JP4497104B2 - Electronic keyboard instrument - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electronic keyboard instrument that realizes a polyphonic aftertouch technique.

Depending on the electronic keyboard instrument, the player presses the key to start sounding, and then presses the key more strongly, so that the characteristics (volume and sound) Some sound quality can be changed. Such a playing technique is generally called an aftertouch playing technique.
As an electronic keyboard instrument capable of aftertouch performance, conventionally, when a key is pressed, the key reaches the analog sensor, and when pressed further, pressing information is output from this analog sensor, and sound is generated based on that information. There is known an electronic keyboard instrument that controls a musical tone (see “after-sensor unit 50” in Patent Document 1).

However, since the analog sensor described above detects a continuous amount, a drive circuit such as an analog scan circuit, an amplifier, and an A / D conversion circuit is required, so that the configuration becomes large.
Therefore, even an electronic keyboard instrument that can perform after-touch performance uses a common sensor (common sensor) for all keys and cannot perform independent after-touch performance (polyphonic after-touch performance) for each key. Was common.

As a conventional electronic musical instrument keyboard, there is known a keyboard that uses a plurality of on / off sensors for each key and realizes functions other than key press detection and initial touch (key press speed) detection (see Patent Document 2). ). However, the on / off sensor was not used for the polyphonic aftertouch method.
In addition, it has been suggested that n on / off sensors are used for each key to detect after-touch in addition to key-press detection and initial touch (key-press speed) detection (see Patent Document 3). . However, there is no mention of how to detect after-touch and how to perform after-touch control.
The amount of depression can be determined by detecting the on timing of n on / off sensors that sequentially shift the timing of turning on according to the key depression. Therefore, if a different tone control parameter value is set according to the amount of depression, a polyphonic aftertouch performance method is realized. However, it is difficult to provide a large number of on / off sensors in a limited space of the keyboard because the structure becomes complicated.
JP-A-4-146495 JP-A-57-104994 JP 2003-223169 A

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an electronic keyboard instrument that can realize an aftertouch performance method (polyphonic aftertouch performance method) independent of each key with a simple keyboard configuration. It is the purpose.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic keyboard comprising a plurality of keys swingably held with respect to the support member and a key pressing operation detecting means for detecting a key pressing operation of each key. In the musical instrument, the key pressing operation detecting means has three on / off switches that are sequentially turned on in accordance with the depression amount corresponding to each key, and is first turned on in accordance with the depression amount. a second switch which is turned on the switch and the next, used as the detection to Rousset capacitors the initials touch in addition to the start of the key depression, the third switch last turned on in response to the depressed amount, It is intended to be used as one-off sensor for detecting a further depressing operation after the start of the keystroke, and the members constituting the movable portion of the first switch and the second switch, the third switch Configure moving parts The members, which are continuously formed at least on each key, when the first switch and the second switch corresponding to each key has detected the start of the key depression, the respective key The sound source is controlled so that the sound generation corresponding to the sound is started, and when the third switch corresponding to each key detects a further pressing operation after the key pressing operation is started, it corresponds to each key. And a musical tone control means for controlling the sound source so that the characteristic of the musical tone after the start of sound generation is changed.
Therefore, the conventional keyboard apparatus has only one on / off sensor (third switch) for detecting a further pressing operation after starting the key pressing operation corresponding to each key, and the musical sound corresponding to each key can be obtained. The sound source can be controlled so that the characteristic after the start of sound generation changes.
Since the on / off sensor has the simplest structure as a sensor, it is not a complicated structure like a conventional analog sensor and does not require a large drive circuit.
Since the constituent members of the movable part are continuously formed, the sensor can be manufactured at low cost. In addition to continuously forming each key, in addition, sensors can be continuously formed for a plurality of keys.
By using an inexpensive on / off switch, it is possible to detect the start of the key pressing operation, the initial touch, and the after touch.
Originally, an electronic keyboard instrument having a keyboard structure having three on / off switches can perform polyphonic aftertouch control only by changing a control program without producing a new keyboard. With the selection switch, polyphonic aftertouch control can be easily switched by changing a part of the program.

Sensor to detect the start of the push key operation, Ru mere on-off switch der. The sensor switch structure is not limited to one make (one circuit), and may be a composite sensor having two or more makes (two circuits).
In addition to the sensor for detecting the start of the key pressing operation described above, by providing a pre-sensor such as a stroke sensor (21, 22 in FIG. 5 of Patent Document 1) that outputs a signal corresponding to the key pressing stroke, Normally, the musical tone may be controlled by information before key-on.
It should be noted that the period after the start of tone generation corresponding to each key is changed until the above-described one on / off sensor (third switch) does not detect further pressing operation after the key pressing operation is started. To do. Alternatively, until at least one sensor ( first switch and second switch ) that detects the start of the key pressing operation described above detects a key release operation, or the musical sound corresponding to each key is muted. It can also be up to.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the electronic keyboard instrument according to the first aspect, a lower limit stopper is provided, and each key is pressed down to a depth at which the second switch generates an ON signal. When this occurs, the first abutment with each key increases the pressing force required to press each key .
Further, in the electronic keyboard instrument according to claim 1, when the one on / off sensor (third switch) corresponding to each key detects a further pressing operation after the key pressing operation is started, It is possible to control the sound source so that the characteristics of the corresponding musical sound after the start of sound generation are changed according to the musical sound currently being generated .
Accordingly, it is possible to variously change the characteristics after the start of the tone generation according to the performance form.
As a specific method for responding to the sound that is currently being sounded, the pronunciation pattern of the sound that is currently sounding (the combination of the sound being sounded) is detected and responded to it, or the sound that is currently sounding What is necessary is just to detect and respond to the number of pronunciations of a certain musical sound (number of simultaneous pronunciations).
In particular, when a musical sound that is in the sound generation period from key depression to key release is a musical sound that is sounding, the former corresponds to a key depression pattern (a combination of key depressions) of the key currently being depressed. The latter corresponds to the number of keys currently being pressed.
That is, in the third aspect of the invention, in the electronic keyboard instrument according to the first or second aspect, the musical tone control means may be configured so that the third switch corresponding to each key further starts after the key pressing operation is started. When the depression operation is detected, the sound source is controlled so that the characteristic after the start of the tone generation corresponding to each key is changed according to the key depression combination of the key currently being depressed. It is.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the electronic keyboard instrument according to the first or second aspect, the musical tone control means is configured such that the third switch corresponding to each key further presses down after the key pressing operation starts. When the sound is detected, the sound source is controlled so that the characteristic after the start of sound generation corresponding to each key is changed according to the number of keys currently being pressed.
It should be noted that the time point for responding to a musical sound that is currently being sounded is any time as long as the characteristics of the musical sound corresponding to each key after the start of sounding are changed. Alternatively, it may be performed only once when the above-described one on / off sensor (third switch) detects a further pressing operation after the key pressing operation is started.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the electronic keyboard instrument according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the musical tone control means is configured such that the third switch corresponding to each key has a key depression operation. When the further pressing operation after the start is detected, the sound source is controlled so that the characteristic after the start of the sound generation corresponding to each key is changed according to the tone set for the music. .
Therefore, the characteristics that are changed after the start of tone generation corresponding to each key can be made suitable for the timbre. One or more types of musical tone control parameters corresponding to one or more types of characteristics may be changed according to the tone color, or the value of the musical tone control parameter may be changed according to the tone color and set as a sound source. it can.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the electronic keyboard instrument according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the musical tone control means is configured such that the third switch corresponding to each key has a key depression operation. When the further pressing operation after the start is detected, the sound source is controlled so that the characteristic after the start of the sound generation corresponding to each key is changed according to the user setting.
Therefore, editing can be performed as if the user thought that the characteristics of the musical sound corresponding to each key after the start of sound generation are appropriate for the musical sound or tone color that is currently being generated.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the electronic keyboard instrument according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, the musical tone control means is configured such that the third switch corresponding to each key has a key depression operation. When a further pressing operation after the start is detected, by changing the value of a predetermined musical sound control parameter after calculation of the musical sound corresponding to each key using a calculation and / or a table, and setting it to the sound source The characteristics of the musical sound corresponding to each key after the start of sound generation are changed.
Accordingly, it is possible to easily change the value of a predetermined musical sound control parameter after the start of sound generation corresponding to each key by using the calculation and / or the table.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the electronic keyboard instrument according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, the musical tone control means is configured such that the third switch corresponding to each key has a key depression operation. When a further pressing operation after the start is detected, the value of a predetermined musical sound control parameter after the start of the sound generation of the musical sound corresponding to each key is changed according to each key and set to the sound source, The characteristics of the musical sound corresponding to the key after the start of pronunciation are changed according to each key.
Therefore, the value of a predetermined musical sound control parameter can be changed in accordance with each key after the musical sound that has started to be generated corresponding to each key is started.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the electronic keyboard instrument according to the eighth aspect, the musical tone control means detects the further depression operation after the third switch corresponding to each key starts the key depression operation. When the tone generation corresponding to each key is started, the value of a predetermined tone control parameter is changed by multiplying a value common to each key by a weighting factor corresponding to each key, and This is set for the sound source.
Therefore, the effect on the polyphonic aftertouch performance can be easily set by dividing the setting into common settings for all keys and the settings corresponding to the keys. The weighting factor corresponding to each key can be arbitrarily set for each key, or may be multiplied by a weighting factor having a characteristic that changes monotonously corresponding to the key.

  With the above-described configuration, the present invention has an effect that an aftertouch performance method (polyphonic aftertouch performance method) independent of each key can be realized with a simple keyboard configuration.

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a keyboard used in the first embodiment of the present invention. The substrate and sensor unit have a cross-sectional structure.
In the figure, reference numerals 1a, 1b, and 1c are all part of the keyboard frame 1, and a slit 1d is provided on a vertical surface connecting the keyboard frames 1b and 1c, and a stopper piece 3b of each key 3 is provided here. The lower end of the is inserted.
Reference numeral 2 denotes a bearing portion that is integrated with or fixed to the keyboard frame 1a, and supports the key 3 about the support shaft 4 as a rotation center.
The main body 3a of the key 3 has, for example, a box shape that opens downward, and first to third actuators 3e ₁ , 3e ₂ , 3e ₃ hang from the ceiling surface.

  In the main body 3a, the performer pushes down the upper surface far from the support shaft 4. The stopper piece 3b is provided in the lower part. The key 3 is swingably held with respect to the bearing portion 2 as a support member, and the main body portion 3a is substantially horizontal when not pressed by a spring, a hammer weight or the like (not shown). The stopper piece 3b is constricted. The lower part of the constriction enters the slit 1d, and when the key is not depressed, the upper limit stopper contact portion 3c contacts the lower surface of the keyboard frame 1b.

On the other hand, when the main body portion 3 a is strongly pressed down when the key is pressed, the lower limit stopper contact portion 3 d contacts the upper surface of the stopper 9. The stopper 9 is a felt or an elastic body, and is fixed to the upper right surface of the frame substrate 1b. The stopper 9 is used to give a large pressing force against the reaction against the pressing in order to make the player feel the polyphonic aftertouch performance in addition to absorbing the impact when the main body 3a is pressed down.
However, the stopper 9 is not essential. The lower limit stopper contact portion 3d may contact the keyboard frame 1b.

A printed circuit board 5 is attached between the keyboard frames 1a and 1b with a plurality of screws 6, and a flexible unit 7 is fitted on this upper surface and fixed by screwing or the like.
The printed circuit board 5 and the flexible unit 7 constitute on / off sensors (on / off switches) 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ , and 8 ₃ that detect a key pressing operation of each key.
The flexible unit 7 is formed by continuously forming members that constitute the movable parts of the on / off sensors 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ , and 8 ₃ . Each of the on / off sensors 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ , and 8 ₃ has the same dome shape, but the timing until the on / off switch is turned on after the key 3 is pressed is shifted.

The internal structure by reference numeral only for the first on-off sensor ₈₁ will be described.
The flexible unit 7 has a base portion 7 a in contact with the printed circuit board 5. A skirt portion 7b that is flexible and has elastic restoring force rises from the base portion 7a, and a cylindrical portion 7c is provided on the center of the dome. Inside the skirt portion 7b, an inner dome protrudes downward from the cylindrical portion 7c, and a movable contact 7e is provided at the tip thereof. A pair of fixed contacts (not shown) are formed on the upper surface of the printed circuit board 5 facing the movable contact 7e.
When the player is going to pressing the body portion 3a, the cylindrical portion 7c is pushed by the actuator 3e _1, when depressed to a certain depth, the pair of fixed contacts (not shown) by the movable contact 7e is conducted, Switch on.

In the illustrated example, the distance between the movable contact 7e of each of the on / off sensors 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ , and 8 ₃ and the fixed contact on the printed circuit board 5 is sequentially changed, and the distance at the first on / off sensor 8 ₁ is the largest. short interval in the third on-off sensor 8 ₃ longest. Accordingly, as the main body 3a is pushed down, the on-off sensors 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ , and 8 ₃ are switched on from left to right in this order.
The key 3 in the illustrated example is a white key, but an actuator and an on / off sensor having substantially the same configuration are provided for the black key.

The detection of the start of the key pressing operation is realized by detecting the on of the _first on / off sensor 81. The musical tone control unit of the electronic keyboard instrument determines the pitch of the musical tone to start sounding corresponding to the key. Tone control unit, the first on-off sensor ₈₁ is then turned on, since the second on-off sensor ₈₂ counts the time until turned on, to detect the initials touch (depressing velocity). The musical sound control unit causes the internal sound source of the electronic keyboard instrument to start generating a musical sound whose volume is controlled at the start of sound generation in response to the initial touch.
When a drum timbre is designated, the type of rhythm instrument is assigned corresponding to the key, and by pressing the key, the musical tone of the rhythm instrument corresponding to the key is sounded at a volume corresponding to the initial touch.

In this embodiment, the design is not determined to be a polyphonic aftertouch performance method with a normal depression amount (depth) (n = 0 in the flowchart of FIG. 2). When the performer performs a further depressing operation after the start of the key pressing operation, that is, when the player consciously increases the pressing force after the start of sound generation, the performer determines that the polyphonic aftertouch performance has been performed.
That is, the first on / off sensor 8 ₁ and the second on / off sensor 8 ₂ that are turned on first and next in accordance with the depression amount are sensors that detect the start and initial touch of the key depression operation, and in accordance with the depression amount. Finally using a third on-off sensor 8 ₃ which is turned on as a single on-off sensor for detecting a further depressing operation after the start of key depression, it detects that the polyphonic after-touch performance style has been made.
In accordance with the polyphonic aftertouch performance method, as will be described later with reference to FIG. 2, polyphonic aftertouch control is performed at least during a period in which the _third on / off sensor 83 is on.

As already explained, in order to make the player's fingers clearly recognize that the polyphonic aftertouch technique has been performed, the pressing force required for pressing down is increased compared to the pressing operation after detecting the start of the key pressing operation. A stopper 9 is provided.
Therefore, when the second on-off sensor _82, the main body 3a to a depth d ₁ to obtain a contact pressure needed to generate the actual ON signal through transient period caused chattering is pressed, the lower limit stopper The abutting portion 3d may be designed so as to abut against the stopper 9 for the first time.
Main body 3a second on-off sensor ₈₂ by pressing of, for obtaining a contact pressure necessary to generate the actual on-signal from when the first time on the require depression of about 0.5 mm.
By pressing subsequent of the body portion 3a, in obtaining a contact pressure necessary for the third on-off sensor 8 ₃ actually generates an on signal, the lower limit stopper contact portion 3d further addition, d ₂ by depressing To be. Accordingly, the lower limit stopper abutting portion 3d has a structure capable of moving at _least (d ₁ + d ₂ ).

  The musical tone control unit of the electronic keyboard instrument detects that the polyphonic aftertouch technique has been performed, and executes polyphonic aftertouch control. That is, the internal sound source is controlled so that the characteristics of the musical sound that has started to be generated corresponding to each key change the characteristics of the musical sound that has been sounded after the start of sound generation. The specific contents of the control will be described after the description of the key pressing operation detecting operation with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart conceptually illustrating an operation for detecting an initial touch and an after touch and controlling a musical tone using the keyboard structure shown in FIG. It is assumed that chattering does not occur in the output of the on / off sensor.
This is realized by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) built in the electronic keyboard instrument executing a musical tone control program and instructing the built-in sound generator to generate sound. When an external sound source connected to an electronic keyboard instrument is used and this external sound source is controlled, a musical tone control signal such as MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is output to the external sound source.
The processing of this flowchart is activated and executed for each key when processing for detecting key operation on each key is started.

In S11, the first on-off sensor 8 ₁ advances the process to S12 if turned on, in S12, the second on-off sensor ₈₂ detects the key depression, the process proceeds to S13 if the on (note-on) In S13, with the initial touch (Vel value), the tone generator unit starts to generate a pitch corresponding to the key name (note number) of the key 3, and the process proceeds to S14.
A time difference from when the _first on / off sensor 8 ₁ is turned on to when the second on / off sensor 8 ₂ is turned on is counted by another program (not shown). The key pressing speed Vel is detected according to the time difference. The sound source unit starts sound generation after selecting the volume level and sound source waveform of the musical sound to be generated according to the key pressing speed Vel.

In S14, it determines a third on-off sensor 8 ₃ whether turned on, i.e., whether the polypeptide after-touch performance style has been made.
If it is turned on, the process proceeds to S15, and “poly after touch on” information indicating that the poly after touch performance has been performed is supplied to a musical tone control program (not shown), and the process proceeds to S16.
If the player has pressed the plurality of keys 3 at the same time, the musical tone control program described above, the third on-off sensor 8 _third plurality of the keys 3, will enter the "poly after touch-on" information .

It determines in S16, whether the third on-off sensor 8 ₃ of the key 3 this flowchart is processed is turned off, i.e., whether the polypeptide after-touch performance style is no longer made.
If not, the process proceeds to S17, and “poly after touch-off” information indicating that the poly after touch performance method is no longer performed is supplied to the above-described musical tone control program, and the process proceeds to S18.
In S18, if the second on / off sensor 8 ₂ is turned off, the process proceeds to S19, and if the first on / off sensor 8 ₁ is turned off, the process proceeds to S20. Instruct.
During this time, the second on-off sensor ₈₂ is turned on in S18, or if the first on-off sensor ₈₁ is turned on in S19, the process returns to S14, again, the third on-off determination step of on-off sensor 8 ₃ Return to.

In the flowchart of FIG. 2, the musical sound control unit (musical sound control program) is from the time point when the “polyafter touch-on” information is input to the time point when the polyafter touch performance is not performed, that is, the third on / off sensor 8. _{In the} period in which ₃ is on, the polyphonic aftertouch control is performed on the characteristics of the musical sound corresponding to each key 3 that is started to be sounded by pressing each key 3 after the sound is started. Thereafter, the musical tone control unit (musical tone control program) performs normal sound generation control without performing polyphonic aftertouch control.
Instead, the musical tone control unit (musical sound control program) determines that the “second on / off sensor 8 _{2 of} each key 3 is turned off from the time when the _third on / off sensor 83 of each key 3 is turned on. time points, or, when "the first on-off sensor ₈₁ is turned off, i.e., key-release in the period until (note-off) is detected, the characteristics after the start sound of the musical tone corresponding to the key 3 May be polyphonic aftertouch controlled. In this case, the third on-off sensor 8 ₃ key 3 Whether or not turned off, it is not necessary to particularly determine.
Alternatively, tone control section (musical tone control program) from the time the third on-off sensor 8 ₃ of the key 3 is turned on, until the tone is muted through key release and release period, corresponding to the keys 3 You may control the characteristic after the start of the pronunciation of the music to be performed. Again, the third on-off sensor 8 ₃ key 3 Whether or not turned off, it is not necessary to particularly determine.

Examples of the types of characteristics after the start of sound generation of the musical sound to be controlled by the musical sound control unit include volume, sound quality, pitch, and modulation (vibrato, tremolo, etc.). Only one type may be controlled, or a plurality of types may be controlled simultaneously.
By further pressing down after the key pressing operation starts, the volume is increased, the sound quality is increased by changing the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter, or the pitch is higher than the reference pitch corresponding to the pitch (or Lower) or vibrato.

The tone control unit can control the sound source so that the characteristics after the start of the tone generation corresponding to each key are changed according to the tone color set for the tone.
Even if the type of one or more musical tone control parameters is changed for each tone or the type of musical tone control parameter is not changed, the value (polyphonic aftertouch value) of a predetermined musical tone control parameter is changed according to the tone. Set as a sound source.
The musical tone control unit can change the value of a predetermined musical tone control parameter using a calculation and / or a table and set it as a sound source after the start of the musical tone generation corresponding to each key.
The musical tone control unit can change the value of a predetermined musical tone control parameter in accordance with each key and set it to the sound source after the start of the sound generation of the musical tone corresponding to each key.
As a result, it is possible to independently change the degree of response to the polyphonic aftertouch performance method and the effectiveness, according to the key.

Further, the electronic keyboard instrument is set to the edit mode, and the characteristics after the start of the sound generation corresponding to each key can be set so that the user thinks that the sound is appropriate for the tone color and each key. For example, when using the calculation, the value of the calculation coefficient parameter or the like is released to the user.
In this way, it is possible to control the sound source so that the characteristics after the start of the tone generation corresponding to each key are changed according to the user setting.

However, in the above-described embodiment, the amount of control cannot be changed according to the amount of depression as in the case of using a conventional analog sensor, so there is a sense of incompatibility compared with the effect of the conventional aftertouch performance method.
Therefore, in an electronic keyboard instrument in which a musical sound corresponding to each pressed key is simultaneously generated when a plurality of keys are pressed at the same time, the musical sound control unit has a characteristic after the start of sound generation corresponding to each key. The sound source may be controlled so as to be changed according to the musical sound that is currently being generated.

In order to respond to a musical sound that is currently being generated, it is only necessary to detect a sound generation pattern (combination of musical sounds that are being generated) of a musical sound that is currently being generated and acquire a polyphonic aftertouch value accordingly.
In particular, if a musical tone in the period from key depression to key release is a musical tone that is being produced, the above-described musical tone sounding pattern is the key depression pattern of the key that is being depressed. Combination).

Alternatively, in order to respond to a tone that is currently being sounded, the number of sounds that are currently sounding (number of simultaneous sounds) may be detected, and a polyphonic aftertouch value may be acquired accordingly. . Polyphonic aftertouch control can be simplified.
If the musical sound in the sounding period from key depression to key release is a musical sound that is being sounded, the number of sounding sounds that are being sounded as described above is equal to the number of keys currently being depressed (simultaneously). The number of tendons).

When a further press-down operation after the start of a key press operation is detected, the sound after the start of sound generation corresponding to each key corresponds to the sound currently being sounded. During the period when the later characteristics are changed, even if the tone being played (the combination of notes being played, the number of simultaneous notes) changes, the tone that is currently being played will always be accepted. To.
Or you may make it respond | correspond only to the musical sound currently sounding at the time of detecting the further pressing operation after the above-mentioned key pressing operation start.

Hereinafter, a specific example will be described.
The polyphonic aftertouch value may be expressed as a ratio of 1 when polyphonic aftertouch control is not performed, or may take a predetermined value when polyphonic aftertouch control is not performed.
The polyphonic aftertouch value PAT is controlled according to the simultaneous sound number n.
The polyphonic aftertouch value PAT is determined as follows.
PAT ＝ f （n） ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ (1)
As a specific example of the function f (n), A and B are determined as positive constants,
f (n) = A × (B + n−1) / B (2)
In this case, A becomes n when n = 1, and the aftertouch sensitivity increases in proportion to n.

When controlling the depth (depth) of a musical tone vibrato, the pitch is modulated by multiplying the pitch frequency of the pitch specified corresponding to the key by f (n).
In equation (2), A = 1 and B = 100. When n = 4, f (n) = 1.03≈2 ^1/24 , and the pitch frequency of the pitch is changed by about ± 50 cents (a semitone is 100 cents). Therefore, even if n> 4, Equation (2) is applied on condition that n = 4. The fluctuation cycle of vibrato is set to 3 Hz (fixed value), for example.

As a specific example of function f (n), let A and B be positive constants.
f (n) = A × B / (B + n−1) (3)
In this case, A becomes n when n = 1, and the sensitivity of aftertouch decreases as n increases.
When controlling the volume of a musical sound, if A = 1 and B = 9, the volume of a musical sound that is generated in response to each key depression decreases as the simultaneous sound number n increases. In this example, the overall volume is considered not to be too high.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a plurality of specific examples of the table used for obtaining the polyphonic aftertouch value PAT.
The table may be stored in a ROM (including a flash ROM) or a hard magnetic disk device, or may be included in a processing program.
Instead of the above-described equations (1) to (3), a table as shown in FIG. 3A can be created in advance, and the PAT value can be obtained by specifying the n value and referring to the table.

FIG. 3B is an example of a table in the case where the sound generation pattern (combination of sound being generated) of a sound being generated is a chord code. It is detected that musical tones corresponding to a plurality of pitches corresponding to chord constituent sounds are being simultaneously generated, and each PAT value is obtained according to the detected chord code.
For example, according to a chord code, the sound source waveform can be used for controlling a cutoff frequency when being output through a low-pass filter. For example, the tone quality is made darker for a minor chord chord than for a major chord chord.

In the above formulas (1) to (3), the calculation coefficients A and B are set to the same common value regardless of the key pressed.
On the other hand, by changing the calculation coefficients A and B according to the keys, the value of the musical tone control parameter is changed according to each key and set to the sound source, thereby generating the tone of the musical tone corresponding to each key. The characteristics after the start may be changed.
If the table shown in FIG. 3C corresponding to the key pressed is used, the values of the calculation coefficients A and B are (a ₁ , b ₁ ), (a ₂ , b ₂ ) for each key pressed. , ... and so on.
As a result, even if the number of simultaneous sounds n is the same, the PAT can be adjusted for each key (key name column shown) pressed by the polyphonic aftertouch performance method. The values can be adjusted for all the arithmetic coefficients included in the arithmetic expression to be employed, not limited to the arithmetic expressions of Expression (1) to Expression (3) described above.

FIG. 3D shows that the function f (n) described above simply sets the sensitivity for each key pressed even when the function f (n) takes the same common value regardless of the key pressed. It is a table used for this purpose.
The polyphonic sensitivity PS (key) is a weighting coefficient ps _{1 to} ps ₈₈ that is arbitrarily set according to the key from which the polyphonic aftertouch performance is detected.
The common sensitivity CS is a weighting coefficient for which the same value is set in common for all keys.
The key scaling KS (key) sets the values of the weighting coefficients ks _{1 to} ks ₈₈ corresponding to each key, the value of which increases monotonously or monotonously decreases as the pitch of the key increases. Note that the key scaling weighting coefficient KS can be given as a function of the note number corresponding to the key name without using a table.

When the above-described weighting coefficient is taken into consideration, the arithmetic expression of Expression (1) is replaced with the following arithmetic expression.
PAT (key) = f (n) x ps (key) x cs x ks (key) (4)
To make it simple, one or two of PS (key), CS, and KS (key) may be omitted.
The above-described arithmetic expression f (n), arithmetic coefficients therein, weighting coefficients PS (key), CS, and SC (key) are prepared according to the musical tone control parameters to be controlled and stored in the storage device. .
Even when the above-described function f (n) takes a different value for each key pressed, the weighting coefficient may be multiplied in the same manner using the table shown in FIG.

In addition, the tone control parameter to be polyphonic aftertouch controlled is selected according to the tone color (instrument tone color) generated by the sound source unit, and the above-described calculation for the selected tone control parameter according to the tone color (instrument tone color). It is also possible to set a formula, a calculation coefficient, and a weighting coefficient so as to perform a kind of control suitable for a timbre (instrument timbre).
The tone control parameter designation information, the calculation formula, the calculation coefficient table, and the weighting coefficient table subjected to polyphonic after touch control may be stored in a storage area (tone color memory) corresponding to each tone color. The electronic keyboard instrument may be set to the edit mode so that the user can edit these items stored in the storage area.

When the performer selects a timbre, the timbre control parameter designation information and calculation to be controlled when reading the timbre control parameter corresponding to each timbre from the storage area such as ROM (including flash memory) to the work memory (RAM) If the equation, the calculation coefficient, and the weighting coefficient are read out and kept waiting, when the polyphonic aftertouch performance method is detected, these can be quickly set in the sound source unit.
Depending on the keyboard performance mode, different timbres may be set depending on the key range.

In the above description, the musical tone control parameter is set in advance as the characteristic after the musical tone corresponding to each key is started to be generated.
Instead, different musical tone controls can be achieved by changing different types of musical tone control parameters according to the tone generation pattern of the tone currently being played, or according to the number of pronunciations of the tone currently being played. It can also be made.

In the structure shown in FIG. 1, the gaps between the cylindrical portions 7c of the on / off sensors 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ , and 8 ₃ and the lower surfaces of the corresponding actuators 3e ₁ , 3e ₂ , 3e ₃ are made equal. Instead, if the lengths of the actuators 3e ₁ , 3e ₂ , 3e ₃ are made different and the gaps are made different, the distance between the above-mentioned movable contact 7e and the fixed contact on the upper surface of the printed circuit board 5 can be changed to each on-off state. The sensors 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ and 8 ₃ may be equal.

FIG. 4 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a keyboard for explaining a second embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 31 is a key, 31a is a first actuator, and 31b is a second actuator. The spindle on which the key 31 rotates is on the left side (not shown).
Reference numeral 32 denotes a printed circuit board, which is provided with fixed contacts and wiring not shown.
The first actuator 31a is longer than the second actuator 31b.

Reference numeral 33 denotes a flexible unit that constitutes the movable portion side of the two dome-shaped composite on / off sensors corresponding to the first actuator 31a and the second actuator 31b.
Reference numeral 33 a denotes a base portion that is in contact with the printed circuit board 32.
In the left dome-shaped composite on / off sensor, 33b is a first skirt portion, 33c is a first inner dome, 33d is a second skirt portion, 33e is a second inner dome, and 33f is a cylindrical portion.
A first movable contact 33g is provided at the tip of the first inner dome 33c, and a second movable contact 33h is provided at the tip of the second inner dome 33e. The tip of the first inner dome 33c is closer to the printed circuit board 32 than the tip of the second inner dome 33e. The cylindrical portion 33f is pressed by the first actuator 31a.

In the right dome-shaped composite on / off sensor, 33j is a first skirt portion, 33k is a first inner dome, 33m is a second skirt portion, 33n is a second inner dome, and 33p is a cylindrical portion.
A third movable contact 33q is provided at the tip of the first inner dome 33k, and a fourth movable contact 33r is provided at the tip of the second inner dome 33n. The tip of the first inner dome 33k is closer to the printed circuit board 32 than the tip of the second inner dome 33n.

The cylindrical portion 33p is pressed by the second actuator 31b, but the gap with the second actuator 31b is larger than the gap between the left cylindrical portion 33f and the first actuator 31a. As a result, when the key 31 is pressed, the cylindrical portion 33p is pressed later than when the cylindrical portion 33f is pressed.
Although not shown, a pair of fixed contacts are provided on the printed circuit board 32 corresponding to the first to fourth movable contacts 33g, 33h, 33q, and 33r. Shorted by contact.

A first on / off sensor is configured by the pair of fixed contacts corresponding to the first movable contact 33g described above, and a second on / off sensor is configured by the pair of fixed contacts corresponding to the second movable contact 33h, The third movable contact 33q and the corresponding pair of fixed contacts constitute a third on / off sensor, and the fourth movable contact 33r and the corresponding pair of fixed contacts constitute a fourth on / off sensor.
When the key 31 is pressed, the first, second, third and fourth on / off sensors are sequentially turned on in the order.
The above-described first and second on / off sensors detect key pressing operations and initial touches (key pressing speeds), and the third and fourth on / off sensors detect polyphonic aftertouch playing techniques to control polyphonic aftertouch. Execute.

In this embodiment, in addition to the third on / off sensor, the fourth on / off sensor is also used for the after-touch control. If the fourth on / off sensor is turned on after the third on / off sensor is turned on, it is detected that the pressing amount has further increased.
Therefore, the effectiveness of after-touch control can be controlled according to the amount of pressing. That is, Equation (4) is replaced with the following equation.
PAT (key) = f (n) x g (m) x ps (key) x cs x ks (key) (5)
For example, when the volume is controlled, the following equation is used.
g (m) = 1 + 0.15m (6)
When the third on / off sensor is turned on, m = 1 is set to increase the volume by 15%, and when the fourth on / off sensor is turned on, m = 2 is set to increase the volume by 30%.

In FIG. 4, after the third on / off sensor is turned on by making the flexible member of the second skirt portion 33m thicker than the flexible member of the first skirt portion 33j, the fourth on / off sensor is turned on. By turning on the player's finger, the pressure applied to the performer's finger is increased so that a polyphonic aftertouch technique can be felt.
In addition, by making the flexible member of the first skirt portion 33j thicker than the flexible members of the first skirt portion 33b and the second skirt portion 33d of the left dome-shaped composite on / off sensor, After the on / off sensor is turned on, the pressing force applied to the performer's finger may be increased until the third on / off sensor is turned on to make the polyphonic aftertouch performance feel.

In the above description, it depends on the pronunciation pattern of the musical sound that is currently being produced, or on the number of musical sounds that are currently being produced.
However, as a simpler example, it is also possible to control the musical tone according to the individual keys 31 only by the value of the number m of the plurality of sensor switches that are turned on, without depending on these.
In this case, increase or a third of the number of on-off sensor 8 ₃ shown in FIG. 1 to 2 or more, or increase the domed composite off sensor shown in FIG. 4, the number of dome of the dome-like composite off the sensor For example, if the number of sensor switches that are sequentially turned on (the number of make-ups) is increased as the button is pressed, m can be increased to 2 or more, so that the polyphonic aftertouch performance can be detected in detail.

  Also in the keyboard structure shown in Patent Document 3 described in the background art, the number of on / off sensors that are sequentially turned on with pressing can be increased to four or more, so the second embodiment described with reference to FIG. In the same way as the above, the sound source is controlled according to the sound pattern of the currently sounding sound, the sound source is changed according to the number of sound sounds currently sounding, and each key is turned on and off. The effectiveness of after-touch control can be controlled by the number m of the plurality of sensor switches.

It is typical explanatory drawing of the keyboard used in the 1st Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a flowchart conceptually illustrating an operation for detecting an initial touch and an after touch and controlling a musical tone using the keyboard structure shown in FIG. 1. It is a figure which shows several specific examples about the table used in order to obtain PAT (polyphonic aftertouch value). It is a typical fragmentary sectional view of the keyboard for demonstrating the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,1a, 1b, 1c ... Keyboard frame, 1d ... Slit, 2 ... Bearing part, 3 ... Key, 3a ... Key body part, 3b ... Stopper piece, 3c ... Upper limit stopper contact part, 3d ... Lower limit stopper contact 3e ₁ , 3e ₂ , 3e ₃ ... First to third actuators 4... Support shaft 5 .. printed circuit board 7 .. flexible unit 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ , 8 ₃ . 9) Stopper

Claims (9)

In an electronic keyboard instrument comprising a plurality of keys held swingably with respect to a support member, and a key pressing operation detecting means for detecting a key pressing operation of each key,
The key- pressing operation detecting means has three on / off switches that are sequentially turned on in accordance with the depression amount corresponding to each key, and the first switch that is turned on first in response to the depression amount and the next switch in a second switch which is turned on, used as the detection to Rousset capacitors the initials touch in addition to the start of the key depression, the third switch last turned on in response to the depressed amount, the key depression It is used as one on / off sensor that detects further pressing operation after the operation starts ,
The member constituting the movable part of the first switch and the second switch and the member constituting the movable part of the third switch are continuously formed at least for each key,
When the first switch and the second switch corresponding to each key detect the start of the key pressing operation, the sound source is controlled so that the sound of the musical sound corresponding to each key is started, When the third switch corresponding to each key detects a further pressing operation after the key pressing operation is started, the sound source is controlled so that the characteristic after the start of the sound generation corresponding to each key is changed. Musical sound control means,
An electronic keyboard instrument characterized by comprising:   With a lower limit stopper,
  The lower limit stopper makes contact with each key for the first time when each key is pressed down to a depth at which the second switch generates an ON signal, and increases the pressing force required to press each key. is there,
  The electronic keyboard instrument according to claim 1, wherein: Said musical tone control means, when said third switch corresponding to each key is detected a further depressing operation after the start of key depression, the characteristics after the start of sounding of the musical tone corresponding to the key, press at the present time Controlling the sound source so as to be changed according to a combination of key presses during key operation ;
The electronic keyboard instrument according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein Said musical tone control means, when said third switch corresponding to each key is detected a further depressing operation after the start of key depression, the characteristics after the start of sounding of the musical tone corresponding to the key, press at the present time Controlling the sound source to be changed according to the number of keys being operated ;
The electronic keyboard instrument according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein When the third switch corresponding to each key detects a further depressing operation after the key pressing operation is started, the musical sound control means has a characteristic after the start of sound generation corresponding to the key indicates the tone Controlling the sound source to be changed according to the set tone,
The electronic keyboard instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electronic keyboard instrument is any one of the above. When the third switch corresponding to each key detects a further depressing operation after the key pressing operation is started, the music sound control means has a user-set characteristic after starting the tone generation corresponding to the key. Controlling the sound source to be changed according to
The electronic keyboard instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein The musical tone control means, when the third switch corresponding to each key detects a further pressing operation after the key pressing operation is started, predetermined musical tone control parameters after the start of the tone generation corresponding to the key. By changing the value of and using the calculation and / or the table, and setting the sound source, the characteristics after the start of the sound generation of the musical sound corresponding to each key is changed,
The electronic keyboard instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the electronic keyboard instrument is any one of the above. The musical tone control means, when the third switch corresponding to each key detects a further pressing operation after the key pressing operation is started, predetermined musical tone control parameters after the start of the tone generation corresponding to the key. By changing the value of each according to each key and setting it in the sound source, the characteristics after the start of sound generation corresponding to each key are changed according to each key.
The electronic keyboard instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The musical tone control means, when the third switch corresponding to each key detects a further pressing operation after the key pressing operation is started, predetermined musical tone control parameters after the start of the tone generation corresponding to the key. The value of is changed by multiplying a value common to each key by a weighting factor corresponding to each key, and set to the sound source,
The electronic keyboard instrument according to claim 8, wherein

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