JP4468198B2 - Centrifugal force forming aid, concrete, and method for producing fume tube using the same - Google Patents
Centrifugal force forming aid, concrete, and method for producing fume tube using the same Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Natural products O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WODGMMJHSAKKNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylnaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(C)=CC=C21 WODGMMJHSAKKNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000790 Darlexx Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ILFFFKFZHRGICY-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 ILFFFKFZHRGICY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound O=C.C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010169 landfilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/2623—Polyvinylalcohols; Polyvinylacetates
Description
本発明は、遠心力成形助剤、コンクリート、それを用いたヒューム管の製造方法、及びヒューム管に関する。
なお、本発明における部や％は、特に規定のない限り質量基準である。
The present invention relates to a centrifugal force forming aid, concrete, a method for producing a fume tube using the same, and a fume tube.
In the present invention, “parts” and “%” are based on mass unless otherwise specified.
従来、遠心力成形におけるノロ低減又は防止材としてベントナイトを主成分とする技術が提案され、主に、コンクリートパイル、鋼管コンクリート複合パイル、及びコンクリートポールに多用されている(特許文献１参照)。
しかしながら、ヒューム管を製造する場合は、遠心力成形によって脱水した管内面のペースト層を固く締めた後に、刷毛仕上げを行って、水の流れを妨げないように滑らかに仕上げる工程があり、ノロ低減又は防止材を使用すると、軟らかいクリーム状の締まらないペースト層が内面に形成され、刷毛を入れると、ペースト層は内面全体に渡って崩れ落ち、大量のノロとして発生する場合があったり、内径の大きさに対して管厚が薄いため、ヒューム管の遠心力成形時に微振動が入りやすく、ヒューム管の内面を締めようとして高速の回転時間を長くすると、ノロが発生する場合があり、ノロ低減又は防止材としてベントナイトを主成分とする技術は、ヒューム管製造には普及しにくいという課題があった。
Conventionally, a technology mainly composed of bentonite has been proposed as a material for reducing or preventing the formation of centrifugal force, and mainly used for concrete piles, steel pipe concrete composite piles, and concrete poles (see Patent Document 1).
However, when manufacturing a fume tube, there is a process to finish the brush layer after tightening the paste layer on the inner surface of the tube that has been dewatered by centrifugal molding, and finish it smoothly so as not to disturb the flow of water. Or, when the prevention material is used, a soft cream-like non-tightening paste layer is formed on the inner surface, and when a brush is put in, the paste layer collapses over the entire inner surface and may occur as a large amount of paste, or a large inner diameter. Since the tube thickness is thinner than the above, fine vibrations are likely to occur when forming the centrifugal force of the fume tube.If the high-speed rotation time is increased to tighten the inner surface of the fume tube, nose may occur. The technology which has bentonite as a main component as a preventive material has a problem that it is difficult to spread in fume tube manufacturing.
また、ノロが発生し難いように、ベントナイトのノロ防止力を強化する成分として、ベントナイトとグリセリンなどの多価アルコールを併用することが提案されている（特許文献２参照）。
しかしながら、これでは、ノロ防止効果は強化されるが、ペースト層を硬く締め固める効果の面で課題があった。
In addition, it has been proposed to use bentonite and a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin as a component that enhances the ability of bentonite to prevent noro (see Patent Document 2).
However, this enhances the anti-sloping effect, but has a problem in terms of the effect of firmly compacting the paste layer.
さらに、遠心力成形時にポリビニルアルコールを添加する技術も提案されている(特許文献３参照）。
しかしながらこの技術は、ポリビニルアルコールを添加しない場合よりも、多量にノロを発生させ、脱水を促進させて締め固めを促進し、作業効率を高め、かつ、管体のコンクリートの実質的な水セメント比を下げて高い強度を発現させるものであり、ノロ防止とは正反対の効果を示すものである。
Furthermore, a technique for adding polyvinyl alcohol at the time of centrifugal force molding has also been proposed (see Patent Document 3).
However, this technique generates a larger amount of noro than when no polyvinyl alcohol is added, promotes dehydration, promotes compaction, increases working efficiency, and provides a substantial water-cement ratio of the concrete of the tubular body. The strength is lowered and high strength is exhibited, and the effect opposite to the prevention of noro is shown.
また、ヒューム管に使用するモルタル又はコンクリートには、推進管のように、その軸力を高めるために高強度混和材や、埋設管のように、その外圧強度を高めるために膨張材が配合されるが、高強度混和材を配合した場合は、高強度混和材の粉末度がセメントよりも細かく、特に、シリカフュームなどの超微粉末を配合すると締まらないペースト層はより厚くなり、ノロを発生させないで内面を締め固めるということがより困難となる。 Also, the mortar or concrete used for the fume pipe is blended with a high-strength admixture to increase its axial force, like a propulsion pipe, and an expanding material to increase its external pressure strength like a buried pipe. However, when a high-strength admixture is blended, the fineness of the high-strength admixture is finer than that of cement, and in particular, when an ultrafine powder such as silica fume is blended, the paste layer that is not tightened becomes thicker and does not generate any paste. It becomes more difficult to compact the inner surface.
そして、高性能減水剤、膨張材、及びベントナイトを併用した場合は、偽凝結を生ずる場合があり、高性能ＡＥ減水剤とベントナイトの併用では練り混ぜ中に急激なスランプロスが生じ、作業性が悪くなるという課題が発生する。 And when a high performance water reducing agent, an expanding material, and bentonite are used in combination, false coagulation may occur, and when a high performance AE water reducing agent and bentonite are used together, rapid slump loss occurs during mixing, and workability is improved. The problem of getting worse occurs.
なお、ノロとは遠心力成形によって内面に絞り出されてくる水と、セメントや砂の微粉を含むスラリーであり、ノロ、トロ、又はスラッジなどともいわれている。
また、脱水においても、単に水だけが抜けてくるものではなく、固形分を含んだスラリーである。
Noro is a slurry containing water squeezed to the inner surface by centrifugal force molding and fine powder of cement or sand, and is also called Noro, Toro or sludge.
Also, in the dehydration, not only water is removed, but a slurry containing a solid content.
本発明は、ベントナイトを主成分とする、ノロの発生を低減又は防止する遠心力成形助剤をヒューム管に利用するに当たり、ノロを発生させない状態を維持しながら、仕上げが可能なように内面を固く締め固めることと、さらに、ベントナイトと膨張材を併用した場合の偽凝結を改善することを課題とするものである。 The present invention uses bentonite as a main component and a centrifugal force forming aid for reducing or preventing the occurrence of noro in a fume tube. It is an object of the present invention to harden and to further improve the false setting when bentonite and an expanding material are used in combination.
本発明は、セメント、骨材、減水剤、水、及びベントナイトと平均重合度2,000以下の部分鹸化物であるポリビニルアルコールとを主成分とする遠心力成形助剤を配合したコンクリートを用いてヒューム管を製造するに際し、ベントナイトの単位量が１〜12kg/m 3 であり、ポリビニルアルコールが、ベントナイト100部に対して、0.5〜10部である、締め固まらないペ−スト層厚が小さく、かつ、ノロ量が少ないことを特徴とするヒューム管の製造方法であり、さらに、コンクリートに膨張材及び／又は高強度混和材を配合してなる該ヒューム管の製造方法であり、セメントが早強ポルトランドセメントである該ヒューム管の製造方法である。 The present invention relates to a fume tube using a cement containing a cement, an aggregate, a water reducing agent, water, and bentonite and a centrifugal force forming aid mainly composed of polyvinyl alcohol, which is a partially saponified product having an average polymerization degree of 2,000 or less. The unit amount of bentonite is 1 to 12 kg / m 3 , polyvinyl alcohol is 0.5 to 10 parts with respect to 100 parts of bentonite, the paste layer thickness not compacted is small, and A method for producing a fume pipe characterized by having a small amount of noro, and further a method for producing the fume pipe obtained by blending an expansion material and / or a high-strength admixture with concrete, wherein the cement is an early-strength Portland cement. This is a method for manufacturing the fume tube .
本発明の遠心力成形助剤は、ベントナイトと平均重合度2,000以下のポリビニルアルコールとを主成分とするものであり、遠心力成形時、特に、ヒューム管製造時のノロの発生を低減又は防止する材料である。 The centrifugal force forming aid of the present invention is mainly composed of bentonite and polyvinyl alcohol having an average degree of polymerization of 2,000 or less, and reduces or prevents the occurrence of noro during centrifugal force forming, particularly when manufacturing a fume tube. Material.
本発明で使用するベントナイトとは、モンモリロナイトを主成分とする粘土鉱物であり、ブック状の層状の結晶構造を有するものである。
ベントナイトはその層構造の層間に陽イオンと水を取り込んで膨潤するが、ベントナイトを、コンクリートに、単位量で１〜12kg/m3配合することにより、コンクリートの保水力を高め、重力加速度の35倍程度の遠心力で遠心力成形してもノロの発生を低減する効果を発揮する。
天然産ベントナイトは産地によって膨潤度は異なり、ＡＣＣ法で５〜30の範囲である。膨潤度によってもノロ防止力も異なる場合もあるが、膨潤度が小さくても配合量でカバーできるので膨潤度による制限は受けない。
ベントナイトの使用量は、単位量で、１〜12kg/m3が好ましく、性能と経済性より、２〜10kg/m3がより好ましい。１kg/m3未満では膨潤度が大きくてもノロ防止力は低下する場合があり、12kg/m3を超えると、膨潤度が小さくても、同様の軟らかさのコンクリートとするのに単位水量が大きくなりすぎて強度が低下する場合がある。
The bentonite used in the present invention is a clay mineral mainly composed of montmorillonite and has a book-like layered crystal structure.
Bentonite swells by taking in cations and water between the layers of its layer structure, but by adding bentonite to the concrete in a unit amount of 1-12 kg / m 3 , the water retention capacity of the concrete is increased, and the gravitational acceleration of 35 Even when centrifugal force molding is performed with a centrifugal force of about twice, the effect of reducing the occurrence of noro is exhibited.
Natural bentonite varies in degree of swelling depending on the production area, and is in the range of 5 to 30 by the ACC method. Depending on the degree of swelling, the anti-noro force may differ, but even if the degree of swelling is small, it can be covered by the blending amount, so it is not limited by the degree of swelling.
The amount of bentonite used is preferably 1 to 12 kg / m 3 in terms of unit amount, and more preferably 2 to 10 kg / m 3 in view of performance and economy. If it is less than 1 kg / m 3 , the swell-preventing ability may be reduced even if the degree of swelling is large. If it exceeds 12 kg / m 3 , the unit water volume is too high to make the same soft concrete even if the degree of swelling is small. It may become too large and the strength may decrease.
ポリビニルアルコール（以下、ＰＶＡという）は、ベントナイトがノロの発生を低減又は防止する際にヒューム管内面に形成する締まらないペースト層を、脱水を抑制しながら固く締め固め、刷毛仕上げができるようにする効果を有する。さらに、ベントナイトと膨張材を併用したときに生ずる偽凝結を防止し、作業性も改善するものである。
ＰＶＡの平均重合度は2,000以下であり、1,700以下で低い方が好ましい。平均重合度が2,000を超えるとスランプロスを改善する効果が小さくなり、かつ、ペースト層を締め固める効果も小さくなる場合がある。さらに、鹸化度が95mol％を超える完全鹸化物よりは鹸化度が95mol％以下の部分鹸化物が好ましい。
ＰＶＡの使用量は、ベントナイト100部に対して、0.5〜10部が好ましい。0.5部未満では内面のペースト層を固く締め固める作用や、ベントナイトと膨張材を併用したときに生ずる偽凝結等を防止する作用効果に乏しい場合があり、10部を超えると強度の低下が大きくなる場合がある。
Polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as “PVA”) allows a brush finish to be formed by firmly compacting a paste layer formed on the inner surface of the fume tube when bentonite reduces or prevents the occurrence of noro while suppressing dehydration. Has an effect. Further, it prevents false condensation that occurs when bentonite and an expanding material are used in combination, and improves workability.
The average degree of polymerization of PVA is 2,000 or less, preferably 1,700 or less. When the average degree of polymerization exceeds 2,000, the effect of improving the slump loss is reduced, and the effect of compacting the paste layer may be reduced. Furthermore, a partially saponified product having a saponification degree of 95 mol% or less is preferable to a completely saponified product having a saponification degree exceeding 95 mol%.
The amount of PVA used is preferably 0.5 to 10 parts with respect to 100 parts of bentonite. If it is less than 0.5 part, the effect of firmly compacting the paste layer on the inner surface and the effect of preventing false condensation caused when bentonite and an expanding material are used together may be poor. There is a case.
本発明で使用するセメントとしては、普通、早強、超早強、及び低熱等の各種ポルトランドセメント、混合セメント、並びに、エコセメントが挙げられる。なかでも、早強ポルトランドセメントは、内面の締まりや平滑度が良く、刷毛仕上げが不要なほどにより滑らかで平滑な内面が得られ、かつ、強度も高くなるので最も好ましい。 Examples of the cement used in the present invention include various portland cements such as normal strength, early strength, super early strength, and low heat, mixed cement, and ecocement. Among these, early-strength Portland cement is most preferable because the inner surface has good tightness and smoothness, a smoother and smoother inner surface is obtained so that a brush finish is unnecessary, and the strength is increased.
また、本発明では、ベントナイトが単位水量を増加させる作用があるので、強度を低下させないために減水剤を使用することが好ましい。
減水剤としては、高性能減水剤や、ポリカルボン酸塩系減水剤である高性能ＡＥ減水剤が挙げられ、リグニンスルホン酸塩等の一般的な減水率の小さい減水剤は効果が得られにくい。
高性能減水剤とは、ポリアルキルアリルスルホン酸塩系やメラミンホルマリン樹脂スルホン酸塩系のいずれかを主成分とするものであり、これらの一種又は二種以上が使用される。
ポリアルキルアリルスルホン酸塩系高性能減水剤には、メチルナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物、ナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物、及びアントラセンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物等があり、市販品としては電気化学工業（株）社製商品名「FT-500」とそのシリーズ、花王（株）社製商品名「マイティ-100（粉末）」や「マイティ-150」とそのシリーズ、第一工業製薬（株）社製商品名「セルフロー110P（粉末）」、竹本油脂（株）社製商品名「ポールファイン510N」など、山陽国策パルプ（株）社製商品名「サンフローPS」とそのシリーズなどが代表的である。藤沢薬品工業（株）社製商品名「パリックFP200H」シリーズの芳香族アミノスルホン酸塩系高性能減水剤もこのカテゴリーに入るものである。メラミンホルマリン樹脂スルホン酸塩系高性能減水剤には、グレースケミカルズ社製商品名「FT-3S」、昭和電工（株）社製商品名「モルマスターF-10（粉末）」や「モルマスターF-20（粉末）」が挙げられる。
ポリカルボン酸塩系高性能ＡＥ減水剤としては（株）エヌエムビー社製商品名「レオビルドSP８」シリーズ、（株）フローリック社製商品名「フローリックSF500」シリーズ、竹本油脂（株）社製商品名「チュポールHP8,11」シリーズ、グレースケミカルズ（株）社製商品名「ダーレックススーパー100,200,300,1000」シリーズ、及び花王（株）社製「マイティ21WH,3000S」などがあり、その他の市販品も使用される。
また、その使用量はベントナイトの配合量に対応して調整されるが、通常、高性能減水剤は、セメント100部に対して、２部前後、ポリカルボン酸塩系減水剤は1.5部前後で液状の形態で使用される。
In the present invention, since bentonite has the effect of increasing the unit water amount, it is preferable to use a water reducing agent in order not to reduce the strength.
Examples of water reducing agents include high-performance water reducing agents and high-performance AE water reducing agents that are polycarboxylate-based water reducing agents, and general water reducing agents such as lignin sulfonates that have a low water reduction rate are less effective. .
The high-performance water reducing agent is mainly composed of either a polyalkylallyl sulfonate system or a melamine formalin resin sulfonate system, and one or more of these are used.
Polyalkylallyl sulfonate-based high-performance water reducing agents include methyl naphthalene sulfonic acid formalin condensate, naphthalene sulfonic acid formalin condensate, and anthracene sulfonic acid formalin condensate. Company name “FT-500” and its series, Kao Corporation product name “Mighty-100 (powder)” and “Mighty-150” and its series, Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. Representative examples include “Cellflow 110P (powder)”, Takemoto Yushi Co., Ltd., trade name “Pole Fine 510N”, Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co., Ltd., trade name “Sunflow PS” and its series. Aromatic aminosulfonate-based high-performance water reducing agents of the product name “Palic FP200H” series manufactured by Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. are also in this category. Melamine formalin resin sulfonate-based high-performance water reducing agent includes Grace Chemicals' product name "FT-3S", Showa Denko Co., Ltd. product names "Molmaster F-10 (powder)" and "Molmaster F". -20 (powder) ".
As polycarboxylate-based high-performance AE water reducing agents, the product name “Leo Build SP8” series manufactured by NM Co., Ltd., the product name “Floric SF500” series manufactured by Floric Co., Ltd., and the product manufactured by Takemoto Yushi Co., Ltd. The name “Chupole HP8,11” series, the product name “Darlex Super 100,200,300,1000” series manufactured by Grace Chemicals Co., Ltd., and “Mighty 21WH, 3000S” manufactured by Kao Co., Ltd. are also available. used.
The amount used is adjusted according to the amount of bentonite. Usually, the high-performance water reducing agent is about 2 parts for 100 parts of cement, and the polycarboxylate-based water reducing agent is about 1.5 parts. Used in liquid form.
本発明で使用される膨張材は通常市販されているものが使用可能である。
市販の膨張材としては、電気化学工業（株）製商品名デンカＣＳＡ#20やデンカパワーＣＳＡ、太平洋セメント（株）社製エクスパンなどが代表的であり、その混和量は、コンクリートなどが膨張破壊しない範囲で使用されるが、膨張材の銘柄やそれを使用するヒューム管等の外圧強度の大きさなどによって適宜調整される。
As the expansion material used in the present invention, commercially available materials can be used.
Typical examples of commercially available expansion materials are Denka CSA # 20, Denka Power CSA, Denka Power CSA, and EXPANSION manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd. Although it is used in a range not to be used, it is appropriately adjusted depending on the brand of the expansion material and the magnitude of the external pressure strength of the fume pipe using the same.
本発明において推進管等を製造する場合は、高軸力を必要とするために高強度混和材を適宜使用することが可能である。
高強度混和材としては、石膏類を主成分とするもの、例えば、電気化学工業（株）社製商品名「Σ1000」、太平洋セメント（株）社製商品名「スーパーミックス」、住友大阪セメント（株）社製商品名「ノンクレーブ」、昭和鉱業株社製商品名「ダイミックス」)や、さらにシリカフュームなどを配合したもの、例えば、電気化学工業（株）社製商品名「インテグラ90」、さらに、シリカフュームやメタカオリンを単独で使用することも可能である。
高強度混和材は、セメントよりも粉末度が大きく保水性を有するので、ノロの低減又は防止の効果を助長する反面、締まらないペースト層が厚くなり、通常、締め固めは困難となるが、本発明と併用することによりペースト層から水が抜け、締め固まり刷毛仕上げが可能となる。
When producing a propulsion pipe or the like in the present invention, a high-strength admixture can be appropriately used because a high axial force is required.
High-strength admixtures are mainly composed of gypsum, for example, trade name “Σ1000” manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name “Supermix” manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Osaka Cement ( Co., Ltd. product name “Nonclave”, Showa Mining Co., Ltd. product name “Dymix”), and further blended with silica fume, etc., for example, Electrochemical Industry Co., Ltd. product name “Integra 90” Silica fume and metakaolin can be used alone.
High-strength admixture has a finer degree of powder than cement and has water retention properties, which promotes the effect of reducing or preventing slag, but the paste layer that does not fasten becomes thick, and usually compaction is difficult. When used in combination with the invention, water is removed from the paste layer, and compaction and brush finishing are possible.
本発明のモルタルやコンクリートを練混ぜるに際し、ベントナイトやＰＶＡの添加方法は特に限定されるものではない。
添加方法の例として、(1)ベントナイトとＰＶＡの混合物を他の材料と共に粉末状で添加する。(2)別々に粉末状で添加する、(3)ベントナイトとＰＶＡの混合物を練り混ぜ水の一部で懸濁してスラリーで添加する、(4)ベントナイトをスラリーで添加し、別にＰＶＡの水溶液を添加する、(5)ＰＶＡの水溶液を減水剤に混合しておいて添加するなどがあり、この中でも(4)と(5)の方法が溶解速度の関係でより好ましい。
なお、ミキサに投入した後の練り混ぜ時間等は常法でよい。
When kneading the mortar or concrete of the present invention, the method for adding bentonite or PVA is not particularly limited.
As an example of the addition method, (1) A mixture of bentonite and PVA is added together with other materials in powder form. (2) Add separately in powder form, (3) Knead a mixture of bentonite and PVA in a part of water and add in slurry, (4) Add bentonite in slurry, and separately add aqueous solution of PVA (5) An aqueous solution of PVA is added after mixing with a water reducing agent. Among these, the methods (4) and (5) are more preferable in terms of dissolution rate.
In addition, the mixing time etc. after throwing into a mixer may be a conventional method.
本発明において、ヒューム管を製造するに当たり、遠心力成形方法は特に限定されるものではない。例えば、型枠をコンクリートが張り付く回転、例えば、ＧN0.６Ｇ前後で回転させながらコンクリートを投入し、投入後、少し高いＧNo.８Ｇ程度でコンクリートを軸方向に延ばしてから高速回転に上げて締め固める。高速回転では内面が硬く締まり、仕上げができるまで回転させる。仕上げは、湿式法では回転を投入回転まで下げ、セメントペーストやモルタルのスラリーを内面に流し込んで再度高速回転に上げて締め固め、最終的には回転を下げて僅かに流し込んだスラリーから発生するノロを排水しながら刷毛で刷毛目を付けて仕上げる。乾式法では回転を下げてセメント粉末又はドライモルタルを管内面に振りかけ、内面の僅かに発生しているノロと混合しながら高速で締め固め、最終的には回転を下げて刷毛で刷毛目を付けて仕上げる。
また、遠心力成形したヒューム管は数時間の前置き養生を経て60〜90℃で蒸気養生され、翌日脱型される。
In the present invention, the centrifugal force forming method is not particularly limited in producing the fume tube. For example, the concrete is put in rotation while the formwork is stuck to the concrete, for example, around GN0.6G, and after the addition, the concrete is extended in the axial direction at a slightly high GNo.8G, then raised to high speed and compacted. . At high speed rotation, the inner surface is tightly tightened and rotated until it is finished. In the wet method, the rotation is reduced to the input rotation, the slurry of cement paste or mortar is poured into the inner surface and again raised to a high speed and compacted. Finally, the rotation is lowered and the slurry generated from the slightly poured slurry. While draining, finish with a brush eye. In the dry method, the rotation is lowered and the cement powder or dry mortar is sprinkled on the inner surface of the tube, and it is compacted at high speed while mixing with the slight amount of the inner surface. Finally, the rotation is lowered and the brush is applied with a brush eye. Finish.
The centrifugally molded fume tube is subjected to steam curing at 60 to 90 ° C. after several hours of pre-curing, and then demolded the next day.
本発明の遠心力成形助剤を配合したコンクリートを遠心力成形してヒューム管を製造すると、(1)ノロの排出工程やその後の洗浄工程が省略されるので、ヒューム管が効率よく製造できる、(2)ノロの発生がないので埋め立てが不要となり地球環境の保全に役立つ、(3)脱水が無く、管体の水セメント比が下がらなくてもヒューム管の軸力強度である圧縮強度や外圧強度に影響を与えないなどの効果を奏する。 When the fume tube is manufactured by centrifugally molding the concrete blended with the centrifugal force forming aid of the present invention, (1) since the draining step and the subsequent washing step are omitted, the fume tube can be manufactured efficiently. (2) No littering is required, so landfilling is unnecessary, which helps to preserve the global environment. (3) No dehydration, and the compressive strength and external pressure that are the axial force strength of the fume tube even if the water-cement ratio of the tube does not decrease. There are effects such as not affecting the strength.
以下、本発明を実験例にて詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in detail in an experiment example, this invention is not limited to these.
実験例１
スランプ５±2.5cm、空気量1.5％、セメントα436kg/m3、水145kg/m3、砂709kg/m3、砕石1,100kg/m3、及び減水剤ａ7.5kg/m3を配合したコンクリートに、表１に示すベントナイトとＰＶＡを配合し、スランプの経時変化と遠心力成形供試体製造時のペースト層厚とノロ量を測定した。さらに蒸気養生後の遠心力成形供試体の圧縮強度も測定した。その結果を表１に併記する。
なお、ベントナイトは１m3当たりのコンクリートに外割で所定量配合し、ＰＶＡは練混ぜ水の一部を用いて固形分10％の水溶液にして、コンクリートを練混ぜるときに練り混ぜ水に混合してから添加して他の材料と一緒に練り混ぜ、スランプを範囲内にするために水量を加減して合わせた。
また、遠心力供試体は、φ20×30Lcmの型枠にコンクリートを15kg投入し、遠心力成形の大きさは、重力加速度の倍数をＧとすると、低速２Ｇ×３分、中速８Ｇ×４分、高速30Ｇ×５分で遠心力成形した。
また、膨張材を44kg/m3併用して同様の実験を行った。その結果を表１に併記する。
Experimental example 1
Slump 5 ± 2.5 cm, air amount 1.5% cement α436kg / m 3, water 145 kg / m 3, sand 709kg / m 3, crushed stone 1,100 kg / m 3, and water reducing agent a7.5kg / m 3 concrete compounded with The bentonite and PVA shown in Table 1 were blended, and the change with time of the slump and the paste layer thickness and the amount of paste at the time of producing the centrifugal force molded specimen were measured. Furthermore, the compressive strength of the centrifugally molded specimen after steam curing was also measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
Incidentally, bentonite predetermined amount in outer percentage concrete per 1 m 3, PVA is in the aqueous 10% solids with a portion of Mixing water, mixed with kneading water when mixing kneading concrete Then add and knead with the other ingredients, and adjust the amount of water to make the slump within the range.
For the centrifugal force specimen, 15kg of concrete is put into a φ20 × 30Lcm formwork, and the size of centrifugal force molding is 2G × 3 minutes at low speed, and 2G × 3 minutes at medium speed, where G is the multiple of gravitational acceleration. Centrifugal molding was performed at a high speed of 30 G × 5 minutes.
In addition, the same experiment was performed using 44 kg / m 3 of an expanding material. The results are also shown in Table 1.
＜使用材料＞
セメントα：電気化学工業（株）社製普通ポルトランドセメント
砂 ：新潟県姫川産川砂、５mm下
砕石 ：新潟県姫川産砕石、13〜５mm
ベントナイトＡ：膨潤度15、国産の天然産
ベントナイトＢ：膨潤度20、国産の天然産
ベントナイトＣ：膨潤度24、ワイオミングの天然産
ＰＶＡイ：重合度400、鹸化度87.5〜90.5mol％の部分鹸化物
ＰＶＡロ：重合度500、鹸化度86.5〜89.5mol％の部分鹸化物
ＰＶＡハ：重合度800、鹸化度85〜88mol％の部分鹸化物
ＰＶＡニ：重合度1,000、鹸化度88〜91mol％の部分鹸化物
ＰＶＡホ：重合度1,700、鹸化度87〜89mol％の部分鹸化物
ＰＶＡヘ：重合度2,000、鹸化度87〜89mol％の部分鹸化物
ＰＶＡト：重合度2,400、鹸化度87〜89mol％の部分鹸化物
ＰＶＡチ：重合度500、鹸化度98mol％以上の完全鹸化物
減水剤ａ：ポリアルキルアリルスルホン酸塩系高性能減水剤
膨張材 ：電気化学工業（株）製、商品名「デンカCSA#20」
<Materials used>
Cement α: Ordinary Portland cement sand manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd .: River sand from Himekawa, Niigata Prefecture, 5mm crushed stone: Crushed stone from Himekawa, Niigata Prefecture, 13-5mm
Bentonite A: Swelling degree 15, domestically produced bentonite B: swelling degree 20, domestically produced bentonite C: swelling degree 24, Wyoming's naturally produced PVA a: degree of polymerization 400, saponification degree 87.5-90.5 mol% partial saponification Product PVA B: Partially saponified PVA having a polymerization degree of 500 and a saponification degree of 86.5 to 89.5 mol% C: Partially saponified product PVA having a polymerization degree of 800 and a saponification degree of 85 to 88 mol% PVA D: having a polymerization degree of 1,000 and a saponification degree of 88 to 91 mol% Partially saponified PVA photo: partially saponified PVA having a degree of polymerization of 1,700 and a saponification degree of 87 to 89 mol%: partially saponified PVA having a degree of polymerization of 2,000 and a degree of saponification of 87 to 89 mol%: degree of polymerization of 2,400 and a degree of saponification of 87 to 89 mol% Partially saponified product PVA h: Completely saponified water reducing agent having a polymerization degree of 500 and a saponification degree of 98 mol% or more a: Polyalkylallylsulfonate-based high-performance water reducing agent expansion material: manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. CSA # 20 "
＜測定方法＞
スランプ ：コンクリートを静置した状態とし、測定時間毎に練り返してJIS A 1101により測定
ペ−スト層厚：締め固まらないペースト層の厚みで金属製のスケールを押し当てて測定
ノロ量 ：メスシリンダーで容積計量
圧縮強度 ：遠心力成形供試体を、前置き養生４時間、昇温速度15℃/h、最高温度80℃で４時間保持した後、蒸気バルブを止めてそのまま養生槽の中で翌日まで徐々に自然冷却してから脱型して１日強度を測定
<Measurement method>
Slump: Concrete is allowed to stand, kneaded at every measurement time, and measured according to JIS A 1101. Paste layer thickness: measured by pressing a metal scale with a paste layer thickness that does not compact. Compressive volumetric strength: Centrifugal molding specimens are kept for 4 hours at the pre-curing stage, kept at a heating rate of 15 ° C / h for 4 hours at a maximum temperature of 80 ° C, and then the steam valve is turned off until the next day. Gradually cool and then demold and measure daily strength
表１より、実験No.1- 9の比較例は、膨張材を併用したベントナイト単独添加であるが、スランプロスが大きく、また、ノロの発生は殆どないが締まらないペースト層は厚く、僅かに発生するノロもペーストのような固形分の多い状態である。
また、ＰＶＡのみを添加した実験No.1- 2の比較例では締まらないペースト層の形成はないが、ベントナイトとＰＶＡを添加していない実験No.1- 1の比較例より、脱水が促進され多量のノロが発生する。これに対して実施例では、ベントナイトに対するＰＶＡの比率を一定にして、ベントナイトの量を変えた場合は、ベントナイトが多くなるほどノロ発生量の抑制とペースト層が硬く締まるという二律背反が達成される。
しかしながら、ベントナイトの量を多くするほどスランプを一定とした場合の単位水量が多くなり、強度が低下してくる。
ノロの発生量を抑制すること、ペースト層を締め固めること、及び強度発現が大きいことの３点から、ベントナイトの使用量は、１〜12kg/m3が好ましく、２〜10kg/m3がより好ましいことが示される(実験No.1- 3〜実験No.1- 8)。
さらに、膨張材を配合し、ベントナイト量を一定にしてＰＶＡの量を多くしていくと、スランプロスはより改善され、締まらないペースト厚も薄くなることが示される。そして多くなりすぎてもＰＶＡは強度を大きく低下させる傾向を示し、ＰＶＡの量は、ベントナイト100部に対して、0.5〜10部が好ましく、１〜８部がより好ましいことが示される(実験No.1- 9〜実験No.1-14)。
さらに、ベントナイトとＰＶＡ量を一定として、ＰＶＡの平均重合度を大きくしていくと、スランプロスの改善効果は順次低下するようになり、平均重合度2,000を超えると作業性を害するほどロスが生ずるようになり、ペースト層の締まりも悪くなる傾向を示す。
以上より、ＰＶＡの平均重合度は2,000以下で小さい方がより好ましい(実験No.1-15〜実験No.1-20)。
また、完全鹸化物は、平均重合度が小さいものを使用することによって、部分鹸化物の平均重合度1,700程度の効果を発揮する（実験No.1-21）。
そして、ベントナイトの膨潤度を変えても同様の効果が得られることも示される(実験No.1-22〜実験No.1-27)。
From Table 1, the comparative example of Experiment No. 1-9 is the addition of bentonite alone in combination with an expansion material, but the slump loss is large and the paste layer that does not tighten but has no thickening is thick. The generated noro is also in a state with a large solid content such as a paste.
In addition, in the comparative example of Experiment No. 1-2 to which only PVA was added, there was no formation of a paste layer that was not tightened, but dehydration was promoted more than in the comparative example of Experiment No. 1-1 to which bentonite and PVA were not added. A large amount of dust is generated. On the other hand, in the examples, when the ratio of PVA to bentonite is made constant and the amount of bentonite is changed, a trade-off is achieved that as the amount of bentonite increases, the amount of noro generated is suppressed and the paste layer is tightly tightened.
However, as the amount of bentonite increases, the amount of unit water when the slump is constant increases, and the strength decreases.
Suppressing the generation amount of slag, the compacting paste layer, and the three points that strength development is large, the amount of bentonite is preferably 1~12kg / m 3, 2~10kg / m 3 Gayori It is shown that this is preferable (Experiment No. 1-3 to Experiment No. 1-8).
Furthermore, it is shown that when an expansion material is blended and the amount of PVA is increased while keeping the amount of bentonite constant, the slump loss is further improved and the paste thickness that is not tightened is also reduced. And even if it increases too much, PVA shows a tendency to greatly reduce the strength, and the amount of PVA is preferably 0.5 to 10 parts and more preferably 1 to 8 parts with respect to 100 parts of bentonite (Experiment No. .1-9-Experiment No.1-14).
Furthermore, when the amount of bentonite and PVA is kept constant and the average degree of polymerization of PVA is increased, the effect of improving the slump loss gradually decreases, and when the average degree of polymerization exceeds 2,000, loss occurs so as to impair workability. As a result, the paste layer tends to be tightened.
From the above, it is more preferable that the average degree of polymerization of PVA is 2,000 or less (Experiment No. 1-15 to Experiment No. 1-20).
Further, by using a completely saponified product having a small average degree of polymerization, an effect of a partially saponified product having an average degree of polymerization of about 1,700 is exhibited (Experiment No. 1-21).
It is also shown that the same effect can be obtained even if the degree of swelling of bentonite is changed (Experiment No. 1-22 to Experiment No. 1-27).
実験例２
スランプ８±2.5cm、空気量1.5％、単位量がセメント436kg/m3、水145kg/m3、砕石1,100kg/m3及び表２に示す砂、膨張材、高強度混和材、及び減水剤のコンクリート配合を用いて、さらに、ベントナイトＣを５kg/m3と、ＰＶＡロを150g/m3（ベントナイト100部に対して３部）とを添加した場合（実施例）と、ベントナイトとＰＶＡを添加しない場合（比較例）について、練り混ぜたコンクリートを用いて、内径400mmの一種Ａ型ヒューム管を常法により製造し、遠心力成形時の内面状態を観察した。その結果と、材齢14日で外圧強度を測定した結果を表２に示す。
ただし、内面仕上げは行わないでノロを排出した後、低速回転で内面を整えてから４時間前置き養生して65℃で５時間蒸気養生し、翌日脱型して屋外養生した。この際、実験例１と同様に遠心力成形供試体を採取して、ヒューム管と同様に養生した材齢14日の圧縮強度も測定した。
なお、ベントナイトとＰＶＡを添加したことによるスランプの変動はミキサの負荷が一定となるように水で調整した。
Experimental example 2
Slump 8 ± 2.5cm, air amount 1.5%, unit amount is cement 436kg / m 3 , water 145kg / m 3 , crushed stone 1,100kg / m 3 and sand, expansion material, high strength admixture and water reducing agent shown in Table 2 In addition, when 5 kg / m 3 of bentonite C and 150 g / m 3 of PVA (3 parts with respect to 100 parts of bentonite) were added (Example), bentonite and PVA were added. In the case of not adding (comparative example), a kind A type fume tube having an inner diameter of 400 mm was manufactured by a conventional method using the kneaded concrete, and the inner surface state at the time of centrifugal force forming was observed. The results and the results of measuring the external pressure strength at a material age of 14 days are shown in Table 2.
However, after draining without finishing the inner surface, after curing the inner surface by low-speed rotation, curing was carried out for 4 hours in advance, steam curing at 65 ° C. for 5 hours, demolding the next day, and outdoor curing. Under the present circumstances, the centrifugal force test specimen was extract | collected similarly to Experimental example 1, and the compressive strength on the age of 14 days age | cured like the fume pipe | tube was also measured.
In addition, the fluctuation | variation of the slump by adding bentonite and PVA was adjusted with water so that the load of a mixer might become constant.
＜使用材料＞
セメントβ：電気化学工業（株）社製早強ポルトランドセメント
高強度混和材：シリカフューム
減水剤ｂ ：ポリカルボン酸塩系高性ＡＥ能減水剤
<Materials used>
Cement β: High-strength Portland cement high-strength admixture manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd .: Silica fume water reducing agent b: Polycarboxylate-based high AE capacity water reducing agent
＜測定方法＞
ひびわれ荷重：常法により、外圧荷重をかけて測定
破壊荷重 ：常法により、外圧荷重をかけて測定
ノロ量 ：ヒューム管を傾け、ノロをバケツで採取し、重量を測定
遠心力成形後の内面状態：金属製のスケールを押し当て、目視観察
<Measurement method>
Crack load: measured by applying an external pressure load by a normal method, measured breaking load: measured by applying an external pressure load by a conventional method, amount of slant: tilting the fume tube, collecting the slot with a bucket, and measuring the weight. Condition: Pressing a metal scale and visually observing
表２に示すように、実施例では、セメント、遠心力成形助剤、及び減水剤の種類に拘わらず内面は硬く締まり、発生するノロ量も少ないことが示される。
また、普通ポルトランドセメントと早強ポルトランドセメントの場合の比較では、早強ポルトランドセメントの方が内面が滑らかであり、より好ましいことが示される。比較例はいずれもノロ発生量が多く、かつ、保水性のある早強ポルトランドセメントや高強度混和材を用いた場合は完全に締まらず、軟らかいペースト層が残る結果が示された。
As shown in Table 2, in the examples, it is shown that the inner surface is firmly tightened regardless of the types of the cement, the centrifugal force forming aid, and the water reducing agent, and the amount of generated noro is small.
Further, a comparison between ordinary Portland cement and early-strength Portland cement shows that early-strength Portland cement has a smoother inner surface and is more preferable. In all of the comparative examples, the amount of generation was large, and when fast-strength Portland cement or a high-strength admixture with water retention was used, the result was that the paste was not completely tightened and a soft paste layer remained.
本発明の遠心力成形助剤は、30Ｇ以上の遠心力をかけても脱水させないことから、強い保水力を持ったコンクリートとなる。
したがって、普通のコンクリートに添加するとブリーディングが抑えられ、その結果、粗骨材の下面にブリーディング水が溜まってできる空隙を少なくすることができるので、モルタルと粗骨材の付着が改善され、曲げ強度の向上の他に、粗骨材下面の空隙を伝って進入する炭酸ガスによる中性化や海水中の塩素イオンなどの浸透に対して、抵抗性を発揮し、耐久性の高いコンクリートを製造することが可能となる。
また、高性能減水剤やポリカルボン酸塩系減水剤を使用したブリーディングの発生しないコンクリートでは、スランプが20cm前後以下では、ダレたり流れたりしないプラスチックなコンクリートが製造可能であり、水量や減水剤量の増加によるスランプロス23cm前後以上とすると流動化するが、元々プラスチックなコンクリートであるので単位セメント量が300〜450kg/m3の少ないコンクリートでも粗骨材が分離し難い理想的な高流動コンクリートが得られる。
Since the centrifugal force forming aid of the present invention does not dehydrate even when a centrifugal force of 30 G or more is applied, it becomes a concrete having a strong water retention.
Therefore, when it is added to ordinary concrete, bleeding is suppressed, and as a result, voids formed by the accumulation of bleeding water on the lower surface of the coarse aggregate can be reduced, so adhesion between the mortar and coarse aggregate is improved, and bending strength is improved. In addition to the improvement of the above, it produces a highly durable concrete that exhibits resistance to neutralization by carbon dioxide gas entering through the voids on the lower surface of the coarse aggregate and penetration of chlorine ions in seawater. It becomes possible.
In addition, with concrete that does not cause bleeding using high-performance water reducing agents or polycarboxylate-based water reducing agents, it is possible to produce plastic concrete that does not sag or flow if the slump is about 20 cm or less. If the slump loss is about 23 cm or more due to an increase in the amount of steel, it will fluidize, but since it is originally plastic concrete, the ideal high-fluidity concrete in which coarse aggregate is difficult to separate even in concrete with a unit cement amount of 300 to 450 kg / m 3 is small. can get.
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