルコール類が好ましく、その具体例としては、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、１−プロピルアルコール、２−プロピルアルコールなどの１価アルコール；エチレングリコール、１，２−プロパンジオール、１，３−プロパンジオール、イソブチレングリコール、１，４−ブタンジオール、２，３−ブタンジオールなどの多価アルコール、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルなどのアルコールエーテルを挙げることができる。水に対する溶解度が無限大ではないが、水に可溶性の他のアルコールの例としては、ｄｌ−１，２−ブタンジオール、ｄｌ−１，３−ブタンジオール、イソプロピルアルコール、１−ブチルアルコール、２−ブチルアルコールなどを挙げることができる。高級アルコールも前記アルコール類と併用するなどして使用することができる。また、アルコール以外の溶剤も使用可能である。とくに油類の割合が高い場合には水可溶性に左程こだわる必要がない。
【００５８】
前記電気石（ｔｏｕｒｍａｌｉｎｅ）としては、一般式
【化１】
ＸＹ_９Ｂ_３Ｓｉ_６Ｏ_２７（ＯまたはＯＨまたはＦ）_４
（式中、ＸはＣａ、Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｍｎよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも１種の元素であり、ＹはＭｇ、Ｆｅ、Ａｌ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｔｉ、Ｌｉよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも１種の元素である）
などで示される１９８７年２月１５日共立出版株式会社発行「化学大辞典６」第２４６頁記載のホウ素含有シクロケイ酸塩鉱物や平成７年１１月３０日株式会社保育社発行「岩石鉱物」第８６頁記載の一般式
【化２】
ＸＹ_３Ａｌ_６（ＢＯ_３）_３（Ｓｉ_６Ｏ_１８）（ＯＨ）_４
（式中、ＸはＮａ、Ｃａよりなる群から選ばれた元素であり、ＹはＡｌ、Ｆｅ、Ｌｉ、Ｍｇよりなる群から選ばれた元素である）
で示されるホウ素含有シクロケイ酸塩鉱物であり、具体的鉱物名としては、ショール〔ＮａＦｅ_３Ａｌ_６Ｂ_３Ｓｉ_６Ｏ_２７（ＯＨ）_４〕、ドラバイト〔ＮａＭｇ_３Ａｌ_６Ｂ_３Ｓｉ_６Ｏ_２７（ＯＨ）_４〕、エルバイト〔ＮａＬｉ_３Ａｌ_６Ｂ_３Ｓｉ_６Ｏ_２７（ＯＨ）_４〕、チラサイト、石灰苦土電気石〔ＣａＭｇ_４Ａｌ_５Ｂ_３Ｓｉ_６Ｏ_２７（ＯＨ）_４〕、リシア電気石〔Ｎａ（Ａｌ，Ｆｅ，Ｌｉ，Ｍｇ）_３Ｂ_３Ａｌ_３（Ａｌ_３Ｓｉ_６Ｏ_２７）（Ｏ，ＯＨ，Ｆ）_４〕などがある。
【００５９】
前記電気石は、例えばステンレス金網などで作ったカゴなどに入れた状態で処理槽内に吊り下げ、処理液と接触する状態にして使用する。電気石の個々の大きさはカゴからこぼれ出ない範囲において小さいほど接触面積が大きくなるので好都合である。使用量に制限はないが、水と油の合計量に対し、１〜１０％程度の割合で使用するのが一応の目安である。
【００６０】
アルコール類や電気石の併用により、界面活性剤の使用量を一層少なくすることができる。
【００６１】
本発明における油とは、石油、重油、廃油、灯油、軽油、ガソリンなどの炭化水素系油あるいは動物油、植物油などを挙げることができるが、油−樹脂結合体、長油性アルキッド樹脂や短油性アルキッド樹脂のように油変性樹脂は本発明における油ではない。
【００６２】
本発明において、ガソリン、軽油、灯油あるいは重油に水を加えて安定な分散液とした燃料は、廃ガス中に有害成分が少なく、燃焼効率も高いので、経済的である上、ＮＯｘやＳＯｘの発生量が少なく、極めて地球環境にやさしい燃料である。また、タンカー底部やガソリンスタンド貯油槽底部に堆積する廃棄用ビルジ廃油のように、処理に困っていた廃油や廃塗料も、本発明により水と油の分散液とすれば充分燃料として使用することができる。
【００６３】
本発明によれば、機械油、潤滑油、天ぷら油などの廃油についても水と安定な分散液とすることができるので、これらも新しい燃料としての道が開ける。また場合によっては、脱脂剤廃液、金属加工等の廃油エマルジョン、工業用クリーニング廃液などに直接本発明を適用することもできる。また、これらに他の廃油を加えて本発明を適用したものは、燃料として使用できる。さらに水のかわりに界面活性剤を含んでいるめっき工程の脱脂廃液を用いることもできる。この場合は脱脂廃液の処理と界面活性剤の節約が同時に達成できる。
【００６４】
食品分野では、マヨネーズやドレッシングのように食用油と水系成分との分散体がいろいろ用いられており、そのためには高価なホモジナイザーが用いられているが、本発明を適用すれば、高価なホモジナイザーより一層均一に分散されたマヨネーズやドレッシングを得ることができる。
【００６５】
本発明に用いる界面活性剤としては、とくに制限はないが、使用する油に対する親和性と水に対する親和性のバランスのとれたものが好ましい。通常、硫酸エステル型、スルホン酸型のアニオン系界面活性剤やアルキレンオキサイド系非イオン界面活性剤、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルフェノール系非イオン界面活性剤などを挙げることができる。油が食用油の場合には、ソルビトール脂肪酸エステル系やポリオキシエチレンソルビトール脂肪酸エステル系などの人体に無害の界面活性剤を選択することは当然である。また高分子分散剤も使用可能であり、とくに前記界面活性剤と併用して使用することができる。高分子分散剤としては、水溶性でんぷん、リグニンスルホン酸ソーダなどの天然系高分子、アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物ナトリウム塩、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリビニルアルコールなどの合成高分子などを挙げることができる。
【００６６】
界面活性剤の使用量は、混合系に対して、０．８重量％以下、好ましくは０．５重量％以下、さらに好ましくは０．３重量％以下、一般的には０．０１〜０．５重量％、好ましくは０．１〜０．３重量％で使用する。
【００６７】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれにより何ら限定されるものではない。
【００６８】
実施例１
図１５〜１７に本発明の実施例に使用する振動撹拌手段と処理槽を示す。図１５は、本発明の実施例１に用いた装置の断面図であり、図１６は、図１５の他の断面図であり、図１７は上面図である。振動撹拌手段を駆動するための振動モーターは、株式会社村上精機工作所の３相、２００Ｖ、７５Ｗの高周波（１５０〜１８０Ｈｚ）振動モーターハイフレユーラスＫＨＥ−１−２Ｔを用い、処理槽は内寸１１００×４５０×５００（ｍｍ）のステンレス容器を用いた。振動撹拌機は図１５〜１６に示すように、２本の振動棒（ＳＵＳ３０４製）の間に５枚の振動羽根（ＳＵＳ３０４製）を取り付けたものであり、上４枚の振動羽根は水平方向から１５°上向きに、一番下の振動羽根は水平方向から１５°下向きに取り付けたものである。
使用界面活性剤
・アルキルエーテル硫酸エステルナトリウム
・脂肪酸アルカノールアミド
・アルキルアミンオキシド
・ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル（主成分）
・アルキルベタイン
を４０％含有しているＪＩＳ Ｋ ３３７０の洗浄剤と表示されている花王石鹸株式会社製商品名「ファミリー」を処理液５リットルに対し、１５ｍｌの割合で用いた。
振動撹拌条件：インバーターにより振動モーターを１８０Ｈｚで振動させた。
【００６９】
各組成物の乳化状態は、下記表のとおりである。
【表２】

△：１２時間後に若干の分離がみられた。
◎：７日後においても非常に良好なエマルジョンであった。
ガソリンは、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２０１（１９８０）１号のものを使用。
【００７０】
【表３】

△：１２時間後に若干の分離がみられた。
○：７日後においても良好なエマルジョンであった。
灯油は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２０３（１９８２）２号を用いた。
【００７１】
【表４】

△：１２時間後に若干の分離がみられた。
○：７日後においても良好なエマルジョンであった。
重油は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２０５（１９８０）１種１号Ａ重油を用いた。
【００７２】
実施例２
実施例１と同様の要領で、同量の界面活性剤を用いて６０分間振動撹拌して得られたガソリン／水混合物、灯油／水混合物、Ａ重油／水混合物について、燃焼試験を行ったところ、下記の結果が得られた。
【００７３】
燃焼は、灯油／水混合物およびＡ重油／水混合物の場合は、三浦工業（株）のボイラーＳＩ−２０００を使用した。ボイラー効率９５．０％、空気比１．２４％、煙突の口径３００ｍｍ、煙突の高さ６．０ｍであった。廃ガス中のＮＯｘやＳＯｘの測定はＪＩＳ Ｋ−０１０３およびＪＩＳ Ｋ−０１０４で行った。
なお、ガソリン／水混合物の場合は、オートバイの燃料タンクに該混合物を入れ、エンジンを駆動させることにより燃焼テストを行った。なお、ＮＯｘ発生量の測定法およびＳＯｘ発生量の測定法は下記に従った。
ＮＯｘ発生量の測定法：ＪＩＳ Ｋ ０１０４に準拠
ＳＯｘ発生量の測定法：ＪＩＳ Ｋ ０１０３に準拠
【００７４】
【表５】

【００７５】
【表６】

【００７６】
【表７】

【００７７】
実施例３
実施例１において、水と油の混合物として、
（Ａ）水：灯油：メタノール＝３：６：１
（Ｂ）水：灯油：メタノール＝４：５：１
いずれも容量比
灯油はＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２０３（１９８２）２号
メタノールは工業用メタノール
を用いた以外は、実施例１を繰り返した。なお、界面活性剤の種類およびその使用量も同一とした。
撹拌時間が３０分では、生成物を５リットル容器に採取して観察すると（Ａ）、（Ｂ）いずれも１日後にわずかに分離の傾向が認められたが、６０分間撹拌したものでは１０日間放置しても分離はおきておらず、全体が乳白色で原液よりわずかに粘度が上がっていた。
前記（Ａ）を６０分撹拌処理したものの顕微鏡写真を図２３に示す。なお、参考までに
水：灯油＝４：６
とした以外は前記と同一の操作を繰り返し、６０分間撹拌処理したものの顕微鏡写真を図２４に示す。図から分るように本発明のエマルジョンは直径２μｍ前後のものが多く、１μｍ以下や５μｍ以上のものが非常に少ないため、長期の安定性を示すものと考えられる。ちなみに１μｍ以下の粒子が多くなると凝集がおこりやすく、５μｍ以上の粒子が多くなると沈降やクリーミングが発生しやすい。この６０分撹拌処理したものを実施例１の要領で燃焼試験を行った結果を下記に示す。
【表８】

【００７８】
実施例４
実施例１の装置を用い、処理槽内に平均直径５ｍｍのトルマリン鉱石（エルバイト）５リットルを入れたステンレス製金網カゴ（カゴの網目は１ｍｍ×１ｍｍ）をつり下げ、界面活性剤の使用量を半分に減らしたほかは、実施例１を繰り返した。
その結果、実施例１と同一の結果が得られた。
【００７９】
比較例１
実施例１において３相、２００Ｖ、７５Ｗの高周波振動モーターハイフレユーラスＫＨＥ−１−２Ｔの代りに３相、２００Ｖ、７５Ｗの低周波振動モーター（株式会社村上精機工作所製ＫＥＥ−１−２Ｂ）を取り付け、振動撹拌条件をインバーターにより４０Ｈｚで振動させた以外は、実施例１を繰り返した。撹拌時間が６０分、１２０分、１８０分のいずれのものについても7日後には完全に層分離していた。このケースで生成したエマルジョンを調べてみたところ、図２５に示すとおりであり、１μｍ以下の粒子が多く、一方１０μｍ以上の大きな粒子も顕微鏡の視野のかなりの面積を占めており、エマルジョンとして好適な範囲の２μｍ前後の粒子は非常に少なかった。
【００８０】
【発明の効果】
（１）本発明により、極めて分散状態が安定している水と油の混合、分散系を得ることができ、得られた混合、分散系は乳化、分散粒子が極めて小さく、かつ粒度分布が狭く、比較的均一な粒子が分散した状態である。
（２）水に対する油の割合が低くても、燃焼することは非常に驚くべきことであり、かつ、それにより得られるエネルギーも、相当する量の油が発生するエネルギーに優るとも劣らない。
（３）燃焼による廃ガス中のＮＯｘやＳＯｘを調べたところ、油のみを燃焼したときに較べて、ＮＯｘやＳＯｘの発生量が大幅に低減していた。
（４）以上の点を総合すると、本発明により得られた水と油の混合物は、将来の低公害形燃料として有望である。
（５）タンカー底部の廃油やガソリンスタンド貯油槽底部の廃油あるいは水分を多く含む含油質産業廃棄物など燃料として使用する道を開くものである。
（６）アルコール類を添加したものは、燃焼のさいに黒煙が大巾に減少する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明に係る水と油との分散液からなる燃料を製造する装置の一部を縦断した正面図である。
【図２】 本発明に係る水と油との分散液からなる燃料を製造する装置を処理槽に取付けた状態を示す平面図である。
【図３】 図２のＸ−Ｘ′線における処理槽および水と油との分散液からなる燃料を製造する装置の一部の縦断面図である。
【図４】 本発明装置における振動応力分散手段としてゴム質リングを用いた場合の拡大断面図である。
【図５】 本発明装置における振動応力分散手段としてゴム質リングをもちいた場合のもう１つの変形例を示す拡大断面図である。
【図６】 本発明装置における振動応力分散手段として金属線束を用いた場合の拡大断面図を示す。
【図７】 金属線束端部の断面図を示す。
【図８】 （ａ）は振動羽根の形状の１例を示す平面図であり、（ｂ）はその変形例を示す平面図である。
【図９】 （ａ）は振動羽根の形状の１例を示す平面図であり、（ｂ）はその変形例を示す平面図である。
【図１０】 振動羽根の長さとしなりの程度の関係をモデル的に示すグラフである。
【図１１】 本発明の横ゆれ防止機構の拡大断面図である。
【図１２】 振動羽根と振動羽根用固定部材の間に合成樹脂シートまたはゴムシートを介在させた振動羽根部の拡大断面図である。
【図１３】 本発明装置の１具体例を示す断面図である。
【図１４】 図１３に示した本発明装置の１変形例を示す断面図である。
【図１５】 本発明装置のもう１つの変形例を示す断面図である。
【図１６】 図１５の装置の側面断面図である。
【図１７】 図１５の装置の上面図である。
【図１８】 本発明の金属板／ゴム板の積層体よりなる振動吸収部材の種々のタイプのものを示す断面図であり、（ａ）は、金属板−ゴム板積層体の、（ｂ）は、金属板−ゴム板−金属板積層体の、（ｃ）は、金属板−ゴム板−金属板−ゴム板積層体の、（ｄ）は、金属板−ゴム板−金属板−ゴム板−金属板積層体の断面図である。
【図１９】 本発明の金属板／ゴム板積層体よりなる振動吸収部材の種々のタイプのものの平面図であり、（ａ）は密閉型の一例を、（ｂ）は準密閉型の一例を、（ｃ）は非密閉型の一例を示す平面図である。
【図２０】 本発明の金属板／ゴム板積層体よりなる振動吸収部材の特殊なケースを示す一部切断斜視図である。
【図２１】 本発明装置の他の変形例を示す断面図である。
【図２２】 本発明装置の図２１の側面断面図である。
【図２３】 実施例３の（Ａ）のものを本発明方法により１時間処理して得られた水と油の混合物の顕微鏡写真である。
【図２４】 水と灯油を４：６で用いた以外は実施例３の条件で１時間水と油を撹拌して得られたエマルジョンの顕微鏡写真である。
【図２５】 比較例１で１時間水と油を撹拌して得られたエマルジョンの顕微鏡写真である。
【符号の説明】
１ 処理槽
２ 振動モーター
３ 振動吸収体であるバネ
４ａ 本体載置台
４ｂ 台板
５ ガイドシャフト
６ 支持架台
７ 振動棒
７′ 補助振動棒
８ 振動羽根
９ 振動羽根用固定部材
１０ 振動羽根用固定部材
１１ 接続部（応力分散手段）
１２ ナット
１２′ ナット
１３ ナット
１３′ ナット
１４ ナット
１５ ナット
１６ ワッシャーリング
１６′ ワッシャーリング
１７ 振動棒のネジ溝
１７′ 補助振動棒のネジ溝
１８ ゴム質リング
１８′ ゴム質リング
１９ ナット
２０ 接続リング
２１ 接続リング
２２ ナット
２３ 金属線束
２４ 金属線
２５ 金属線束の被覆部
２６ 金属線束の被覆部に設けたネジ溝
２９ ナット
３０ スペーサ
３１ 球面状キャップ
３３ 合成樹脂シート又はゴムシート（クッション作用）
３４ 分割振動棒
３５ インバーター
３６ スプリング
３７ 振動伝達部材
４６ 処理槽またはそれに設けられた架台あるいは補強部材
４７ 基本振動部材またはそれに設けられた架台あるいは補助部材より下方に垂直に伸びた支持棒
４８ 前記４６より上方に垂直に伸びた支持棒
５１ 金属板
５２ ゴム板
５３ 金属板とゴム板の積層体
５４ 補助板
５５ 振動棒を通すための穴
５６ 中空部
５７ ナット
５８ ボルト
５９ パッキング[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention relates to water and oilA fuel consisting of a dispersion ofIt relates to a method of manufacturing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
According to a 1995 newspaper, Caterpillar and energy venture company A-55 (Nevada) jointly mixed 55% water and 45% gasoline with a special additive. It is reported that a technology has been developed in which the fuel is injected into the engine through a special catalyst and burned.
[0003]
In this way, mixing water with gasoline and other oils can greatly reduce the exhaust gas during combustion, and it is difficult to burn in the air and the risk of ignition is extremely low. Although there are extremely large ones, unfortunately, looking at the places where the above-mentioned technology is not yet widespread, it can be imagined that the cause is that the mixture of water and gasoline cannot exist stably.
[0004]
As a method for mixing water and oil, a method is known in which water and oil are mixed with a propeller-type stirrer in the presence of an appropriate amount of a surfactant. However, those with high viscosity, such as mayonnaise, that are mixed with eggs can maintain a stable mixed and dispersed state for a long time, but a large amount of liquid fuel such as gasoline, light oil and kerosene is dispersed in water. It is extremely difficult to maintain a stable state, and the knowledge that such a dispersion system can exist stably is not yet known.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a mixed system of water and oil and a dispersion system in which the dispersion state is extremely stable.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In the first aspect of the present invention, a desired vibration of 70 to 300 Hz, preferably 100 to 200 Hz, particularly preferably 140 to 180 Hz is generated by a vibration motor by an inverter, and this vibration is processed through a vibration stress distribution means. A vibrating blade having a single or multi-stage vibration rod fixed thereto is vibrated with an amplitude of 0.01 to 10.0 mm, and water and oil in the treatment tank are produced in the presence of a surfactant in the presence of a surfactant. Dispersion)The emulsion has a diameter of more than 1 μm and less than 5 μm, and this emulsionIs capable of maintaining an emulsion (dispersed) state for 7 days or more.EmulsionThe present invention relates to a fuel manufacturing method. In addition, although the ratio of water and oil is not particularly limited, the ratio can be applied in a wide range of 1:99 to 90:10.
[0007]
  The second aspect of the present invention is the water according to claim 1, wherein alcohols soluble in water coexist in an amount of 20% by weight or less, preferably 5 to 15% by weight, based on the total amount of water and oil. oilFor producing a fuel comprising a dispersion ofAbout.
[0008]
A third aspect of the present invention is that the first or second aspect of the present invention is carried out in the presence of tourmaline.
[0009]
An example of the apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows an example of the device of the present invention, and is a one-part longitudinal sectional front view. 2 and 3 show a state in which the apparatus is attached to an upper open type circular tank (treatment tank) 1. The treatment tank 1 contains water and oil to be treated. In the apparatus of the present invention, a vibration rod 7 is attached to the vibration motor 2, and a vibration blade fixing member 9 such as a nut or a fixing plate is attached to the vibration rod 7 through a holding plate, preferably not shown. It is fixed so that it cannot rotate. In this example, the vibration blade 8 is composed of five sheets. In order not to transmit the vibration of the vibration motor 2 to the processing tank 1, a vibration absorption mechanism is provided below the main body mounting table 4 a that supports and fixes the vibration motor 2 on the upper surface. The vibration absorbing mechanism includes a spring 3 interposed between the base plate 4b and the main body mounting table 4a so that the guide shaft 5 fixed on the base plate 4b can slide up and down on the main body mounting table 4a in order to prevent side slip. The main body mounting table 4a is guided through the spring (spring) 3 in a vertically divided manner (see FIG. 11). Instead of the spring 3, a buffer such as rubber may be used. In this case, the guide shaft 5 and the buffer are provided at different positions. The blade shape shown in FIG. 9 was used. The blade was made of metal or plastic and had a thickness of 1.5 mm. The angle is horizontal.
[0010]
In order to control the frequency, the transistor inverter 35 is connected in front of the vibration motor, and 200 V is supplied. The vibration energy of the vibration motor 2 is insulated from the treatment tank 1 by a vibration absorber of a vibration absorber mechanism, for example, a spring 3, and the energy is transmitted to the water to be treated from the vibration rod 7 by the vibration blade 8 and treated water. Circulates and flows. The vibration motor 2 can be used as the vibration generating means. Vibration motors belong to the category of so-called high-frequency vibrators. For example, various grades of the three-phase 200V, 0.075-3.7kW product name "High Fleurus" manufactured by Murakami Seiki Kogyo Co. Selectable can be used.
[0011]
The vibration blade generates any specific vibration between 70 to 300 Hz, preferably 100 to 200 Hz, particularly preferably 140 to 180 Hz by a vibration motor controlled by an inverter. The material and thickness of the vibration blade are: It is preferable that the blade vibrates while being bent by this vibration.
[0012]
Moreover, it is preferable that the shape of the vibrating blades is such that the plate does not have a cut portion. If there is a notch, it is not preferable because a crack occurs in the blade from the notched part due to material fatigue due to vibration. The most preferable shape is a strip having the same width as that of the base portion of the vibrating blade fixed to the vibrating rod except for the tip of the blade.
[0013]
In the present invention, it is preferable to provide vibration stress dispersion means. An example of the apparatus of the present invention using the stress dispersing means is shown in FIG. Examples of the stress distribution means constituting the connecting portion 11 in FIG. 13 include the following means.
[0014]
To describe one vibration stress distribution means, a rubber ring provided around the vibration rod at the lower part and / or the upper part of the vibration generation means is provided at the connection portion between the vibration generation means and the vibration rod. The rubber ring is preferably thick.
[0015]
For example, as shown in FIG. 4 or 5, when connecting the vibration rod 7 to the vibration transmission member 37, the vibration rod 7 is passed through a predetermined hole of the vibration transmission member 37, and the end of the vibration rod 7 is connected to the nut 12. , 13, fixed by the washer ring 16 (in the case of FIG. 4, a rubber ring 18 ′ is interposed between the vibration transmission member 37 and the washer ring 16), while the opposite side of the vibration transmission member 37 is vibration The synthetic rubber ring 18 is inserted into the rod 7 and fixed with nuts 14 and 15.
[0016]
In the case where the rubber ring 18 or 18 'is not used at all, the vibration stress is concentrated in the vicinity of the joint between the vibration transmitting member and the vibration rod, and there is a problem that the vibration rod is easily broken. It was completely eliminated by inserting the ring. In particular, when the vibration frequency is increased to 100 Hz or higher without using a rubber ring, the vibration rod is often broken. However, the vibration frequency can be increased without such a concern.
[0017]
The rubber ring can be composed of a hard elastic body having a Shore A hardness of 80 to 120, preferably 90 to 100, such as hard natural rubber, hard synthetic rubber, or synthetic resin. In particular, a hard urethane rubber having a Shore A hardness of 90 to 100 is preferable in terms of durability and chemical resistance.
[0018]
Another vibration stress dispersion means is to insert a metal wire bundle between the vibration generator and the vibration rod at the connection portion between the vibration generation means and the vibration rod. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, when connecting the vibration rod 7 to the vibration transmission member 37, the auxiliary vibration rod 7 ′ and the metal wire bundle 23 are interposed. In some cases, the metal wire bundle 23 can be directly connected to the vibration transmitting member 37 without using the auxiliary vibrating rod 7 ′. Specifically, one end of the auxiliary vibrating rod 7 'is fixed to the vibration transmitting member 37 by nuts 12, 12', 13, 13 'and washer rings 16, 16', and a nut 19 and a connection ring 20 are connected to the other end. Then, one end of the metal wire bundle 23 was connected, and then the vibrating rod 7 was connected to the other end of the metal wire bundle 23 using the connection ring 21 and the nut 22. Thereby, the same effect as the case where a rubber ring is used can be produced.
[0019]
A metal wire bundle is a type whose structure is often used as a cable for a suspension bridge, and is a bundle of many metal single wires or metal strands from the outside at the end. Is used. The connection between the metal wire bundle and the other object can be achieved by cutting a screw in the metal coating portion.
[0020]
The size of the metal wire bundle is about the same as the diameter of the vibrating rod, and the length is long enough that the upper and lower metal wire bundle covers and the connection rings attached to the cover do not contact each other due to vibration. Good.
[0021]
Usually, the vibration motor is set on the processing tank, on the side wall of the processing tank or on a hard floor. When the tank is thin (stainless steel tank 5 mm or less) and vibration is transmitted to the tank side wall or floor surface by the vibration of the liquid, it is preferable to install a pedestal outside the tank. When the thickness of the tank is 5 mm or less, a reinforcing member may be attached to the side wall of the tank in such a manner as to tighten the band, and the vibration device may be installed there. The vibration generated by the vibration motor is transmitted to the vibration rod through the basic vibration member. In this case, it is preferable that the vibration motor is usually set so as to be suspended below the basic vibration member (see FIG. 14). By doing so, the center of gravity can be lowered, and the occurrence of side shake can be extremely reduced.
[0022]
The vibration generating means in the present invention usually employs a system that vibrates a basic vibration member, a vibration transmission member, or the like with a vibration motor (including an electric motor, an air motor, etc.). Instead of the vibration motor, vibration generating means such as an electromagnetic magnet or an air gun can be used.
[0023]
The vibration blade portion is composed of the vibration blade and the vibration blade fixing member, and a plurality of vibration blades stacked or a member obtained by integrally forming the vibration blade and the vibration blade fixing member can be used.
[0024]
The material of the vibrating blade is preferably a thin metal, elastic synthetic resin, or the like, but at least the tip of the blade plate flutters (in a state where waves are struck) due to the vertical vibration of the vibration motor. It is preferable to have a thickness that can be applied to the system in addition to vibration. Magnetic metals such as titanium, aluminum, copper, steel, stainless steel, magnetic steel, and alloys thereof can be used as the material for the metal vibrating blades. As the synthetic resin, polycarbonate, vinyl chloride resin, polypropylene or the like can be used. The thickness is not particularly limited in order to transmit vibration energy and increase the vibration effect, but generally 0.2 to 2 mm is preferable for metal, and 0.5 to 10 mm is preferable for plastic. If it is too thick, the effect of vibration agitation is reduced.
[0025]
When an elastic synthetic resin or the like is used as the material of the vibration blade, the thickness is not particularly limited, but generally 0.5 to 5 mm is preferable, but in the case of a metal such as stainless steel, 0.2 to 1 mm, for example 0.6 mm. Those are preferred. The amplitude of the diaphragm is 0.1 to 15 mm, preferably 0.5 to 5 mm.
[0026]
The vibration blades can be attached to the vibration shaft in a single stage or multiple stages. When the vibration blades are multi-staged, it varies depending on the water level, the capacity, and the size of the vibration motor, and can be increased to 5 to 7 as necessary. When increasing the number of stages, if the load of the vibration motor is increased, the vibration width decreases and the vibration motor may generate heat. The vibrating blades may be integrated. Although the angle of the vibration blade portion may be horizontal with respect to the vibration axis, it can have a certain angle, and the angle α (see FIG. 12) should be 5 to 30 degrees, particularly 10 to 20 degrees, to give direction to the vibration. You can also.
[0027]
The vibrating blades can be formed by squeezing from both upper and lower surfaces by a vibrating blade fixing member and fixing the vibrating blade to the vibrating rod. Further, the vibration blade fixing member and the vibration blade can be integrally inclined as shown in FIG. 12 when viewed from the side of the vibration shaft.
[0028]
The vibrating blade and the fixing member for the vibrating blade can also be manufactured by integrally molding using plastics, for example. In this case, as compared with the case where the vibrating blade and the fixing member for the vibrating blade are used separately, it is possible to avoid the disadvantage that the object to be processed enters and adheres to the joint portion and takes time for cleaning. In addition, since the blade and the fixing member are integrated, a thickness difference does not occur and stress concentration can be avoided, so that the service life of the blade can be greatly extended.
[0029]
On the other hand, if the vibrating blade and the fixing member for the vibrating blade are separately formed, only the vibrating blade can be replaced. In this case, the vibration blade, the vibration blade fixing member, and the integrally molded product are not limited to plastics, and various materials described above can be used. When using the fixing members 9 and 10 for the vibrating blades, the vibrating blades are sandwiched from above and below, but the fixing members can be different in size from top to bottom. Stress can be dispersed.
[0030]
Further, as seen in FIG. 12, a synthetic resin sheet such as a fluorine resin sheet or a rubber sheet 33 is interposed between the vibration blade fixing member 10 and the vibration blade 8 to provide a cushioning action, thereby providing a vibration blade. Stress can be dispersed. Moreover, it is preferable that the synthetic resin sheet or the rubber sheet 33 is longer than the vibration blade fixing member 10 and has a length protruding slightly toward the tip of the vibration blade.
[0031]
The vibration blade portion made of the vibration blade or the vibration blade fixing member can be fixed to the vibration rod using a nut. When a large number of vibrating blades and / or fixing members for vibrating blades are attached to a vibrating rod, a cylindrical spacer 30 having a fixed length that is just fitted to the vibrating rod after being fixed with a nut 29 as shown in FIG. By inserting one (see FIG. 13) or a plurality of (see FIG. 12), the interval between the vibration blade and / or the fixing member for the vibration blade can be easily fixed.
[0032]
Various shapes can be adopted as the shape of the vibrating blade (or the vibrating blade portion). One example is shown in FIGS. The vibrating blades 8 and 8 in FIG. 8A may be made by cutting a single plate into a cross shape, or may be made by stacking two rectangular pieces. The fixing member 10 may be the same as the width of the vibrating blade [FIGS. 8A and 9A] or may be narrower than the width of the vibrating blade [see FIGS. 8B and 9B]. . In these cases, if the blade is provided with a notch as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 of Japanese Patent Application No. 6-337183, there is a tendency to induce damage to the vibrating blade and the fixing member in the case of long-term use. It is preferable not to provide it.
[0033]
When the angle α is given to the vibrating blades as shown in FIG. 12, among the many vibrating blades, as shown in FIG. 22 of Japanese Patent Application No. 6-337183, the lower one or two sheets are set to downward angles, Other than that, the upward angle can be set. If it does in this way, the bottom of a processing tank can be fully stirred and it can prevent that a pool occurs in the lower part.
[0034]
The above description has been given for the case where the number of vibrating bars is one. However, it is needless to say that a plurality of vibrating bars may be used, and it is effective for stirring a large processing tank by using multiple axes. Specific examples thereof are shown in FIGS. This specific example is a case with two vibrating bars, which is well illustrated in FIG.
[0035]
The degree of the “bending phenomenon” of the vibrating blade that occurs with the vibration of the vibrating blade portion varies depending on the frequency of applying vibration, the length and thickness of the vibrating blade, the viscosity of the object to be stirred, the specific gravity, etc. You can choose the length and thickness that best “smooths” in frequency. When the frequency and the thickness of the vibrating blade are made constant and the length of the vibrating blade plate is changed, the bending degree of the vibrating blade becomes the length (the length of the portion ahead of the fixed member) as shown in FIG. ) Increases to a certain level as it increases, but if it is too much, it becomes smaller, some lengths sometimes become less likely, and if the vibrating blade is made longer, the relationship becomes larger again. Has come to understand. A model of this state is shown in FIG.
[0036]
Therefore, the length of the vibrating blade (the length of the portion ahead of the fixing member) is preferably selected to be a length showing the first peak or a length showing the second peak. The length indicating the first peak or the length indicating the second peak can be appropriately selected depending on whether the vibration of the system is increased or the flow is increased. When the length indicating the third peak is selected, the vibration width becomes small and the use is limited.
[0037]
The length of the peak at the first time, and the second time for various thicknesses of diaphragm made of SUS304 with KHE-1-2T (manufactured by Murakami Seiki Co., Ltd.) with a frequency of 150 to 180 Hz and 75 kW. When the length showing the peak of was obtained, the following results were obtained.
[Table 1]

The length in this experiment is the length from the tip of the vibration blade fixing member to the tip of the vibration blade. The length from the center of the vibration rod to the tip of the fixing member is 27 mm, and the vibration blade In this case, the angle α is upward 15 °.
[0038]
The preferred range of the thickness of the vibrating blade varies depending on the viscosity of the workpiece and the vibration conditions, but the thickness of the vibrating blade does not break, and the thickness of the blade can be adequately maintained as if it is a blade. Can be increased.
[0039]
From this point, it is presumed that the vibration blade greatly contributes to the flow of the system, and the vibration blade fixing member contributes to the vibration of the system.
[0040]
In order to fix to the vibration rod, a vibration blade such as a basic vibration member or a vibration transmission member can be fixed using a nut (the nut is often omitted in the figure), but Japanese Patent Application No. 6-337183. A stopper ring can be used in place of the nut as shown in FIG. Since the length of the vibrating rod in the liquid can be changed by moving the vibrating rod up and down by using the stopper ring, the length of the vibrating rod can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the size of the treatment tank. In addition, the vibrating rod can be easily replaced from metal to plastic. As described above, the fact that the stirring means such as the vibrating rod and the vibrating blade can be easily changed depending on the properties of the liquid in the treatment tank is not possible at all with a conventional propeller type stirrer.
[0041]
Further, in the present invention, the vibration generating means and the processing tank are the four support rods 47 vertically extending downward from the vibration transmitting member 37 as shown in FIG. Correspondingly, the support rod 48 and the upper and lower support rods 47, 48 extending vertically upward from the processing tank side are preferably engaged by a spring 36 surrounding the support rod 48. In particular, the upper and lower support rods 47 and 48 are preferably kept in a non-contact state by the spring 36. As a result, even if a lateral vibration occurs in the vibration generating means, the lateral vibration can be absorbed well by the engaging portion described above, and an undesirable lateral vibration and an accompanying noise can be prevented. it can.
[0042]
Instead of means for preventing lateral shaking using a spring between the vibration generating means and the treatment tank, (i) a rubber plate or (b) a rubber plate (plate rubber) and metal between the vibration generating means and the treatment tank. A vibration absorbing member made of a laminated body with a plate can also be used.
[0043]
In the present invention, (i) a rubber plate or a laminate of (b) a rubber plate and a metal plate as vibration absorbing means in the present invention absorbs the vibration of a vibration generator including a vibration motor by the rubber plate, and the metal plate and the rubber plate. Are integrated with each other, or the rubber plate alone receives the weight of the vibration generating device including the vibration motor, and absorbs unnecessary vibration so that vibration is not transmitted to other than the vibration rod. Therefore, the laminate of the metal plate and the rubber plate may be bonded with an adhesive between them, but may be simply stacked without being bonded.
[0044]
As described above, the thickness of the rubber plate or the laminate thereof can withstand the weight of the vibration generating device, and absorbs the vibration of the vibration generating device so as not to be transmitted to anything other than the vibrating rod and the vibrating blade. It may be anything that meets the purpose.
[0045]
The laminate may be a metal plate / rubber plate (for example, see FIG. 18 (a)) or a metal plate / rubber plate / metal plate (for example, see FIG. 18 (b)) or a repetition thereof (for example, FIG. 18 (c)). Or, see (d)].
[0046]
The rubber plate or its laminated body is a sealed type that covers the entire processing tank only by the presence of a hole through which the vibrating rod penetrates (the metal plate is the same or larger than the outer frame of the tank, but the rubber plate is (It is also possible to use a shape that is difficult to plug inside) (see, for example, FIG. 19A), a semi-sealing type that is divided into two at the through hole (for example, FIG. 19B) Reference], or an open type (see, for example, FIG. 19C) in which the central portion is opened except for a portion that substantially matches the frame of the treatment tank.
In the case of the type shown in FIG. 19B, if the rubber plate divided into two parts is set so as to be pressed against the divided surface from both sides, the same function as that of the sealed type is exhibited.
[0047]
In the case of a completely sealed type, it is necessary to seal a portion where the vibration rod penetrates the rubber plate or the laminated body with a deformable sealing member. Such a seal is particularly advantageous in stirring a reaction system that generates toxic gases. As the deformable seal member, soft rubber can be used. Even when such a deformable seal member is not used, the main component of the rubber plate or the laminate thereof is rubber, and the vertical vibration of the vibrating bar is usually 20 mm or less, preferably 10 mm or less, particularly preferably 5 mm or less. Yes, since the lower limit is 0.1 mm or more, preferably 0.5 mm or more, the expansion and contraction of the rubber plate or its laminated plate can considerably follow the vertical movement of the vibrating rod, so the frictional heat is unexpectedly It does not occur, and a satisfactory sealed state can be formed simply by opening a hole having the same diameter as the outer diameter of the vibration rod in the rubber plate or its laminate and passing the vibration rod through the hole. Further, the above-described semi-sealed type sealed state can be formed in a sealed state similar to this. Further, as a sealed commercial product in which a seal member and a vibrating rod are integrated, NHK CO. , LTD. NS type A [compact type] for linear motion and NS type [heavy load type] for linear motion can also be employed.
[0048]
The relationship between the metal plate and the rubber plate in the laminate is usually a laminate in which the plan view of the metal plate and the plan view of the rubber plate coincide with each other, but the perspective view of FIG. Can be used, but even in this case, the surface area of the upper and lower surfaces of the rubber / metal laminate excluding the upper and lower auxiliary plates is from above along the center line of the laminate. It needs to be larger than the surface area of the laminate formed by cutting below. If these conditions are not satisfied, it is not preferable because when the laminated body vibrates, it slightly deforms when viewed from the side surface, but deforms into a “U” shape and strains the vibrating rod. Accordingly, the laminate portion in this case is preferably of a type in which at least one or two or more metal plates and rubber plates are laminated. Generally, 5 layers or less are sufficient.
[0049]
The rubber plate may be a vulcanized product of synthetic rubber or natural rubber, and is preferably an anti-vibration rubber specified by JISK6386.
[0050]
Examples of the synthetic rubber include chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, nitrile-chloroprene rubber, styrene-chloroprene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, alkylene oxide rubber, fluorine. Examples of such rubbers include silicone rubber, silicone rubber, urethane rubber, polysulfide rubber, and phosphabin rubber. Commercially available rubber sheets include natural rubber plates, insulating rubber plates, conductive rubber plates, oil resistant rubber plates (NBR, etc.), chloroprene rubber plates, butyl rubber plates, hypalon rubber plates, SBR rubber plates, silicon rubber plates, fluoro rubber plates. An acrylic rubber plate, an ethylene propylene rubber plate, a urethane rubber plate, an epichlorohydrin rubber plate, a flame retardant rubber plate, etc. can be obtained and used. Among these rubber materials, those satisfying the physical properties of the vibration-proof rubber having the physical properties described in JIS K6386 (1977) are particularly preferable. Especially static shear modulus 4-22kgf / cm², Preferably 5-10 kgf / cm²Further, those having an elongation of 250% or more are preferable.
[0051]
Examples of the metal plate include a stainless plate, an iron plate, a copper plate, an aluminum plate, and other various alloy plates. Further, the lid of the stirring rod can be used as it is as a metal plate.
[0052]
In the present invention, in addition to the use of the vibration absorbing member comprising the (a) rubber plate or (b) a laminate of the rubber plate and the metal plate, any vibration absorbing mechanism between the treatment tank and the installation portion thereof. It is preferable to attach. This vibration absorbing mechanism can be achieved by providing a rubber layer having a desired thickness above the mounting portion. As such a rubber material, it is preferable to use a rubber material that is used as a vibration absorbing material for earthquake-resistant structural buildings. Moreover, it can replace with a rubber layer depending on the case, a laminated leaf spring, a disc spring, etc. can also be used, and it can also use together with the said rubber layer.
[0053]
Further, the manner of attaching the vibration motor may be the method of FIG. 13 or the method of FIG.
[0054]
An example of an apparatus for producing a stable dispersion composed of water and oil of the present invention of the vibration agitation type equipped with this lateral shaking prevention mechanism is shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. An enlarged view is shown in FIG. In the figure, 36 is a spring, 46 is a treatment tank or a frame or a reinforcing member provided on the treatment tank, 47 is a support bar extending vertically below the basic vibration member or vibration transmitting member, and 48 is vertically extending above 46. It is a support bar. In the type shown in FIG. 13, the vibrating blade 8 is fixed directly to the vibrating rod 7 with the fixing member 10 for vibrating blades. In the type shown in FIG. 14, the vibrating rod 7 is divided into two parts on the way. The divided vibrating rods 34, 34 are spread over the vibrating blades 8, 8,..., And the vibrating blades 8, 8,.
[0055]
FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 show an example of an apparatus for producing a stable dispersion composed of water and oil of the present invention using rubber or a rubber / metal laminate as a lateral shaking prevention mechanism.
[0056]
According to the present invention, the treatment liquid can be flowed at a flow rate of 100 mm / second or more, preferably 200 mm / second, particularly preferably 250 mm / second or more. This flow velocity was measured using a three-dimensional electromagnetic current meter (trade name ACM300A manufactured by Alec Electronics Co., Ltd.).
[0057]
As the water-soluble alcohol, alcohols having substantially infinite solubility in water are particularly preferable. Specific examples thereof include monovalents such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, 1-propyl alcohol, and 2-propyl alcohol. Alcohol: Polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, isobutylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl Mention may be made of alcohol ethers such as ethers. Examples of other alcohols that are not infinitely soluble in water but are soluble in water include dl-1,2-butanediol, dl-1,3-butanediol, isopropyl alcohol, 1-butyl alcohol, 2- Examples include butyl alcohol. Higher alcohols can also be used in combination with the alcohols. Moreover, solvents other than alcohol can also be used. In particular, when the ratio of oils is high, there is no need to stick to the left to water solubility.
[0058]
The tourmaline is a general formula.
[Chemical 1]
XY₉B₃Si₆O₂₇(O or OH or F)₄
(Wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Na, K, and Mn, and Y is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Fe, Al, Cr, Mn, Ti, Li) At least one element)
Boron-containing cyclosilicate minerals listed on page 246 of “Chemical Dictionary 6” published by Kyoritsu Shuppan Co., Ltd. on February 15, 1987, and “Rock Minerals” published by Hoikusha Co., Ltd. on November 30, 1995 General formula on page 86
[Chemical 2]
XY₃Al₆(BO₃)₃(Si₆O₁₈) (OH)₄
(Wherein X is an element selected from the group consisting of Na and Ca, and Y is an element selected from the group consisting of Al, Fe, Li and Mg)
A boron-containing cyclosilicate mineral represented by₃Al₆B₃Si₆O₂₇(OH)₄], Drabite [NaMg₃Al₆B₃Si₆O₂₇(OH)₄] Elbite [NaLi₃Al₆B₃Si₆O₂₇(OH)₄], Thirasite, limestone clay tourmaline [CaMg₄Al₅B₃Si₆O₂₇(OH)₄] Lithia tourmaline [Na (Al, Fe, Li, Mg)₃B₃Al₃(Al₃Si₆O₂₇) (O, OH, F)₄〕and so on.
[0059]
The tourmaline is used in a state where it is suspended in a processing tank in a state of being placed in a basket made of, for example, a stainless steel wire mesh, and in contact with a processing solution. The smaller the tourmaline size is in the range that does not spill from the cage, the more convenient the contact area becomes. Although there is no restriction | limiting in the usage-amount, it is a temporary standard to use in the ratio of about 1-10% with respect to the total amount of water and oil.
[0060]
The combined use of alcohols and tourmaline can further reduce the amount of surfactant used.
[0061]
Examples of the oil in the present invention include petroleum oils, heavy oils, waste oils, kerosene, light oils, gasoline oils, animal oils, vegetable oils, oil-resin conjugates, long oil alkyd resins and short oil alkyds. Like resin, oil-modified resin is not oil in the present invention.
[0062]
In the present invention, fuel, which is a stable dispersion obtained by adding water to gasoline, light oil, kerosene or heavy oil, is less economical and has high combustion efficiency. It is a fuel that generates little and is very friendly to the global environment. In addition, waste oil and waste paint that were in trouble with processing, such as waste bilge waste oil deposited on the bottom of tankers and bottoms of gas tank storage tanks, should be used as sufficient fuel as a dispersion of water and oil according to the present invention. Can do.
[0063]
According to the present invention, waste oils such as machine oil, lubricating oil, and tempura oil can be made into a stable dispersion with water, and these also open the way as new fuels. In some cases, the present invention can be directly applied to a degreasing agent waste liquid, a waste oil emulsion for metal processing, an industrial cleaning waste liquid, and the like. Moreover, what added the other waste oil to these and applied this invention can be used as a fuel. Furthermore, the degreasing waste liquid of the plating process which contains surfactant instead of water can also be used. In this case, processing of the degreasing waste liquid and saving of the surfactant can be achieved at the same time.
[0064]
In the food field, various dispersions of edible oil and water-based components are used like mayonnaise and dressing. For that purpose, expensive homogenizers are used, but if the present invention is applied, it is more expensive than homogenizers. Mayonnaise and dressing that are more evenly distributed can be obtained.
[0065]
The surfactant used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but a surfactant having a good balance between the affinity for the oil to be used and the affinity for water is preferable. In general, sulfuric acid ester type and sulfonic acid type anionic surfactants, alkylene oxide nonionic surfactants, polyoxyalkylene alkylphenol nonionic surfactants and the like can be mentioned. When the oil is an edible oil, it is natural to select a surfactant that is harmless to the human body, such as a sorbitol fatty acid ester type or a polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid ester type. A polymer dispersant can also be used, and in particular, it can be used in combination with the surfactant. Examples of the polymer dispersant include natural polymers such as water-soluble starch and sodium lignin sulfonate, and synthetic polymers such as sodium salt of alkylnaphthalene sulfonate formalin condensate, sodium polyacrylate, and polyvinyl alcohol. .
[0066]
The amount of the surfactant used is 0.8% by weight or less, preferably 0.5% by weight or less, more preferably 0.3% by weight or less, generally 0.01 to 0.00%, based on the mixed system. It is used at 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.3% by weight.
[0067]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0068]
Example 1
  Figure15-17Shows the vibration stirring means and the treatment tank used in the examples of the present invention. Figure15These are sectional views of the apparatus used in Example 1 of the present invention,16The figure15FIG.17Is a top view. The vibration motor for driving the vibration stirring means is a three-phase, 200 V, 75 W high-frequency (150-180 Hz) vibration motor high frequency KHE-1-2T manufactured by Murakami Seisakusho Co., Ltd. A stainless steel container of × 450 × 500 (mm) was used. Figure of vibration agitator15-16As shown in FIG. 5, five vibrating blades (made of SUS304) are attached between two vibrating rods (made of SUS304), and the upper four vibrating blades are the most upward 15 ° from the horizontal direction. The lower vibration blade is attached 15 ° downward from the horizontal direction.
Used surfactant
    ・ Sodium alkyl ether sulfate ester
    ・ Fatty acid alkanolamide
    ・ Alkylamine oxide
    ・ Polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (main component)
    ・ Alkylbetaine
The product name “Family” manufactured by Kao Soap Co., Ltd., which is indicated as a cleaning agent of JIS K 3370 containing 40%, was used at a rate of 15 ml with respect to 5 liters of the treatment liquid.
  Vibration stirring condition: The vibration motor was vibrated at 180 Hz by an inverter.
[0069]
The emulsified state of each composition is as shown in the following table.
[Table 2]

Δ: Some separation was observed after 12 hours.
A: The emulsion was very good even after 7 days.
The gasoline used is JIS K 2201 (1980) No. 1.
[0070]
[Table 3]

Δ: Some separation was observed after 12 hours.
○: It was a good emulsion even after 7 days.
As kerosene, JIS K 2203 (1982) No. 2 was used.
[0071]
[Table 4]

Δ: Some separation was observed after 12 hours.
○: It was a good emulsion even after 7 days.
As heavy oil, JIS K 2205 (1980) Type 1 No. A heavy oil was used.
[0072]
Example 2
A combustion test was performed on a gasoline / water mixture, kerosene / water mixture, and A fuel oil / water mixture obtained by shaking and stirring for 60 minutes using the same amount of surfactant in the same manner as in Example 1. The following results were obtained.
[0073]
In the case of kerosene / water mixture and A heavy oil / water mixture, a boiler SI-2000 from Miura Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used for combustion. The boiler efficiency was 95.0%, the air ratio was 1.24%, the chimney diameter was 300 mm, and the chimney height was 6.0 m. Measurements of NOx and SOx in the waste gas were performed in accordance with JIS K-0103 and JIS K-0104.
In the case of a gasoline / water mixture, the combustion test was performed by putting the mixture in a fuel tank of a motorcycle and driving the engine. In addition, the measuring method of NOx generation amount and the measuring method of SOx generation amount were as follows.
Measurement method of NOx generation: Conforms to JIS K 0104
SOx generation amount measurement method: Conforms to JIS K 0103
[0074]
[Table 5]

[0075]
[Table 6]

[0076]
[Table 7]

[0077]
Example 3
In Example 1, as a mixture of water and oil,
(A) Water: Kerosene: Methanol = 3: 6: 1
(B) Water: kerosene: methanol = 4: 5: 1
Both are capacity ratios
Kerosene is JIS K 2203 (1982) No. 2.
Methanol is industrial methanol
Example 1 was repeated except that was used. In addition, the kind of surfactant and its usage-amount were also made the same.
When the stirring time was 30 minutes, when the product was collected in a 5-liter container and observed, both (A) and (B) showed a slight tendency to separate after 1 day. No separation occurred even after standing, and the whole was milky white and slightly increased in viscosity from the stock solution.
FIG. 23 shows a photomicrograph of the above (A) stirred for 60 minutes. For your reference
Water: kerosene = 4: 6
FIG. 24 shows a micrograph of the same operation as described above except that the mixture was stirred for 60 minutes. As can be seen from the figure, the emulsion of the present invention is often about 2 μm in diameter and very few in the range of 1 μm or less or 5 μm or more, so it is considered to exhibit long-term stability. By the way, when the particle size is 1 μm or less, aggregation tends to occur, and when the particle size is 5 μm or more, sedimentation or creaming is likely to occur. The result of performing a combustion test in the manner of Example 1 after stirring for 60 minutes is shown below.
[Table 8]

[0078]
Example 4
Using the apparatus of Example 1, a stainless steel wire cage (the cage mesh is 1 mm × 1 mm) with 5 liters of tourmaline ore (elbite) having an average diameter of 5 mm in the treatment tank is suspended, and the amount of surfactant used Example 1 was repeated except that was reduced by half.
As a result, the same result as in Example 1 was obtained.
[0079]
Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, instead of the three-phase, 200V, 75W high-frequency vibration motor high frequency KHE-1-2T, a three-phase, 200V, 75W low-frequency vibration motor (Kura-1-2B manufactured by Murakami Seiki Kogyo Co., Ltd.) Example 1 was repeated except that the mounting and vibration stirring conditions were vibrated at 40 Hz by an inverter. The layers having a stirring time of 60 minutes, 120 minutes, and 180 minutes were completely separated after 7 days. Examining the emulsion produced in this case, as shown in FIG. 25, there are many particles of 1 μm or less, while large particles of 10 μm or more occupy a considerable area of the field of view of the microscope and are suitable as an emulsion. There were very few particles around 2 μm in the range.
[0080]
【The invention's effect】
(1) According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a mixture and dispersion of water and oil with a very stable dispersion state, and the resulting mixture and dispersion are emulsified, dispersed particles are extremely small, and the particle size distribution is narrow. In this state, relatively uniform particles are dispersed.
(2) Even if the ratio of oil to water is low, it is very surprising to burn, and the energy obtained thereby is not inferior to the energy generated by a corresponding amount of oil.
(3) When NOx and SOx in the waste gas due to combustion were examined, the amount of NOx and SOx generated was significantly reduced as compared to when only oil was burned.
(4) Taking the above points together, the water / oil mixture obtained by the present invention is promising as a future low-pollution fuel.
(5) It opens the way to use as fuel such as waste oil at the bottom of tankers, waste oil at the bottom of gas station storage tanks, or oil-containing industrial waste containing a lot of moisture.
(6) When the alcohol is added, black smoke is greatly reduced during combustion.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 Water and oil according to the present inventionFuel consisting of a dispersion withIt is the front view which cut through a part of apparatus which manufactures.
FIG. 2 shows water and oil according to the present invention.Fuel consisting of a dispersion withIt is a top view which shows the state which attached the apparatus which manufactures to a processing tank.
3 is a treatment tank and water and oil along the line XX ′ in FIG. 2;Fuel consisting of a dispersion withFIG.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view when a rubber ring is used as vibration stress dispersing means in the device of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing another modified example in which a rubber ring is used as the vibration stress dispersing means in the device of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view when a metal wire bundle is used as vibration stress dispersing means in the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an end portion of a metal wire bundle.
8A is a plan view showing an example of the shape of a vibrating blade, and FIG. 8B is a plan view showing a modification example thereof.
FIG. 9A is a plan view showing an example of the shape of a vibrating blade, and FIG. 9B is a plan view showing a modified example thereof.
FIG. 10 is a graph that schematically shows the relationship between the length of a vibrating blade and the degree of bending.
FIG. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the lateral shaking prevention mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a vibration blade portion in which a synthetic resin sheet or a rubber sheet is interposed between the vibration blade and the vibration blade fixing member.
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing one specific example of the device of the present invention.
14 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the device of the present invention shown in FIG.
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing another modification of the device of the present invention.
16 is a side cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG.
17 is a top view of the apparatus of FIG.
18A and 18B are cross-sectional views showing various types of vibration absorbing members made of a metal plate / rubber plate laminate of the present invention, wherein FIG. 18A is a metal plate-rubber plate laminate, FIG. Is a metal plate-rubber plate-metal plate laminate, (c) is a metal plate-rubber plate-metal plate-rubber plate laminate, and (d) is a metal plate-rubber plate-metal plate-rubber plate. -It is sectional drawing of a metal plate laminated body.
FIGS. 19A and 19B are plan views of various types of vibration absorbing members made of the metal plate / rubber plate laminate of the present invention, wherein FIG. 19A is an example of a sealed type and FIG. 19B is an example of a semi-sealed type. (C) is a top view which shows an example of a non-sealing type.
20 is a partially cut perspective view showing a special case of the vibration absorbing member made of the metal plate / rubber plate laminate of the present invention. FIG.
FIG. 21 is a sectional view showing another modification of the device of the present invention.
22 is a side cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention shown in FIG. 21. FIG.
FIG. 23 is a photomicrograph of a mixture of water and oil obtained by treating the sample in Example 3 (A) for 1 hour according to the method of the present invention.
FIG. 24 is a photomicrograph of an emulsion obtained by stirring water and oil for 1 hour under the conditions of Example 3 except that water and kerosene were used at 4: 6.
25 is a photomicrograph of an emulsion obtained by stirring water and oil for 1 hour in Comparative Example 1. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
  1 treatment tank
  2 Vibration motor
  3 Spring as a vibration absorber
  4a Body mounting table
  4b Base plate
  5 Guide shaft
  6 Support stand
  7 Vibrating bar
  7 'auxiliary vibration bar
  8 Vibrating blades
  9 Fixing member for vibrating blade
  10 Vibration blade fixing member
  11 Connection (stress distribution means)
  12 nuts
  12 'nut
  13 Nut
  13 'nut
  14 nuts
  15 nuts
  16 Washer ring
  16 'washer ring
  17 Vibrating rod thread groove
  17 'Thread of auxiliary vibration rod
  18 Rubber ring
  18 'rubber ring
  19 Nut
  20 Connection ring
  21 Connection ring
  22 nuts
  23 Metal wire bundle
  24 metal wire
  25 Metal wire bundle cover
  26 Thread groove provided in the covering part of the metal wire bundle
  29 nuts
  30 Spacer
  31 Spherical cap
  33 Synthetic resin sheet or rubber sheet (cushion action)
  34 Dividing vibrator
  35 inverter
  36 Spring
  37 Vibration transmission member
  46. Treatment tank or gantry or reinforcement member provided on it
  47 Supporting bar extending vertically below the basic vibration member or the base or auxiliary member provided on it
  48 Support rod extending vertically above 46
  51 metal plate
  52 Rubber plate
  53 Laminate of metal plate and rubber plate
  54 Auxiliary plate
  55 Hole for passing vibration bar
  56 Hollow part
  57 nut
  58 volts
  59 Packing

Claims (4)

A desired vibration of 70 to 300 Hz is generated by the vibration motor by the inverter, and the vibration blade having the vibration rod in the treatment tank fixed in a single stage or multiple stages through the vibration stress distribution means is set to an amplitude of 0.01 to 10 is vibrated in .0Mm, water and oil in the treatment tank in the presence of a surfactant, the particle size of the produced water and oil emulsion exceeds the diameter 1 [mu] m, less than 5 [mu] m, the emulsion the emulsion over 7 days A method for producing an emulsion fuel, characterized in that the state can be maintained.   2. The method for producing a fuel comprising a dispersion of water and oil according to claim 1, wherein alcohols soluble in water coexist at a ratio of 20% by weight or less with respect to the total amount of water and oil.   The method for producing a fuel comprising a dispersion of water and oil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method is carried out in the presence of tourmaline.   The method for producing a fuel comprising a dispersion of water and oil according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the number of Hz controlled by the inverter is 140 to 180 Hz.

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