JP4478434B2 - Ophthalmic surgery simulation method - Google Patents
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- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 83
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 claims description 82
- 210000005252 bulbus oculi Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 18
- 210000000695 crystalline len Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004382 visual function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004304 visual acuity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000002177 Cataract Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020675 Hypermetropia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005315 distribution function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004305 hyperopia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000006318 hyperopia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004379 myopia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000001491 myopia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011369 optimal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004256 retinal image Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、角膜、水晶体等の手術等の眼科手術の効果を施術前に、認識可能とする眼科手術シミュレーション方法及びその装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an ophthalmic surgery simulation method and apparatus capable of recognizing the effects of ophthalmic surgery such as surgery on the cornea, crystalline lens, etc. before the operation.
被検眼の正確な眼光学特性を測定する方法、例えば本出願人の先の出願に係る特許文献1に示される様に、被検眼眼底に対し光束を投影し、被検眼眼底からの反射光束を受光して被検眼の正確な眼光学特性を測定する眼光学特性を測定する方法、装置が知られ、又被検眼眼底に対し光束を投影し、被検眼眼底からの反射光束を受光して得られる光量強度分布から、被検眼眼底に所要の視標を投影した場合に形成される視標像をシミュレーションする眼光学特性を測定する方法及びその装置を本出願人は特許文献2に於いて示している。 A method for measuring the accurate eye optical characteristics of the eye to be examined, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1 relating to the previous application of the present applicant, projects a light beam onto the fundus of the eye to be examined, and reflects the light beam reflected from the fundus of the eye to be examined. A method and apparatus for measuring the optical characteristics of an eye that receives light and measures the accurate eye optical characteristics of the eye to be examined are known. Also, a light beam is projected onto the fundus of the eye to be examined, and the light flux reflected from the fundus of the eye to be examined is received. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-228867 shows a method and apparatus for measuring eye optical characteristics for simulating a target image formed when a required target is projected onto the fundus of the eye to be examined from the intensity distribution of light intensity obtained. ing.
上記装置により、被検眼眼底ではどの様な像が形成されるかをシミュレーションして所要の表示装置に表示させることで、他覚的に認識可能となる。 By the above device, what kind of image is formed on the fundus of the eye to be examined is simulated and displayed on a required display device, so that it can be objectively recognized.
又、角膜にレーザ光線を照射し、角膜を変形させ、被検眼の屈折力を矯正する手術、或は白濁した水晶体を持つ白内障患者の水晶体を摘出して眼内レンズを挿入する手術が知られている。 Also known are surgery to irradiate the cornea with a laser beam to deform the cornea and correct the refractive power of the eye to be examined, or to remove the lens of a cataract patient with a clouded lens and insert an intraocular lens. ing.
然し乍ら、どの様な手術を行うと、手術後にどの様な眼光学特性になるかについては、精密にシミュレーションする装置は知られていない。 However, there is no known device that accurately simulates what kind of surgery is performed and what kind of ocular optical characteristics are obtained after the surgery.
この為、手術後の眼光学特性の改善等、施術効果については、施術者の経験に基づき判断され、被検眼のどの部位をどの様に手術するかは、施術者の経験に基づいており、施術効果も施術者の熟練度に影響されるものであった。 For this reason, treatment effects such as improvement of optical characteristics after surgery are judged based on the experience of the practitioner, and which part of the eye to be operated in what manner is based on the practitioner's experience, The treatment effect was also influenced by the skill level of the practitioner.
又、病期の進行により視機能がどの様に変化するかについても、具体的に知る方法はなく、医者の経験、過去のデータにより予測するだけであった。 In addition, there is no specific method for knowing how the visual function changes with the progression of the disease stage, and only prediction is made based on the experience of the doctor and past data.
本発明は斯かる実情に鑑み、被検眼の角膜、水晶体の状態を手術により変更することで、視機能がどの様に変化するか、眼球光学系の眼光学特性がどの様に変化するか、或は病期が進むことで視機能がどの様に変化するかを容易に知ることができる方法及び装置を提供するものである。 In view of such a situation, the present invention changes the cornea of the eye to be examined, the state of the crystalline lens by surgery, how the visual function changes, how the eye optical characteristics of the eyeball optical system change, Another object is to provide a method and apparatus that can easily know how the visual function changes as the stage progresses.
本発明は、被検眼眼底からの反射光束により形成された光束の光量分布特性を測定し、該測定値から算出された前記被検眼の第1の眼光学特性関数と、前記被検眼の測定された眼球光学系の各要素の光学データから算出した第2の眼光学特性関数とを比較し、前記第1の眼光学特性関数に対し前記各光学データの少なくとも1つを変化させながら、前記第1の眼光学特性関数と前記第2の眼光学特性関数とをマッチングさせるステップと、マッチングにより眼球光学系の各要素の最適な光学データを確立する第2のステップと、該第2のステップにより確立した光学データの内、目の手術により矯正する少なくとも1つの光学データを変化させ、変化した光学データに基づき手術後の眼光学特性を演算する第3のステップを有する眼科手術シミュレーション方法に係るものである。 The present invention measures a light quantity distribution characteristic of a light beam formed by a reflected light beam from the fundus of the eye to be examined, and measures a first eye optical characteristic function of the eye to be examined calculated from the measured value, and the eye to be examined. The second eye optical characteristic function calculated from the optical data of each element of the eyeball optical system is compared, and at least one of the optical data is changed with respect to the first eye optical characteristic function. A step of matching one eye optical characteristic function with the second eye optical characteristic function, a second step of establishing optimal optical data of each element of the eyeball optical system by matching, and the second step Of the established optical data, at least one optical data to be corrected by eye surgery is changed, and an ophthalmic surgery system having a third step of calculating post-operative eye optical characteristics based on the changed optical data. Those of the Interview configuration method.
又本発明は、被検眼眼底からの反射光束により形成された光束の光量分布特性に基づき算出された前記被検眼の第1の眼光学特性関数と、前記被検眼の測定された眼球光学系の各要素の光学データから演算された第2の眼光学特性関数とを比較演算し、前記第1の眼光学特性関数と前記第2の眼光学特性関数とがマッチングする様に前記眼球光学系の各要素の光学データを変更し、マッチング状態での各要素の光学データを確定する第1の演算部と、確定後の前記光学データの少なくとも1つを変更した場合の眼光学特性関数を演算する第2の演算部と、該第2の演算部での演算結果を基にシミュレーション画像を演算する第3の演算部と、少なくとも前記第3の演算部の演算結果を表示する表示部とを具備する眼科手術シミュレーション装置に係るものである。 The present invention also provides a first ocular optical characteristic function of the eye to be calculated, which is calculated based on a light amount distribution characteristic of a light beam formed by a reflected light beam from the fundus of the eye to be examined, and an eyeball optical system in which the eye to be examined is measured. The second eye optical characteristic function calculated from the optical data of each element is compared and calculated so that the first eye optical characteristic function matches the second eye optical characteristic function. A first calculation unit that changes the optical data of each element and determines the optical data of each element in a matching state, and calculates an eye optical characteristic function when at least one of the determined optical data is changed A second calculation unit; a third calculation unit that calculates a simulation image based on a calculation result in the second calculation unit; and a display unit that displays at least a calculation result of the third calculation unit. To perform ophthalmic surgery simulation It relates to.
本発明によれば、被検眼眼底からの反射光束により形成された光束の光量分布特性を測定し、該測定値から算出された前記被検眼の第1の眼光学特性関数と、前記被検眼の測定された眼球光学系の各要素の光学データから算出した第2の眼光学特性関数とを比較し、前記第1の眼光学特性関数に対し前記各光学データの少なくとも1つを変化させながら、前記第1の眼光学特性関数と前記第2の眼光学特性関数とをマッチングさせるステップと、マッチングにより眼球光学系の各要素の最適な光学データを確立する第2のステップと、該第2のステップにより確立した光学データの内、目の手術により矯正する少なくとも1つの光学データを変化させ、変化した光学データに基づき手術後の眼光学特性を演算する第3のステップを有するので、眼球光学系の各要素の光学データを変更して変更後の眼光学特性をシミュレーションすることができ、手術により視機能の変化を予想することが可能となり、又どこの部位をどの様に治療すればよいかが予想でき、効果的な手術を行うことが可能となる。又、病期が進むことで、視機能がどの様に劣化するか等が予想でき、最適な治療が可能となる等の優れた効果を発揮する。 According to the present invention, the light quantity distribution characteristic of the light beam formed by the reflected light beam from the fundus of the eye to be examined is measured, the first eye optical characteristic function of the eye to be calculated calculated from the measured value, and the eye of the eye to be examined A second eye optical characteristic function calculated from optical data of each element of the measured eyeball optical system is compared, and at least one of the optical data is changed with respect to the first eye optical characteristic function, Matching the first eye optical characteristic function and the second eye optical characteristic function, a second step of establishing optimal optical data of each element of the eyeball optical system by matching, the second Since at least one optical data to be corrected by the eye surgery is changed among the optical data established by the steps, and the third step of calculating the post-operative eye optical characteristics based on the changed optical data is provided. By changing the optical data of each element of the eyeball optical system, it is possible to simulate the optical characteristics of the eye after the change, and it is possible to anticipate changes in visual function by surgery, and how to treat which part and how It is possible to predict what should be done and to perform an effective operation. In addition, it is possible to predict how the visual function deteriorates as the disease stage progresses, and exhibits excellent effects such as enabling optimal treatment.
以下、図面を参照しつつ本発明を実施する為の最良の形態を説明する。 The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
先ず、図1に於いて手術シミュレーション装置の概略を説明する。 First, the outline of the surgical simulation apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.
図中、1は入力部であり、2は演算処理装置、3は表示部、4はCPU等に代表される演算部、5は半導体記憶装置、ハードディスク等の記憶装置を示している。 In the figure, 1 is an input unit, 2 is an arithmetic processing unit, 3 is a display unit, 4 is an arithmetic unit represented by a CPU or the like, and 5 is a storage device such as a semiconductor storage device or a hard disk.
前記入力部1には、例えば特許文献1で示された眼光学特性測定装置により測定された被検眼の眼光学特性(点像強度分布関数、以下第1PSFと称す)が入力されると共に市販の眼光学測定装置で測定された被検眼の各要素に関するデータが入力される。 The input unit 1 receives, for example, eye optical characteristics (a point image intensity distribution function, hereinafter referred to as a first PSF) of an eye to be measured measured by an eye optical characteristic measuring apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1, and is commercially available. Data relating to each element of the subject's eye measured by the ophthalmic optical measurement device is input.
市販の眼光学測定装置で測定されるデータとしては、被検眼の眼球光学系の各要素のデータ、例えば、水晶体の形状、屈折率、屈折率分布、被検眼6の光軸長、即ち角膜7の後面と水晶体8間の距離、該水晶体8の厚み、該水晶体8の後面から網膜10迄の距離(図2参照)が挙げられる。図2中、9は硝子体を示している。 As data measured by a commercially available eye optical measurement device, data of each element of the eyeball optical system of the eye to be examined, such as the shape of the lens, the refractive index, the refractive index distribution, the optical axis length of the eye 6 to be examined, that is, the cornea 7 The distance between the rear surface of the lens 8 and the thickness of the lens 8, and the distance from the rear surface of the lens 8 to the retina 10 (see FIG. 2). In FIG. 2, 9 indicates the vitreous body.
前記記憶装置5には、前記入力部1より入力された第1PSF20、前記被検眼6の眼球光学系の各要素のデータ21が記録され、又これらのデータを基に第2PSF(後述)の演算、シミュレーション画像の演算、コントラストデータの演算、データを前記表示部3に表示する等、を行う為の演算処理プログラムが格納されている。 The storage device 5 stores the first PSF 20 input from the input unit 1 and the data 21 of each element of the eyeball optical system of the eye 6 to be examined. Based on these data, the second PSF (described later) is calculated. An arithmetic processing program for performing calculation of a simulation image, calculation of contrast data, displaying the data on the display unit 3, and the like is stored.
又、前記演算部4は前記演算処理プログラムに基づきデータの演算処理、データの入出力を制御する。 The arithmetic unit 4 controls data arithmetic processing and data input / output based on the arithmetic processing program.
図3を参照して、作用を説明する。 The operation will be described with reference to FIG.
STEP:01 手術シミュレーション装置が始動され、眼光学特性測定装置により測定された第1PSF及び市販の眼光学測定装置で測定された前記被検眼6の眼球光学系の各要素のデータ、例えば、水晶体の形状、屈折率、屈折率分布、光軸長が前記入力部1に入力される。 STEP: 01 The surgical simulation apparatus is started, and the first PSF measured by the eye optical characteristic measuring apparatus and the data of each element of the eyeball optical system of the eye 6 measured by the commercially available eye optical measuring apparatus, for example, the lens The shape, refractive index, refractive index distribution, and optical axis length are input to the input unit 1.
STEP:02 前記被検眼6の眼球光学系の各要素のデータに基づき該被検眼6の第2PSFが演算される。尚、演算方法としてはミー散乱解析法、有限要素解析法等が用いられる。 (Step 02) Based on the data of each element of the eyeball optical system of the eye 6 to be examined, the second PSF of the eye 6 to be examined is calculated. As a calculation method, a Mie scattering analysis method, a finite element analysis method, or the like is used.
上記した眼光学特性を測定する装置では、正確な眼光学特性を測定することは可能である。一方市販の眼光学測定装置では被検眼の眼球光学系の各要素、即ち角膜、水晶体、硝子体の光学データは測定できるが、各要素をそれぞれ分離して測定することができないので他の要素の影響も含まれている可能性があり、正確なデータとは言えないものがある。この為、STEP:02で得られる第2PSFと前記第1PSFとは一般に合致しない。 With the above-described apparatus for measuring eye optical characteristics, it is possible to measure accurate eye optical characteristics. On the other hand, a commercially available eye optical measuring device can measure the optical data of the eyeball optical system of the eye to be examined, that is, the optical data of the cornea, the crystalline lens, and the vitreous body, but each element cannot be measured separately. Impact may be included, and some data may not be accurate. For this reason, the second PSF obtained in STEP: 02 generally does not match the first PSF.
STEP:03、STEP:04 第2PSFの各要素のデータ(パラメータ)の少なくとも1つを変更して変更後の第2PSFを演算し、変更後の第2PSFと第1PSFとを比較する。変更後の第2PSFと第1PSFが合致していなければ、更に、少なくとも1つのパラメータを変更して再度第2PSFを演算し、第1PSFと合致しているかどうかを判断する。而して、第2PSFと第1PSFが合致する(マッチングがとれる)迄パラメータを変更して演算が反復される。反復演算は、前記記憶装置5に格納された演算処理プログラムを前記演算部4が実行することで行われ、第1の演算部として機能する。 STEP: 03, STEP: 04 At least one of the data (parameters) of each element of the second PSF is changed to calculate the changed second PSF, and the changed second PSF and the first PSF are compared. If the second PSF after the change and the first PSF do not match, further, at least one parameter is changed and the second PSF is calculated again to determine whether or not it matches the first PSF. Thus, the operation is repeated with the parameters changed until the second PSF and the first PSF match (matching is possible). The iterative calculation is performed by the calculation unit 4 executing the calculation processing program stored in the storage device 5, and functions as a first calculation unit .
第1PSFと第2PSFとがマッチングがとれた状態での、前記被検眼6の眼球光学系の各要素のデータは、誤差が修正されたものと見做すことができ、各要素のデータが確定する。 The data of each element of the eyeball optical system of the eye 6 to be examined in a state where the first PSF and the second PSF are matched can be regarded as the error corrected, and the data of each element is confirmed. To do.
STEP:05 前記被検眼6の治療に必要な、施術箇所、手術方法を仮想し、変更する各要素のデータを決定する。例えば、近視、遠視の治療の場合は、屈折力の矯正であり、屈折力を決定する要因としては、角膜形状、水晶体形状、硝子体透過率等が挙げられ、例えばレーザにより角膜形状の変更を意図する場合は、前記入力部1より確定した角膜形状のデータを変更する。 (Step 05) The treatment location and the operation method necessary for the treatment of the eye 6 to be examined are hypothesized and data of each element to be changed is determined. For example, in the case of myopia and hyperopia treatment, the refractive power is corrected. Factors that determine the refractive power include corneal shape, crystalline lens shape, vitreous transmittance, etc. When intended, the corneal shape data determined from the input unit 1 is changed.
STEP:06 変更したデータにより第3PSFを演算する。第3PSFの演算は、STEP:02と同様ミー散乱解析法、有限要素解析法等が用いられる。前記第3PSFの演算は、前記記憶装置5に格納された演算処理プログラムを前記演算部4が実行することで行われ、第2の演算部として機能する。 STEP: The third PSF is calculated from the changed data. For the calculation of the third PSF, the Mie scattering analysis method, the finite element analysis method and the like are used as in STEP: 02. The calculation of the third PSF is performed by the calculation unit 4 executing the calculation processing program stored in the storage device 5, and functions as a second calculation unit.
STEP:07 前記第3PSFに基づき、シミュレーション網膜像、視力−コントラストデータ等が演算される。シミュレーション網膜像、視力−コントラストデータ等の演算は前記記憶装置5に格納された演算処理プログラムを前記演算部4が実行することで行われ、第3の演算部として機能する。尚、視力−コントラストデータの算出については、例えば本出願人が先に出願した特開2002−209852号公報に示されたものがある。 (Step 07) Based on the third PSF, a simulation retina image, visual acuity-contrast data, and the like are calculated. Calculations such as a simulated retinal image and visual acuity-contrast data are performed by the calculation unit 4 executing a calculation processing program stored in the storage device 5 and function as a third calculation unit. As for the calculation of visual acuity-contrast data, for example, there is one disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-209852 filed earlier by the present applicant.
STEP:08 シミュレーション網膜像、視力−コントラストデータ等が前記表示部3に表示される。該表示部3での表示例としては、手術前と手術後とが対比して表示される。例えば、図4は被検眼のPSFを3次元表示したものであり、図4(A)が手術前、図4(B)が手術後を示している。PSFが円錐状から針状に突出した状態となり、被検眼の集光状態が一点に集中する様になったことが分かる。又、図5は被検眼網膜像をシミュレーションしたものであり、図5(A)が手術前、図5(B)が手術後を示し、手術後の像が明瞭となったことが分かる。更に、図6は視力−コントラストの関係を示すデータであり、横軸が視力、縦軸がコントラストとなっており、図6中、4角でプロットした曲線が手術前のコントラスト分布、丸でプロットした曲線が手術後のコントラスト分布を示しており、手術後のコントラストが増大していることが分かり、網膜上の視標像の明暗の境界が明確になったことが分かる。 (Step 08) A simulation retina image, visual acuity-contrast data, and the like are displayed on the display unit 3. As a display example on the display unit 3, the pre-operation and post-operation are displayed in comparison. For example, FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional display of the PSF of the eye to be examined, with FIG. 4 (A) showing before surgery and FIG. 4 (B) showing after surgery. It can be seen that the PSF changes from a conical shape to a needle shape, and the focused state of the eye to be examined is concentrated at one point. FIG. 5 shows a simulation of the retina image of the eye to be examined. FIG. 5 (A) shows the pre-operation and FIG. 5 (B) shows the post-operation, and it can be seen that the image after the operation is clear. Further, FIG. 6 is data showing the relationship between visual acuity and contrast, in which the horizontal axis is visual acuity and the vertical axis is contrast. In FIG. This curve shows the contrast distribution after the operation, and it can be seen that the contrast after the operation has increased, and that the boundary of the contrast of the visual target image on the retina has become clear.
STEP:09 前記表示部3に表示されたデータを基に施術効果が判断でき、施術効果が充分でない場合は、STEP:05に戻り、各要素のデータの少なくとも1つを変更して再び施術効果を確認する。満足できる施術効果が得られた場合、或は複数回繰返して最良の施術効果が得られたデータを確定してシミュレーションを終了する。 STEP: 09 If the treatment effect can be determined based on the data displayed on the display unit 3 and the treatment effect is not sufficient, the procedure returns to STEP: 05 and the treatment effect is changed again by changing at least one of the data of each element. Confirm. If a satisfactory treatment effect is obtained, or data is obtained by repeating a plurality of times to obtain the best treatment effect, the simulation is terminated.
上記シミュレーションをすることで、手術方針、手術内容を判断することが容易となる。又、各要素のデータを変更することで、病状の進行の状態等の予測が可能となり、治療方針を決定する場合のデータとしても有効である。 By performing the above simulation, it becomes easy to determine the operation policy and the operation contents. In addition, by changing the data of each element, it is possible to predict the state of progression of the medical condition and the like, which is also effective as data for determining a treatment policy.
尚、上記の実施の形態に於いては、被検眼角膜から被検眼の網膜に至る眼球光学系の眼光学特性に基づき、被検眼網膜上に形成されるシミュレーション画像を演算して表示する様に構成している。但し、人は、網膜−大脳神経系により、網膜上に形成される画像を基に一種の画像処理を行い、この画像処理された画像を認識しているものと考えられている。この網膜−大脳神経系による画像処理としては、エッジ強調処理、特定周波数の強調処理等が、代表的なものとして知られている。その為、網膜シミュレーション画像に、更に、網膜−大脳神経系による処理に対応する画像処理演算を行うことにより、人が網膜−大脳神経系を介して認識する真の画像をシミュレーション画像として演算し表示することもできる。 In the above embodiment, the simulation image formed on the retina of the eye to be examined is calculated and displayed based on the eye optical characteristics of the eyeball optical system from the eye cornea to the retina of the eye to be examined. It is composed. However, it is considered that a person performs a kind of image processing based on an image formed on the retina by the retina-cerebral nervous system and recognizes the image processed image. As image processing by the retina-cerebral nervous system, edge enhancement processing, enhancement processing at a specific frequency, and the like are known as typical ones. Therefore, a true image that a person recognizes via the retina-cerebral nervous system is calculated and displayed on the retina simulation image by performing image processing calculation corresponding to the processing by the retina-cerebral nervous system. You can also
この場合、健康な一般人では、網膜−大脳神経系では実質的に略一定の処理が行われるものであり、一定の画像処理による演算表示でよい。但し、非健康人で網膜−大脳神経系による適正な処理ができない人がいる場合には、その人の網膜−大脳神経系の欠陥に対応した画像処理演算を行うことにより、その人が認識するシミュレーション画像を演算・表示することもできる。 In this case, in a healthy general person, substantially constant processing is performed in the retina-cerebral nervous system, and calculation display by constant image processing may be performed. However, if there is a non-healthy person who cannot perform proper processing by the retina-cerebral nervous system, the person recognizes by performing image processing calculation corresponding to the defect of the person's retina-cerebral nervous system Simulation images can also be calculated and displayed.
1 入力部
2 演算処理装置
3 表示部
4 演算部
5 記憶装置
6 被検眼
7 角膜
8 水晶体
9 硝子体
10 網膜
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Input part 2 Arithmetic processing device 3 Display part 4 Operation part 5 Memory | storage device 6 Eye to be examined 7 Cornea 8 Lens 9 Vitreous body 10 Retina
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