JP4485909B2 - Battery charger for hybrid construction machines - Google Patents

Battery charger for hybrid construction machines Download PDF

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JP4485909B2
JP4485909B2 JP2004320364A JP2004320364A JP4485909B2 JP 4485909 B2 JP4485909 B2 JP 4485909B2 JP 2004320364 A JP2004320364 A JP 2004320364A JP 2004320364 A JP2004320364 A JP 2004320364A JP 4485909 B2 JP4485909 B2 JP 4485909B2
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inverter
permanent magnet
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JP2006136072A (en
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隆 久保
寛 石山
公則 佐野
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Sumitomo SHI Construction Machinery Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

本発明はハイブリッド式建設機械のバッテリ充電装置に関するものであり、特に、電力損失を小さくしたハイブリッド式建設機械のバッテリ充電装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a battery charger for a hybrid construction machine, and more particularly to a battery charger for a hybrid construction machine with reduced power loss.

近年、油圧ショベルをはじめとする建設機械では、エンジンの負担や燃料消費率低減などのために、油圧ポンプの駆動源としてエンジンのほかに電動機を搭載したハイブリッド式建設機械が知られている。このハイブリッド式建設機械では、電動機に電源を供給するバッテリの電圧が低下すると、電動機を動作させることができない。然るときは、通常はバッテリを機械から取り外して充電するか、或いは、充電器を持ってきてバッテリを充電しなければならず、充電作業が煩雑であった。   In recent years, in construction machines such as a hydraulic excavator, a hybrid type construction machine equipped with an electric motor in addition to an engine as a driving source of a hydraulic pump is known in order to reduce an engine load and a fuel consumption rate. In this hybrid construction machine, when the voltage of the battery that supplies power to the electric motor decreases, the electric motor cannot be operated. At that time, normally, the battery must be removed from the machine for charging, or the battery must be charged by bringing a charger, which makes the charging work complicated.

この不具合を解消するために、エンジンに電動発電機を接続するとともに、この電動発電機を駆動制御するためのインバータを搭載し、油圧ポンプが低負荷のときは、エンジンの動力のみで油圧ポンプを駆動するとともに発電機で発電した電力をバッテリに蓄え、油圧ポンプが高負荷のときは、バッテリに蓄えられた電力で前記発電機を電動機として駆動するハイブリッド式建設機械が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   In order to solve this problem, a motor generator is connected to the engine and an inverter for controlling the drive of the motor generator is installed. When the hydraulic pump is under low load, the hydraulic pump is driven only by the engine power. Hybrid construction machines that drive and store the power generated by the generator in a battery and drive the generator as an electric motor with the power stored in the battery when the hydraulic pump has a high load are known (for example, Patent Document 1).

また、操作レバーまたは操作パネルにパワーアップ用スイッチを設け、このスイッチからの信号がコントローラに入力されたときに、油圧ポンプの駆動を助成すべく電動発電機の出力トルクを制御するように構成したハイブリッド式建設機械も知られている（例えば、特許文献２参照）。
特開２００１−１６７０４号公報 特開２００４−１１５０２号公報 Also, a power-up switch is provided on the operation lever or operation panel, and when the signal from this switch is input to the controller, the output torque of the motor generator is controlled to assist the drive of the hydraulic pump. Hybrid construction machines are also known (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
JP 2001-16704 A JP 2004-11502 A

特許文献１記載の発明は、エンジンの動力により電動発電機で発電した交流電力を、インバータにより直流電力に変換してバッテリに充電するので、従来のように、充電時にわさわざ機械からバッテリを取り外す必要がない。また、バッテリに蓄えられた電力をインバータにより交流電力に変換して電動発電機を電動機として任意の回転数で駆動することができる。   In the invention described in Patent Document 1, AC power generated by a motor generator using engine power is converted into DC power by an inverter and charged to the battery. There is no need to remove it. Moreover, the electric power stored in the battery can be converted into alternating current power by an inverter, and the motor generator can be driven as an electric motor at an arbitrary rotational speed.

しかし、インバータからバッテリへ充電する際、バッテリ電圧と発電電圧との差が大きいと過電流が流れ、バッテリに負担がかかって寿命が短くなる虞が大きい。このためインバータとバッテリの接続途中に抵抗器を介装して、過電流となるのを防止する必要がある。一方、インバータとバッテリの接続途中に常時抵抗器が介装されていると、充電時及び放電時に電力損失によって効率が低下する。   However, when the battery is charged from the inverter, if the difference between the battery voltage and the generated voltage is large, an overcurrent flows, and there is a high possibility that the battery is burdened and the life is shortened. For this reason, it is necessary to prevent overcurrent by interposing a resistor in the middle of connection between the inverter and the battery. On the other hand, if a resistor is always installed in the middle of the connection between the inverter and the battery, the efficiency decreases due to power loss during charging and discharging.

特許文献２記載の発明は、パワーアップ用スイッチを設けてそのスイッチ操作により電動発電機の出力トルクを制御するが、インバータを制御するために特別のコントローラが必要でコストアップの要因となる。   In the invention described in Patent Document 2, a power-up switch is provided and the output torque of the motor generator is controlled by operating the switch. However, a special controller is required to control the inverter, which causes an increase in cost.

そこで、インバータを備えたハイブリッド式建設機械において、特別のコントローラを必要とせず、インバータからバッテリへの過電流を防止するとともに、充電時及び放電時の電力損失を低減するために解決すべき技術的課題が生じてくるのであり、本発明はこの課題を解決することを目的とする。   Therefore, in a hybrid construction machine equipped with an inverter, there is no need for a special controller, and a technical problem to be solved to prevent overcurrent from the inverter to the battery and to reduce power loss during charging and discharging. A problem arises, and the present invention aims to solve this problem.

本発明は上記目的を達成するために提案されたものであり、請求項１記載の発明は、建設機械の下部走行体の上に旋回機構を介して旋回自在に載置された上部旋回体の上に、エンジンと、該エンジンに接続される永久磁石式同期電動発電機と、該永久磁石式同期電動発電機を駆動制御するインバータと、該インバータの直流電源となるバッテリとを備えたハイブリッド式建設機械において、
前記インバータとバッテリとの間に抵抗器を介装するとともに、該抵抗器を短絡する断続器を設け、バッテリ電圧とインバータ動作可能電圧とを比較して、バッテリ電圧がインバータ動作可能電圧未満である場合は、前記永久磁石式同期電動発電機を発電機として動作させるとともに前記断続器を開として、前記永久磁石式同期電動発電機で発電された電力を前記抵抗器を介してバッテリに充電するように構成し、且つ、油圧ショベルの使用に供して成るハイブリッド式建設機械のバッテリ充電装置を提供する。 The present invention has been proposed in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, and the invention according to claim 1 is directed to an upper swing body that is rotatably mounted on a lower traveling body of a construction machine via a swing mechanism. A hybrid type comprising an engine, a permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator connected to the engine, an inverter for driving and controlling the permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator, and a battery serving as a DC power source of the inverter In construction machinery
A resistor is interposed between the inverter and the battery, and an interrupter for short-circuiting the resistor is provided. The battery voltage is less than the inverter operable voltage by comparing the battery voltage and the inverter operable voltage. In this case, the permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator is operated as a generator and the interrupter is opened to charge the battery with the electric power generated by the permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator via the resistor. A battery charger for a hybrid construction machine configured as described above and used for a hydraulic excavator is provided.

この構成によれば、インバータとバッテリとの間に抵抗器と該抵抗器を短絡する断続器を設けてあり、バッテリ電圧がインバータ動作可能電圧未満である場合は、断続器を開として永久磁石式同期電動発電機で発電された電力を抵抗器を介してバッテリに充電するため、バッテリ電圧と発電電圧との差が大きくても前記抵抗器により過電流が緩衝されてバッテリへ入力される。   According to this configuration, the resistor and the interrupter for short-circuiting the resistor are provided between the inverter and the battery. When the battery voltage is less than the inverter operable voltage, the interrupter is opened and the permanent magnet type Since the electric power generated by the synchronous motor generator is charged into the battery via the resistor, the overcurrent is buffered by the resistor and input to the battery even if the difference between the battery voltage and the generated voltage is large.

請求項２記載の発明は、上記バッテリ電圧が上記インバータ動作可能電圧以上の場合は、上記断続器を閉として上記抵抗器を短絡し、必要に応じて上記永久磁石式同期電動発電機を発電機又は電動機として動作させ、発電された電力をバッテリに充電する一方、該バッテリに蓄えられた電力により上記永久磁石式同期電動発電機を電動機として駆動させるように構成したハイブリッド式建設機械のバッテリ充電装置を提供する。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, when the battery voltage is equal to or higher than the inverter operable voltage, the interrupter is closed, the resistor is short-circuited, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor generator is connected to the generator as necessary. Alternatively, a battery charging device for a hybrid construction machine configured to operate as an electric motor and charge the generated electric power to a battery while driving the permanent magnet synchronous motor generator as an electric motor by the electric power stored in the battery I will provide a.

この構成によれば、バッテリ電圧がインバータ動作可能電圧以上の場合は、断続器を閉として抵抗器を短絡し、発電機の電力が抵抗器を通らずにインバータを介してバッテリに供給され、また、バッテリの電力が抵抗器を通らずにインバータを介して電動機へ供給される。   According to this configuration, when the battery voltage is higher than the inverter operable voltage, the interrupter is closed and the resistor is short-circuited, and the power of the generator is supplied to the battery via the inverter without passing through the resistor. The battery power is supplied to the electric motor through the inverter without passing through the resistor.

請求項１記載の発明は、バッテリ電圧がインバータ動作可能電圧未満である場合は、断続器を開として発電機で発電された電力を抵抗器を介してバッテリに充電するため、バッテリ電圧と発電電圧との差が大きくても抵抗器により定格電流に緩衝されて、バッテリに負担がかからず寿命が長くなる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the battery voltage is lower than the inverter operable voltage, the battery voltage and the generated voltage are generated in order to charge the battery with the electric power generated by the generator by opening the interrupter through the resistor. Even if the difference is large, it is buffered by the rated current by the resistor, so that the battery is not burdened and the life is extended.

請求項２記載の発明は、バッテリ電圧がインバータ動作可能電圧以上の場合は、断続器を閉として抵抗器を短絡し、発電機の電力が抵抗器を通らずにインバータを介してバッテリに供給され、また、バッテリの電力が抵抗器を通らずにインバータを介して電動機へ供給されるため、インバータへの電力損失を低減することができ効率向上に寄与できる。   According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the battery voltage is equal to or higher than the inverter operable voltage, the interrupter is closed and the resistor is short-circuited, and the generator power is supplied to the battery via the inverter without passing through the resistor. Moreover, since the electric power of the battery is supplied to the electric motor via the inverter without passing through the resistor, the power loss to the inverter can be reduced, and the efficiency can be improved.

以下、本発明に係るハイブリッド式建設機械のバッテリ充電装置について、好適な実施例をあげて説明する。インバータを備えたハイブリッド式建設機械において、特別のコントローラを必要とせず、インバータからバッテリへの過電流を防止するとともにインバータへの電力損失を低減するという目的を、インバータとバッテリとの間に抵抗器を介装するとともに、該抵抗器を短絡する断続器を設け、バッテリ電圧とインバータ動作電圧とを比較して、バッテリ電圧がインバータ動作可能電圧未満である場合は、永久磁石式同期電動発電機を発電機として動作させるとともに断続器を開として、該永久磁石式同期電動発電機で発電された電力を抵抗器を介してバッテリに充電するように構成し、また、バッテリ電圧がインバータ動作可能電圧以上の場合は、断続器を閉として抵抗器を短絡し、必要に応じて前記永久磁石式同期電動発電機を発電機又は電動機として動作させ、発電された電力をバッテリに充電する一方、該バッテリに蓄えられた電力により前記永久磁石式同期電動発電機を電動機として駆動させるように構成したことにより実現した。   Hereinafter, a battery charger for a hybrid construction machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to preferred embodiments. In a hybrid construction machine equipped with an inverter, a resistor is not required between the inverter and the battery for the purpose of preventing overcurrent from the inverter to the battery and reducing power loss to the inverter without requiring a special controller. In addition, an interrupter that short-circuits the resistor is provided, and the battery voltage is compared with the inverter operating voltage. If the battery voltage is less than the inverter operable voltage, the permanent magnet synchronous motor generator is installed. It is configured to operate as a generator and open the interrupter to charge the battery with the electric power generated by the permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator via a resistor, and the battery voltage is higher than the inverter operable voltage. In this case, the interrupter is closed and the resistor is short-circuited, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor generator is It is operated as a motor, while charging the generated electric power in the battery, and implemented by the electric power stored in the battery and configured to drive the permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator as a motor.

図１は建設機械の一例として油圧ショベル１０を示し、下部走行体１１の上に旋回機構１２を介して上部旋回体１３が旋回自在に載置されている。上部旋回体１３にはその前方一側部にキャブ１４が設けられ、且つ、前方中央部にブーム１５が俯仰可能に取り付けられている。更に、ブーム１５の先端にアーム１６が上下回動自在に取り付けられ、該アーム１６の先端にバケット１７が取り付けられている。前記上部旋回体１３には、エンジン１８と、該エンジン１８に接続される永久磁石式同期電動発電機１９並びに油圧ポンプ２０などの駆動装置が搭載されている。   FIG. 1 shows a hydraulic excavator 10 as an example of a construction machine, and an upper swing body 13 is mounted on a lower traveling body 11 via a swing mechanism 12 so as to be rotatable. The upper swing body 13 is provided with a cab 14 on one front side thereof, and a boom 15 is attached to the front center portion so as to be able to be raised and lowered. Further, an arm 16 is attached to the tip of the boom 15 so as to be rotatable up and down, and a bucket 17 is attached to the tip of the arm 16. The upper rotating body 13 is equipped with an engine 18 and drive devices such as a permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator 19 and a hydraulic pump 20 connected to the engine 18.

図２はバッテリ充電装置のブロック図であり、前述したように、前記エンジン１８に永久磁石式同期電動発電機１９並びに油圧ポンプ２０が接続され、該永久磁石式同期電動発電機１９を駆動制御するインバータ２１と、インバータ２１の直流電源となるバッテリ２２が設けられている。前記インバータ２１とバッテリ２２との間には抵抗器２３を介装するとともに、該抵抗器２３を短絡する断続器２４を設ける。この断続器２４は例えばリレーなどのスイッチを使用し、後述するように、バッテリ電圧とインバータ動作可能電圧との比較値によって断続される。   FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the battery charger. As described above, the permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator 19 and the hydraulic pump 20 are connected to the engine 18 to drive and control the permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator 19. An inverter 21 and a battery 22 serving as a DC power source for the inverter 21 are provided. A resistor 23 is interposed between the inverter 21 and the battery 22, and an interrupter 24 for short-circuiting the resistor 23 is provided. The interrupter 24 uses a switch such as a relay, for example, and is interrupted by a comparison value between the battery voltage and the inverter operable voltage, as will be described later.

次に、バッテリ充電装置の動作について説明する。機械始動時の初期状態で前記バッテリ２２の電圧が低くて、バッテリ電圧がインバータ動作可能電圧未満である場合、或いは、機械作動中に前記バッテリ２２の電圧が低下して、バッテリ電圧がインバータ動作可能電圧未満になった場合は、前記永久磁石式同期電動発電機１９を発電機として動作させるとともに、同図に示すように、前記断続器２４を開とする。   Next, the operation of the battery charger will be described. When the voltage of the battery 22 is low in the initial state at the time of starting the machine and the battery voltage is less than the inverter operable voltage, or the voltage of the battery 22 decreases during the machine operation and the battery voltage can operate as an inverter. When the voltage is lower than the voltage, the permanent magnet synchronous motor generator 19 is operated as a generator, and the interrupter 24 is opened as shown in FIG.

前記永久磁石式同期電動発電機１９で発電された交流電力はインバータ２１にて直流電力に変換され、この直流電力が前記抵抗器２３を介してバッテリ２２に充電され、バッテリ２２の電圧と永久磁石式同期電動発電機１９の電圧との差が大きくても、回路の途中に抵抗器２３を介在させてあるため、該抵抗器２３により過電流が緩衝されて定格電流としてバッテリ２２へ入力される。従って、バッテリ２２に負担がかからず寿命が長くなる。   The AC power generated by the permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator 19 is converted into DC power by the inverter 21, and this DC power is charged to the battery 22 through the resistor 23, and the voltage of the battery 22 and the permanent magnet are charged. Even if the difference from the voltage of the synchronous motor generator 19 is large, the resistor 23 is interposed in the circuit, so the overcurrent is buffered by the resistor 23 and input to the battery 22 as the rated current. . Therefore, the battery 22 is not burdened and the life is extended.

そして、バッテリ２２への充電が進み、バッテリ電圧が正常電圧範囲に戻り、バッテリ電圧がインバータ動作可能電圧以上になった場合は、必要に応じて前記永久磁石式同期電動発電機１９を発電機又は電動機として動作させ、発電された交流電力をインバータ２１により直流電力に変換してバッテリ２２に充電する一方、該バッテリ２２に蓄えられた直流電力をインバータ２１にて交流電力に変換し、この交流電力を前記永久磁石式同期電動発電機１９へ供給して、該永久磁石式同期電動発電機１９を電動機として駆動する。   When the battery 22 is charged, the battery voltage returns to the normal voltage range, and the battery voltage becomes equal to or higher than the inverter operable voltage, the permanent magnet synchronous motor generator 19 is changed to a generator or While operating as an electric motor, the generated AC power is converted into DC power by the inverter 21 to charge the battery 22, while the DC power stored in the battery 22 is converted into AC power by the inverter 21, and this AC power Is supplied to the permanent magnet synchronous motor generator 19, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor generator 19 is driven as an electric motor.

ここで、永久磁石式同期電動発電機により発電された電力をバッテリ２２に供給する場合、及び、バッテリ２２に蓄えられた電力をインバータ２１に供給する場合、途中に前記抵抗器２３が介装されていると、電力損失によって効率が低下するため、図３に示すように、前記断続器２４を閉として抵抗器２３を短絡する。従って、前記永久磁石式同期電動発電機により発電された交流電力、並びに、バッテリ２２の直流電力は抵抗器２３を通らずに供給されるため、電力損失を低減することができ効率向上に寄与できる。   Here, when the electric power generated by the permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator is supplied to the battery 22 and when the electric power stored in the battery 22 is supplied to the inverter 21, the resistor 23 is interposed in the middle. In this case, the efficiency is reduced due to power loss. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the interrupter 24 is closed and the resistor 23 is short-circuited. Accordingly, since AC power generated by the permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator and DC power of the battery 22 are supplied without passing through the resistor 23, power loss can be reduced and the efficiency can be improved. .

尚、本発明は、本発明の精神を逸脱しない限り種々の改変を為すことができ、そして、本発明が該改変されたものに及ぶことは当然である。   It should be noted that the present invention can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the present invention naturally extends to the modified ones.

本発明が適用された油圧ショベルの側面図。1 is a side view of a hydraulic excavator to which the present invention is applied. 断続器が開状態における本発明に係るバッテリ充電装置のブロック図。The block diagram of the battery charging device which concerns on this invention in the open state of an interrupter. 断続器が閉状態における本発明に係るバッテリ充電装置のブロック図。The block diagram of the battery charging device which concerns on this invention in a closed state.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０ 油圧ショベル
１８ エンジン
１９ 永久磁石式同期電動発電機
２１ インバータ
２２ バッテリ
２３ 抵抗器
２４ 断続器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Hydraulic excavator 18 Engine 19 Permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator 21 Inverter 22 Battery 23 Resistor 24 Interrupter

Claims (2)

建設機械の下部走行体の上に旋回機構を介して旋回自在に載置された上部旋回体の上に、エンジンと、該エンジンに接続される永久磁石式同期電動発電機と、該永久磁石式同期電動発電機を駆動制御するインバータと、該インバータの直流電源となるバッテリとを備えたハイブリッド式建設機械において、
前記インバータとバッテリとの間に抵抗器を介装するとともに、該抵抗器を短絡する断続器を設け、バッテリ電圧とインバータ動作可能電圧とを比較して、バッテリ電圧がインバータ動作可能電圧未満である場合は、前記永久磁石式同期電動発電機を発電機として動作させるとともに前記断続器を開として、前記永久磁石式同期電動発電機で発電された電力を前記抵抗器を介してバッテリに充電するように構成し、且つ、油圧ショベルの使用に供して成ることを特徴とするハイブリット゛式建設機械のバッテリ充電装置。 On the upper swinging body mounted on the lower traveling body of the construction machine through a swing mechanism, the engine, the permanent magnet synchronous motor generator connected to the engine, and the permanent magnet type In a hybrid construction machine including an inverter for driving and controlling a synchronous motor generator and a battery serving as a DC power source of the inverter,
A resistor is interposed between the inverter and the battery, and an interrupter for short-circuiting the resistor is provided. The battery voltage is less than the inverter operable voltage by comparing the battery voltage and the inverter operable voltage. In this case, the permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator is operated as a generator and the interrupter is opened to charge the battery with the electric power generated by the permanent magnet type synchronous motor generator via the resistor. And a battery charger for a hybrid construction machine, characterized in that it is used for a hydraulic excavator . 上記バッテリ電圧が上記インバータ動作可能電圧以上の場合は、上記断続器を閉として上記抵抗器を短絡し、必要に応じて上記永久磁石式同期電動発電機を発電機を発電機又は電動機として動作させ、発電された電力をバッテリに充電する一方、該バッテリに蓄えられた電力により上記永久磁石式同期電動発電機を電動機として駆動させるように構成した請求項１記載のハイブリッド式建設機械のバッテリ充電装置。   When the battery voltage is equal to or higher than the inverter operable voltage, the interrupter is closed and the resistor is short-circuited, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor generator is operated as a generator or a motor as necessary. The battery charging device for a hybrid construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the battery is charged with the generated electric power, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor generator is driven as an electric motor by the electric power stored in the battery. .
JP2004320364A 2004-11-04 2004-11-04 Battery charger for hybrid construction machines Expired - Fee Related JP4485909B2 (en)

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Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57139243U (en) * 1981-02-25 1982-08-31
JPS61202136U (en) * 1985-06-07 1986-12-18
JPH1042408A (en) * 1996-07-22 1998-02-13 Hitachi Ltd Device used both as charging and switching for electric vehicle
JP2001003397A (en) * 1999-06-25 2001-01-09 Kobe Steel Ltd Controller of hybrid construction machine
JP2001045675A (en) * 1999-07-29 2001-02-16 Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The Power storage system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57139243U (en) * 1981-02-25 1982-08-31
JPS61202136U (en) * 1985-06-07 1986-12-18
JPH1042408A (en) * 1996-07-22 1998-02-13 Hitachi Ltd Device used both as charging and switching for electric vehicle
JP2001003397A (en) * 1999-06-25 2001-01-09 Kobe Steel Ltd Controller of hybrid construction machine
JP2001045675A (en) * 1999-07-29 2001-02-16 Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The Power storage system

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