JP4484385B2 - Health management device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a health management apparatus for judging the physical condition of a subject.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Since the information on the electrocardiogram or heart rate is useful in judging the health condition of the subject, an electrocardiogram is measured in a medical examination or the like. As shown in Japanese Patent No. 2594217, a bathtub-type electrocardiogram measuring apparatus capable of measuring an electrocardiogram of a bather while bathing in a bathtub has been proposed.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventionally, there has been no simple health management device that can be used to appropriately determine physical condition while applying a load to a subject in a home or the like, and thus such a simple health management device has been desired. Incidentally, the above-described bathtub-type electrocardiogram measuring device only measures the electrocardiogram of a bather while bathing.
By the way, in recent years, Western-style lifestyles have become widespread, and the number of shower people who wash their bodies in a shower bath has increased. For example, young people have a habit of taking a shower in the morning and then going to school or work, or even taking a shower bath at night without taking a bath. In addition, it is also common practice to sweat in a shower after exercise in a sports facility or the like.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a simple health management device that can appropriately determine a physical condition in a state where a load is applied to a subject while having a simple device configuration. Is to provide.
Furthermore, it is to provide a more convenient health management device capable of judging the physical condition of a subject while applying a load while performing a shower bath or the like.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve this object, the first characteristic configuration of the health management device according to the present invention is a heart rate measuring means for measuring the heart rate of a subject as described in claim 1 in the column of the claims, A load applying means for applying a load due to a temperature change on the subject, and a change in the heart rate of the subject measured by the heart rate measuring means when the load applying means applies a load due to the temperature change to the subject. A physical condition information determining means for obtaining physical condition information capable of determining the physical condition of the subject, and when the physical condition information determining means starts heart rate measurement, the load applied by the load applying means is a first load. The application of the load is performed at a time t1 after the start of the application of the load and after the start of the application of the load, and after the heart rate of the subject measured by the heart rate measuring unit is stabilized at the base value P1 that is a constant value. When the load at is switched to the second load, and after switching to the second load, the time when the heart rate reaches a recovery value P2 that is a constant value close to the base value P1 and starts to stabilize is defined as t4. It is the point which is comprised so that the quality of a physical condition may be judged based on the length of t4-t1 which is the return time of the said heart rate .
In the second characteristic configuration, as described in claim 2 in the section of the claims, in addition to the first characteristic configuration, the physical condition information determining unit may determine whether the physical condition is good or not. After switching to the second load, if the heart rate falls below the base value P1 without stabilizing to the recovery value P2, the heart rate becomes the base value P1 after switching to the second load. The time is set to be the time t4 when the stabilization is started, and the physical condition is judged based on the length of t4-t1 which is the return time of the heart rate.
In the third feature configuration, in addition to the first or second feature configuration, as described in claim 3 of the column of the claims, the load applying means is configured so that the first load is A temperature higher than the second load is given, and the time when the physical condition information determination means reaches a plateau value P3 where the heart rate increased by switching from the first load to the second load reaches a maximum value. t2, the last time at which the plateau value P3 was maintained is t3, and the heart rate increase rate (P3-P1) / (t2-t1) and the heart rate decrease rate (P3-P2) / (t4-t3 ), Physical condition by combining at least one of P2-P1, which is the difference between the recovery value and the base value, P3-P1, which is the difference between the plateau value and the base value, and t3-t2 which is the plateau duration It is in the point comprised so that it may judge.
[0006]
In the fourth feature configuration, in addition to any one of the first to third feature configurations, the liquid is continuously ejected to the subject's body, as described in claim 4 of the claims. Liquid ejecting means that can be provided, and the load applying means changes the temperature of the liquid ejected to the body of the subject by the liquid ejecting means, thereby applying a load due to temperature change to the subject. It is in the point which is comprised.
[0007]
Liquid same fifth characteristic configuration of, as set forth in claim 5 in the column of the claims, in addition to the fourth characterizing feature, the heart rate measuring means, to be ejected by the liquid ejecting means The heart rate of the subject is measured based on electrical signals appearing on a plurality of electrodes provided with at least one channel electrode in contact with.
[0008]
In addition to any one of the first to fifth feature configurations, the sixth feature configuration is the physical feature information determining means, as described in claim 6 of the claims section. There is a physical condition information output means for outputting physical condition information.
[0009]
In the seventh feature configuration, in addition to the sixth feature configuration, the physical condition information output means may cause the subject to change the temperature with the load applying means, as described in claim 7 in the claims column. This is because the display unit displays a change in the heart rate of the subject when the load is applied.
[0010]
The eighth characterizing feature of, as set forth in claim 8 column claims, in addition to the seventh one of characteristic structure from the first, load due to temperature changes in said load applying means An abnormality notifying means for determining and notifying an abnormality of a given subject is provided.
[0011]
The operation and effect will be described below.
According to the first characteristic configuration of the present invention, the load applying unit applies a load due to temperature change, the heart rate measuring unit measures the subject's heart rate, and the physical condition information determining unit includes the load applying unit. The physical condition information which can judge a test subject's physical condition is calculated | required based on the change of the test subject's heart rate measured by the heart rate measurement means when giving the test subject the load by a temperature change.
That is, for example, when a load is applied to a subject due to a temperature change from a high temperature state to a low temperature state, the heart rate of the subject changes so as to temporarily increase and then decrease. Since it differs depending on the physical condition, it is possible to determine the physical condition of the subject based on the change in the heart rate when the load is applied due to the temperature change.
[0012]
Therefore, simple health management that can appropriately determine the physical condition with a load applied to the subject while having a simple apparatus configuration that measures the change in the heart rate of the subject with a load caused by a temperature change An apparatus is provided.
As a result, for example, by using it for health management by simple physical condition check at home or the like, it can lead to early detection of illness, and thus contribute to the reduction of medical costs.
Moreover, it can be used for physical condition management (for example, check of cool down effect) after training (sports, fast walking, etc.). If it is determined that the physical condition is poor by checking the cool-down effect, it is possible to take measures such as reducing the training menu for the next day according to the physical condition.
[0013]
According to the fourth feature configuration, by changing the temperature of the liquid ejected to the subject's body by the liquid ejecting means capable of ejecting the liquid continuously to the subject's body, The load by change is given.
That is, it is possible to apply a load due to a temperature change to the subject using the liquid continuously ejected to the subject's body.
Therefore, a more convenient health management device that can determine the physical condition of a subject while performing a shower bath or the like while applying a load using a liquid such as water for the shower bath is provided.
As a result, it is possible to make a habit of checking the physical condition while taking a shower every morning, for example, and contribute to the promotion of health management at home.
[0014]
According to the fifth characteristic configuration, by changing the temperature of the liquid ejected to the subject's body by the liquid ejecting means capable of ejecting the liquid continuously to the subject's body, The subject's heart rate is measured based on electrical signals that appear on a plurality of electrodes that are provided with a flow path electrode that is in contact with the liquid ejected by the liquid ejecting means as at least one electrode.
In other words, the liquid continuously ejected on the subject's body can be used to give the subject a load due to a temperature change, and conduction between the body surface and the flow path electrode that contacts the liquid via the liquid. Since the path is formed, the heart rate of the subject can be measured in a state where the disadvantage of restraining the subject's body by fixing the electrode directly to the subject's body surface is avoided as much as possible.
Therefore, it is possible to provide a more convenient health management device that can determine the physical condition of a subject by applying a load and measuring the heart rate using a liquid such as water for the shower bath while performing a shower bath. Is done.
[0015]
According to the sixth feature configuration, the physical condition information of the subject obtained by the physical condition information determining means is output.
Therefore, the physical condition of the subject can be easily determined based on the physical condition information that is output. For example, it is possible to quickly take a treatment according to the physical condition.
[0016]
According to the seventh characteristic configuration, a change in heart rate of the subject when the subject is subjected to a load due to a temperature change is displayed as the physical condition information of the subject.
Therefore, since the change in the heart rate of the subject when the load is applied due to the temperature change can be visually recognized as display information, the physical condition of the subject can be more easily determined.
[0017]
According to the eighth characteristic configuration, the abnormality of the subject to whom the load due to the temperature change is given is determined and notified.
Therefore, when it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the subject due to a load due to a temperature change, the abnormality is notified to a third party such as a householder, and the subject can be rescued early.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the health management device according to the present invention will be described for a case where a test subject taking a shower bath is given a load by changing the hot water temperature of the shower.
As shown in FIG. 1, the shower facility includes a shower head 10 as a liquid ejecting means capable of ejecting a liquid (specifically, water) continuously to the body of a subject, and the shower head 10. A water heater K for supplying hot water, a controller C for controlling the hot water supply operation of the water heater K, and the like are provided. Although not shown, the water heater K is configured to supply hot water to the bathtub, and the controller C is a bath provided with an operation unit and a display unit for inputting various command information for hot water supply operation. A remote controller R1 and a kitchen remote controller R2 are connected.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 2, the shower head 10 has a liquid flow passage 4 to which water of a constant pressure is supplied, a spout 5 for continuously discharging water supplied to the liquid flow passage 4, and a liquid flow A flow path electrode 3 facing the path 4 and in contact with water flowing through the liquid flow path 4 is provided. And the body surface of the site | part in which the conduction | electrical_connection path was formed between the flow-path electrode 3 and the body surface through the water continuously spouted toward the test subject's body surface from the jet nozzle 5, and was bathed in water The potential is measured. Further, the grip part of the shower head 10 is provided with a grip hand electrode 11, and the body surface potential of a part touching the grip hand electrode 11 is measured. Each body surface potential induced to the flow path electrode 3 and the grip electrode 11 is taken out as an electrical signal by the lead wire 6.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 1, a potential difference between the body surface potential measured by the flow path electrode 3 and the body surface potential measured by the grip electrode 11 is measured by the potential measuring device 7. For example, in FIG. 1, the body surface potential of the upper right chest that is exposed to a water flow from the shower is measured by the channel electrode 3, and the body surface potential of the left hand is measured by the grip hand electrode 11. An electrocardiogram signal is obtained from the potential difference signal. The electrocardiogram signal obtained by the potential measuring device 7 is input to the heart rate measuring means 8 that measures the heart rate of the subject.
Therefore, the heart rate measuring means 8 appears on a plurality of electrodes (channel electrode 3 and grip electrode 11) provided with at least one channel electrode 3 in contact with the liquid ejected by the shower head 10. It is comprised so that a test subject's heart rate may be measured based on an electrical signal.
[0021]
FIG. 3 shows an example of an electrocardiogram signal obtained by the potential measuring device 7 and a heart rate measurement signal. In the original electrocardiogram signal obtained as a differential voltage between the flow path electrode 3 and the grip electrode 11, a signal (for example, an R wave or the like) generated instantaneously at a constant period is generated because the baseline fluctuation occurs. The signal value cannot be known accurately. This baseline fluctuation is due to instability of the contact state between the water flow ejected from the shower head 10 and the body surface, and the movement of the subject's body. Therefore, the potential measuring device 7 removes the low-frequency component forming the baseline fluctuation using a low cut filter or the like, and outputs a calibrated electrocardiogram signal without the baseline fluctuation. This calibrated electrocardiogram signal is a commonly seen electrocardiogram.
In the heart rate measuring means 8, the heart rate is calculated from the interval between peaks that appear instantaneously in the calibration electrocardiogram signal. Incidentally, the narrower the peak interval, the higher the heart rate. Information on the heart rate obtained by the heart rate measuring means 8 is input to the controller C.
[0022]
At the top of the shower head 10 is provided a liquid crystal display 10A for displaying a heart rate change during a cold water load test, which will be described later, and an upper part of the grip of the shower head 10 is shown in FIG. As described above, an operation unit 10B including a heart rate change measurement start button 13 by an after-mentioned cold water load test and an end confirmation button 14 is provided. An operation signal from the operation unit 10B is input to the controller C, and the display unit 10A is driven to display by the controller C. Instead of providing two buttons for measurement start and end confirmation as described above, a single on / off button for inputting each operation signal for measurement start and end confirmation may be provided.
[0023]
Using the hot water heater K and the controller C, load applying means 102 for applying a load due to temperature change to the subject is configured, and the load applying means 102 is ejected to the subject's body by the shower head 10. By changing the temperature of the liquid to be applied, the subject is subjected to a load due to temperature change. Specifically, a load caused by a temperature change, that is, a cold water load is given to the subject by switching the water bathed on the subject's body from hot water at a predetermined temperature to low temperature water.
[0024]
By using the controller C, when the load applying unit 102 applies a load due to a temperature change (the cold water load) to the subject, the heart rate of the subject measured by the heart rate measuring unit 8 is changed. Based on this, a physical condition information discriminating means 101 for obtaining physical condition information capable of determining the physical condition of the subject is configured.
[0025]
The physical condition information discriminating means 101 will be specifically described with reference to FIG.
First, when the subject is standing or sitting and presses the measurement start button 13 (this time is set to t0), a hot water shower (temperature is set to Tw) is ejected from the shower head 10, and the hot water shower is near the heart. , It waits until the heart rate is stabilized at a constant value (referred to as base value P1).
When it is confirmed that the heart rate is stabilized at the base value P1, the hot water shower is switched to the cold water shower (temperature is set to Tc) (this time is set to t1). By switching the shower temperature, the heart rate increases and reaches a maximum value (also referred to as a plateau value) P3 (this time is referred to as t2), and is maintained near the maximum value P3 until time t3 (this period is the plateau period). After that, it decreases gradually. Then, the cold water shower is continued until it is confirmed that the heart rate reaches a constant value (referred to as recovery value P2) near the base value P1 (this time is set to t4) and is stabilized at the recovery value P2.
[0026]
As the physical condition information, the return time t4-t1 of the heart rate until the recovery value P2 is returned after switching from the hot water shower to the cold water shower is used. That is, when the physical condition is good, the return time t4-t1 of the heart rate is substantially constant, but when the physical condition is bad, the return time t4-t1 of the heart rate is longer than usual. The physical condition is judged based on the length of time t4-t1.
[0027]
In addition to the above heart rate return time t4-t1, more detailed physical condition check can be performed by any one of the following items or by combining these items.
-Heart rate increase rate: (P3-P1) / (t2-t1)
-Heart rate lowering speed: (P3-P2) / (t4-t3)
Difference between recovery value P2 and base value P1: P2−P1
Difference between plateau value P3 and base value P1: P3-P1
・ Plateau duration: t3-t2
[0028]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, when the heart rate decreased after the plateau period falls below the base value P1 and there is no recovery value P2, the time when the heart rate has reached the base value P1 is set as t4. Similarly to the case of FIG. 5, the return time t4-t1 of the heart rate is obtained and the physical condition is checked.
[0029]
Physical condition information output means 103 is provided for outputting the physical condition information obtained by the physical condition information determination means 101. The physical condition information output means 103 is constituted by a display means for displaying a change in the heart rate of the subject when the load is applied to the subject by the load applying means 102. Specifically, this display means is constituted by the display unit 10A of the shower head 10, and the graphic shown in FIG. 5 or 6 is displayed on the display screen of the display unit 10A. In this case, the figure shown in FIG. 5 or 6 can be displayed by superimposing a line indicating a change in the normal heart rate when the physical condition is good so that the difference from the normal time can be easily understood.
Accordingly, the subject can easily check the state of change in heart rate by displaying the display unit 10A of the shower head 10 while ejecting a shower near the heart while holding the shower head 10 with his hand.
[0030]
Furthermore, an abnormality notifying means 104 for determining and notifying the abnormality of the subject to whom a load due to a temperature change is applied by the load applying means 102 using the controller C is provided. Specifically, when the cold water load test is completed, the abnormality notification unit 104 operates the confirmation button 14 provided on the shower head 10 by voice from a speaker (not shown) built in the bath remote controller R1. If the confirmation button 14 is not operated within a certain period of time, an announcement prompting the above operation is performed again. If the confirmation button 14 is not operated within a certain period of time, the subject is abnormal. It is determined that the alarm has occurred, and a buzzer (not shown) built in the kitchen remote controller R2 is activated to notify the householder.
[0031]
[Another embodiment]
Another embodiment will be described below.
In the said embodiment, the electrical signal which appears in the several electrodes 3 and 11 with which the heart rate measuring means 8 is provided with the flow-path electrode 3 which contacts the liquid ejected by the liquid ejecting means 10 (shower head 10) as one electrode. In addition to this, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the electrical signal appearing on the plurality of electrodes 3 formed by the two flow path electrodes 3 in contact with the liquid is configured. The heart rate of the subject may be measured based on the above.
Specifically, in FIG. 7, each of the fixed shower heads 1 is exposed to a flow of water toward specific parts of the subject's body surface (upper right chest and upper left chest in the figure). Since the body surface potential at the site is measured, the subject does not need to perform an operation of holding the shower head with one hand and touching the grip electrode 11 provided on the grip portion as shown in FIG.
[0032]
The temperature difference may be managed by changing the hot water temperature Tw and the cold water temperature Tc of the shower in the cold water load test according to the season or the like. For example, the temperature of hot water is set higher in summer than in winter, and the temperature difference from cold water is increased. In this case, the following items may be added to the physical condition check items (heart rate return time t4-t1, heart rate increase rate, etc.) shown in the above embodiment.
・ Temperature difference between hot water shower and cold water shower: Tw-Tc
-Hot water shower temperature Tw
・ Cold water shower temperature Tc
・ Bathroom temperature, outside air temperature, season (summer, winter, etc.), time zone In addition, the flow rate of cold water shower increases and the load increases as the pressure increases. Also good.
[0033]
In the above embodiment, when the physical condition information output unit 103 displays a change in heart rate when the subject is subjected to a load due to a temperature change on the display unit 10A, the state of the change is displayed in a graphic form. However, in addition to this, for example, the heart rate may be digitally displayed numerically while contrasting the measured value of the current heart rate with the normal value. In addition, as a display means, you may make it display on the display part of bath remote control R1 instead of the display part 10A provided in the shower head 10. FIG.
[0034]
Further, for example, a series of operations of the cold water load test by the shower ejection and the result may be guided to the subject by sound from a speaker (not shown) built in the bath remote controller R1.
Examples of voice guidance for operation include (1) Keep the shower 15 cm away from the heart, (2) Press the measurement start button, and so on.
Examples of the resulting voice guidance are: (1) Heart rate return time is ** seconds, as usual, (2) Heart rate return time is ** seconds, longer than normal and may be unwell So be careful, etc.
[0035]
In the above-described embodiment, the case where the shower head 10 with the built-in cold water load test function is installed as the shower head 10 that is the liquid ejecting means has been described, but in addition to this, the existing shower head has a function of the cold water load test. The shower head adapter having the above may be attached later, or the existing shower head and the shower head with the built-in cold water load test function may be replaced.
[0036]
In the above embodiment, in the cold water load test, switching from hot water to cold water and various measurements are automatically performed. However, as a simple type device, the above switching operation and measurement are performed manually. It may be. For example, when the start and end of measurement are instructed by operating a manual button, the device stores the average heart rate, the maximum heart rate, and the minimum heart rate from the start of shower ejection to the end of measurement, and the numerical value or trend ( Display). And a test subject judges a physical condition by seeing the display.
[0037]
In the above embodiment, the load applying means 102 gives the subject a load due to a temperature change from the high temperature side to the low temperature side, but conversely, gives the subject a load due to a temperature change from the low temperature side to the high temperature side. The heart rate change at this time may be measured. Specifically, it is performed by switching from a cold water shower to a hot water shower.
[0038]
Further, the load applying means 102 does not apply a load due to the temperature change of the shower water, but applies a load accompanying the temperature change at the time of bathing, and the heart rate measuring means 8 installs an electrode on the inner wall surface of the bathtub to the bathtub. You may comprise so that the change of a heart rate may be measured using the bathtub electrocardiograph which measures the electrocardiogram of the test subject who was immersed. That is, when a subject is immersed in a bathtub, the heart rate first increases and then decreases due to the temperature and pressure of hot water. Therefore, the measurement is started from the time when the test subject is immersed in the bathtub, and the increase in heart rate, plateau (stable period), and decrease are measured. When the measurement ends (the end of the measurement is determined by the elapse of the set time or the detection of the plateau), the heart rate trend (transition) within the measurement time, the average value, the maximum value, etc., for example, a bath remote controller On the display. Then, the set time is set to 10 minutes, for example, and an appropriate value for the average heart rate and the maximum heart rate at the time of bathing for 10 minutes is grasped. The physical condition can be determined based on whether it is a beat).
[0039]
In addition, the load application means 102 uses a configuration in which a bathroom heating dryer installed in the bathroom is interlocked, and the difference between the hot water temperature of the shower and the room temperature in the bathroom adjusted by the bathroom heating dryer, Or you may make it give a test subject the difference between the hot water temperature in a bathtub, and the room temperature in the bathroom adjusted with a bathroom heating dryer as a load by a temperature change. In this case, since the load condition is constant, the room temperature in the bathroom adjusted by the bathroom heater / dryer can be made constant regardless of the season.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a shower facility equipped with a health care apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of a shower head. FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of an electrocardiogram signal and a heart rate signal. FIG. 5 is a front view of a head operation unit. FIG. 5 is a graph showing a change in heart rate in a cold water load test. FIG. 6 is a graph showing a change in heart rate in a cold water load test. Figure [Explanation of symbols]
3 Flow channel electrode 8 Heart rate measuring means 10 Liquid ejecting means 10A Display means 11 Electrode 101 Physical condition information determining means 102 Load applying means 103 Physical condition information outputting means 104 Abnormality notifying means

Claims (8)

A heart rate measuring means for measuring the heart rate of the subject;
A load applying means for applying a load due to a temperature change to the subject;
Physical condition information that can determine the physical condition of the subject based on a change in the heart rate of the subject measured by the heart rate measuring means when the load is applied to the subject by a temperature change. Physical condition information determining means to be provided ,
The physical condition information discriminating means
When heart rate measurement is started, load application by the load application means is started with a first load,
At the time t1 after the start of the load application and after the heart rate of the subject measured by the heart rate measurement unit stabilizes to the base value P1 that is a constant value, the load applied by the load application unit is second. If the time when the heart rate reaches a recovery value P2 that is a constant value close to the base value P1 and starts to stabilize after the change to the second load is t4, the return of the heart rate A health care device configured to determine whether the physical condition is good or not based on the length of time t4 to t1 . When the physical condition information discriminating means determines whether the physical condition is good or not, after switching to the second load, if the heart rate falls below the base value P1 without being stabilized at the recovery value P2, The time when the heart rate becomes the base value P1 after switching to the second load is set as the time t4 when the stabilization is started, and the physical condition is good based on the length of t4-t1 which is the return time of the heart rate. The health management device according to claim 1, which is configured to determine The load applying means applies the first load as a temperature higher than the second load;
The physical condition information discriminating means
The time when the heart rate that has increased by switching from the first load to the second load reaches a plateau value P3 where the heart rate is the maximum value is t2, and the last time when the plateau value P3 is maintained is t3.
(P3-P1) / (t2-t1), which is the rate of increase in heart rate
(P3-P2) / (t4-t3), which is the rate of decrease in heart rate
P2-P1, which is the difference between the recovery value and the base value,
P3-P1, which is the difference between the plateau value and the base value,
T3-t2, which is the plateau duration,
The health management device according to claim 1, wherein the health management device is configured to determine whether the physical condition is good by combining any one or more of the above. Liquid ejecting means capable of ejecting liquid continuously on the subject's body is provided,
It said load applying means, by changing the temperature of the liquid to be ejected into the body of a subject in the liquid jetting means, claim 1-3 of which are configured to provide a load due to temperature changes to the subject The health management device according to any one of the above. The heart rate measuring means is configured to measure the heart rate of the subject based on electrical signals appearing on a plurality of electrodes provided with at least one channel electrode that contacts the liquid ejected by the liquid ejecting means. The health management device according to claim 4 . The health management device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a physical condition information output unit that outputs the physical condition information obtained by the physical condition information determination unit. The health management according to claim 6, wherein the physical condition information output unit includes a display unit that displays a change in the heart rate of the subject when the load is applied to the subject due to a temperature change. apparatus. The health management device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising an abnormality notifying unit that determines and notifies an abnormality of a subject to whom a load due to a temperature change is applied by the load applying unit.

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