JP4468535B2 - Unsaturated aliphatic primary amine having a low pour point and process for producing the same - Google Patents

Unsaturated aliphatic primary amine having a low pour point and process for producing the same Download PDF

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JP4468535B2
JP4468535B2 JP2000036740A JP2000036740A JP4468535B2 JP 4468535 B2 JP4468535 B2 JP 4468535B2 JP 2000036740 A JP2000036740 A JP 2000036740A JP 2000036740 A JP2000036740 A JP 2000036740A JP 4468535 B2 JP4468535 B2 JP 4468535B2
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unsaturated aliphatic
primary amine
nitrile
aliphatic primary
mass
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JP2001226327A (en
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克巳 濱埜
二男 涌井
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ライオン・アクゾ株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、不飽和脂肪族ニトリルを水素還元して不飽和脂肪族第1級アミンを製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、長鎖脂肪族基を有するアミン類は、天然油脂から誘導される長鎖脂肪族ニトリルを水素還元することにより製造されている。この長鎖脂肪族ニトリルを水素還元する場合、第1級〜第3級アミンの混合物が得られるが、これらの中、長鎖不飽和脂肪族第1級アミンは、界面活性剤、分散剤、農薬、殺菌、帯電防止、繊維処理剤等の中間体として種々の用途を持つ有用な物質であり、誘導体の取り扱い易さの点から流動点の低いアミンを製造することが望まれている。
一般に、水素化触媒を用いて長鎖不飽和脂肪族ニトリルを第1級アミンに変える反応においては、ニトリル基のアミノ基への還元反応を促進すると、炭化水素鎖の不飽和結合の水添速度も増大し、長鎖不飽和脂肪族第1級アミンの他に長鎖飽和脂肪族第1級アミンも副生し、長鎖不飽和脂肪族第1級アミンを高選択率で得ることができず、また、逆に、該炭化水素鎖の不飽和結合の水添速度を抑制する条件下では、長鎖不飽和脂肪族第1級アミンを高収率で得ることが困難であった。
従来、ニトリル化合物を水素化して脂肪族第1級アミンを製造する方法として、特公昭38−21353、特開平4−266859等に記載の方法が知られている。特公昭38−21353の方法は、アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物又はそれら金属のアルコレート又はアミドを用いて行うものであり、具体的に開示されている生成物は炭素数5〜9のものである。特開平4−266859の方法は、飽和第1級脂肪族アミンの製造法に関するものである。これらの方法で得られるアミンは流動点が高く、特に誘導体化して使用する場合、取り扱い上好ましくない。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、前記従来技術の欠点を克服し、長鎖不飽和脂肪族ニトリルから、流動点の低い長鎖不飽和第1級アミンを製造する方法を提供することをその課題とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、水素化触媒を用い、アンモニアの存在下で炭素数16〜22の不飽和脂肪族ニトリルを水素還元反応させて不飽和脂肪族第1級アミンを製造する方法において、該反応を脂肪族又は芳香族カルボン酸アミドの存在下で行うことを特徴とする不飽和脂肪族第1級アミンの製造方法を提供する。
【発明の実施の形態】
【0005】
本発明において原料として使用する長鎖不飽和脂肪族ニトリルは、炭素数16〜22、好ましくは18〜22の長鎖不飽和脂肪族ニトリルである。このようなニトリルは、公知の方法により、対応する脂肪酸から製造することができる。具体的には、たとえば、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、エルカ酸、牛脂脂肪酸、大豆油脂肪酸、パーム油脂肪酸、トール油脂肪酸又はナタネ油脂肪酸等動植物油脂から誘導される脂肪酸類等から製造されるニトリルを挙げることができる。このうち、オレイン酸、エルカ酸由来のものが好ましい。
また、上述の長鎖不飽和脂肪族ニトリルと、炭素数16〜22、好ましくは18〜22の飽和脂肪族ニトリルとの混合物を使用することもできる。不飽和ニトリルと飽和ニトリルとの混合比は、質量比で長鎖不飽和脂肪族ニトリル/飽和脂肪族ニトリル=100/0〜90/10が好ましい。
また、本発明において使用される水素化触媒は公知の水素化反応触媒であり、例えばニッケル系触媒、銅系触媒、貴金属系触媒等が挙げられる。特に、操作性、経済性等の面から担体に担持されたニッケル系触媒、例えばニッケル−珪藻土触媒、ニッケル−アルミナ触媒およびニッケル−シリカアルミナ触媒などが好ましい。触媒使用量は、原料ニトリル100質量部あたり0.05〜3.0質量部が適当であり、好ましくは0.1〜1.0質量部である。
【0006】
本発明において用いるカルボン酸アミドは、好ましくは炭素数6〜22、より好ましくは16〜22の飽和または不飽和脂肪族または芳香族カルボン酸アミドであり、これらは各々単独あるいは2種以上混合して使用することもできる。
本発明で用いられる飽和もしくは不飽和脂肪族カルボン酸アミドの具体例としては2−エチルヘキシルアミド、ラウリルアミド、ステアリルアミド、オレイルアミド、エルカアミド、ヤシ脂肪酸アミド、牛脂脂肪酸アミドが挙げられる。芳香族カルボン酸アミドの具体例としては、安息香酸アミド等が挙げられる。カルボン酸アミドの添加量は、原料ニトリル100質量部に対し、0.0001〜0.1質量部であるのが好ましく、より好ましくは0.001〜0.05質量部である。この範囲内でカルボン酸アミドを添加すると、炭化水素鎖の不飽和結合の水添防止に十分な効果が得られ、しかもニトリルの還元反応が進みやすくなり、第1級アミンの収率が向上するので好ましい。
【0007】
本発明の製造方法は、原料の不飽和脂肪族ニトリル及び水素化触媒を反応容器に挿入し、不飽和脂肪族ニトリルと水素化触媒を攪拌しながら、水素と反応させてアミン化を行うことにより行う。アミン化工程において、不飽和脂肪族ニトリルの大部分が第1級アミンに変換される。第1級アミンを主生成物として得るためには、反応系内にアンモニアを存在させて反応を行う。アンモニアの使用量は、原料ニトリル100質量部当たり1〜5質量部が好ましく、より好ましくは2〜3質量部である。
【0008】
アミン化工程の反応条件を示すと、反応温度は80〜200℃であるのが好ましく、より好ましくは100〜180℃、反応時間は1〜5時間であるのが好ましく、水素圧力は0〜50kg/cm2(ゲージ圧)であるのが好ましく、より好ましくは10〜40kg/cm2(ゲージ圧)である。
【0009】
反応終了後、生成物を冷却したのち濾過し、水素化触媒を分離する。この濾過は、加圧濾過などの通常の気液分離装置を用いることができる。
【0010】
本発明により製造される長鎖不飽和脂肪族第1級アミンは、炭化水素基の不飽和結合基の立体異性構造のシス体/トランス体の比率がシス体の総和/トランス体の総和=50/50〜90/10(質量比)であり、流動点が10℃以下である。また、生成物のヨウ素価は70以上を示し、不飽和度が高い。さらに、その流動点が10℃以下であり、取り扱いが容易である。本発明のアミンは、飽和脂肪族アミンを含有していてもよく、そのような飽和脂肪族アミンとしては、炭素数16〜22のものがあげられ、本発明の長鎖脂肪族第1級アミンに対して、10質量%程度含まれていても良い。
【0011】
【実施例】
次に、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0012】
実施例1〜4
2リットルの誘導回転式オートクレーブに、オレオニトリル500g、ニッケル−ケイソウ土触媒3g、および表1に示すカルボン酸アミドを充填し、アンモニアと水素をニトリル液中に供給し、反応圧力を40kg/cm2(ゲージ圧)に保持した。攪拌下加熱に伴い、還元による水素圧力の減少が見られたため、水素の圧力を補正しつつ、反応温度を150℃に昇温し、水素圧力の減少が認められなくなるまで約3時間還元反応させてアミン化反応を行った。結果を表1に併記する。
【0013】
比較例1
比較のために、カルボン酸アミドを添加せずに、反応を行った。結果を表1に併記する。
【0014】
比較例2
比較のために、オレオニトリル100質量部に対してステアリルアミドを1質量部添加し、反応を行った。結果を表1に併記する。
なお、ヨウ素価は、ウィイス−シクロヘキサン法により測定した。
シス/トランス比は、プロトンNMR法により測定した。
流動点は、流動点測定装置(離合社製、TYPE RPP-06JL)により測定した。
【0015】
【表1】

Figure 0004468535
【0016】
この結果、不飽和脂肪族ニトリルを原料として流動点が低い不飽和脂肪族第1級アミンが得られる。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
本発明においては、水素化触媒を用いる長鎖不飽和脂肪族ニトリルの水素還元反応を、脂肪族または芳香族カルボン酸アミドを反応系、特に原料ニトリルに添加し、アンモニアの存在下で反応を行うことから、炭化水素基の不飽和結合基の立体異性構造がシス体及び/またはトランス体を有し、その比率がシス体の総和/トランス体の総和=50/50〜90/10であり、ヨウ素価として70以上を示し、かつ第1級アミンへの選択率が95%以上であるとともに、原料ニトリルの90%以上がアミンに転換された、長鎖不飽和脂肪族第1級アミンを主体とする混合物を得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing an unsaturated aliphatic primary amine by hydrogen reduction of an unsaturated aliphatic nitrile.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, amines having a long-chain aliphatic group are produced by hydrogen reduction of a long-chain aliphatic nitrile derived from natural fats and oils. When this long-chain aliphatic nitrile is reduced with hydrogen, a mixture of primary to tertiary amines is obtained. Among these, a long-chain unsaturated aliphatic primary amine includes a surfactant, a dispersant, It is a useful substance having various uses as an intermediate for agricultural chemicals, sterilization, antistatic, fiber treatment agents, etc., and it is desired to produce an amine having a low pour point from the viewpoint of easy handling of the derivative.
In general, in a reaction in which a long-chain unsaturated aliphatic nitrile is converted to a primary amine using a hydrogenation catalyst, if the reduction reaction of the nitrile group to an amino group is promoted, the hydrogenation rate of the unsaturated bond of the hydrocarbon chain In addition to the long-chain unsaturated aliphatic primary amine, a long-chain unsaturated aliphatic primary amine is also produced as a by-product, and a long-chain unsaturated aliphatic primary amine can be obtained with high selectivity. On the other hand, it was difficult to obtain a long-chain unsaturated aliphatic primary amine in a high yield under the condition of suppressing the hydrogenation rate of the unsaturated bond of the hydrocarbon chain.
Conventionally, as a method for producing an aliphatic primary amine by hydrogenating a nitrile compound, methods described in JP-B-38-21353 and JP-A-4-266659 are known. The method of JP-B-38-21353 is carried out using an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or an alcoholate or amide of these metals. Nine. The method of JP-A-4-266859 relates to a method for producing a saturated primary aliphatic amine. The amine obtained by these methods has a high pour point, and is particularly unfavorable in handling when derivatized.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a method for producing a long-chain unsaturated primary amine having a low pour point from a long-chain unsaturated aliphatic nitrile.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a method for producing an unsaturated aliphatic primary amine by hydrogen reduction reaction of an unsaturated aliphatic nitrile having 16 to 22 carbon atoms in the presence of ammonia using a hydrogenation catalyst. The present invention provides a method for producing an unsaturated aliphatic primary amine, which is performed in the presence of an aromatic or aromatic carboxylic acid amide.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0005]
The long-chain unsaturated aliphatic nitrile used as a raw material in the present invention is a long-chain unsaturated aliphatic nitrile having 16 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 18 to 22 carbon atoms. Such nitriles can be produced from the corresponding fatty acids by known methods. Specifically, for example, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, erucic acid, beef tallow fatty acid, soybean oil fatty acid, palm oil fatty acid, tall oil fatty acid, rapeseed oil fatty acid, etc. Nitriles. Of these, those derived from oleic acid and erucic acid are preferred.
A mixture of the above-mentioned long-chain unsaturated aliphatic nitrile and a saturated aliphatic nitrile having 16 to 22, preferably 18 to 22 carbon atoms can also be used. The mixing ratio of unsaturated nitrile and saturated nitrile is preferably long chain unsaturated aliphatic nitrile / saturated aliphatic nitrile = 100/0 to 90/10 in mass ratio.
The hydrogenation catalyst used in the present invention is a known hydrogenation reaction catalyst, and examples thereof include a nickel-based catalyst, a copper-based catalyst, and a noble metal-based catalyst. In particular, a nickel-based catalyst supported on a carrier, for example, a nickel-diatomaceous earth catalyst, a nickel-alumina catalyst, and a nickel-silica alumina catalyst, is preferable from the viewpoints of operability and economy. The amount of the catalyst used is suitably 0.05 to 3.0 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 1.0 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the raw material nitrile.
[0006]
The carboxylic acid amide used in the present invention is preferably a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid amide having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 16 to 22 carbon atoms. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It can also be used.
Specific examples of the saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid amide used in the present invention include 2-ethylhexylamide, laurylamide, stearylamide, oleylamide, erucamide, coconut fatty acid amide, and beef tallow fatty acid amide. Specific examples of the aromatic carboxylic acid amide include benzoic acid amide. The addition amount of the carboxylic acid amide is preferably 0.0001 to 0.1 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.001 to 0.05 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the raw material nitrile. If the carboxylic acid amide is added within this range, a sufficient effect for preventing hydrogenation of unsaturated bonds of the hydrocarbon chain can be obtained, and the reduction reaction of the nitrile can easily proceed to improve the yield of the primary amine. Therefore, it is preferable.
[0007]
In the production method of the present invention, the raw material unsaturated aliphatic nitrile and hydrogenation catalyst are inserted into a reaction vessel, and the unsaturated aliphatic nitrile and the hydrogenation catalyst are reacted with hydrogen while stirring to carry out amination. Do. In the amination step, most of the unsaturated aliphatic nitrile is converted to a primary amine. In order to obtain a primary amine as a main product, the reaction is carried out in the presence of ammonia in the reaction system. As for the usage-amount of ammonia, 1-5 mass parts is preferable per 100 mass parts of raw material nitriles, More preferably, it is 2-3 mass parts.
[0008]
When the reaction conditions of the amination step are shown, the reaction temperature is preferably 80 to 200 ° C., more preferably 100 to 180 ° C., the reaction time is preferably 1 to 5 hours, and the hydrogen pressure is 0 to 50 kg. / Cm 2 (gauge pressure) is preferable, and 10 to 40 kg / cm 2 (gauge pressure) is more preferable.
[0009]
After completion of the reaction, the product is cooled and then filtered to separate the hydrogenation catalyst. For this filtration, a normal gas-liquid separation device such as pressure filtration can be used.
[0010]
In the long-chain unsaturated aliphatic primary amine produced by the present invention, the ratio of the cis isomer / trans isomer of the stereoisomeric structure of the unsaturated bond group of the hydrocarbon group is the sum of the cis isomers / the sum of the trans isomers = 50. / 50 to 90/10 (mass ratio), and the pour point is 10 ° C. or lower. Further, the iodine value of the product is 70 or more, and the degree of unsaturation is high. Furthermore, the pour point is 10 ° C. or less, and handling is easy. The amine of the present invention may contain a saturated aliphatic amine, and examples of such a saturated aliphatic amine include those having 16 to 22 carbon atoms, and the long-chain aliphatic primary amine of the present invention. About 10 mass% may be contained with respect to.
[0011]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0012]
Examples 1-4
A 2-liter induction rotating autoclave is charged with 500 g of oleonitrile, 3 g of nickel-diatomaceous earth catalyst, and the carboxylic acid amide shown in Table 1, and ammonia and hydrogen are supplied into the nitrile liquid, and the reaction pressure is 40 kg / cm 2. (Gauge pressure). A decrease in hydrogen pressure due to reduction was observed with heating under stirring. The reaction temperature was raised to 150 ° C. while correcting the hydrogen pressure, and the reduction reaction was continued for about 3 hours until no decrease in hydrogen pressure was observed. The amination reaction was performed. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0013]
Comparative Example 1
For comparison, the reaction was performed without the addition of carboxylic acid amide. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0014]
Comparative Example 2
For comparison, 1 part by mass of stearylamide was added to 100 parts by mass of oleonitrile to carry out the reaction. The results are also shown in Table 1.
The iodine value was measured by the Wiis-cyclohexane method.
The cis / trans ratio was measured by proton NMR method.
The pour point was measured with a pour point measuring device (type RPP-06JL, manufactured by Kogaisha).
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004468535
[0016]
As a result, an unsaturated aliphatic primary amine having a low pour point can be obtained using an unsaturated aliphatic nitrile as a raw material.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, a hydrogen reduction reaction of a long-chain unsaturated aliphatic nitrile using a hydrogenation catalyst is performed by adding an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic amide to a reaction system, particularly a raw material nitrile, and in the presence of ammonia. Therefore, the stereoisomeric structure of the unsaturated bond group of the hydrocarbon group has a cis isomer and / or a trans isomer, and the ratio thereof is the sum of the cis isomer / the sum of the trans isomers = 50/50 to 90/10, Mainly composed of long-chain unsaturated aliphatic primary amines having an iodine value of 70 or more and a selectivity to primary amines of 95% or more and 90% or more of the starting nitrile converted to amines Can be obtained.

Claims (2)

水素化触媒を用い、アンモニアの存在下で炭素数16〜22の不飽和脂肪族ニトリルを水素還元反応させて不飽和脂肪族第1級アミンを製造する方法において、該反応を原料ニトリル100質量部に対し0.001〜0.1質量部の脂肪族又は芳香族カルボン酸アミドの存在下で行うことを特徴とする不飽和脂肪族第1級アミンの製造方法。In a method for producing an unsaturated aliphatic primary amine by hydrogen reduction reaction of an unsaturated aliphatic nitrile having 16 to 22 carbon atoms in the presence of ammonia using a hydrogenation catalyst, the reaction is performed on 100 parts by mass of a raw material nitrile. It is carried out in the presence of 0.001 to 0.1 parts by mass of an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid amide with respect to the production method of an unsaturated aliphatic primary amine. 請求項1記載の方法で製造される不飽和脂肪族第1級アミンであって、
炭素数16〜22の不飽和アルキル基を有し、
炭化水素基の不飽和結合基の立体異性構造がシス体及び/またはトランス体を有し、その比率がシス体の総和/トランス体の総和=50/50〜90/10(質量比)であり、
流動点が10℃以下であり、
ヨウ素価として70以上を示す前記アミン。
An unsaturated aliphatic primary amine produced by the method of claim 1, comprising:
An unsaturated alkyl group having 16 to 22 carbon atoms;
The stereoisomeric structure of the unsaturated bond group of the hydrocarbon group has a cis isomer and / or a trans isomer, and the ratio is the sum of cis isomers / sum of trans isomers = 50/50 to 90/10 (mass ratio). ,
The pour point is 10 ° C. or less,
The amine having an iodine value of 70 or more.
JP2000036740A 2000-02-15 2000-02-15 Unsaturated aliphatic primary amine having a low pour point and process for producing the same Expired - Lifetime JP4468535B2 (en)

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