JP4452106B2 - Gas internal combustion engine with optical spectrum analyzer device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is mainly applied to a gas engine and a diesel engine, and is a compact, high-speed electronic measuring device composed of an optical scanner, and burned by using an optical spectrum analyzer device equipped with a high-resolution diffraction grating spectrometer. The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine configured to detect an indoor combustion state, a composition of fuel gas, a composition of exhaust gas, and the like.

Since a gas engine premixes and burns a lean mixed gas, a combustion failure such as misfire or knocking is likely to occur depending on the distribution state of the mixed gas in the combustion chamber. Therefore, it is required to always monitor the combustion state in the combustion chamber and control the injection timing of the pilot fuel or the ignition timing of the spark plug to an optimum value based on the monitoring information.
In such a gas engine, even if the amount of air is controlled by the composition of the fuel gas and the calorific value of the fuel changes due to a change in the composition of the fuel gas, the air-fuel ratio is adjusted accordingly and the required excess air It is necessary to perform stable operation at a rate.

As means for monitoring the combustion state in the constant combustion chamber, the in-cylinder pressure is required by detecting the in-cylinder pressure and adjusting the injection timing of the pilot fuel or the ignition timing of the spark plug based on the detected value of the in-cylinder pressure. Many means have been proposed for controlling the cylinder pressure to be in-cylinder.
However, the means for performing the combustion control using the in-cylinder pressure detection value uses the detection value of the in-cylinder pressure that is an average state of the entire combustion chamber, so that mixing is performed depending on the location in the combustion chamber as in a gas engine. In an engine that tends to induce misfire and knocking due to the occurrence of gas density distribution, it is difficult to completely avoid the misfire and knocking only by using the detected value of the in-cylinder pressure.

  As a means for coping with this problem, for example, a part of the light received by the light receiving element is swept within a predetermined range as disclosed in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-28331), and measured. A means for detecting the intensity of the combustion light at a plurality of locations in the combustion chamber using an optical spectrum analyzer that detects the intensity of light of each wavelength contained in the light can be considered.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-28331

However, the wavelength of the composition component contained in the combustion gas and exhaust gas in the combustion chamber is
CH ₄ = 1.65 μm
NO = 1.8μm
NO ₂ = 1.68 to 0.45 μm
CO = 1.6μm
THC = 1.4 ~ 1.7μm
And concentrated in a very narrow range.

On the other hand, the conventional optical spectrum analyzer as described above has a relatively wide wavelength range of light received and absorbed by the light receiving element. Therefore, even if such a conventional optical spectrum analyzer device is used to detect the composition component of the combustion gas in the combustion chamber or the composition component of the harmful substance contained in the exhaust gas, the composition of the combustion gas as described above. Since the wavelength range of components and components of harmful substances in exhaust gas is densely in the range of 1.4 to 1.8 μm, it is difficult to detect the required components with high accuracy.
Therefore, when such a conventional optical spectrum analyzer device is used, it is possible to obtain detection data for the composition components of the combustion gas and the harmful substances in the exhaust gas sufficient to stably operate the engine and to purify the exhaust gas. It becomes difficult.
And so on.

  In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention improves the detection accuracy of gas component detection data using an optical spectrum analyzer device, and realizes stable operation of the engine, purification of exhaust gas, etc. using such detection data. An object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine equipped with an optical spectrum analyzer device.

The present invention achieves such an object, and mixes fuel gas accommodated in a fuel gas tank with air in a supply passage through the fuel gas passage, and supplies the mixed gas to a combustion chamber of the engine so as to ignite and burn. In the configured gas internal combustion engine,
An incident part for allowing transmitted light (hereinafter referred to as a transmitted light passing part) emitted from a light source and passing through the measured part to enter, a diffraction grating for receiving the measured light incident from the incident part, and the incident light A reflector that receives the diffracted light emitted from the diffraction grating with respect to the measured light and reflects it to the diffraction grating, and the reflected light emitted from the reflector is emitted from the diffraction grating. An optical spectrum comprising: a light receiving element that receives the diffracted light; and a reflector driving means that changes the angle of the reflecting surface of the reflector with respect to the diffraction grating to vary the wavelength of the light received by the light receiving element. With an analyzer,
The transmitted light passing section is installed on the downstream side of the LNG tank and the fuel gas supply system and the excess air ratio control device of the fuel gas pipe constituting the fuel gas supply system path of the gas engine, and is emitted from the light source and supplied with the fuel gas. The transmitted light that has passed through the fuel gas in the system and the fuel gas pipe is received by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer, so that the composition component of CH ₄ (methane) in the fuel gas and air The O ₂ component on the downstream side of the excess rate control device is detected and input to the controller, where the ignition timing of the spark plug and the air are detected based on the detected values of the CH ₄ (methane) and O ₂ (oxygen) components. It is characterized by controlling the excess air ratio and the supply air pressure in the excess ratio control device.

According to this invention, combustion light from OH radicals, CH radicals, etc. generated during combustion in the combustion chamber is detected by an optical spectrum analyzer at high speed and input to the controller, and the controller detects the respective combustion lights. The value is compared with a preset threshold value for misfire in OH radical or CH radical, or knocking threshold value in OH radical.
In the controller, when the detected value of the OH radical or CH radical is lower than the misfire threshold, ignition energy, ignition timing, fuel injection amount, fuel injection timing, supply pressure, supply amount, etc. The engine operating condition is adjusted to avoid the occurrence of misfire, and when the detected value of the OH radical exceeds the knocking threshold value, the engine operating condition is adjusted to avoid the occurrence of knocking.

Therefore, according to such an invention, the optical spectrum analyzer is a small and high-speed electronic measuring device composed of an optical scanner, and includes a high-resolution diffraction grating spectrometer, and is extremely effective in transmitting light (combustion light). Since it has a function capable of detecting a narrow range of wavelengths, even if the range of the wavelength of the combustion light due to combustion components such as OH radicals and CH radicals generated at the time of combustion is concentrated in a narrow range, each combustion component Can be accurately detected for each combustion component.
As a result, detection values of combustion components such as OH radicals and CH radicals, which are detection factors for adjusting the engine operating conditions, can be obtained with high accuracy at a required location in the combustion chamber. It is possible to precisely control the engine operating conditions using the engine, and to realize stable engine operation that reliably avoids misfires and knocking.

  Further, according to this invention, the optical spectrum analyzer has a small and high-speed measurement function constituted by an optical scanner, so that each combustion component can be used for each combustion component even during high-speed rotation operation of the engine. Can be detected accurately.

Preferably, in such invention, disposed transmitted light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer, either one or both of the outer peripheral portion near the central portion near or combustion chamber of the combustion chamber ignition means or the fuel injection valve is arranged To do.
If comprised in this way, the OH radical in every place in combustion chambers, such as high temperature so-called end gas in the vicinity of the outer peripheral part in a combustion chamber, the gas in the center part, etc. will be detected with the said optical spectrum analyzer, and it will input into the said controller The control of the engine operating condition as described above using the detected value of the OH radical by the controller makes it possible to reliably avoid the occurrence of knocking.

The present invention, in the engine, established a transmission light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer to the supply passage of the engine, the transmitted light transmitted through the emitted from the light source the air supply passageway in the optical spectrum analyzer The controller is configured to receive light and includes a controller that analyzes the transmitted light input from the optical spectrum analyzer and detects a gas composition in the supply passage.
In this invention, preferably, the engine includes an EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) system that recirculates a part of the exhaust gas to the supply air passage through an EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) passage. The transmitted light passage part of the spectrum analyzer is installed on the downstream side closer to the combustion chamber than the joining part of the air supply passage with the EGR passage.

According to the present invention, receives the transmitted light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer was installed in the air supply passage of an engine, the transmitted light transmitted through the air supply is fired the air supply passage from the light source by the optical spectrum analyzer Even if the composition components in the supply air, particularly the EGR gas components in the supply air after mixing the EGR gas, are concentrated in a narrow range of wavelengths in these components, the respective composition components Is accurately detected for each component and input to the controller, and precise control of engine operating conditions using such detection and control factors becomes possible.

The present invention, in the engine, established a transmission light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer in an exhaust passage of the engine, receives the transmitted light transmitted through the exhaust passageway is emitted from the light source by the optical spectrum analyzer And a controller that analyzes the transmitted light input from the optical spectrum analyzer and detects the composition of the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage.

In this invention, preferably, a post-processing device such as an exhaust gas purifying device is installed in the exhaust passage, and a transmitted light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer is installed on either or both of the upstream side and the downstream side of the post-processing device. To do.
In this invention, preferably, the optical spectrum analyzer detects unburned CH ₄ (methane) in the exhaust gas as the composition of the exhaust gas from the transmitted light, or NOx (nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas). ), Or one or both of HC (hydrocarbon) and CO (carbon monoxide) in the exhaust gas is detected and transmitted to the controller.

According to this invention, the transmitted light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer is installed at an upstream position or a downstream position of the post-processing device in the exhaust passage, and the transmitted light is emitted from the light source and transmitted through the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage. Is received by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer to remove harmful components such as unburned CH ₄ (methane), NOx (nitrogen oxide), HC (hydrocarbon) and CO (carbon monoxide) in the exhaust gas. Even if the wavelength range of these components is concentrated in a narrow range, each component can be accurately detected and input to the controller, and the engine operating conditions using such detection and control factors Therefore, the engine can be operated while suppressing the emission of the harmful components.

Further, the present invention is configured to ignite and burn the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber by the ignition means, or to inject and burn the fuel into the pressurized air in the combustion chamber by the fuel injection valve. installing parts in EGR engines equipped with air supply EGR for recirculating the passage (exhaust gas recirculation) system through (exhaust gas recirculation) passage (internal combustion engine), a transmission light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer in the EGR passage Then, the transmitted light emitted from the light source and transmitted through the EGR passage is received by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer to detect the O ₂ (oxygen) component in the EGR gas, and the light further comprising a controller for detecting the O ₂ concentration in the air supply passage by analyzing the transmitted light inputted from spectrum analyzer And features.

According to this invention, the transmitted light passage part of the optical spectrum analyzer which is a small and high-speed electronic measuring device composed of an optical scanner and which has a high resolution diffraction grating type spectrometer is installed in the EGR passage of the engine. , by receiving the light transmitted through the EGR gas in the EGR passage is emitted from the light source by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer, the O _{2 (oxygen)} in the EGR gas, the wavelength of the O ₂ component Even a value close to the wavelength of other components can be accurately detected and input to the controller, and the controller can precisely control engine operating conditions using such detection and control factors. The engine that can control the gas amount to the target value can be operated.

According to the present invention , the transmitted light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer is installed in the fuel gas supply system path of the gas engine, and the transmitted light emitted from the light source and transmitted through the fuel gas in the fuel gas supply system path is the light. The light-receiving element of the spectrum analyzer is configured to receive light, and a controller that analyzes the transmitted light input from the optical spectrum analyzer and detects the composition of the fuel gas is provided.

In this invention, preferably, the transmitted light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer is installed in one or both of a fuel gas tank and a fuel gas passage constituting the fuel gas supply system, and the composition of the fuel is measured by the optical spectrum analyzer. Configured to detect changes.
In this invention, preferably, an excess air ratio adjusting means for adjusting an excess air ratio is installed in the fuel gas passage, and a transmitted light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer is disposed downstream of the excess air ratio adjusting means. Install in the gas passage.

According to such an invention, a transmitted light passage portion of an optical spectrum analyzer , which is a small and high-speed electronic measuring device configured with an optical scanner and includes a high-resolution diffraction grating spectrometer, is used as a fuel gas supply for a gas engine. Installed in one or both of the fuel gas tank and the fuel gas passage constituting the system, or in the fuel gas passage on the downstream side of the excess air ratio adjusting means, and emitted from the light source in the fuel gas tank or the fuel gas passage. The transmitted light that has passed through the fuel gas is received by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer , so that the composition component such as CH ₄ (methane) in the fuel gas or the O ₂ (oxygen) on the downstream side of the excess air ratio adjusting means. ), and the CH 4 _(methane), O 2 _(oxygen) wavelength input to the controller to detect accurately even wavelength value close to other components, such as In this controller, it is possible to perform such detection, precise control of engine operating conditions using control factors, and control of the excess air ratio that can prevent misfire or knocking, and high efficiency and stable operation of the engine. Is possible.

The present invention, the light transmitted light passing portion of the spectrum analyzer was installed in an exhaust passage of the diesel engine, light transmitted through the exhaust gas of the exhaust passage is emitted from the light source by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer It is configured to detect SO ₂ (sulfur oxide) by receiving light.

According to this invention, the transmitted light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer is installed in the exhaust passage of the diesel engine, and the transmitted light emitted from the light source and transmitted through the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage is received by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer . in by receiving the sO ₂ in the exhaust gas, can also be input to the controller to accurately detect the wavelength of the sO ₂ is a wavelength and a value close to other components, such sO ₂ detected value It is possible to precisely control the engine operating conditions so that the amount of SO ₂ emission can be suppressed using the engine, and the engine can be operated while suppressing the emission of the harmful components.

The present invention, by installing the transmission light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer in the lubricating oil passage of the engine, receiving the light transmitted through the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil passage is emitted from a light source of the optical spectrum analyzer The optical spectrum analyzer is configured so as to receive light with an element , and is configured to detect either one or both of metal powder and carbon in the lubricating oil from the transmitted light.

According to the invention, the transmission light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer, installed in lubricating oil passage of the engine, the light transmitted through the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil passage is emitted from the light source of the optical spectrum analyzer By receiving light with the light receiving element , the metal powder or carbon in the lubricating oil can be accurately detected and input to the controller even if the wavelength of the metal powder or carbon is close to the wavelength of other components. By monitoring the detected value of the metal powder or carbon, the degree of deterioration of the lubricating oil can be accurately detected.

According to the present invention, the optical spectrum analyzer is a small, high-speed electronic measuring device composed of an optical scanner and includes a high-resolution diffraction grating spectrometer, and has a very narrow range of transmitted light (combustion light). Even if the wavelength range of combustion light due to combustion components such as OH radicals and CH radicals generated during combustion in the combustion chamber is concentrated in a narrow range, each combustion The components can be accurately detected for each combustion component.
As a result, detection values of combustion components such as OH radicals and CH radicals, which are detection factors for adjusting the engine operating conditions, can be obtained with high accuracy at a required location in the combustion chamber. It is possible to precisely control the engine operating conditions using the engine, and to realize stable engine operation that reliably avoids misfires and knocking.
In addition, since the optical spectrum analyzer has a small and high-speed measurement function configured by an optical scanner, it can accurately detect each combustion component for each combustion component even during high-speed rotation operation of the engine. Can do.

According to the present invention, the transmitted light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer is installed in the exhaust passage, and the transmitted light emitted from the light source and transmitted through the exhaust gas is received by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer. , Harmful components such as unburned CH ₄ (methane), NOx (nitrogen oxide), HC (hydrocarbon) and CO (carbon monoxide), SO ₂ (sulfur oxide) in the exhaust gas, Even if the wavelength range is close to a narrow range, each component can be accurately detected and input to the controller, and the engine operating conditions can be precisely controlled using such detection and control factors. Thus, the engine can be operated with the emission of the harmful components suppressed.

Further, according to the present invention, the optical spectrum analyzer, the fuel gas supply line of the gas engine, or installed in the fuel gas passage downstream of the air excess ratio adjusting means, is emitted from the light source the fuel gas supply system The transmitted light that has passed through the fuel gas in the passage is received by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer , so that the composition component such as CH ₄ (methane) in the fuel gas or the O 2 on the downstream side of the excess air ratio adjusting means ₂ (oxygen) can be accurately detected and input to the controller even if the wavelength of CH ₄ (methane), O ₂ (oxygen), etc. is close to the wavelength of other components. Such detection, precise control of engine operating conditions using control factors, and control of the excess air ratio that can prevent misfire or knocking are possible. Rate and stable operation becomes possible.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention only to specific examples unless otherwise specified. Only.

  FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a gas engine equipped with an optical spectrum analyzer apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 2A is a cross-sectional view around the combustion chamber of the gas engine, and FIG. 2B is a view taken along the line AA in FIG. FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram of a diesel engine provided with an optical spectrum analyzer apparatus according to the second embodiment. 4A is a cross-sectional view around the combustion chamber of the diesel engine, and FIG. 4B is a view taken along the line BB in FIG. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the light to be measured and the wavelength. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the optical spectrum analyzer in the embodiment, and FIG. 7 is a plan configuration diagram.

  In FIG. 1 showing the first embodiment of the present invention, reference numeral 100 denotes a gas engine, 101 denotes a cylinder of the gas engine 100, and in this example, a six cylinder engine. 104 is a turbocharger comprising a turbine 104a and a compressor 104b, 102 is an intake manifold, 103 is an exhaust manifold, and 106 is an intake pipe (supply passage) that connects the compressor 104b outlet of the turbocharger 104 and the intake manifold 102. An exhaust pipe (exhaust passage) 105a connects the exhaust manifold 103 and the inlet of the turbine 104a of the supercharger 104. Reference numeral 105 denotes an exhaust pipe (exhaust passage) for connecting the exhaust outlet of the turbine 104a to the outside air, and 113 denotes an aftertreatment device such as an exhaust gas purification catalytic converter provided with the exhaust pipe 105.

Reference numeral 109 denotes an air cleaner, and reference numeral 106 denotes an intake pipe (supply passage) that connects the air cleaner 109 and an inlet of the compressor 104b of the supercharger 104. 110 is an LNG tank containing fuel gas (in this example, LNG gas (liquefied natural gas)), 112 is a fuel gas pipe connecting a fuel outlet of the LNG tank 110 and a gas mixer 108 described later, and 108 is the air cleaner. 109 is a gas mixer that mixes air having passed through 109 and fuel gas having passed through the fuel gas pipe 112.
111 is an excess air ratio control device provided in the middle of the fuel gas pipe 112, and a required amount of air or exhaust gas is mixed into the fuel gas from the LNG tank 110 so that the excess air ratio of the gas engine 100 is increased. To be adjusted. 110 is a throttle valve that adjusts the amount of air supplied through the intake pipe (supply passage) 106, and 107 is a heat exchanger for adjusting the supply air temperature that is installed downstream of the gas mixer 108 in the intake pipe 106a.
2, 122 is a cylinder head, 115 is a cylinder liner, 120 is an intake valve, 118 is an exhaust valve, 121 is an intake port, 119 is an exhaust port, 114 is a piston, and 116 is a combustion chamber (main combustion chamber) 117. Is a spark plug.

Reference numeral 1 denotes a small, high-speed electronic measuring device composed of an optical scanner, which is an optical spectrum analyzer equipped with a high-resolution diffraction grating spectrometer, and 2 is a light source that emits light to be measured to the optical spectrum analyzer 1. is there.
6 to 7 show the schematic structure of the optical spectrum analyzer 1, which includes an incident portion 22 for allowing measurement light from the light source 2 or combustion light to be described later, and the like. A diffraction grating 25 that receives the measurement light incident from the incident portion 22, and receives the diffracted light emitted from the diffraction grating 25 with respect to the incident measurement light and reflects it to the diffraction grating 25. Reflector 30, light receiving element 45 that receives diffracted light emitted from diffraction grating 25 with respect to reflected light emitted from reflector 30, and the angle of the reflecting surface of reflector 30 with respect to diffraction grating 25. Reflector driving means 41 and 42 that change the wavelength of light received by the light receiving element 45 by changing the light receiving element 45 are provided.

The reflector 30 has fixed substrates 31 and 32, and a shaft portion 33 that extends from the edge of the fixed substrates 31 and 32 with a predetermined width and has a predetermined width, and is capable of being twisted and deformed along the length direction. 34 and a reflecting plate 35 formed by being connected to the front ends of the shaft portions 33 and 34 at its edge, and provided with the reflecting surface for reflecting the diffracted light from the diffraction grating 25 on one surface side. have.
Further, the reflector driving means 41, 42 applies a force to the reflector 35 by an electric signal having a frequency corresponding to the natural frequency of the portion composed of the shaft portion of the reflector 30 and the reflector 35, and The reflector 35 is configured to reciprocate at the natural frequency or a frequency close thereto.
Reference numeral 21 denotes a base, 22a denotes an optical fiber constituting the incident portion 22, 23 denotes a support portion of the optical fiber constituting the incident portion 22, 24 denotes a collimator lens constituting the incident portion 22, and 40 denotes a support substrate.
As shown by arrows in FIGS. 6 and 7, the light to be measured incident from the incident portion 22 is diffracted by the diffraction surface 25 a of the diffraction grating 25, and is diffracted by the reflection plate 35 of the reflector 30. The light is reflected toward the surface 25 a, is diffracted again by the diffraction grating 25, and is received by the light receiving element 45.

In the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the optical spectrum analyzer 1 and the light source 2 configured as described above are installed in the LNG tank 110 so as to be emitted from the light source 2 and in the LNG tank 110. The transmitted light that has passed through the fuel gas is received by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer 1, and the optical spectrum analyzer 1 and the light source 2 are installed in the fuel gas pipe 112. The transmitted light transmitted through the fuel gas in the fuel gas pipe 112 is received by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer 1.

In the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the optical spectrum analyzer 1 and the light source 2 are installed in the intake pipe 106, emitted from the light source 2 and transmitted through the supply air in the intake pipe 106. The transmitted spectrum light is received by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer 1, and the optical spectrum analyzer 1 and the light source 2 are installed upstream and downstream of the post-processing device 113 in the exhaust pipe 105 ( Either one of them) The transmitted light emitted from the light source 2 and transmitted through the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe 105 is received by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer 1.

Further, in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, as shown in FIG. 2, the optical spectrum analyzer 1 is arranged in the vicinity of the spark plug 117 in the center portion in the combustion chamber 116 and in the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion in the combustion chamber 116. (It may be either near the central portion or near the outer periphery) and receive the combustion light in the combustion chamber 116.
Reference numeral 01 denotes a controller that detects transmitted light from the optical spectrum analyzer 1 installed near the center and the outer periphery of the LNG tank 110, fuel gas pipe 112, intake pipe 106, exhaust pipe 105, and combustion chamber 116, respectively. When a signal is input, control and operation as described later are performed.

In the first embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, combustion light from OH radicals, CH radicals and the like generated during combustion in the combustion chamber 116 is detected by high-speed measurement with the optical spectrum analyzer 1 and input to the controller 01. In the controller 01, the detected value of each of the combustion lights is compared with a preset threshold value for misfire in OH radicals or CH radicals, or a threshold value for knocking in OH radicals.
In the controller 01, when the detected value of the OH radical or CH radical is lower than the misfire threshold, the ignition energy and ignition timing of the spark plug 117 are adjusted, or in the case of the pilot fuel injection type Adjusts the pilot fuel injection amount and fuel injection timing, and further adjusts the supply pressure and supply amount to avoid misfiring and the detected value of the OH radical exceeds the knocking threshold In order to avoid the occurrence of knocking, the opening of the throttle valve 110 is adjusted.

Therefore, according to the first embodiment, the optical spectrum analyzer 2 is a small, high-speed electronic measuring device composed of an optical scanner, and includes a high-resolution diffraction grating spectrometer. As shown in FIG. 4, since it has a function capable of absorbing a very narrow range of wavelengths in the combustion light, the wavelength range of the combustion light due to combustion components such as OH radicals and CH radicals generated during the combustion is concentrated in a narrow range. Even if (B in FIG. 5), each combustion component can be accurately detected for each combustion component.
Thereby, detection values of combustion components such as OH radicals and CH radicals, which are detection factors for adjusting the engine operating conditions as described above, can be obtained with high accuracy at a required place in the combustion chamber 116, Such detection and precise control of engine operating conditions using control factors are possible, and stable engine operation that reliably avoids misfiring and knocking can be realized.
Further, since the optical spectrum analyzer 1 is provided with a small and high-speed measurement function constituted by an optical scanner, the combustion components are accurately detected for each combustion component even during high-speed rotation operation of the engine 100. can do.

Further, in the first embodiment, the transmitted light passage part of the optical spectrum analyzer 1 is installed in the vicinity of the spark plug 117 and the outer periphery of the central part in the combustion chamber 116, Since it is configured to receive the combustion light, the OH radicals at all points in the combustion chamber 116 such as a high temperature so-called end gas in the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion in the combustion chamber 116, a gas in the vicinity of the central portion, etc. It becomes possible to detect by the optical spectrum analyzer 1 and input to the controller 01, and the occurrence of knocking is ensured by controlling the engine operating condition as described above using the detected value of the OH radical by the controller 01. Can be avoided.

Further, in the first embodiment, the transmitted light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer 1 is disposed on the downstream side of the excess air ratio control device 111 of the LNG tank 110 and the fuel gas pipe 112 constituting the fuel gas supply system path of the gas engine 100. The transmitted light that is emitted from the light source 2 and transmitted through the fuel gas in the LNG tank 110 or the fuel gas pipe 112 is received by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer 1 , so that CH ₄ ( The composition component such as methane) or O ₂ (oxygen) on the downstream side of the excess air ratio control device 111 is detected.
In this case, since the optical spectrum analyzer 1 configured as described above is used, even if the wavelength of the CH ₄ (methane), O ₂ (oxygen), etc. is close to the wavelength of other components, it is accurate. It can be detected and input to the controller 1.
In the controller 1, based on the detected values of CH ₄ (methane), O ₂ (oxygen), etc., the ignition timing of the ignition plug (see FIG. 2), the excess air ratio in the excess air ratio control device 111, the supply pressure, etc. To control.
As a result, precise control of engine operating conditions and control of the excess air ratio that can prevent misfire or knocking are possible, and the engine 100 can be operated efficiently and stably.

Further, transmitted light passing portions between the optical spectrum analyzer 1 and the light source 2 are installed on the upstream side and the downstream side of the post-processing device 113 in the exhaust pipe 105, and are emitted from the light source 2 and exhausted in the exhaust pipe 105. By receiving the transmitted light transmitted through the gas with the optical spectrum analyzer 1, unburned CH ₄ (methane), NOx (nitrogen oxide), HC (hydrocarbon) and CO (carbon monoxide) in the exhaust gas. Detect harmful components such as
In this case, since the optical spectrum analyzer 1 configured as described above is used, each component is accurately detected for each component even if the wavelength range of the detection components is concentrated in a narrow range. It can be input to the controller 01, and the engine operating conditions can be precisely controlled using such detection and control factors, and the engine can be operated so as to suppress the emission of the harmful components.

Although not shown, the optical spectrum analyzer 1 is installed in an EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) passage, and O ₂ (oxygen) in the EGR gas is transmitted from the light emitted from the light source 2 and transmitted through the EGR passage. , And a detected value of O ₂ (oxygen) is input from the optical spectrum analyzer 1 to the controller 01. The controller 01 analyzes the transmitted light to determine the O ₂ concentration in the EGR passage. It is also possible to detect.
According to this structure, since the light receiving transmitted light in the EGR gas using the optical spectrum analyzer 1 configured as described above, the O _{2 (oxygen)} in the EGR gas, the wavelength of the O ₂ component Even a value close to the wavelength of other components can be accurately detected and input to the controller 01, and the controller can precisely control the engine operating conditions using such detection and control factors. The engine can be operated so that the EGR gas amount can be controlled to the target value.

Although not shown, the transmitted light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer 1 is installed in the lubricating oil passage of the engine 100 so that the transmitted light emitted from the light source 2 and transmitted through the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil passage is the light. While being configured to receive light by the light receiving element of the spectrum analyzer 2, the optical spectrum analyzer 1 can also be configured to detect either one or both of metal powder and carbon in the lubricating oil from the transmitted light. .
If comprised in this way, the metal powder in lubricating oil will be received by the optical spectrum analyzer 1 comprised as mentioned above by receiving the transmitted light which was emitted from the light source 2 and permeate | transmitted in the lubricating oil in the said lubricating oil channel | path. Alternatively, carbon is detected. In this case, even if the wavelength of the metal powder or carbon is close to the wavelength of other components, it can be accurately detected and input to the controller, and by monitoring the detected value of the metal powder or carbon, The degree of deterioration of the lubricating oil can be detected accurately.

3 to 4 showing a diesel engine according to the second embodiment, 200 is a diesel engine, 255 is a fuel injection valve mounted on each cylinder, 250 is a fuel injection pump, 202 is a common rail, 254 is EGR (exhaust gas recirculation). A circulation) passage 252 is an EGR valve.
In such a diesel engine 200, combustion light from OH radicals generated during combustion in the combustion chamber 116 is detected by the optical spectrum analyzer 1 by high-speed measurement and input to the controller 01. The detected value of light is compared with a preset threshold value of NOx and noise in the OH radical OH radical.
In the controller 01, when the detected value of the OH radical exceeds the threshold value of NOx and noise, the fuel injection amount and fuel injection timing of the fuel injection pump 250 are adjusted, and further the supply air pressure Then, the amount of air supply is adjusted to reduce NOx and noise.

Further, in the diesel engine 200, the transmitted light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer 1 is installed in the EGR passage 254, and O _{2 in} EGR gas is transmitted from the transmitted light emitted from the light source 2 and transmitted through the EGR passage 254. (Oxygen) is detected, and the detected value of O ₂ (Oxygen) is input from the optical spectrum analyzer 1 to the controller 01. The controller 01 analyzes the transmitted light to detect O ₂ in the EGR passage. ₂ Concentration is detected.
According to this structure, since the light receiving transmitted light in the EGR gas using the optical spectrum analyzer 1 configured as described above, the O _{2 (oxygen)} in the EGR gas, the wavelength of the O ₂ component Even a value close to the wavelength of other components can be accurately detected and input to the controller 01, and the controller 01 precisely controls the opening degree of the EGR valve 252 using the detection and control factors. It becomes possible to operate the engine that can control the EGR gas amount to the target value.

In the diesel engine 200, the transmitted light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer 2 configured as described above is installed in the exhaust pipe 105 in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and is emitted from the light source and exhausted from the exhaust passage. It is configured to detect SO ₂ (sulfur oxide) from the transmitted light transmitted through the gas.
If comprised in this way, the transmitted light passage part of the optical spectrum analyzer 1 comprised as mentioned above will be installed in the exhaust pipe 105 of a diesel engine, and it will be emitted from the light source and permeate | transmitted in the exhaust gas in the said exhaust pipe 105 The transmitted light is received by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer 1 to accurately detect SO ₂ in the exhaust gas even if the wavelength of the SO ₂ is close to the wavelength of other components. The engine operating conditions can be precisely controlled so that the SO ₂ emission can be suppressed using the detected SO ₂ detection value, and the emission of the harmful component can be controlled. Driving is possible.
Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals.

  According to the present invention, an optical spectrum capable of improving the detection accuracy of detection data of gas components using an optical spectrum analyzer device and realizing stable operation of the engine, purification of exhaust gas, etc. using the detection data. An internal combustion engine provided with an analyzer device can be provided.

1 is an overall configuration diagram of a gas engine including an optical spectrum analyzer device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. (A) is sectional drawing around the combustion chamber of the said gas engine, (B) is an AA arrow line view in (A). It is a whole block diagram of the diesel engine provided with the optical spectrum analyzer apparatus which concerns on 2nd Example. (A) is sectional drawing around the combustion chamber of the said diesel engine, (B) is a BB arrow line view in (A). It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between to-be-measured light and a wavelength. The perspective view which shows the structure of the optical spectrum analyzer in the said Example. It is FIG. 1 corresponding | compatible figure which shows 6th Example. It is the optical spectrum analyzer plane block diagram.

100 Gas Engine 200 Diesel Engine 1 Optical Spectrum Analyzer 2 Light Source 01 Controller

Claims (6)

In a gas internal combustion engine configured to mix fuel gas stored in a fuel gas tank with air in a supply passage through a fuel gas passage, and supply the mixed gas to a combustion chamber of the engine to ignite and burn,
An incident part for allowing transmitted light (hereinafter referred to as a transmitted light passing part) emitted from a light source and passing through the measured part to enter, a diffraction grating for receiving the measured light incident from the incident part, and the incident light A reflector that receives the diffracted light emitted from the diffraction grating with respect to the measured light and reflects it to the diffraction grating, and the reflected light emitted from the reflector is emitted from the diffraction grating. An optical spectrum comprising: a light receiving element that receives the diffracted light; and a reflector driving means that changes the angle of the reflecting surface of the reflector with respect to the diffraction grating to vary the wavelength of the light received by the light receiving element. With an analyzer,
The transmitted light passing section is installed on the downstream side of the LNG tank and the fuel gas supply system and the excess air ratio control device of the fuel gas pipe constituting the fuel gas supply system path of the gas engine, and is emitted from the light source and supplied with the fuel gas. The transmitted light that has passed through the fuel gas in the system and the fuel gas pipe is received by the light receiving element of the optical spectrum analyzer, so that the composition component of CH ₄ (methane) in the fuel gas and air The O ₂ component on the downstream side of the excess rate control device is detected and input to the controller, where the ignition timing of the spark plug and the air are detected based on the detected values of the CH ₄ (methane) and O ₂ (oxygen) components. A gas internal combustion engine comprising an optical spectrum analyzer device that controls an excess air ratio and a supply air pressure in an excess ratio control device.   Further, the transmitted light passage portion of the optical spectrum analyzer is installed in the exhaust passage of the engine, and the transmitted light that is emitted from the light source and transmitted through the exhaust passage is received by the optical spectrum analyzer, The gas internal combustion engine according to claim 1, further comprising a controller that analyzes the transmitted light input from the optical spectrum analyzer and detects a composition of exhaust gas in the exhaust passage. organ.   An engine in which an exhaust gas purifier or other post-processing device is installed in the exhaust passage, and the transmitted light passage part of the optical spectrum analyzer is further connected to either or both of the upstream side and the downstream side of the post-processing device. The gas internal combustion engine according to claim 1, further comprising an optical spectrum analyzer device according to claim 2. The optical spectrum analyzer is configured to detect unburned CH ₄ (methane) in the exhaust gas as the composition of the exhaust gas from the transmitted light and transmit it to the controller. A gas internal combustion engine comprising the optical spectrum analyzer device according to any one of 2 and 3.   3. The optical spectrum analyzer is configured to detect NOx (nitrogen oxide) in the exhaust gas as the composition of the exhaust gas from the transmitted light and transmit it to the controller. Or a gas internal combustion engine comprising the optical spectrum analyzer device according to any one of items 3 to 4 above.   The optical spectrum analyzer detects one or both of HC (hydrocarbon) and CO (carbon monoxide) in the exhaust gas as the composition of the exhaust gas from the transmitted light and transmits it to the controller. 4. A gas internal combustion engine comprising the optical spectrum analyzer device according to claim 2, wherein the gas internal combustion engine is configured.

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