JP4471049B2 - Superabsorbent composite yarn and fiber structure using the same - Google Patents

Superabsorbent composite yarn and fiber structure using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4471049B2
JP4471049B2 JP2000149927A JP2000149927A JP4471049B2 JP 4471049 B2 JP4471049 B2 JP 4471049B2 JP 2000149927 A JP2000149927 A JP 2000149927A JP 2000149927 A JP2000149927 A JP 2000149927A JP 4471049 B2 JP4471049 B2 JP 4471049B2
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Prior art keywords
fiber
superabsorbent
water absorption
weight
composite yarn
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JP2001329439A (en
Inventor
幸治 佐々木
直樹 川中
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Toyobo Co Ltd
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Toyobo Co Ltd
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  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高吸水性複合糸及びそれを用いた繊維構造物に関し、詳しくは、繰返し洗濯しても高吸水特性が維持できる糸、織物、編物などの繊維構造物に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、高吸水性繊維は、特開昭56−58063号公報などでよく知られており、これまで不織布として様々な用途で使用されている。しかし、これまでの用途では、使い捨てがほとんどであり、洗濯して再使用されることはほとんどなく、洗濯耐久性は、特に必要ではなかった。しかしながら、近年、省資源やリサイクルの観点から洗濯耐久性が要求されるようになってきた。
従来の公知の高吸水性繊維では、耐水性に劣り、繊維強度も低いため、洗濯耐久性がなく、かつ紡績糸などの糸に加工することがほとんどできないものであった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、吸水特性に優れ、かつ吸水特性が洗濯耐久性である糸、織物、編物などの繊維構造物を提供するものである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、以下の構成をなすものである。
1. 飽和吸水時の繊維径が吸水率5%以下の時の繊維径の10倍以下である高吸水性繊維を含有し、自重の2.0倍以上の純水吸水倍率と自重の1.5倍以上の生理食塩水吸水倍率の吸水性を併せ持ち、かつ10回繰返し洗濯後の前記純水吸水倍率保持率が80%以上であることを特徴とする高吸水性複合糸。
2. 前記高吸水性繊維が、単繊維繊度が9dtex以下、純水吸水倍率が自重の4.0倍以上及び生理食塩水吸水倍率が自重の3.0倍以上であることを特徴とする前記1記載の高吸水性複合糸。
3. 前記高吸水性繊維が、内層がアクリル系繊維で外層に高吸水性部を配した2層構造繊維であることを特徴とする前記1記載の高吸水性複合糸。
4. 前記高吸水性繊維の外層の高吸水性部が架橋されていることを特徴とする前記3記載の高吸水性複合糸。
5. 前記1〜4のいずれかに記載の高吸水性複合糸を用いた繊維製品。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳述する。
本発明における高吸水性繊維とは、自重の2倍以上の水を吸水できる繊維であり、飽和吸水時の繊維径が吸水率5%以下の時の繊維径の10倍以下、即ち、繊維径最大膨潤度が10倍以下である繊維である。該膨潤度は、2〜8倍が好ましく、より好ましくは、2〜6倍である。膨潤度が10倍を超えると、洗濯による寸法変化が大きく、繊維形態が保持できても洗濯耐久性であるとは言えない。
【0006】
本発明における高吸水性繊維の例としては、カルボン酸基又はそのアルカリ金属塩基などの親水性基含有モノマーとカルボン酸基と反応してエステル架橋結合を形成できるヒドロキシル基含有モノマーなどが共重合され、かつエステル架橋結合が導入されてなる繊維、ポリアクリロニトリル系繊維の外層のみが加水分解され、カルボン酸基又はそのアルカリ金属塩基が導入されてなる繊維などであり、膨潤度が10倍以下のものである。これらの繊維の中で、内層がアクリル系繊維で外層に高吸水性部を配した2層構造繊維が好ましく、更には、高吸水性部がヒドラジン化合物などで架橋されていることが洗濯耐久性及び寸法安定性の点でより好ましい。
【0007】
ヒドラジンによる架橋の場合、窒素含有量の増加量は、0.5〜7重量%であることが好ましい。
【0008】
また、本発明における高吸水性繊維は、単繊維繊度が9dtex以下、純水吸水倍率が自重の4.0倍以上及び生理食塩水吸水倍率が自重の3.0倍以上であることが好ましい。
単繊維繊度が9dtexを超えると、細番手の紡績糸が得にくくなる。
【0009】
本発明における複合糸とは、高吸水性繊維をその他の繊維と複合した糸であり、これらの繊維の紡績糸、混繊糸、芯鞘糸、カバリング糸など、どのような複合の形態でも良い。
【0010】
本発明の複合糸中における高吸水性繊維の含有率は、5〜95重量%であることが好ましく、5重量%未満では、吸水性能が低く、95重量%を超えると製糸性が低下する傾向がある。
【0011】
本発明の複合糸における高吸水性繊維以外のその他の繊維としては、ポリエステル繊維、ナイロン繊維、アクリル繊維、ポリオレフィン繊維などの合成繊維、木綿、レーヨンなどのセルロース系繊維、羊毛、絹などのタンパク質系繊維、カーボン繊維、ガラス繊維などの無機繊維等を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
【0012】
複合糸の太さは、特に限定されないが、織物や編物の場合、10〜50番手が好ましい。この場合、高吸水性繊維の繊度は、9dtex以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは、1〜6dtexである。
【0013】
本発明の高吸水性複合糸は、上記のように高吸水性繊維が複合されているため、自重の2.0倍以上の純水吸水倍率と自重の1.5倍以上の生理食塩水吸水倍率の吸水性を併せ持ち、かつ10回繰返し洗濯後の前記純水吸水倍率保持率が80%以上である特性を発揮することができる。
【0014】
したがって、本発明の高吸水性複合糸を用いた織物や編物は、高吸水性複合糸と同様な吸水特性を発揮することができる。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により説明するが、本発明は、これらには、何ら限定されるものではない。
なお、本発明における測定方法は、以下のとおりである。
(イ)純水吸水倍率
試料を純水中へ浸漬し、25℃に保ち30分間後、ナイロン濾布(200メッシュ)に包み、遠心脱水機(160G×5分、但しGは重力加速度。)により繊維間の水を除去する。このようにして調整した試料の重量を測定する(W1g)。次に該試料を80℃真空乾燥機中で恒量になるまで乾燥して重量を測定する(W2g)。以上の測定結果から、次式によって算出する。
吸水倍率=(W1−W2)/W2
【0016】
(ロ)生理食塩水吸水倍率
前記(イ)において、純水に代えて0.9%生理食塩水を使用する以外は、前記(イ)と同様にして, 生理食塩水吸水倍率を算出する。
【0017】
(ハ)最大繊維径膨潤度
高吸水性繊維の含有水分率が5%以下に乾燥された状態での繊維径(D0)と高吸水性繊維を20℃の純水中に6時間浸漬した後の繊維径(D1)を測定し、次式によって算出する。
最大繊維径膨潤度=(D1−D0)/D0
【0018】
(ニ)洗濯方法
JIS L 0217 103に準拠した家庭洗濯法を10回実施した。
【0019】
(ホ)高吸水性繊維
内層がポリアクリロニトリルで外層が水酸化ナトリウムで加水分解されてカルボン酸基及びカルボン酸基のナトリウム塩基とを有する高吸水部をなし、かつ該高吸水部がヒドラジンによって架橋されて窒素含有量が1重量%増加し、純水吸水倍率が28倍、生理食塩水吸水倍率が11倍、最大繊維径膨潤度が5倍の高吸水性繊維(繊度6dtex、繊維長51mm)を得た。以下、高吸水性繊維FZと記す。
【0020】
実施例1
前記の高吸水性繊維FZ15重量%とレーヨン繊維(ダイワボウレーヨン株式会社製、繊度1.2dtex、繊維長50mm)85重量%とから綿番手で30番手の紡績糸をリング紡績により製造した。
【0021】
実施例2
前記の高吸水性繊維FZ20重量%とコットン(インド産)80重量%とから綿番手で30番手の紡績糸をリング紡績により製造した。
【0022】
実施例3
165dtex、48フィラメントのポリエステルフィラメントを電気開繊させて前記の高吸水性繊維FZを常法により混繊させ、ポリエステル繊維80重量%、前記の高吸水性繊維FZ20重量%のコアヤーンを製造した。
【0023】
比較例1
レーヨン繊維(ダイワボウレーヨン株式会社製、1.2dtex×50mm)だけで綿番手で30番手の紡績糸をリング紡績により製造した。
【0024】
比較例2
コットン(インド産)のみで綿番手で30番手の紡績糸をリング紡績により製造した。
【0025】
実施例1〜3及び比較例1、2で製造された糸に関して、前述の純水吸水倍率、生理食塩水吸水倍率、最大繊維径膨潤度を求め、更に各吸水倍率についての洗濯耐久性について測定した結果を表1に示す。
【0026】
【表1】

Figure 0004471049
【0027】
実施例4
実施例1で得られた紡績糸を用いて、天竺編物及び平織物(100本/60本)得て、実施例1と同様に測定した結果を表2に示す。
【0028】
実施例5
実施例3で得られたコアヤーンを用いて実施例4と同様に天竺編物及び平織物(100本/60本)得て、実施例1と同様に測定した結果を表2に示す。
【0029】
【表2】
Figure 0004471049
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明の複合糸は、吸水特性に優れ、かつその耐久性が高いため、装身具、衣類、寝具、リビング用品、集塵フィルター、花粉症や風邪用マスク、切花輸送用包装材料、蓄冷剤、結露吸収材料、失禁者用シーツ、メデイカル用シーツ、靴インソール汗取り、脇の下の汗取り材、前掛け、フェイスマスク、保水した水分の気化熱を利用した冷却枕、額、足、首などの冷却材、吸水後のゲルの保形性を利用したベットパッド、失禁パンツ、バスマット、歯科用、医療用、介護用吸水材料などの様々の用途に有用である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a highly water-absorbent composite yarn and a fiber structure using the same, and more particularly to a fiber structure such as yarn, woven fabric, and knitted fabric that can maintain high water absorption characteristics even after repeated washing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, highly water-absorbing fibers are well known in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-58063 and have been used for various purposes as nonwoven fabrics. However, in the applications so far, the disposables are mostly used, and they are rarely washed and reused, and the washing durability is not particularly necessary. However, in recent years, washing durability has been required from the viewpoint of resource saving and recycling.
Conventionally known superabsorbent fibers have poor water resistance and low fiber strength. Therefore, they have no washing durability and can hardly be processed into yarns such as spun yarns.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides fiber structures such as yarns, woven fabrics, and knitted fabrics that are excellent in water absorption characteristics and that have water absorption characteristics that are washable.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has the following configuration.
1. It contains highly water-absorbing fibers whose fiber diameter at saturation water absorption is 10 times or less than the fiber diameter when the water absorption is 5% or less. A highly water-absorbent composite yarn having a water absorption capacity of 5 times or more of physiological saline water absorption and having a retention rate of the pure water water absorption capacity of 80% or more after repeated washing 10 times.
2. The high water-absorbing fiber has a single fiber fineness of 9 dtex or less, a pure water absorption capacity of 4.0 times or more of its own weight, and a physiological saline water absorption capacity of 3.0 or more of its own weight. 1. The superabsorbent composite yarn according to 1.
3. The superabsorbent composite yarn according to item 1, wherein the superabsorbent fiber is a two-layer structure fiber in which an inner layer is an acrylic fiber and a superabsorbent portion is arranged in an outer layer.
4. The superabsorbent composite yarn according to the item 3, wherein the superabsorbent part of the outer layer of the superabsorbent fiber is crosslinked.
5. A fiber product using the superabsorbent composite yarn according to any one of 1 to 4 above.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The highly water-absorbing fiber in the present invention is a fiber that can absorb water at least twice its own weight, and is 10 times or less the fiber diameter when the fiber diameter at the time of saturated water absorption is 5% or less, that is, the fiber diameter. A fiber having a maximum swelling degree of 10 times or less. The degree of swelling is preferably 2 to 8 times, and more preferably 2 to 6 times. When the degree of swelling exceeds 10 times, the dimensional change due to washing is large, and even if the fiber form can be maintained, it cannot be said that the washing durability.
[0006]
Examples of the superabsorbent fibers in the present invention include copolymerization of a hydrophilic group-containing monomer such as a carboxylic acid group or its alkali metal base and a hydroxyl group-containing monomer capable of reacting with the carboxylic acid group to form an ester crosslink. In addition, a fiber in which an ester crosslink is introduced, a fiber in which only an outer layer of polyacrylonitrile fiber is hydrolyzed to introduce a carboxylic acid group or an alkali metal base thereof, and the degree of swelling is 10 times or less It is. Of these fibers, a two-layer structure fiber in which the inner layer is an acrylic fiber and the outer layer is provided with a highly water-absorbing part is preferred, and the superabsorbent part is crosslinked with a hydrazine compound or the like. And more preferable in terms of dimensional stability.
[0007]
In the case of crosslinking with hydrazine, the amount of increase in nitrogen content is preferably 0.5 to 7% by weight.
[0008]
Further, the superabsorbent fiber in the present invention preferably has a single fiber fineness of 9 dtex or less, a pure water absorption ratio of 4.0 times or more of its own weight, and a physiological saline absorption ratio of 3.0 or more of its own weight.
When the single fiber fineness exceeds 9 dtex, it becomes difficult to obtain a spun yarn with a fine count.
[0009]
The composite yarn in the present invention is a yarn in which superabsorbent fibers are combined with other fibers, and any composite form such as spun yarn, mixed fiber, core-sheath yarn, and covering yarn of these fibers may be used. .
[0010]
The content of the superabsorbent fiber in the composite yarn of the present invention is preferably 5 to 95% by weight, and if it is less than 5% by weight, the water absorption performance is low, and if it exceeds 95% by weight, the yarn forming property tends to decrease. There is.
[0011]
Examples of the fibers other than the superabsorbent fibers in the composite yarn of the present invention include synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers, nylon fibers, acrylic fibers and polyolefin fibers, cellulosic fibers such as cotton and rayon, and proteins such as wool and silk. Examples thereof include inorganic fibers such as fibers, carbon fibers, and glass fibers, but are not limited thereto.
[0012]
The thickness of the composite yarn is not particularly limited, but in the case of a woven fabric or a knitted fabric, 10 to 50 is preferable. In this case, the fineness of the superabsorbent fiber is preferably 9 dtex or less, and more preferably 1 to 6 dtex.
[0013]
Since the superabsorbent composite yarn of the present invention is composed of superabsorbent fibers as described above, it has a pure water absorption ratio of 2.0 times or more of its own weight and a saline water absorption of 1.5 or more of its own weight. It has a water absorption ratio and can exhibit the characteristics that the pure water water absorption ratio retention rate after repeated washing 10 times is 80% or more.
[0014]
Therefore, the woven fabric and knitted fabric using the highly water-absorbent composite yarn of the present invention can exhibit the same water-absorbing characteristics as the highly water-absorbent composite yarn.
[0015]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited to these at all.
In addition, the measuring method in this invention is as follows.
(A) A pure water absorption magnification sample is immersed in pure water, kept at 25 ° C., and after 30 minutes, wrapped in a nylon filter cloth (200 mesh), and centrifugal dehydrator (160 G × 5 minutes, where G is gravitational acceleration). To remove water between the fibers. The weight of the sample thus adjusted is measured (W1g). Next, the sample is dried to a constant weight in an 80 ° C. vacuum dryer, and the weight is measured (W2 g). From the above measurement results, calculation is performed according to the following equation.
Water absorption magnification = (W1-W2) / W2
[0016]
(B) Saline water absorption capacity In the above (a), the physiological water absorption capacity is calculated in the same manner as in (a) except that 0.9% physiological saline is used instead of pure water.
[0017]
(C) Maximum fiber diameter swelling degree After immersing the fiber diameter (D0) in a state where the moisture content of the superabsorbent fiber is 5% or less and the superabsorbent fiber in pure water at 20 ° C. for 6 hours The fiber diameter (D1) is measured and calculated by the following formula.
Maximum fiber diameter swelling degree = (D1-D0) / D0
[0018]
(D) Laundry method The home washing method based on JIS L 0217 103 was carried out 10 times.
[0019]
(E) The superabsorbent fiber inner layer is polyacrylonitrile and the outer layer is hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to form a superabsorbent part having a carboxylic acid group and a sodium base of the carboxylic acid group, and the superabsorbent part is crosslinked by hydrazine The water content is increased by 1% by weight, the water absorption ratio of pure water is 28 times, the water absorption ratio of physiological saline is 11 times, and the maximum fiber diameter swelling degree is 5 times (high fineness fiber 6dtex, fiber length 51mm). Got. Hereinafter, it is described as a superabsorbent fiber FZ.
[0020]
Example 1
From the above superabsorbent fiber FZ 15% by weight and rayon fiber (manufactured by Daiwabo Rayon Co., Ltd., fineness 1.2 dtex, fiber length 50 mm), a cotton yarn of 30th was produced by ring spinning.
[0021]
Example 2
A 30-th spun yarn was produced by ring spinning from 20 wt% of the superabsorbent fiber FZ and 80 wt% of cotton (produced in India).
[0022]
Example 3
A polyester filament of 165 dtex, 48 filaments was electroopened, and the superabsorbent fiber FZ was mixed by a conventional method to produce a core yarn of 80% by weight of polyester fiber and 20% by weight of the superabsorbent fiber FZ.
[0023]
Comparative Example 1
A 30-th spun yarn was produced by ring spinning using only rayon fiber (Daiwabo Rayon Co., Ltd., 1.2 dtex × 50 mm).
[0024]
Comparative Example 2
Only cotton (from India) was produced by ring spinning.
[0025]
For the yarns produced in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the pure water absorption magnification, physiological saline water absorption magnification, and maximum fiber diameter swelling degree were determined, and the washing durability for each water absorption magnification was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0026]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004471049
[0027]
Example 4
Table 2 shows the results obtained by using the spun yarn obtained in Example 1 to obtain a woven fabric and a plain fabric (100/60) and measuring the same as in Example 1.
[0028]
Example 5
Table 2 shows the results of measurement using the core yarn obtained in Example 3 in the same manner as in Example 4 to obtain a woven fabric and a plain fabric (100/60).
[0029]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004471049
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
The composite yarn of the present invention has excellent water absorption characteristics and high durability, so that it can be used for jewelry, clothing, bedding, living supplies, dust filters, hay fever and cold masks, packaging materials for transporting cut flowers, cool storage agents, condensation Absorbent materials, incontinence sheets, medical sheets, shoe insole sweat remover, underarm sweat remover, apron, face mask, cooling pillow using heat of vaporization of retained water, coolant for forehead, legs, neck, etc. after water absorption It is useful for various applications such as bed pads, incontinence pants, bath mats, dental, medical and nursing water-absorbing materials utilizing the shape retention of gel.

Claims (3)

飽和吸水時の繊維径が吸水率5%以下の時の繊維径の10倍以下である高吸水性繊維を含有し、自重の2.0倍以上の純水吸水倍率と自重の1.5倍以上の生理食塩水吸水倍率の吸水性を併せ持ち、かつ10回繰返し洗濯後の前記純水吸水倍率保持率が80%以上であり、前記高吸水性繊維が、内層がアクリル繊維で外層に高吸水性部を配した2層構造繊維であり、前記高吸水性繊維の外層の高吸水性部がヒドラジンによって架橋されていることを特徴とする高吸水性複合糸。Contains superabsorbent fibers whose fiber diameter at saturation water absorption is 10 times or less than the fiber diameter when water absorption is 5% or less, pure water absorption capacity of 2.0 times or more of its own weight, and 1.5 times its own weight. In addition to the above water absorption capacity of physiological saline, the water retention ratio of pure water after 10 times of washing is 80% or more, and the superabsorbent fiber is an acrylic fiber in the inner layer and a high water absorption capacity in the outer layer. A superabsorbent composite yarn, characterized in that the superabsorbent part is a two-layer structured fiber, and the superabsorbent part of the outer layer of the superabsorbent fiber is crosslinked with hydrazine . 前記高吸水性繊維が、単繊維繊度が9dtex以下、純水吸水倍率が自重の4.0倍以上及び生理食塩水吸水倍率が自重の3.0倍以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の高吸水性複合糸。The high water-absorbing fiber has a single fiber fineness of 9 dtex or less, a pure water absorption ratio of 4.0 times or more of its own weight, and a physiological saline water absorption ratio of 3.0 or more of its own weight. The superabsorbent composite yarn described. 請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の高吸水性複合糸を用いた繊維製品。Fiber product using a high water-absorbing composite yarn according to any one of claims 1-2.
JP2000149927A 2000-05-22 2000-05-22 Superabsorbent composite yarn and fiber structure using the same Expired - Fee Related JP4471049B2 (en)

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