JP4521647B2 - Hazardous substance removal agent containing decaying fungi and their waste beds - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a harmful substance removing agent, a waste bed for removing harmful substances obtained by processing a waste bed of edible or medicinal bacteria, and a preservation method thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a species of white rot fungi that has been studied very well for the mechanism of its decomposition of harmful chemicals. In this species, it has been shown that dioxins, PCBs, DTT, and other persistent degradable chemicals can be decomposed, and it has been reported that high concentrations of pentachlorophenol can be decomposed in soil. . The white rot fungus decomposes the wood and feeds it, and has the ability to decompose the lignin that mainly constitutes the wood. Lignin is a very difficult-to-decompose chemical substance, and it is considered that this lignin-degrading mechanism is responsible for the ability of white-rot fungi to decompose hardly-decomposable harmful chemical substances.
Furthermore, it has been reported that edible fungi exist that are not in the soil, but there are bacterial species that decompose hardly decomposable harmful chemical substances. Many studies have been reported on Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and the mechanism of lignin degradation has been studied in detail. This mechanism is thought to be mainly due to peroxidase released outside the cells. (Appl. Environ. Microbiol., Vol. 65, No. 7, 2977-2986 (1999), Folia Microbiol. (Praha), Vol. 43, No. 1, 79-84 (1998), Appl. Environ Microbiol., Vol.59, No.3, pages 756-762 (1993)) As described above, white rot fungi are known to have the ability to decompose dioxins and other harmful chemicals. The ability to decompose harmful chemicals is not known for medicinal rot fungi, especially the rotiferaceae rot fungi, such as Ganoderma. Moreover, the ability of this waste bed to decompose harmful chemical substances is not known.
[0003]
One technique for removing persistent degradable hazardous chemicals from soil using microorganisms is bioremediation. Technology to treat in-situ, in-situ, harmful chemical substances such as organic chlorine compounds contained in soil, such as trichlorethylene, has been developed, but is still being experimentally implemented. A very large number of companies produce compost (mixed fertilizer) using microorganisms, and compost, which is a mixture of microorganisms, is used in the production of pesticide-free vegetables. These composts are said to be effective for soil improvement, and there are some mentions regarding the ability of these composts to remove harmful substances. Not reported.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Atrazine, a pesticide that is one of the harmful substances, is an environmental hormone that has become a problem in recent years, but it is still used as a pesticide. In order to clean up the environment, it is necessary to treat wastewater containing harmful substances, clean up contaminated soil, and remove harmful substances such as agricultural chemicals from the soil. Development of removal agent and removal method is required. However, the removal of persistent decomposable hazardous substances in soil is still being conducted on a trial basis. In addition, how to remove harmful substances varies greatly depending on the chemical substances to be removed, the treatment method, and the environment in which they are treated, and there are many persistent decomposable harmful substances that cannot be removed by the current technology. The present invention is intended to provide a harmful substance removing agent effective for removing a wide range of harmful substances, a waste microbial bed used therefor, and a method for storing the same.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides: 1. Toxic substance remover containing edible or medicinal rot fungi, 2. Hazardous substance removing agent including crushing waste bacteria bed of edible or medicinal bacteria having the ability to remove harmful substances. 3. Hazardous substance removal agent containing ganoderma or its waste fungus bed, 4. The harmful substance removing agent according to 1, 2, or 3, wherein the harmful substance is an agrochemical or an environmental hormone. 5. Waste bed for removing harmful substances obtained by crushing waste bed of edible or medicinal bacteria having ability to remove harmful substances, The present invention relates to a method for preserving a waste bed for removing toxic substances, wherein the crushed waste bed of edible or medicinal bacteria capable of removing harmful substances is stored at 10 ° C. or lower.
[0006]
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, a harmful substance removing agent useful for environmental purification, an edible or medicinal rot fungus used therein, in particular ganoderma or maitake, and a waste fungus bed thereof, a waste fungus bed for removing harmful substances, and a preservation method thereof . In addition, the treatment of the waste microbial bed of the present invention enables simple processing of the waste microbial bed at low cost, and a large amount of waste microbial bed can be treated. Furthermore, according to the method for preserving the waste microbial bed of the present invention, the processed waste microbial bed can be preserved without being contaminated by molds while maintaining its ability.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
Examples of the edible or medicinal rot fungi that can be used in the harmful substance removing agent of the present invention include rotifer mushroom rot fungi, and more specifically, Sarnococcidae or Mannentake rot fungi. In particular, white rot fungi belonging to the moss family, more specifically Ganoderuma Lucidum. Maitake also has a harmful substance removal ability and can be used as a harmful substance removal agent. By culturing this mushroom in a solution, powder or soil containing a harmful substance, the harmful substance can be removed. The amount of mycelium to be planted and the culture period can be appropriately set according to the target harmful substance, the medium containing it, and the like. The culture period can be variously selected such as 7 days, 15 days, and 30 days. In addition, harmful substances can be removed by adding shredded mushroom cells to a harmful substance-containing solution or the like.
The waste microbial bed used for the toxic substance removing agent may be an edible or medicinal bacterium having a toxic substance removing ability. It is possible to use a waste bed of decaying bacteria having the ability to remove harmful substances. Specific examples include white rot fungi and edible fungi that are used in the mushroom industry such as shiitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, hilotake, bunashimeji, maitake, and ganoderma. In particular, edible mushroom edible fungi, more specifically, Sarnococcidae edible fungi, or Amanita mushroom edible or medicinal fungi, and more specifically, Ganoderma or Maitake mushroom beds.
[0008]
A waste microbial bed can be obtained as follows.
A fungus bed for culturing the cells is prepared. A bag made of a synthetic resin sheet such as an airtight sheet, for example, a vinyl sheet or a polyethylene sheet, is filled with wood chips, for example sawdust. A commercially available bag for fungus beds can also be used. The shape and size of the bag that is a cultivation container can be freely set, and the size and shape of the cultivation container can be made constant by unifying the amount of sawdust filled in the bag. Since it can do, many cultivation containers can be arranged efficiently. As sawdust, those of beech, oak, konara and kunugi can be used. Hardwood sawdust such as oak, tochi, ume and cherry can also be used. Sawdust, soybean meal, water, corn bran, sugar, bran and the like can be added to the sawdust. For example, what added water, rice bran, bran, corn bran, and water to beech and oak sawdust can be used as the composition of the fungus bed.
[0009]
The fungus bed is sterilized and inoculated to generate mushrooms. The culture conditions are set to temperature and humidity conditions that are suitable for the cells to be cultured to have the ability to decompose harmful substances. Furthermore, the degree and duration of sunlight irradiation, oxygen supply conditions (blocking of outside air), etc. Select as appropriate. After harvesting the generated cells, a waste bed is obtained.
By crushing the waste bacteria bed, a crush waste waste bed for removing harmful substances can be obtained. Although crushing is performed by a crushing apparatus, a crushing machine used for crushing the fungus bed used for bag cultivation can be used. In this treatment method, a large amount of waste bacteria bed can be treated. The waste microbial bed has been discarded by incineration or the like, and can be reused for removing harmful substances by such treatment.
[0010]
Next, the crushed waste bacterial bed obtained in this way can be stored at 10 ° C. or less to prevent degradation of its harmful substance resolution during storage, and to be stored without causing mold growth. it can. The storage temperature is preferably 5 ° C. or lower, more preferably 4 ° C. or lower. The storage temperature can be set to 10 to 0 ° C, preferably 5 to 0 ° C, more preferably 4 to 0 ° C. The waste microbial bed obtained by the present invention has a wide range of harmful substance decomposing ability, and is preserved for a long period of time in a state in which the ability is prevented from being lowered and mold growth is prevented by the preservation method of the present invention. be able to.
[0011]
The harmful substances to be removed according to the present invention include a wide range. Examples of harmful substances include incinerated ash, harmful substances contained in wastewater, and harmful substances in contaminated soil. In particular, persistent decomposable substances that are problematic to remain can be decomposed, and agricultural chemicals, environmental hormones and the like can be removed. Hazardous chemical substances such as chlorobenzenes, chlorophenols aromatic organic chlorine compounds and organic chlorine compounds such as trichloroethylene, organic chlorinated pesticides such as γ-BHC, polycyclic aromatic compounds such as phenanthrene, and benzene, toluene, phenanthrene, etc. The non-chlorine-type aromatic compound can be mentioned. Specifically, dioxin, PCB, DTT, and the like, and pentachlorophenol, trichloroethylene, and atrazine in soil can be exemplified.
[0012]
In particular, residual pesticides in soil such as atrazine can be removed in-situ using the harmful substance removing agent of the present invention. According to the hazardous substance removing agent of the present invention and the hazardous substance removing method using the same, in particular, the hardly decomposable harmful substances in the soil can be effectively decomposed in situ, and they can be effectively removed. .
Further, in the removal of harmful substances, it can be used together with microorganisms capable of removing nitrogen and phosphorus, which are general organic pollutants.
[0013]
【Example】
Example 1. Test example of pesticidal degradation ability of edible fungi (Ganoderma) Ganoderuma Lucidum, a white rot fungus, was used as an edible fungus. 100 μl of atrazine solution (commercial herbicide Gezaprim <SUP> TM </ SUP> flowable, atrazine 40%) was applied to the surface of the PDA agar medium in the petri dish, and ganoderma was cultured on the applied surface. The culture period was 29 days, and the culture temperature was room temperature. A control was prepared by applying an atrazine solution to the surface of the medium and not cultivating ganoderma on the applied surface. Atrazine was measured by crushing the agar medium in which the experiment was conducted, adding 50 ml of dichloromethane and shaking for 7 days to extract atrazine, followed by concentration and solvent removal. The extracted atrazine was dissolved in a buffer solution, and the amount of residual atrazine was measured with an EnviroGard <SUP> TM </ SUP> Triazin Plate Kit (STRATEGIC DIAGNOSTICS INC.) Which is an atrazine test kit using an antibody.
[0014]
The results of evaluating the resolution of atrazine by Ganoderma on PDA agar are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the amount of atrazine in the medium in which Ganoderma was cultured was decreased, and it was confirmed that Ganoderma had the resolution of atrazine, an agrochemical.
[0015]
Example 2. Preparation of the waste fungus bed Water, rice bran, and corn bran were added to the sawdust and packed into a plastic sheet bag. After sterilization, mushrooms were generated after planting mycelium of Ganoderma and increasing mycelia. The waste mushroom bed was obtained by harvesting and removing the generated mushrooms from the fungus bed. A crushing machine (manufactured by Mori Seisakusho) was used for crushing the waste bacteria bed. As a work procedure, first, the crushing device was covered with a vinyl sheet so that the crushed material of the waste microbial bed was not scattered, and then the waste microbial bed was inserted from the inlet of the crushing device and crushed. The lump of the waste bed before crushing could be broken into very fine fragments.
[0016]
Example 3 Storage test of waste bacterial bed The waste bacterial bed prepared in Example 2 was stored at room temperature and 4 ° C., and its properties were observed.
When the waste microbial bed was stored at room temperature, other molds propagated within a few days and were difficult to store. On the other hand, when stored at 4 ° C., it was possible to store for a long period (2 months) without the molds growing. And almost no decrease is observed in its ability to remove harmful substances.
[0017]
Example 4 Pesticide Decomposition Ability Test of Waste Bacteria Bed Using the waste fungus bed prepared in Example 2 above, its agrochemical decomposition ability was confirmed. The crushed waste bed was mixed in an aqueous solution containing atrazine, a pesticide, and its ability to decompose the pesticide was confirmed. 10 g of crushed waste bacterial bed or 10 g of sterilized waste bacterial bed crushed in 30 ml of atrazine solution [distilled water 30 ml + atrazine solution (commercial herbicide <sup> TM </ SUP> flowable, atrazine 40%) 100 [mu] l] The mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 45 days, and the concentration of atrazine in the solution was measured using the antibody-based atrazine test kit.
The result is shown in FIG. As apparent from FIG. 2, the concentration of atrazine in the solution was reduced in the waste bacterial bed crushed material compared to the sterilized waste bacterial bed crushed material. From this, it was confirmed that the waste bacterial bed crushed material has an agrochemical resolution.
[0018]
Example 5. Pesticide removal test on soil from waste fungus bed Using the waste fungus bed prepared in Example 2 above, experiments on pesticide removal in actual soil were carried out to confirm the ability of the waste fungus bed to remove pesticides. The experiment divided four sites of 18m <SUP> 2 </ SUP> fallow fields, divided into soil with waste bed and control soil without waste bed, and each with atrazine, a pesticide. Divided into two categories: sprayed [Gezaplim <SUP> TM </ SUP> flowable (atrazine 60%) diluted 500-fold and sprayed with 200 ml per 10R] and non-sprayed for 49 days. Tested. The amount of atrazine remaining in the soil was measured by the following method. First, 100 g of the soil of the section was added to 100 ml of dichloromethane and shaken for 7 days to extract atrazine, followed by concentration and solvent removal. The extracted atrazine was dissolved in a buffer solution, and the atrazine concentration was measured with the antibody-based atrazine test kit.
The measurement results are shown in FIG. Although atrazine was detected even in the soil not sprayed with atrazine, it was thought that it was scattered when sprayed, or the soil was sprayed after spraying, or remained in the applied soil. (FIG. 3A) The amount of residual atrazine measured was decreased in the section where the waste bacterial bed crushed material was added to the soil, compared to the control section. In addition, the amount of atrazine in the soil was reduced to about 1/10 compared with the control in the section where atrazine was sprayed. (FIG. 3B) From this, it was confirmed that the atrazine in the soil could be decomposed by the waste bacterial bed crushed material.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a harmful substance removing agent capable of removing a wide range of harmful substances useful for environmental purification is provided, and a crushing waste bacterial bed for removing harmful substances and a storage method thereof are provided. In addition, the waste bacteria bed crushing method enables simple processing of the waste bacteria bed at a low cost, can process a large amount of waste bacteria bed, and can efficiently obtain a waste bacteria bed for removing harmful substances. . Furthermore, according to the method for preserving a waste microbial bed of the present invention, the processed waste microbial bed can be preserved for a long time without being contaminated by molds while maintaining its ability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the results of an atrazine degradation test in PDA medium using ganoderma.
FIG. 2 is a result of an atrazine degradation test using a waste fungus bed of ganoderma.
FIG. 3 is a result of an atrazine degradation test using a waste fungus bed of ganoderma in soil.

Claims (5)

 Atrazine degradation remover containing white rot fungus Ganoderuma Lucidum. An agent for degrading and removing atrazine, including a waste bed of white rot fungus Ganoderuma Lucidum. An atrazine degradation remover consisting of Ganoderuma Lucidum, a white-rot fungus. An atrazine degrading and removing agent consisting of a fungus bed crush waste bed of Ganoderuma Lucidum, a white-rot fungus. A decomposition and removal agent for atrazine in soil, which consists of waste crushing waste beds of Ganoderuma Lucidum, a white rot fungus.

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