JP4469367B2 - Print TTI indicator - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to time-temperature integrating indicators, also known as TTI indicators, which are easily printable on substrates, such as packaging materials, and to a method for the manufacture of packaging materials comprising printed TTI indicators. The printed TTI indicator is selectively activated at the time of packaging of a perishable product or alternatively at the time of opening of the package of a perishable product.

Description

  The present invention relates to a temperature time integration indicator, also known as a TTI indicator. The indicator can be easily printed on a substrate such as a packaging material. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a packaging material having a printed TTI indicator. The printed TTI indicator is selectively activated when packaging perishable products or when opening perishable product packaging.

  Color change or color temperature sensitive indicators for monitoring the handling of perishable items are known in the prior art. Such perishable items are, for example, foods, pharmaceutical preparations, biological materials, chemicals, paints, adhesives, cosmetics, food additives, photographic supplies, and vaccines. Interest in indicator systems and devices that monitor temperature and time as a cumulative value of articles is growing and is stored at a constant temperature for a specific period of time. In particular, such an indicator system is used to signal when an article has reached a point where quality has deteriorated or is unsafe due to over-temperature exposure.

  Several systems and devices for temperature time integration indicators have been proposed. They are usually either attached as adhesive labels on the surface of consumer packaging for perishable items or incorporated on the packaging during the manufacture of the item, when the packaging is exposed to temperature Or when the end of the storage period has been reached. Most of the available TTIs are colorimetric labels that respond to cumulative exposure over time and temperature. TTI typically provides a visual indicator that is faster at elevated temperatures, slower at lower temperatures, and gradually changes over time. Products are commercially available and they employ enzyme color indicators to indicate higher temperature exposure of temperature sensitive items stored or shipped. The enzyme indicator is activated early in the monitoring period by applying pressure to the plastic bubble strip and releasing the enzyme, substrate, and indicator to react with each other. Other indicator systems are based on polymerization reactions and the system must be stored frozen before use. Products based on dyed wax that diffuses along a piece of paper are also known.

  An improved indicator system using the concept of two different indicator technologies is disclosed in EP 0 484 578. Such an indicator device has a printable multi-layer conversion system with independently acting integration indicators and other threshold indicators. In a preferred embodiment, the diacetylenic monomer is printed on the transparent film as an initial indicia for long-term storage. Depending on time and temperature, the material changes color gradually and irreversibly. The second indicator is set to trigger very quickly at a given temperature. The combined indicator device provides a signal output.

  U.S. Pat. No. 5,756,356 discloses an indicator material and a method for indicating time or temperature time accumulation as a color change. This includes the step of providing a dye (active substance A) and an oxidizing agent (active substance B) capable of oxidative polymerization in a non-contact state, where the active substance A and / or the active substance B is a resin or liquid medium. Held on a carrier that can be When actuated, A and B are brought into contact with each other. In the aforementioned indicator material, there can be a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, a powder, and a microcapsule between the first layer having the agent A in the carrier and the second layer having the agent B in the carrier. There is a third layer called the spacer layer. The indicator material can be printed by a printing method that uses a source marking ink such as gravure ink, offset ink, screen ink, lithographic ink, or flexographic ink as a carrier, or stamp ink, carbon-free. It can be obtained by printing methods using on-demand inks such as paper ink, inkjet ink, wire dot ink, typewriter ink, or thermal ink. The layer with the active substance B can be formed directly on the surface of the tape-type layer with the active substance A by the printing method just before the start of the measurement of the accumulated temperature time. The layer with active substance A can be formed on a transparent substrate by a printing method, and the resulting laminate is placed above the tape-type layer with active substance A just before the start of time-temperature accumulation and measurement. It is attached to the surface. The layer having the active substance A and the layer having the active substance B can be formed on the transparent film by any one of a silk screen printing method, a gravure printing method, and an offset printing method. However, controlling the reaction rate of the oxidation reaction can be difficult and the color change may not be rapid enough.

  The recording material is given in EP 1048477 (Patent Document 3). The material is suitable for use in a thermal imaging device and has at least one indicator composite. The indicator composite can be switched from a stopped state to an activated state by application of heat with a thermal imaging device. The recording material refers to any substrate that is suitable for use in a thermal imaging device and can take the form of an article or product packaging such as a cardboard box or label. The substrate can include all types of paper, thermal and non-thermal paper, or adhesive labels. A preferred indicator composite is a motion indicator composite that provides a color change from a chemical reaction in response to important exposure factors such as accumulated time and temperature. It may be convenient to apply the indicator composite in the form of a message printed on the recording material, or the layer of indicator composite on the recording material may be actuated in the form of a printed message. Such methods always require the use of a thermal imaging device.

  WO 01/64430 (Patent Document 4) discloses an indicator system. The system is attached to a unit of perishable product that is sensitive to heat and is activated upon the commercial introduction of the unit to begin monitoring the unit's cumulative exposure to harmful temperatures. Such an indicator system uses a self-adhesive thermosensitive label paper having a colored high temperature printing configuration and a second actuation in the form of a self-adhesive tab or label having a substrate, an adhesive configuration, and an operating component. And, when applied to a thermal coating, is combined with the initial configuration to allow a color development reaction. Application of the second element can be carried out directly in liquid form using clear ink with working components.

  An indicator device used for steam disinfection is disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,410,493 (Patent Document 5). The aforementioned device has a water permeable core material treated with a suitable indicator chemical such as sebacic acid and is adapted to provide an indication of color change, etc. when exposed to certain components in the environment. The core is sealed between two layers of impervious material and the device can have a polymeric material or a metal foil substrate.

Multiple operable temperature time indicator systems have been proposed. Most of the systems have labels to be attached to complex indicator systems or perishable products, and co-reactive components are often very similar, but use additional intervening layers to maintain reactive separation And enclose the membrane and the like. Such TTI systems and devices are often costly to manufacture, complex to operate, and tend to operate unexpectedly early. In addition, adhesive labels tend to peel from the article. Based on the above, it can be seen that there is a need for a low-cost and reliable temperature time indicator. Such an indicator can be printed directly on the packaging material, can be manufactured cost-effectively, can be operated easily, and does not require labeling or use of any additional equipment.
European Patent No. 0484578 US Pat. No. 5,756,356 European Patent No. 10484477 International Publication No. 01/64430 Pamphlet U.S. Pat. No. 4,410,493

  The present invention aims to provide a TTI indicator. The TTI indicator can be printed directly on the substrate material and can be activated at a desired moment by printing, or such a TTI indicator can be printed between layers of non-print material. It can also be activated at the desired moment by opening the package with the indicator. The aforementioned TTI indicator provides a quick and clear indication of expiration.

  It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a TTI indicator. The indicator can be printed directly on the substrate material and can be activated at a desired moment by printing, or such a TTI indicator can be printed between layers of non-print material, It can also be activated at the desired moment by opening the package with the indicator, and the indicator provides a quick and clear indication regarding expiration.

  It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for monitoring temperature and time as a cumulative value of perishable products with a TTI indicator according to the present invention. This is the monitoring either from the time when the perishable product is packaged or from the time when the perishable product packaging is opened in other embodiments.

  Characteristic properties of a printed TTI indicator, a method of manufacturing a printed TTI indicator, and a method of monitoring temperature and time as cumulative values for perishable products with a TTI indicator according to the present invention are claimed: Given in the term.

  The TTI indicator can be produced directly on the substrate in connection with the printing of the substrate, easily and appropriately when packaging the finished product, and it is monitored. Therefore, the time of printing is the time of operation.

  In other examples, the TTI can be printed between layers of the substrate. During packaging of the finished product or during the manufacture of the packaging / printing material, the TTI indicator can be printed inside the packaging material and subsequently sealed between the packaging material / printing layer. The TTI is activated at the desired moment by opening a package of perishable products with indicators.

  The TTI indicator according to the first embodiment of the present invention comprises a substrate, an optional protective layer on the substrate, a diffusion layer, an agent A and an agent B on the substrate or on the protective layer or on the diffusion layer, And an optional outer protective layer. In the first embodiment, agent A and agent B are in close proximity to each other but are not in direct contact with each other. In other embodiments, agent A and agent B are in direct contact with each other, either close to each other on top of each other, or mixed.

  It is noted that the problems and disadvantages associated with solutions according to the prior art can be avoided or at least substantially reduced by the TTI according to the present invention. The TTI indicator can be produced directly on the substrate in connection with the printing of the substrate, easily and appropriately when packaging the finished product, and it is monitored. The TTI indicator is printed when the TTI indicator is activated.

  In other examples, the TTI can be printed between layers of the substrate. During packaging of the finished product, or during the manufacture of the packaging / printing material, the TTI indicator can be suitably printed inside the packaging material and subsequently sealed between the packaging material / printing layer. The TTI is activated at the desired moment by opening a package of perishable products with indicators.

  The TTI indicator according to the present invention comprises a substrate, an optional protective layer on the substrate, a diffusion layer, at least one stripe or dot with agent A, or at least one with a geometrical figure and agent B. With stripes or dots or geometric figures and optional outer protective layer. The active substance A and the active substance B are close to each other but are not in direct contact with each other and are on the substrate, the protective layer, or the diffusion layer.

  A TTI indicator according to another embodiment of the present invention comprises a substrate, an optional protective layer on the substrate, a diffusion layer, at least one stripe or dot with agent A or a geometric figure and agent B. Having at least one stripe or dot or geometrical figure, and an optional outer protective layer and outer substrate layer. Agent A and Agent B are in direct contact with each other and are either close to each other or mixed on top of each other, on the substrate, or on the protective layer, Or on the diffusion layer.

  The invention is illustrated in more detail with the accompanying drawings 1 to 3.

  In FIG. 1, a TTI indicator according to the present invention is illustrated. Agent A and Agent B, as stripes, dots or geometric figures, are adjacent to each other but not in direct contact with each other (optionally coated with a protective layer) Printed on D. A diffusion layer C is printed on the active substance A and the active substance B and can optionally be covered by a protective layer.

  In FIG. 2, a TTI indicator according to another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. Agent A and Agent B are printed on the inner substrate layer D1 (optionally covered with a protective layer) in direct contact with each other as stripes, dots or geometric figures on the top of each. Is done. A diffusion layer C is printed on the active substance A and the active substance B and can optionally be covered by a protective layer. The indicator is covered by an outer substrate layer D2 (optionally coated with a protective layer) and may have the same or different material as the inner substrate layer D1.

  In FIG. 3, another TTI indicator according to another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. A mixture of active substance A and active substance B is printed as stripes, dots or geometric figures on the inner substrate layer D1 (optionally coated with a protective layer). A diffusion layer C is printed on the mixed agent A and agent B and can optionally be covered with a protective layer. The indicator is covered by an outer substrate layer D2 (optionally coated with a protective layer) and may have the same or different material as the inner substrate layer D1.

  According to one embodiment of the invention, the diffusing layer is printed by offset, inkjet, flexo, silk screen, gravure, folio, or spray printing on the substrate or any protective layer positioned on the substrate. Appropriately applied, in particular, a suitable printing method is a digitally controlled printing ink jet method. The substrate having a diffusion layer and an optional protective layer can be stored in a warehouse or the like until the finished product is packed. In the first example, in connection with the production of the final package with the product, agent A and agent B, and optional outer protective layer are applied by printing on the diffusion layer and the indicator is activated.

  According to another embodiment of the invention, in connection with the production of the final packaging with the product, the active substance A and active substance B, the diffusion layer and the optional protective layer are on the substrate or on the protective layer. All applied by printing. Suitable printing methods are offset, ink jet, flexo, silk screen, gravure, folio or spray printing, preferably ink jet, particularly preferably digitally controlled printing ink jet methods are used.

  In a first embodiment, activation of the TTI indicator is performed by printing agent A and agent B in association with the packaging of the item to be monitored. Agent A and agent B can be printed in stripes, dots, or geometric figures, and the like. Graphics that require all conventional indicators, including barcodes, can be printed simultaneously.

  In another embodiment, the TTI indicator is printed between the packaging material / substrate layer to open the package, in particular to break the packaging material with the TTI indicator between the packaging materials and to bring the indicator to the ambient air Operated by exposing. In this embodiment, the active substance B is preferably an organic acid that easily evaporates.

  In another embodiment, the combination of TTI indicator and additional temperature indicator is printed on the substrate / packaging.

  The substrate is selected from packaging materials. The packaging material may comprise paper, cardboard, plastic foil, metal, or glass, preferably paper, cardboard, or plastic foil.

  The substrate can optionally have a protective layer. The protective layer is a transparent material with high water vapor barrier properties. Suitable are polyolefins as well as paints containing aqueous solvents. Desirably, paints based on polyethylene, polypropylene, and acrylic are used. The protective layer is applied onto the substrate by a suitable coating or printing method known to those skilled in the art. The method is spray coating, laminating or offset, inkjet, flexo, silk screen, gravure, folio, or spray printing, the preferred printing method being a digitally controlled inkjet printing method. A protective layer can also be applied over the TTI as an outer protective layer to prevent agent A and agent B from drying.

  The diffusion layer is a film having a film-forming substance selected from cellulose derivatives. Cellulose derivatives include, for example, carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, starch, corn protein (zein protein), soy protein, casein, gluten, cyclodextrin, chitosan, lecithin, phospholipid, hydro Gels and sol-gels, gum arabic, agarose, and resins, dissolved in a solvent or mixture of solvents. Suitable solvents are water, alcohols such as ethanol, and glycols such as polyethylene glycol.

  Also, additives selected from lauric acid, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, beeswax, and acetylated monoglycerides can be used to adjust the diffusion rate in the diffusion layer.

  The thickness and density of the diffusion layer can be varied depending on the desired diffusion rate corresponding to the maximum time factor.

  The indicator has an agent A and an agent B. The agents produce a color change that can be detected by visual and / or UV light when brought into contact with each other. In other embodiments, agent A and agent B are in direct contact with each other during operation, and the original color of agent A returns as agent B evaporates from the layer or mixture. Such a color change is equally detectable by visual light and / or UV light.

  In Table 1 below, suitable pH ranges and multiple suitable pH indicators for the present invention are disclosed.

  Agent A is a pH indicator, also called a pH dye. The pH indicator is preferably selected from a group. The group includes methyl red, cresol red, bromothymol blue, neutral red, phenol phthalein, bromocresol red, bromocresol green, bromocresol blue, xylenol blue, thymol blue, methyl It has orange, litmus, and thymol phthalein, particularly preferably bromocresol blue. Agent A may also have a wetting agent, suitably a water or alcohol such as ethanol, or a mixture thereof, and / or a glycol such as polyethylene glycol, suitably during printing operations. To prevent drying of the composition on the print head.

  Agent B is a material with a regulated pH, preferably an organic acid selected from citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid or formic acid, preferably citric acid. Agent B can also have a wetting agent, suitably a water or alcohol such as ethanol, or a mixture thereof, and / or a glycol such as polyethylene glycol, suitably during printing operations. To prevent drying of the composition on the print head.

  Thus, the TTI indicator according to the first embodiment is activated at the time of packaging the article with the substrate material, optionally on the surface or protective layer by printing and applying agent A and agent B. Having a diffusion layer printed thereon. Suitable printing methods are ink jet, offset, flexo, silk screen, gravure, folio or spray printing, preferably ink jet.

Agent A and agent B are desirably incorporated into a carrier and suitably in a printing ink configuration. The printing ink configuration has:
10% to 20% by weight of active substance A or active substance B, or in other embodiments a mixture thereof;
50% to 70% by weight of a water-miscible or water-soluble solvent such as an alcohol such as ethanol, toluene, xylene, or a mixture thereof;
A binder selected from oil, resin, nitrocellulose, polyimide, and acrylate;
An additive or combination of additives selected from plasticizers, waxy materials, antifoam materials, antioxidants, wetting agents, and fillers;
It is.

  The printing ink configuration has low tack, dries quickly and is non-thixotropic.

  According to a first embodiment of the present invention, one or more stripes, or dots, or geometric figures with agents A and B can be printed on the substrate, with A and B stripes. Or the distance between dots or figures can be adjusted to achieve a desired response at a desired time. The active substance A and the active substance B move in the diffusion layer relative to each other. The reaction between agent A and agent B takes place at a given point in time and gives a quick and clear indication of expiration. Diffusion can also be affected by selection of materials with adjusted pH such as an appropriate pH indicator (ph dye) and organic acids. Suitable printing methods are inkjet, offset, flexo, silk screen, gravure, folio, or spray printing, preferably digitally controllable inkjet printing methods.

  The nature of the TTI indicator can be adjusted by the choice of sensitive components A and B and the amount of composite used. The amount can be easily adjusted by changing the gravure pattern in printing, the dimensions of the cells, and the tack or dry / solids of the printing ink.

  Since printing can be performed immediately before packaging or at the time of packaging, each product can change its temperature time sensitivity quickly and clearly.

  The present invention has a TTI indicator printed on a substrate such as cardboard or paper. This is useful as a packaging material for perishable items and is activated by printing an indicator when the item is packaged and brought to market. The printed indicators described above are useful for monitoring the perishable food or goods exposed to dangerous time and temperature conditions that could result in perishable product damage or unacceptable quality degradation. .

  In another embodiment, the TTI indicator is printed between the packaging material / substrate layer and is activated by opening the package. In particular, the indicator is activated by breaking the packaging material having a TTI indicator between the packaging materials and exposing the indicator to the surrounding air. Such an embodiment is particularly suitable for time and temperature monitoring. Time and temperature will result in perishable product damage or unacceptable quality degradation after opening the package. Easily evaporating agent B is released from the TTI indicator resulting in a color change.

  Perishable products include meat, fish, poultry meat, plants, and equivalent foods, food additives, biological materials, adhesives, vaccines, transplant-related organs, and chemicals.

  Ambient visual light or humidity has no effect on the reaction between agent A and agent B.

  Reaction parameters and sensitivity can be easily adjusted during the manufacturing process. The content of the printed information can be changed together during the printing process. With the process according to the invention, the production of TTI indicators is possible, made in a controllable and reliable way, and indicates quickly and clearly about expiration.

  The present invention provides a cost-effective printed TTI indicator on or between substrates. The indicator is easy to use, is environmentally acceptable because the indicator is printed directly on the substrate, and does not require much labor since labeling is not required. Furthermore, because different products have different temperature / time limits and expiration times, and previously required multiple different types of indicator labels, the present invention provides a digitally controllable printing method for printing the contents of an indicator. Is used to provide a way to provide indicators for different products by adjusting the amount of each component, the stripes, or dots, or shapes of agent A and agent B together. The component is also suitable for use in food.

1 is a TTI indicator according to a first embodiment of the present invention comprising a diffusion layer C on an active substance A and an active substance B. FIG. 6 is a TTI indicator according to another embodiment of the present invention with a diffusion layer C on top of the active agent A and active agent B on top of each other. FIG. 5 is another TTI indicator according to another embodiment of the present invention with a diffusion layer C on mixed agent A and agent B. FIG.

Claims (27)

A TTI indicator,
A substrate layer selected from a packaging material comprising paper, cardboard, plastic foil, metal, or glass;
Active substance A and active substance B;
A diffusion layer having a film-forming substance;
Have
The film-forming substance is dissolved in a solvent or solvent mixture, such as carboxymethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, starch, corn protein, soy protein, casein, gluten, cyclodextrin, chitosan, lecithin Selected from phospholipids, hydrogels, sol-gels, gum arabic, and agarose,
The agent A is a pH indicator, and the agent B is an organic acid selected from citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid,
a) the agent A and the agent B are adjacent to each other but not in direct contact with each other, and the diffusion layer is on the agent A and the agent B, or
b) The active substance A is on the upper part of the active substance B and the diffusion layer is on the active substance A, or the active substance B is on the upper part of the active substance A, and the diffusion layer is On agent B, or
c) the mixture of the active substances A and B is on the substrate and the diffusion layer is on the mixture;
TTI indicator. The printed material has a protective layer,
The active substance A and the active substance B are on the protective layer,
The TTI indicator according to claim 1. The diffusion layer has a protective layer thereon,
The TTI indicator according to claim 1. The TTI indicator has an outer substrate layer in the diffusion layer in the above b) and c).
The TTI indicator according to claim 1. The TTI indicator can be activated at a desired time by opening a package having the indicator.
The TTI indicator according to claim 4. Having a protective layer on the outer substrate layer;
The TTI indicator according to claim 4. The TTI indicator can be activated at a desired time by printing the indicator.
The TTI indicator according to claim 1. The protective layer is selected from polyolefins and paints, preferably the protective layer is a paint based on polyethylene, polypropylene or acrylic;
The TTI indicator according to claim 1. The solvent is selected from water, alcohol, and glycol;
The TTI indicator according to claim 1. The agent A is methyl red, cresol red, bromothymol blue, neutral red, phenolphthalein, bromocresol red, bromocresol green, bromocresol blue, xylenol blue, thymol blue, Selected from the group comprising methyl orange, litmus, and thymolphthalein, particularly preferably bromocresol blue,
The TTI indicator according to claim 1. Said agent A comprises a solvent or a mixture thereof and / or a wetting agent,
The TTI indicator according to claim 1. Said agent B comprises a solvent or a mixture thereof and / or a wetting agent,
The TTI indicator according to claim 1.   2. A method of monitoring the perishable product exposure to dangerous time and temperature conditions that would result in perishable product decay or unacceptable quality degradation using the TTI indicator of claim 1. The perishable product includes food, food additives, biological materials, medicines, cosmetics, photographic supplies, coating constituents, adhesives, vaccines, transplant-related viscera, and chemicals.
The monitoring method according to claim 13. A method for manufacturing a TTI indicator, comprising:
At least one stripe or dot or geometric shape with agent A and at least one stripe or dot or geometry with agent B is printed on the substrate,
A diffusion layer is provided on top of either or both of agent A and agent B;
The diffusion layer is printed;
The substrate is selected from packaging materials comprising paper, cardboard, plastic foil, metal, or glass;
The diffusion layer has a film-forming substance, which is dissolved in a solvent or solvent mixture, carboxymethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, starch, corn protein, soybean Selected from protein, casein, gluten, cyclodextrin, chitosan, lecithin, phospholipid, hydrogel, sol-gel, gum arabic, and agarose,
The agent A is a pH indicator, and the agent B is an organic acid selected from citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid,
The at least one stripe or dot or geometric shape having the agent A and the at least one stripe or dot or geometry having the agent B are printed on a substrate. Are adjacent to each other but not in direct contact with each other, or
The at least one stripe or dot or geometric shape having the agent A and the at least one stripe or dot or geometric shape having the agent B are the agent A or One of the active substances B is placed on the other top and printed on top of each other on the substrate, or
At least one stripe or dot, or geometry, having a mixture of agents A and B is printed on the substrate;
Method. The protective layer is printed on the substrate to be printed and the active substance A and the active substance B, and one of the active substance A and the active substance B is disposed on the other upper side and has the protective layer. Printed on printed matter,
The method of claim 15. The protective layer is printed on the diffusion layer,
The method of claim 15. The diffusion layer printed with the diffusion layer or the protective layer is covered with an outer surface layer.
The method of claim 17. A protective layer is printed on the outer surface layer.
The method of claim 18. Inkjet, offset, flexo, silk screen, gravure, folio, or spray printing is used for printing,
The method of claim 15. The protective layer is selected from polyolefins and paints, preferably the protective layer has a paint based on polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic,
The method of claim 15. The solvent is selected from water, alcohol, and glycol;
The method of claim 15. The agent A is methyl red, cresol red, bromothymol blue, neutral red, phenol phthalein, bromocresol red, bromocresol green, bromocresol blue, xylenol blue, thymol blue, Selected from the group having methyl orange, litmus, and thymolphthalein, particularly preferably bromocresol blue,
The method of claim 15. Said agent A comprises a solvent or a mixture thereof and / or a wetting agent,
The method of claim 15. Said agent B comprises a solvent or a mixture thereof and / or a wetting agent,
The method of claim 15. Said active substance A and active substance B are each incorporated into the carrier, preferably in the form of a printing ink, as a mixture of active substance A and active substance B,
The method of claim 15. The configuration of the printing ink is:
10% to 20% by weight of active substance A or active substance B, or a mixture thereof;
50% to 70% by weight of a water-miscible or water-soluble solvent, or a mixture thereof;
A binder selected from oil, resin, nitrocellulose, polyimide, and acrylate;
An additive or combination of additives selected from plasticizers, waxy materials, antifoam materials, antioxidants, wetting agents, and fillers;
27. The method of claim 26, comprising:

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