JP4473771B2 - Exterior wall structure - Google Patents

Exterior wall structure Download PDF

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JP4473771B2
JP4473771B2 JP2005127116A JP2005127116A JP4473771B2 JP 4473771 B2 JP4473771 B2 JP 4473771B2 JP 2005127116 A JP2005127116 A JP 2005127116A JP 2005127116 A JP2005127116 A JP 2005127116A JP 4473771 B2 JP4473771 B2 JP 4473771B2
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sandwich panel
screw
fixing
panel
sandwich
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JP2006299757A (en
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昌司 後藤
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Nippon Steel Coated Sheet Corp
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Description

本発明は、外壁構造に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an outer wall structure.

従来の木造軸組パネル工法では、梁や柱や間柱を組み合わせた軸組に断熱性を有する壁パネルを取り付けて壁下地を形成し、この壁パネルの屋外側にサイディング等の外装材を配設するといったことで、断熱性を備えた外壁を形成している。なお、建築用パネルとしては一対の対向する金属外皮の間に断熱材を充填してなるサンドイッチパネルが知られている。このサンドイッチパネルはその金属外皮が整然とした外観を現出することからオフィスビルや工場等の外装材として多く使用されてきた。しかしながら、このサンドイッチパネルにより構成される壁面は優れた断熱性能と気密性能を有するため、たとえば特許文献1のように、木造軸組パネル工法の壁下地を構成する壁パネルにも用途の幅が広がってきている。なお詳しくは、特許文献1におけるサンドイッチパネルの木造の軸組への固定構造は、軸組における構造材の柱や梁にサンドイッチパネルの外周部を合わせるようにして軸組の屋外側にサンドイッチパネルを沿わせて位置させ、サンドイッチパネルの外周部に亙って間隔をあけて固定用ネジをサンドイッチパネルの屋外側から柱や梁に多数打入していくことで行われている。   In the conventional wooden framed panel method, a wall panel with heat insulation is attached to a framed frame that combines beams, columns, and studs to form a wall base, and exterior materials such as siding are placed on the outdoor side of the wall panel. By doing so, an outer wall with heat insulation is formed. As a building panel, a sandwich panel is known in which a heat insulating material is filled between a pair of opposed metal shells. This sandwich panel has been widely used as an exterior material for office buildings, factories, etc., because its metal skin shows an orderly appearance. However, since the wall surface constituted by this sandwich panel has excellent heat insulation performance and airtight performance, for example, as in Patent Document 1, the range of applications extends to the wall panel constituting the wall foundation of the wooden frame panel construction method. It is coming. More specifically, in the structure of fixing the sandwich panel to the wooden shaft in Patent Document 1, the sandwich panel is arranged on the outdoor side of the shaft so that the outer periphery of the sandwich panel is aligned with the pillar or beam of the structural material in the shaft. This is done by placing a large number of fixing screws into pillars and beams from the outside of the sandwich panel at intervals along the outer periphery of the sandwich panel.

ところで、地震や強風等によると建物には強い外力がかかるのであって木造軸組パネル工法による建物ではこの外力はサンドイッチパネルや軸組からなる壁下地全体で支えるようになっているが、この外力によると、柱がしなる等の軸組の撓み変形にてサンドイッチパネルに剪断負荷が生じたり建物の上下の揺れの違いにてサンドイッチパネルに垂直面内の回転負荷が生じたりする。これら各負荷の協働によって軸組とサンドイッチパネルとの固定部位にねじれにも似た負荷が強く作用し、つまり固定用ネジが変形したり抜けたりしてサンドイッチパネルが軸組から外れ落ちる可能性が生じるという問題があった。更に言うと、サンドイッチパネルの軸組から外れ落ちは1度の地震や強風で生じなかったとしても繰り返し起こる余震や強風によってその可能性は高まってしまうものである。
特開2001−3472号公報
By the way, a strong external force is applied to the building due to an earthquake or a strong wind, and this external force is supported by the entire wall base composed of a sandwich panel or a frame in a wooden frame panel construction method. According to the above, a shearing load is generated on the sandwich panel due to bending deformation of the shaft set such as a column, or a rotational load in a vertical plane is generated on the sandwich panel due to a difference in vertical shaking of the building. Due to the cooperation of these loads, a load similar to torsion acts strongly on the fixing part of the shaft assembly and sandwich panel, that is, the sandwiching panel may fall off the shaft assembly due to deformation or removal of the fixing screw. There was a problem that occurred. Furthermore, even if the slippage of the sandwich panel is not caused by a single earthquake or strong wind, the possibility is increased by repeated aftershocks and strong winds.
JP 2001-3472 A

本発明は上記の従来の問題点に鑑みて為したものであって、壁下地を構成するサンドイッチパネルが軸組から外れて落下する恐れを簡単な構造で低減できる外壁構造を提供することを課題とするものである。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an outer wall structure that can reduce the risk of the sandwich panel constituting the wall base from falling off the frame assembly with a simple structure. It is what.

上記課題を解決するために本発明の請求項1に係る外壁構造は、一対の対向する金属外皮1,2の間に芯材3を充填してサンドイッチパネル4を形成し、木造の軸組5の柱6間に間柱7を立設し、サンドイッチパネル4は、幅方向における一方の端部に上下に亙って凸状の嵌合部15が形成され、他方の端部に上下に亙って凹状の被嵌合部16が形成され、隣接するサンドイッチパネル4間で対向した嵌合部15と被嵌合部16とを嵌合させることで、隣接するサンドイッチパネル4同士が一直線状に隙間無く連続する壁下地が形成され、サンドイッチパネル4の外周部4aを軸組5の周縁部に固定用ネジ9にて固定すると共に、サンドイッチパネル4の中央部4bを間柱7に脱落防止用ネジ10にて固定したことを特徴とする。これによると、地震や強風等による外力が建物にかかった際にサンドイッチパネル4には、上記外力に直接起因する軸組5の水平方向への撓み変形による剪断負荷に加えて、建物の上階と下階との間での揺れの違い等の理由によるサンドイッチパネル4を垂直面内で回転させるような回転負荷も作用するのであるが、この回転負荷はサンドイッチパネル4の中央部4bでは回転中心となって脱落防止用ネジ10にはほんど作用しないことから、上記各負荷によってたとえ固定用ネジ9が変形したり抜けたりしてしまっても、脱落防止用ネジ10によってサンドイッチパネル4と軸組5との固定状態を維持できるのであり、つまり、簡単な構造でサンドイッチパネル4が軸組5から外れて落下する恐れを低減できて、外壁の安全性を向上できるのである。さらに隣接するサンドイッチパネル4同士を嵌合部15と被嵌合部16との嵌合で連結させて一直線状に隙間無く連続する壁下地を形成することにより、構造躯体となる壁下地の屋外側に切れ目の無い高い断熱性能及び気密性能を備えることができるのである。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an outer wall structure according to claim 1 of the present invention is configured by filling a core material 3 between a pair of opposing metal skins 1 and 2 to form a sandwich panel 4, and a wooden frame 5 The sandwich panel 4 has a protruding fitting portion 15 formed vertically at one end in the width direction and vertically formed at the other end. The recessed sandwiched part 16 is formed, and the adjacent sandwich panels 4 are linearly spaced by fitting the mating part 15 and the mated part 16 facing each other between the adjacent sandwich panels 4. A continuous wall base is formed, and the outer peripheral portion 4a of the sandwich panel 4 is fixed to the peripheral portion of the shaft assembly 5 with fixing screws 9, and the central portion 4b of the sandwich panel 4 is fixed to the intermediate column 7 with a drop-off preventing screw 10 It is fixed by. According to this, when an external force such as an earthquake or a strong wind is applied to the building, the sandwich panel 4 has an upper floor of the building in addition to the shear load due to the horizontal deformation of the shaft 5 caused directly by the external force. A rotational load that rotates the sandwich panel 4 in the vertical plane due to a difference in vibration between the floor and the lower floor also acts, but this rotational load is the center of rotation at the central portion 4b of the sandwich panel 4. and consisted of no effect falling-off preventing screw 10 Niwaho and command, even if accidentally leave or or even fixing screw 9 is deformed by the respective load, the sandwich panel 4 by falling-off preventing screw 10 The fixed state with the shaft assembly 5 can be maintained, that is, the risk of the sandwich panel 4 falling off the shaft assembly 5 with a simple structure can be reduced, and the safety of the outer wall can be improved. Than is. Furthermore, the adjacent sandwich panels 4 are connected to each other by fitting the fitting portion 15 and the fitted portion 16 to form a wall base that is continuous in a straight line without any gaps, so that the outdoor side of the wall base that becomes the structural frame It can be provided with high heat insulation performance and airtight performance without breaks.

また、本発明の請求項2に係る外壁構造は、請求項1において、固定用ネジ9の打入間隔に比べて脱落防止用ネジ10の打入間隔を大きくしたことを特徴とする。間柱7にサンドイッチパネル4を固定する脱落防止用ネジ10は、構造材の主要部分である柱6に固定して強固な壁下地を形成させると共にサンドイッチパネル4を垂直面内で回転させるような回転負荷が多大に作用する固定用ネジ9とは異なり、上記回転負荷の作用もほとんど無くまた単にサンドイッチパネル4を軸組5から落下させない程度に取付けするためだけのものであるから、脱落防止用ネジ10の使用本数を少なくできて、外壁形成施工の施工性を高めることができる。   According to claim 2 of the present invention, the outer wall structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the first aspect, the insertion interval of the drop-off prevention screw 10 is made larger than that of the fixing screw 9. A drop-off prevention screw 10 for fixing the sandwich panel 4 to the inter-column 7 is fixed to the column 6 which is a main part of the structural material to form a strong wall base and rotates to rotate the sandwich panel 4 in a vertical plane. Unlike the fixing screw 9 where the load acts greatly, the above-mentioned rotational load is hardly exerted, and it is only for mounting the sandwich panel 4 so as not to drop from the shaft assembly 5. The number of 10 used can be reduced and the workability of outer wall formation construction can be improved.

本発明は、木造軸組パネル工法の建物に地震や強風等によって外力がかかった場合に、軸組の周縁部にサンドイッチパネルの外周部を固定する固定用ネジに不具合が生じて軸組からサンドイッチパネルが外れた状態となっても、サンドイッチパネルの中央部と軸組の間柱とを固定する脱落防止用ネジによって、最悪、サンドイッチパネルと軸組との固定を維持することができるものである。すなわち、サンドイッチパネルの中央部と軸組の間柱とを脱落防止用ネジにて固定するといった簡単な構造で、サンドイッチパネルが軸組から外れて落下する恐れを低減できて外壁の安全性を向上できるといった利点を有している。さらに隣接するサンドイッチパネル同士を嵌合部と被嵌合部との嵌合で連結させて一直線状に隙間無く連続する壁下地を形成することにより、構造躯体となる壁下地の屋外側で切れ目の無い高い断熱性能及び気密性能を備えることができる利点を有している。 In the present invention, when an external force is applied to a wooden shaft panel method building due to an earthquake, strong wind, etc., a problem occurs in the fixing screw for fixing the outer peripheral portion of the sandwich panel to the peripheral portion of the shaft assembly. Even if the panel is detached, the fixing of the sandwich panel and the shaft set can be maintained in the worst case by the fall-off prevention screw that fixes the center portion of the sandwich panel and the intermediate column of the shaft set. That is, with a simple structure in which the center of the sandwich panel and the intermediate column of the shaft assembly are fixed with a screw for preventing the dropout, the possibility of the sandwich panel falling off the shaft assembly and falling can be reduced, and the safety of the outer wall can be improved. It has the following advantages. Furthermore, the adjacent sandwich panels are connected to each other by fitting between the fitting portion and the fitting portion to form a wall base that is continuous in a straight line without any gaps, so that a cut is made on the outdoor side of the wall base that becomes the structural frame. It has the advantage that it can be provided with no high heat insulation performance and airtight performance.

以下、本発明を添付図面に示す実施形態に基いて説明する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

図1乃至図5には本発明の実施の形態の例の外壁構造を示す。本例の外壁は、木造軸組パネル工法で形成された建物の外壁であり、一対の対向する金属外皮1,2の間に芯材3を充填して一体化したサンドイッチパネル4を木造の軸組5に屋外側から固定して壁下地を形成し、この壁下地となるサンドイッチパネル4の屋外側にサイディング等の外装材11を配設することで形成されている。   1 to 5 show an outer wall structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The outer wall of this example is an outer wall of a building formed by a wooden framed panel method, and a sandwich panel 4 in which a core material 3 is filled and integrated between a pair of opposing metal shells 1 and 2 is a wooden shaft. A wall base is formed by being fixed to the set 5 from the outdoor side, and an exterior material 11 such as siding is disposed on the outdoor side of the sandwich panel 4 serving as the wall base.

ここで、木造の軸組5は、木製の柱6や梁8(土台8aを含む)を矩形状に組み合わせて構造材となる主体部分が形成されており、間柱7が隣接する柱6の略中間位置で床梁と天井梁のような上下の梁8に渡すようにして立設されている。なお、図1及び図2は建物の1階部分の外壁であり、この部位の軸組5は、基礎12上に載置固定された土台8aと梁8との間に柱6や間柱7が立設されて形成されており、適宜の柱6の下端にはホールダウン金物13を、また柱6の上端には羽子板ボルト14をそれぞれ用いて軸組5の耐震強度の向上が図られている。サンドイッチパネル4は、隣接する柱6と上下の梁8(本例では梁8と土台8a)とで形成された縦長の矩形枠形状と略同形状の縦長の外形形状を有しており、幅方向における一方の端部に上下に亙って凸状の嵌合部15が、他方の端部に上下に亙って凹状の被嵌合部16がそれぞれ形成されており、隣接するサンドイッチパネル4間で対向した嵌合部15と被嵌合部16とを嵌合させることで隣接するサンドイッチパネル4同士が一直線状に隙間無く連結可能にされている。ここで、芯材3は一対の金属外皮1,2を完全に分け隔てるようにこれらの間に充填されていて断熱材となる独立気泡型の硬質の発泡性樹脂(たとえば硬質ポリウレタンフォームやポリイソシアヌレートフォーム)やロックウールなどが好適に用いられる。なお、好ましくは芯材3に優れた剛性強度を備えるために、硬質の発泡性樹脂では密度が30〜60kg/m(たとえば硬質ポリウレタンフォームでは密度が50kg/m程度、ポリイソシアヌレートフォームでは密度が45kg/m程度)のものを、ロックウールでは密度が150〜200kg/mのものを用いるのが好ましい。また金属外皮1,2は芯材3の屋外側表面及び屋内側表面における嵌合部15や被嵌合部16に至るまでの各全面をそれぞれ覆うように成形されていて、55%アルミニウム・亜鉛合金めっき鋼板(ガルバリウム鋼板(商品名))などが好適に用いられる。芯材3が硬質の発泡性樹脂であれば自己接着性によって、芯材3がロックウールであれば接着剤によってそれぞれ金属外皮1,2に完全に密着させて一体化させたことで、優れた断熱性能のみならず優れた剛性強度をサンドイッチパネル4に備えさせているのである。また、複数枚のサンドイッチパネル4を嵌合部15と被嵌合部16との嵌合で連結させて連続する壁下地を形成した際には、嵌合部15と被嵌合部16との嵌合部分も含めて一対の金属外皮1,2の間に芯材3が介在する構造とされているので、構造躯体となる壁下地の屋外側に切れ目の無い高い断熱性能及び気密性能を備えることができたものである。 Here, the wooden frame 5 has a main part which is a structural material formed by combining wooden pillars 6 and beams 8 (including a base 8a) in a rectangular shape, and an intermediate pillar 7 is an abbreviation of the adjacent pillar 6. It is erected so as to pass to upper and lower beams 8 such as a floor beam and a ceiling beam at an intermediate position. 1 and 2 show the outer wall of the first floor portion of the building, and the shaft 5 of this part has a column 6 and an intermediary column 7 between the base 8a placed and fixed on the foundation 12 and the beam 8. FIG. It is formed upright and the seismic strength of the shaft assembly 5 is improved by using a hole-down hardware 13 at the lower end of an appropriate column 6 and a wing plate bolt 14 at the upper end of the column 6. . The sandwich panel 4 has a vertically long outer shape substantially the same shape as a vertically long rectangular frame formed by adjacent columns 6 and upper and lower beams 8 (in this example, the beam 8 and the base 8a). A convex fitting portion 15 is formed on one end in the direction up and down, and a concave fitting portion 16 is formed on the other end in the vertical direction. By fitting the fitting part 15 and the fitted part 16 that face each other, the adjacent sandwich panels 4 can be connected in a straight line without a gap. Here, the core material 3 is filled between the pair of metal shells 1 and 2 so as to be completely separated from each other, and is a closed cell type hard foaming resin (for example, hard polyurethane foam or polyisocyanate) that serves as a heat insulating material. Nurate foam) or rock wool is preferably used. Preferably, in order to provide the core material 3 with excellent rigidity and strength, a hard foamable resin has a density of 30 to 60 kg / m 3 (for example, a hard polyurethane foam has a density of about 50 kg / m 3 , a polyisocyanurate foam has It is preferable to use those having a density of about 45 kg / m 3 ) and rock wool having a density of 150 to 200 kg / m 3 . The metal shells 1 and 2 are formed so as to cover the entire surface of the core material 3 from the outdoor side surface and the indoor side surface up to the fitting part 15 and the fitted part 16, respectively. An alloy-plated steel plate (galvalume steel plate (trade name)) or the like is preferably used. It is excellent by self-adhesiveness when the core material 3 is a hard foamable resin, and when the core material 3 is rock wool, it is completely adhered and integrated with the metal shells 1 and 2 respectively by an adhesive. The sandwich panel 4 is provided with not only heat insulation performance but also excellent rigidity and strength. When a plurality of sandwich panels 4 are connected by fitting the fitting portion 15 and the fitted portion 16 to form a continuous wall base, the fitting portion 15 and the fitted portion 16 Since the core material 3 is interposed between the pair of metal shells 1 and 2 including the fitting portion, it has high heat insulation performance and airtight performance without a break on the outdoor side of the wall base that becomes the structural frame. Was able to.

軸組5へのサンドイッチパネル4の固定は、軸組5の周縁部(構造材となる柱6や梁8)にサンドイッチパネル4の外周部4aを合わせるようにして軸組5の屋外側にサンドイッチパネル4を沿わせて位置させてサンドイッチパネル4の外周部4aに亙って適宜間隔をあけて固定用ネジ9をその屋外側から軸組5の柱6や梁8に多数打入すると共に、間柱7と重なるサンドイッチパネル4の中央部4bでその屋外側から軸組5の間柱7に脱落防止用ネジ10を打入することで行われている。軸組5へのサンドイッチパネル4の固定強度は、構造材となる軸組5の主体部分とサンドイッチパネル4の外周部4aとを固定する固定用ネジ9によって主に確保されており、間柱7とサンドイッチパネル4の中央部4bとを固定する脱落防止用ネジ10は後述のように非常時のサンドイッチパネル4の軸組5からの落下を防止するといった補助的な役割を担っている。なお、上述のようにサンドイッチパネル4自体には優れた剛性強度が備わっているので、たとえば固定用ネジ9の打入間隔や打入本数を調整して固定強度を高めて構造材となる軸組5の主体部分にサンドイッチパネル4を剛結合させれば、軸組5にかかる水平荷重や垂直荷重をサンドイッチパネル4で有効に負担できる耐力壁構造にすることもできるのである。   The sandwich panel 4 is fixed to the shaft assembly 5 by sandwiching the outer peripheral portion 4a of the sandwich panel 4 with the peripheral portion of the shaft assembly 5 (the column 6 or the beam 8 as a structural material). A number of fixing screws 9 are driven into the pillars 6 and beams 8 of the shaft assembly 5 from the outdoor side with the panel 4 positioned along the outer peripheral portion 4a of the sandwich panel 4 with an appropriate interval, This is done by driving a drop-off prevention screw 10 into the intermediate column 7 of the shaft assembly 5 from the outdoor side at the central portion 4b of the sandwich panel 4 overlapping the intermediate column 7. The fixing strength of the sandwich panel 4 to the shaft assembly 5 is mainly secured by a fixing screw 9 for fixing the main part of the shaft assembly 5 as a structural material and the outer peripheral portion 4a of the sandwich panel 4, The drop-off prevention screw 10 that fixes the central portion 4b of the sandwich panel 4 plays an auxiliary role to prevent the sandwich panel 4 from dropping from the shaft assembly 5 in an emergency as will be described later. As described above, since the sandwich panel 4 itself has excellent rigidity and strength, for example, a shaft assembly that becomes a structural material by increasing the fixing strength by adjusting the driving interval and the number of driving screws 9 for fixing. If the sandwich panel 4 is rigidly connected to the main body portion 5, a load bearing wall structure that can effectively bear the horizontal load and the vertical load applied to the shaft set 5 by the sandwich panel 4 can be obtained.

サイディングボードやタイル材などから成る外装材11はサンドイッチパネル4の屋外側に配設されるのであるが、本例では、サンドイッチパネル4の屋外側の金属外皮1の表面を粗面にし、この金属外皮1,2に接着剤を介して外装材11を直接貼着させている。屋外側の金属外皮1の表面を粗面にしたことで接着剤の液だれ防止や接着強度を向上でき、施工性良く且つ高い強度で外装材11の固定を可能にしている。サンドイッチパネル4と外装材11との間にはサンドイッチパネル4の屋外側で生じる結露対策のために通気用の隙間を設けるのが一般的であるが、本例のように屋外側で結露が生じないほどの高断熱性能及び高気密性能を備えたサンドイッチパネル4を用いた場合には、外装材11との間に通気用の隙間を設ける必要はなくて外装材11の配設施工の施工性の向上を図ることができるのである。   The exterior material 11 made of siding board or tile material is disposed on the outdoor side of the sandwich panel 4, but in this example, the surface of the metal skin 1 on the outdoor side of the sandwich panel 4 is roughened, and this metal The exterior material 11 is directly attached to the outer skins 1 and 2 via an adhesive. By roughening the surface of the metal shell 1 on the outdoor side, it is possible to prevent dripping of the adhesive and to improve the adhesive strength, and it is possible to fix the exterior material 11 with good workability and high strength. In general, a ventilation gap is provided between the sandwich panel 4 and the exterior material 11 to prevent condensation on the outside of the sandwich panel 4, but condensation occurs on the outside as in this example. In the case of using the sandwich panel 4 having such a high heat insulation performance and high airtight performance, it is not necessary to provide a ventilation gap between the exterior material 11 and the workability of the installation work of the exterior material 11 This can be improved.

建物には地震や強風によって外力がかかるのであるが、この外力は木造軸組パネル工法の建物では外装材11から構造躯体である壁下地(サンドイッチパネル4及び軸組5)に伝播して支えられる。このとき、構造材である軸組5にはしなる等の主に水平方向に近い方向への弾性的な撓み変形が生じ、これに起因してサンドイッチパネル4には剪断負荷が発生する。そして、この軸組5に発生する弾性的な撓み変形は建物の上階ほど振幅の大きな揺れを引き起こすものである。つまり、建物の上下の部位では揺れ(軸組5の撓み変形量)が異なるのであり、これによると、サンドイッチパネル4にはサンドイッチパネル4を垂直面内で回転させるような回転負荷も同時に発生するのである。この回転負荷は、回転端となるサンドイッチパネル4の外周部4aで強く作用し、回転中心となるサンドイッチパネル4の中央部4bではほとんど作用するものではない。つまり、上記回転負荷は、サンドイッチパネル4の外周部4aを軸組5の梁8や柱6に固定する固定用ネジ9には強く作用し、サンドイッチパネル4の中央部4bを軸組5の間柱7に固定する脱落防止用ネジ10にはほとんど作用するものではない。しかして、上記各負荷の協働によってたとえ固定用ネジ9が変形したり抜けたりしてしまっても、回転負荷がほとんど作用しない脱落防止用ネジ10によってサンドイッチパネル4と軸組5との固定状態を維持することができるのである。このように間柱7にサンドイッチパネル4の中央部4bを脱落防止用ネジ10にて固定するといった簡単な構造で、サンドイッチパネル4が軸組5から外れて落下する恐れを大幅に低減できたものである。これにより、繰り返し生じる地震や強風による建物への外力負荷に対しても有効に、外壁の安全性を確保できたものである。   External force is applied to the building due to an earthquake or strong wind, but this external force is propagated and supported from the exterior material 11 to the wall base (sandwich panel 4 and frame 5) which is a structural frame in a wooden frame panel construction method. . At this time, elastic bending deformation mainly in a direction close to the horizontal direction, such as bending, is generated in the shaft assembly 5 as a structural material, and a shear load is generated in the sandwich panel 4 due to this. And the elastic deformation which generate | occur | produces in this axis | shaft group 5 causes the shake | fluctuation with large amplitude toward the upper floor of a building. In other words, the swing (the amount of deformation of the shaft assembly 5) differs between the upper and lower parts of the building. According to this, the sandwich panel 4 is also subjected to a rotational load that causes the sandwich panel 4 to rotate in the vertical plane. It is. This rotational load acts strongly on the outer peripheral portion 4a of the sandwich panel 4 serving as the rotation end, and hardly acts on the central portion 4b of the sandwich panel 4 serving as the rotation center. That is, the rotational load acts strongly on the fixing screw 9 that fixes the outer peripheral portion 4 a of the sandwich panel 4 to the beam 8 or the column 6 of the shaft set 5, and the central portion 4 b of the sandwich panel 4 serves as the intermediate column of the shaft set 5. 7 does not act on the drop-off prevention screw 10 fixed to 7. Thus, even if the fixing screw 9 is deformed or removed due to the cooperation of the above loads, the sandwich panel 4 and the shaft assembly 5 are fixed by the drop-off preventing screw 10 that hardly acts on the rotational load. Can be maintained. In this way, with the simple structure in which the central portion 4b of the sandwich panel 4 is fixed to the spacer 7 with the screw 10 for preventing the drop, the possibility of the sandwich panel 4 falling off the shaft assembly 5 can be greatly reduced. is there. As a result, the safety of the outer wall can be ensured effectively against the external force load on the building caused by repeated earthquakes and strong winds.

なお、本例では脱落防止用ネジ10の打入間隔を固定用ネジ9の打入間隔に比べて大きくし、つまり脱落防止用ネジ10の使用本数を抑制している。具体的に本例では、脱落防止用ネジ10の打入間隔を固定用ネジ9の打入間隔に比べて約2倍程長く設定している。間柱7にサンドイッチパネル4を固定する脱落防止用ネジ10は、構造材の主要部分となる軸組5の柱6や梁8にサンドイッチパネル4を固定させて強固な壁下地を形成させると共に上記サンドイッチパネル4を回転させるような回転負荷が多大に作用するという固定用ネジ9とは異なり、上記回転負荷の作用もほとんど無くまた単にサンドイッチパネル4を軸組5から落下させない程度に取付けするためだけのものである。したがって、脱落防止用ネジ10の使用本数は少なくできるのであり、これにより、ネジの打入施工を軽減して、外壁形成施工の施工性を高めることができたものである。   In this example, the interval between the drop-off prevention screws 10 is made larger than the interval between the fixing screws 9, that is, the number of the fall-off prevention screws 10 used is suppressed. Specifically, in this example, the driving interval of the drop prevention screw 10 is set to be about twice as long as the driving interval of the fixing screw 9. The falling-off prevention screw 10 for fixing the sandwich panel 4 to the inter-column 7 fixes the sandwich panel 4 to the column 6 or the beam 8 of the shaft assembly 5 which is the main part of the structural material to form a strong wall base and the sandwich. Unlike the fixing screw 9 in which a rotational load for rotating the panel 4 acts greatly, there is almost no effect of the rotational load, and it is merely for mounting the sandwich panel 4 so as not to drop from the shaft assembly 5. Is. Therefore, the number of screws 10 used to prevent the dropout can be reduced, thereby reducing the screwing work and improving the workability of the outer wall forming work.

ところで、本出願人は、本例の外壁構造の耐震試験を行っており、この耐震試験によると以下の結果が得られた。   By the way, the present applicant has conducted an earthquake resistance test of the outer wall structure of this example, and according to this earthquake resistance test, the following results were obtained.

ここで、梁8と土台8aとの間に所定間隔に3本の柱6を組み付けて隣接する柱6の中央部分にそれぞれ間柱7を梁8と土台8aとの間に渡すように立設したことで木造の軸組5を形成し、サンドイッチパネル4の外周部4aを約150mmピッチで梁8及び柱6に固定用ネジ9にて固定すると共にサンドイッチパネル4の中央部4bを約300mmピッチで間柱7に脱落防止用ネジ10にて固定することで2枚の同厚のサンドイッチパネル4を軸組5に隣接して固定し、2枚のサンドイッチパネル4の嵌合部15と被嵌合部16とを嵌合させたものを、試験体17としている。なお、この試験体17のサンドイッチパネル4は、厚みが0.5mmの金属外皮1,2を用いると共に芯材3に密度45kg/mのポリイソシアヌレートフォームを用いており、高さ寸法2730mm及び厚み35mmであって2枚を連設した状態で幅寸法1820mmのものが用いられている。また、軸組5は、梁8には断面が105×180mmである角材のベイマツが用いられ、柱6には断面が105×105mmである角材のスギが用いられ、間柱7には断面が30×105mmである角材のスギが用いられ、梁8及び土台8aへの柱6の固定はほぞ差しにした上で釘打ち固定を行うと共にホールダウン金物や羽子板ボルト等の連結補強具を適宜用いて行われており、梁8及び土台8aへの間柱7の固定は各端面を突き合せて釘打ち固定にて行われている。また、脱落防止用ネジ10及び固定用ネジ9には径5.5mmで長さ70mmの同種の木ネジが使用されている。 Here, three pillars 6 are assembled at a predetermined interval between the beam 8 and the base 8a, and the intermediary pillars 7 are erected so as to pass between the beam 8 and the base 8a in the central part of the adjacent pillars 6, respectively. Thus, the wooden frame 5 is formed, the outer peripheral portion 4a of the sandwich panel 4 is fixed to the beam 8 and the column 6 with fixing screws 9 at a pitch of about 150 mm, and the central portion 4b of the sandwich panel 4 is fixed at a pitch of about 300 mm. Two sandwich panels 4 of the same thickness are fixed adjacent to the shaft set 5 by fixing them to the spacers 7 with the captive screws 10 so that the fitting portions 15 and the fitted portions of the two sandwich panels 4 are fitted. A test body 17 is formed by fitting 16. In addition, the sandwich panel 4 of the test body 17 uses the metal shells 1 and 2 having a thickness of 0.5 mm and uses a polyisocyanurate foam having a density of 45 kg / m 3 as the core material 3, and has a height dimension of 2730 mm and The one having a thickness of 35 mm and a width of 1820 mm in a state where two sheets are continuously provided is used. Further, in the shaft group 5, a square bay pine having a cross section of 105 × 180 mm is used for the beam 8, a square cedar having a cross section of 105 × 105 mm is used for the column 6, and a cross section of the intercolumn 7 is 30. × 105 mm square cedar is used, and the column 6 is fixed to the beam 8 and the base 8 a by mortise and then nailing and fixing, and appropriately using a connecting reinforcement such as a hole-down hardware or a battledore bolt. The fixing of the pillar 7 to the beam 8 and the base 8a is performed by fixing each end face to each other by nailing. Moreover, the same kind of wood screw having a diameter of 5.5 mm and a length of 70 mm is used for the drop-off prevention screw 10 and the fixing screw 9.

そして、この試験体17を、図3のように垂直に立てた状態で面内せん断試験機18にセットし、軸組5の土台8aを固定状態にして、軸組5の梁8に対して試験体17の垂直面内の横方向へのせん断力を正逆方向を変えて繰り返し作用させることで(矢印D)、大地震を想定した耐震試験を行った。そして、上記せん断力に降伏して試験体17が変形したときに耐震試験を終了し、試験体17を分解して試験体17で生じた現象を分析することで、以下の結果を得た。   Then, the test body 17 is set on the in-plane shear tester 18 in a state where the test body 17 stands vertically as shown in FIG. 3, the base 8a of the shaft group 5 is fixed, and the beam 8 of the shaft group 5 is fixed. A seismic test assuming a large earthquake was performed by repeatedly applying the shear force in the lateral direction in the vertical plane of the test body 17 by changing the forward and reverse directions (arrow D). Then, when the specimen 17 was deformed by yielding to the shearing force, the seismic test was terminated, and the specimen 17 was disassembled to analyze the phenomenon generated in the specimen 17 to obtain the following results.

図4は耐震試験終了時におけるせん断力に降伏して試験体17が変形した状態の屋外側からの斜視図であり、図5は軸組5から外して水平にした状態のサンドイッチパネル4の屋内側からの斜視図である。これらから以下の現象が分かる。
現象1:いくつかの固定用ネジ9の頭部9aが屋外側の金属外皮1を破って芯材3の中に埋没してしまっている(図4(b))。
現象2:屋内側の金属外皮2には固定用ネジ9のサンドイッチパネル4へのズレによる長孔状の損傷部19が形成された(図5)。
現象3:長孔状の損傷部19はサンドイッチパネル4の中央から遠い位置程大きく形成されている(図5)。
現象4:脱落防止用ネジ10は、その頭部が屋外側の金属外皮1を破って芯材3の中に埋没してしまうことも無く、また屋内側の金属外皮2とのズレによる長孔状の損傷部19も固定用ネジ9が形成させたものに比べて小さくてほとんど形成されていない。
FIG. 4 is a perspective view from the outdoor side in a state where the test body 17 is deformed due to the shearing force at the end of the seismic test, and FIG. 5 is a view of the sandwich panel 4 in a state where it is removed from the shaft assembly 5 and leveled. It is a perspective view from the inside. From these, the following phenomenon can be understood.
Phenomenon 1: The heads 9a of some fixing screws 9 break the metal shell 1 on the outdoor side and are buried in the core material 3 (FIG. 4B).
Phenomenon 2: A long hole-like damaged portion 19 is formed in the metal skin 2 on the indoor side due to the displacement of the fixing screw 9 to the sandwich panel 4 (FIG. 5).
Phenomenon 3: The long hole-shaped damaged portion 19 is formed larger as the position is farther from the center of the sandwich panel 4 (FIG. 5).
Phenomenon 4: The captive screw 10 does not break the metal shell 1 on the outdoor side and is buried in the core 3, and is a long hole due to a deviation from the metal shell 2 on the indoor side. The damaged portion 19 is also small and hardly formed as compared with that formed by the fixing screw 9.

上記現象から以下の結果がうかがえる。
結果1:試験体17にかけた外力によるとサンドイッチパネル4には垂直面内で回転するような回転負荷が生じ、この回転負荷は回転端となるサンドイッチパネル4の外周部4aで強く作用し、回転中心となるサンドイッチパネル4の中央部4bではほとんど作用していない。
結果2:耐震試験終了時には、固定用ネジ9は自身が形成した長孔状の損傷部19の中で移動可能な状態にあり、その頭部9aがサンドイッチパネル4の芯材3中に埋没したものもあるから、固定用ネジ9によるサンドイッチパネル4の軸組5への固定強度は著しく低下している。
結果3:耐震試験終了時でも、脱落防止用ネジ10は変わらずサンドイッチパネル4の中央部4bを軸組5の間柱7に固定させている。
The following results can be seen from the above phenomenon.
Result 1: According to the external force applied to the test body 17, a rotational load is generated on the sandwich panel 4 so as to rotate in the vertical plane. This rotational load acts strongly on the outer peripheral portion 4 a of the sandwich panel 4 serving as the rotation end, and rotates. The central portion 4b of the sandwich panel 4 serving as the center hardly acts.
Result 2: At the end of the seismic test, the fixing screw 9 is movable in the long hole-shaped damaged part 19 formed by itself, and the head part 9a is buried in the core 3 of the sandwich panel 4. Since there are some, the fixing strength of the sandwich panel 4 to the shaft set 5 by the fixing screw 9 is remarkably lowered.
Result 3: Even at the end of the seismic test, the drop-off prevention screw 10 is not changed, and the central portion 4b of the sandwich panel 4 is fixed to the intermediate column 7 of the shaft assembly 5.

すなわち、上記結果によって、地震や強風によって木造軸組パネル工法の建物に外力がかかった際に、サンドイッチパネル4にその垂直面内で回転するような回転負荷が生じ、上記回転負荷が多大にかかった固定用ネジ9が損傷等でサンドイッチパネル4の軸組5への固定機能を果たさなくなったとしても、上記回転負荷がほとんどかからずにサンドイッチパネル4の中央部4bを軸組5の間柱7に固定させ続ける脱落防止用ネジ10によってサンドイッチパネル4と軸組5との固定は維持され、つまり最悪、サンドイッチパネル4の軸組5からの脱落を防止できて外壁の安全性を高め得ることが明らかになった。更に言うと、固定用ネジ9に比べて略2倍に打入ピッチを設定した脱落防止用ネジ10であっても、サンドイッチパネル4に生じる垂直面内で回転するような回転負荷がほとんどかからないことで、試験終了後でも変わらず固定状態を維持することができたことから、もともと脱落防止用ネジ10にはサンドイッチパネル4を軸組5から落下させない程度の固定強度を必要とするだけであって、脱落防止用ネジ10の使用本数を少なくできて外壁形成施工の施工性の向上も図り得ることが明らかになった。   That is, according to the above results, when an external force is applied to the wooden framed panel method building due to an earthquake or strong wind, a rotational load is generated on the sandwich panel 4 to rotate in the vertical plane, and the rotational load is greatly applied. Even if the fixing screw 9 does not fulfill the function of fixing the sandwich panel 4 to the shaft assembly 5 due to damage or the like, the center portion 4b of the sandwich panel 4 is connected to the middle column 7 of the shaft assembly 5 with almost no rotational load. The fixing of the sandwich panel 4 and the shaft set 5 is maintained by the drop-off prevention screw 10 that is kept fixed to the shaft. That is, in the worst case, the sandwich panel 4 can be prevented from falling off the shaft set 5 and the safety of the outer wall can be improved. It was revealed. Furthermore, even with the drop-off prevention screw 10 having a setting pitch approximately twice that of the fixing screw 9, there is almost no rotational load that rotates in the vertical plane generated in the sandwich panel 4. Thus, since the fixed state could be maintained even after the test was finished, the drop-off prevention screw 10 originally only needed a fixing strength that did not cause the sandwich panel 4 to fall from the shaft assembly 5. Thus, it has been clarified that the number of screws 10 used to prevent the dropout can be reduced and the workability of the outer wall forming construction can be improved.

なお、本例の外壁では外壁形成施工の施工性の向上を鑑みて脱落防止用ネジ10の打入間隔を固定用ネジ9の打入間隔に比べて大きく設定しているが、図6のように脱落防止用ネジ10の打入間隔を固定用ネジ9の打入間隔と略同寸法に設定してもよく、これによると先例に比べて脱落防止用ネジ10の使用本数が増えたことでサンドイッチパネル4の軸組5への固定強度を向上できて、軸組5からのサンドイッチパネル4の落下の恐れを更に低減できる。また、図7のように回転負荷が回転中心となってほとんど作用しないサンドイッチパネル4の中央部4b(上下左右の中央部分)にのみ脱落防止用ネジ10を集中して打入しても良い。本例では脱落防止用ネジ10の打入間隔は固定用ネジ9の打入間隔と略同寸法であるが、これら脱落防止用ネジ10はサンドイッチパネル4の中央部4b(上下左右の中央部分)にのみ集中して打入してあるので、結果的に脱落防止用ネジ10の使用本数を抑制できたものである。これによると脱落防止用ネジ10の使用本数のわりに効率良く軸組5からのサンドイッチパネル4の落下の恐れを低減できる。   In addition, in the outer wall of this example, in view of the improvement of the workability of the outer wall forming construction, the interval between the falling-off prevention screws 10 is set larger than the interval between the fixing screws 9, but as shown in FIG. Alternatively, the interval between the falling-off prevention screws 10 may be set to be approximately the same as the interval between the fixing screws 9, and this increases the number of falling-off prevention screws 10 used compared to the previous example. The strength of fixing the sandwich panel 4 to the shaft set 5 can be improved, and the risk of the sandwich panel 4 falling from the shaft set 5 can be further reduced. Further, the drop-off prevention screws 10 may be concentrated and driven only in the central part 4b (the central part of the top, bottom, left, and right) of the sandwich panel 4 where the rotational load is not the center of rotation as shown in FIG. In this example, the drop-in prevention screw 10 has a substantially equal interval between the fixing screw 9 and the drop-off prevention screw 10 at the center portion 4b (upper, lower, left and right center portions) of the sandwich panel 4. As a result, the number of screws 10 used for preventing the drop-off can be reduced. According to this, the risk of the sandwich panel 4 falling from the shaft assembly 5 can be efficiently reduced in place of the number of screws 10 used to prevent the dropout.

本発明の実施の形態の例の外壁であり、(a)は一部切欠正面図であり、(b)は側面図である。It is an outer wall of the example of embodiment of this invention, (a) is a partially notched front view, (b) is a side view. (a)は図1(a)のA−A線断面図であり、(b)は図1(a)のB−B線断面図であり、(c)は図1(a)のC−C線断面図であり、(A) is the sectional view on the AA line of Fig.1 (a), (b) is the sectional view on the BB line of Fig.1 (a), (c) is C-line of Fig.1 (a). It is C line sectional drawing, 耐震試験開始時の試験体をセットした面内せん断試験機の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the in-plane shear testing machine which set the test body at the time of an earthquake-proof test start. (a)は耐震試験終了後の試験体をセットした面内せん断試験機の斜視図であり、(b)は(a)のE部分の拡大斜視図である。(A) is a perspective view of the in-plane shear testing machine which set the test body after a seismic test completion, (b) is an enlarged perspective view of E section of (a). 耐震試験終了後に軸組から外したサンドイッチパネルを屋内側から見た斜視図である。It is the perspective view which looked at the sandwich panel removed from the frame after the end of an earthquake-proof test from the indoor side. 本発明の実施の形態の他例の外壁の一部切欠正面図である。It is a partially notched front view of the outer wall of the other example of embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態の更に他例の外壁の一部切欠正面図である。It is a partially notched front view of the outer wall of the further another example of embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 屋外側の金属外皮
2 屋内側の金属外皮
3 断熱材
4 サンドイッチパネル
4a サンドイッチパネルの外周部
4b サンドイッチパネルの中央部
5 軸組
6 柱
7 間柱
8 梁
9 固定用ネジ
10 脱落防止用ネジ
11 外装材
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outdoor side metal shell 2 Indoor side metal shell 3 Heat insulating material 4 Sandwich panel 4a Outer peripheral part of sandwich panel 4b Center part of sandwich panel 5 Axle 6 pillar 7 Interim pillar 8 Beam 9 Fixing screw 10 Falling prevention screw 11 Exterior Material

Claims (2)

一対の対向する金属外皮の間に芯材を充填してサンドイッチパネルを形成し、木造の軸組の柱間に間柱を立設し、サンドイッチパネルは、幅方向における一方の端部に上下に亙って凸状の嵌合部が形成され、他方の端部に上下に亙って凹状の被嵌合部が形成され、隣接するサンドイッチパネル間で対向した嵌合部と被嵌合部とを嵌合させることで、隣接するサンドイッチパネル同士が一直線状に隙間無く連続する壁下地が形成され、サンドイッチパネルの外周部を軸組の周縁部に固定用ネジにて固定すると共に、サンドイッチパネルの中央部を間柱に脱落防止用ネジにて固定したことを特徴とする外壁構造。 A sandwich panel is formed by filling a core material between a pair of opposing metal shells, and a pillar is erected between pillars of a wooden frame, and the sandwich panel is vertically folded at one end in the width direction. A convex fitting part is formed, and a concave fitting part is formed on the other end part up and down, and the fitting part and the fitting part facing each other between adjacent sandwich panels are formed. By fitting, a wall base is formed in which adjacent sandwich panels are continuous in a straight line without gaps, and the outer periphery of the sandwich panel is fixed to the periphery of the shaft assembly with fixing screws, and the center of the sandwich panel The outer wall structure is characterized in that the part is fixed to the stud with a screw to prevent it from falling off. 固定用ネジの打入間隔に比べて脱落防止用ネジの打入間隔を大きくしたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の外壁構造。   The outer wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the drop-in prevention screw-in interval is larger than the fixing screw-in interval.
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JP5612254B2 (en) * 2008-09-29 2014-10-22 日鉄住金鋼板株式会社 Insulation panel mounting structure and building
JP5715662B2 (en) * 2013-07-01 2015-05-13 日鉄住金鋼板株式会社 Surface material mounting structure
JP7261674B2 (en) * 2018-11-20 2023-04-20 株式会社東北イノアック Exterior wall insulation structure and its construction method
CN110616827A (en) * 2019-10-09 2019-12-27 南京林业大学 Bamboo keel clamping plate shear wall
CN112459384A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-09 山东万事达建筑钢品股份有限公司 Novel purlin-free wall composite board construction system

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