JP4450355B2 - Urease inhibitor, ammonia odor suppressor and diaper rash inhibitor - Google Patents

Description

［式（１）中、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^３、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２、Ｒ'^３、Ｒ'^４およびＲ'^５は、各々独立して水素原子、水酸基、メトキシ基または炭素数４〜１０の直鎖状、分岐状もしくは環状のアルキル基を表す。］
【００２０】
上記フラボン類の具体例としては、ルテオリン（式（１）において、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２およびＲ'^５が水素原子であり、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^３、Ｒ'^３およびＲ'^４が水酸基である化合物）、バイカレイン（式（１）において、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２、Ｒ'^３、Ｒ'^４およびＲ'^５が水素原子であり、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^２およびＲ^３が水酸基である化合物）、アピゲニン（式（１）において、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２、Ｒ'^４およびＲ'^５が水素原子であり、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^３およびＲ'^３が水酸基である化合物）等が挙げられる。
【００２１】
上記フラボン類の中でも、式（１）において、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２およびＲ'^５が水素原子または炭素数４〜１０の直鎖状、分岐状もしくは環状のアルキル基、特に水素原子であり、Ｒ^１およびＲ^３が水酸基またはメトキシ基、特に水酸基である化合物が好ましく、中でも特にルテオリン、バイカレインおよびアピゲニンが好ましい。
【００２２】
本発明におけるフラボノール類は、下記式（２）で表される骨格を有する化合物である。
【化２】

［式（２）中、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^３、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２、Ｒ'^３、Ｒ'^４およびＲ'^５は、各々独立して水素原子、水酸基、メトキシ基または炭素数４〜１０の直鎖状、分岐状もしくは環状のアルキル基を表す。］
【００２３】
上記フラボノール類の具体例としては、ケンフェロール（式（２）において、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２、Ｒ'^４およびＲ'^５が水素原子であり、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^３およびＲ'^３が水酸基である化合物）、クエルセチン（式（２）において、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２およびＲ'^５が水素原子であり、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^３、Ｒ'^３およびＲ'^４が水酸基である化合物）、モリン（式（２）において、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２およびＲ'^４が水素原子であり、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^３、Ｒ'^３およびＲ'^５が水酸基である化合物）等が挙げられる。
【００２４】
上記フラボノール類の中でも、式（２）において、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１およびＲ'^２が水素原子または炭素数４〜１０の直鎖状、分岐状もしくは環状のアルキル基、特に水素原子であり、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^３およびＲ'^３が水酸基またはメトキシ基、特に水酸基である化合物が好ましく、中でも特にケンフェロール、クエルセチンおよびモリンが好ましい。
【００２５】
本発明におけるジヒドロフラボノール類は、下記式（３）で表される骨格を有する化合物である。
【化３】

［式（３）中、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^３、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２、Ｒ'^３、Ｒ'^４およびＲ'^５は、各々独立して水素原子、水酸基、メトキシ基または炭素数４〜１０の直鎖状、分岐状もしくは環状のアルキル基を表す。］
【００２６】
上記ジヒドロフラボノール類の具体例としては、タキシフォリン（式（３）において、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２およびＲ'^５が水素原子であり、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^３、Ｒ'^３およびＲ'^４が水酸基である化合物）、アンペロプシン（式（３）において、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１およびＲ'^５が水素原子であり、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^３、Ｒ'^２、Ｒ'^３およびＲ'^４が水酸基である化合物）等が挙げられる。
【００２７】
上記ジヒドロフラボノール類の中でも、式（３）において、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１およびＲ'^５が水素原子または炭素数４〜１０の直鎖状、分岐状もしくは環状のアルキル基、特に水素原子であり、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^３、Ｒ'^３およびＲ'^４が水酸基またはメトキシ基、特に水酸基である化合物が好ましく、中でも特にタキシフォリンおよびアンペロプシンが好ましい。
【００２８】
本発明におけるカテキン類は、下記式（４）で表される骨格を有する化合物である。
【化４】

［式（４）中、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^３、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２、Ｒ'^３、Ｒ'^４およびＲ'^５は、各々独立して水素原子、水酸基、メトキシ基または炭素数４〜１０の直鎖状、分岐状もしくは環状のアルキル基を表す。］
【００２９】
上記カテキン類の具体例としては、（＋）−カテキン（式（４）において、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２およびＲ'^５が水素原子であり、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^３、Ｒ'^３およびＲ'^４が水酸基である化合物）、（−）−エピカテキン（式（４）において、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２およびＲ'^５が水素原子であり、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^３、Ｒ'^３およびＲ'^４が水酸基である化合物であり、（＋）−カテキンとは３位の炭素原子に結合する水酸基の向きが異なるエピマーの関係にある。）等が挙げられる。
【００３０】
上記カテキン類の中でも、式（４）において、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^４、Ｒ'^１、Ｒ'^２およびＲ'^５が水素原子または炭素数４〜１０の直鎖状、分岐状もしくは環状のアルキル基、特に水素原子であり、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^３、Ｒ'^３およびＲ'^４が水酸基またはメトキシ基、特に水酸基である化合物が好ましく、中でも特にカテキンおよびエピカテキンが好ましい。
【００３１】
ここで、本発明のウレアーゼ阻害剤の有効成分としては、上記のフラボン類、フラボノール類、ジヒドロフラボノール類およびカテキン類の中から１種の化合物を選択してもよいし、２種以上の化合物（同じ類に属する化合物が２種以上であってもよい。）を選択してもよい。
【００３２】
本発明のウレアーゼ阻害剤の有効成分として使用するフラボン類、フラボノール類、ジヒドロフラボノール類およびカテキン類は、これらの成分の１種または２種以上を含有する植物から抽出することができる。
【００３３】
フラボン類、フラボノール類、ジヒドロフラボノール類またはカテキン類を含有する植物の具体例としては、オリーブ（Olea europaea）、パセリ（Petroselinum sativum）、コガネバナ（Scutellaria baicalensis）、モクセイソウ（Reseda luteola）、スイカズラ（Lonicera japonica）、黄杞（Engelhardtia chrysolepis）、藤茶（Ampelopsis grossedentata）,茶（Thea sinensis）、ウラジロガシ（Quercus salicina）等が挙げられる。
【００３４】
抽出原料として用いる植物の構成部位は特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、葉部、枝部、根部、樹皮、種子等の構成部位を抽出原料として用いることができるが、これらのうち特に葉部を抽出原料として用いることが好ましい。
【００３５】
フラボン類、フラボノール類、ジヒドロフラボノール類またはカテキン類を含有する植物からのフラボン類、フラボノール類、ジヒドロフラボノール類またはカテキン類の抽出物は、植物を生のまま、または乾燥した後、その状態で、または粉砕機を用い粉砕して溶媒抽出に供することにより得ることができる。抽出に用いる溶媒としては、水、親水性有機溶媒または水と親水性有機溶媒との混合液を、室温ないし溶媒の沸点の温度範囲で用いることが好ましい。
【００３６】
抽出溶媒として使用し得る水としては、純水、水道水、井戸水、鉱泉水、鉱水、温泉水、湧水、淡水等の他、これらに各種処理を施したものが含まれる。水に施す処理としては、例えば、精製、加熱、殺菌、ろ過、イオン交換、浸透圧の調整、緩衝化等が含まれる。したがって、本発明において抽出溶媒として使用し得る水には、精製水、熱水、イオン交換水、生理食塩水、リン酸緩衝液、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水等も含まれる。
【００３７】
抽出溶媒として使用し得る親水性有機溶媒としては、例えばメタノール、エタノール、プロピレンアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール等の炭素数１〜５の低級アルコール；アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等の低級脂肪族ケトン；１，３−ブチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、イソプロピレングリコール、グリセリン等の炭素数２〜５の多価アルコールなどが挙げられ、これら親水性有機溶媒または親水性有機溶媒と水との混合溶媒などを用いることができる。
【００３８】
抽出溶媒として水と親水性有機溶媒との混合溶媒を使用する場合には、親水性有機溶媒が低級アルコールのときには水１０質量部に対して親水性有機溶媒１〜９０質量部、親水性有機溶媒が低級脂肪族ケトンのときには水１０質量部に対して親水性有機溶媒１〜４０質量部、親水性有機溶媒が多価アルコールのときには水１０質量部に対して親水性有機溶媒１０〜９０質量部を配合することが好ましい。
【００３９】
本発明において、植物からフラボン類、フラボノール類、ジヒドロフラボノール類またはカテキン類を抽出するにあたり特殊な抽出方法を採用する必要はなく、室温ないし還流加熱下で、任意の装置を用いて抽出することができる。具体的には、抽出溶媒を満たした処理槽に抽出原料を投入し、時々撹拌して可溶性成分を溶出させる。その後濾過して抽出残渣を除き、得られた抽出液を濃縮、乾燥することにより、フラボン類、フラボノール類、ジヒドロフラボノール類またはカテキン類を含有する抽出物を得ることができる。
【００４０】
抽出条件は、抽出溶媒として水を用いた場合は、通常４０〜９０℃で３０分〜２時間程度であり、また、抽出溶媒として水とエタノールとの混合溶媒を用いた場合には、通常４０〜８０℃で３０分〜２時間程度である。なお、溶媒で抽出することにより得られる抽出液は、抽出溶媒が安全性の高いものであれば、そのままウレアーゼ阻害剤の一成分として使用することができる。
【００４１】
また、得られた抽出液を脱色、脱臭、活性向上等を目的として精製することもできる。精製手段としては、特に制限されず、活性炭処理、樹脂吸着処理、イオン交換樹脂処理、液−液向流分配等の方法が挙げられる。例えばセパビーズＳＰ−２０７、ダイヤイオンＨＰ−２０（いずれも三菱化学（株）製）等の多孔性樹脂と濃縮液とを接触させる樹脂吸着精製法等を採用することができる。この場合、樹脂に吸着された有効成分は水、エタノール等で溶出させることができる。
【００４２】
本発明では、フラボン類、フラボノール類、ジヒドロフラボノール類およびカテキン類からなる群から選ばれる１種または２種以上の化合物、またはフラボン類、フラボノール類、ジヒドロフラボノール類およびカテキン類からなる群から選ばれる１種または２種以上の化合物を含有する植物またはその植物の抽出物をウレアーゼ阻害剤の有効成分として使用するが、必要に応じてウレアーゼ阻害作用を有する他の成分を添加することもできる。
【００４３】
本発明のウレアーゼ阻害剤の剤形、形態は特に制限されない。例えば、ウレアーゼ阻害剤を糞尿によるアンモニア臭の抑制またはおむつかぶれの防止に用いる場合（ウレアーゼ阻害剤をアンモニア臭抑制剤またはおむつかぶれ防止剤として使用する場合）、ウレアーゼ阻害剤は、液状、ゲル状、粉末状等の形態で使用することができ、また、ウレアーゼ阻害剤をローション、スプレー剤、ムース等に配合することもできる。このようなウレアーゼ阻害剤には、例えば、保湿剤、ｐＨ調節剤、安定化剤、界面活性剤、抗酸化剤、消臭剤、抗菌剤等の成分を配合することができる。ウレアーゼ阻害剤を液状またはゲル状の形態とする場合は、有効成分が化合物のときは、その化合物を０．００００１〜１質量％、有効成分が抽出物のときは、その抽出物を０．０００１〜１０質量％、使用組成物に含有させることが好ましい。
【００４４】
本発明のウレアーゼ阻害剤は、尿素からウレアーゼの作用でアンモニアが発生する場所であれば特に制限なく使用することができる。
【００４５】
本発明のウレアーゼ阻害剤（おむつかぶれ防止剤）は、おむつ、ティッシュ、おしり拭き、衛生用シート等に含有させたり、ウェットティッシュの薬剤、洗浄剤等として使用することができる。ウレアーゼ阻害剤のおむつへの含有は、例えば、ウレアーゼ阻害剤を含有する液体状の組成物をおむつ（布、紙、不繊布等）に塗布または浸漬して乾燥することにより行うことができる。また、ウレアーゼ阻害剤を含有する粉末状の組成物をおむつに混合することや、ウレアーゼ阻害剤を含有する組成物をローションに配合し、そのローションをおむつに塗布することもできる。
【００４６】
本発明のウレアーゼ阻害剤をトップシート／液吸収部／バックシートの構成からなる使い捨ての紙おむつに使用する場合は、トップシートにウレアーゼ阻害剤を含有させることが好ましい。ウレアーゼ阻害剤のトップシート（質量）に対する添加量は、有効成分が化合物のときは、化合物で０．００００１〜１質量％、有効成分が抽出物のときは、抽出物で０．０００１〜１０質量％とするのが好ましい。
【００４７】
本発明のウレアーゼ阻害剤をウェットティッシュに使用する場合は、有効成分が化合物のときは、その化合物を０．００００１〜１質量％、有効成分が抽出物のときは、その抽出物を０．０００１〜１０質量％、ウェットティッシュに含有させることが好ましい。
【００４８】
一方、本発明のウレアーゼ阻害剤をアンモニアに起因する下痢、胃潰瘍等の防止に使用する場合、ウレアーゼ阻害剤は、顆粒剤、細粒剤、錠剤、カプセル剤等の剤形で使用することができるとともに、食品に添加すること、あるいは健康食品素材、ペットフード素材、医薬品原料等として使用することも可能である。
【００４９】
なお、ここでいう「食品」とは、栄養素を１種以上含む天然物および加工品をいい、あらゆる飲食物を含むものとする。本発明のウレアーゼ阻害剤を添加し得る食品の具体例としては、チョコレート、ビスケット、飴菓子等の菓子類、ジュース等の清涼飲料、牛乳、ヨーグルト等の乳酸飲料などが挙げられる。
【００５０】
上記の場合、ウレアーゼ阻害剤には、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、食品、医薬品、医薬部外品、化粧品、ペット用素材等に一般的に用いられている各種成分、例えば結合剤、吸収促進剤、滑沢剤、乳化剤、界面活性剤、酸化防止剤、防腐剤、着色剤、香料、甘味料等を配合することができる。また、本発明のウレアーゼ阻害剤は、他のウレアーゼ阻害剤や、リパーゼ阻害剤、プロテアーゼ阻害剤等と組み合わせて用いることもできる。
【００５１】
本発明のウレアーゼ阻害剤の投与量は、有効成分であるフラボン類、フラボノール類、ジヒドロフラボノール類およびカテキン類の総量に換算して、通常一日あたり０．０１〜１０，０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ（体重）、好ましくは０．１〜１，０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ（体重）である。１日量を１回から数回程度投与することができるが、投与量および投与頻度は、年齢、性別、個人差、病状等に応じて適宜変更することができる。
【００５２】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明の範囲はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【００５３】
〔実施例〕
５０質量％エタノールを用いて、ルテオリン（和光純薬工業社製）、バイカレイン（和光純薬工業社製）、アピゲニン（和光純薬工業社製）、ケンフェロール（和光純薬工業社製）、クエルセチン（和光純薬工業社製）、モリン（東京化成工業社製）、タキシフォリン（和光純薬工業社製）、アンペロプシン、（＋）−カテキン（和光純薬工業社製）および（−）−エピカテキン（和光純薬工業社製）を溶解および希釈して、試料濃度８０００〜８００μｇ／ｍｌの試料溶液をそれぞれ調製し、各試料溶液について、以下の方法でウレアーゼ活性阻害率を測定した。
【００５４】
なお、アンペロプシンとしては、次のようにして藤茶から得た抽出物を使用した。
藤茶乾燥枝葉２００ｇに水２０００ｍｌを加え、９０℃にて１時間抽出を行った後、濾紙にて濾過し、抽出液Ａを得た。また、抽出残渣に再び水２０００ｍｌを加え、同様に９０℃で１時間加熱抽出を行った後、濾紙にて濾過し、抽出液Ｂを得た。抽出液Ａと抽出液Ｂとを混合した抽出液（Ａ＋Ｂ）を、多孔性樹脂（三菱化学社製，ＨＰ−２０）３００ｍｌを充填したガラスカラムに流して、アンペロプシンを主成分とするフラボノイド類を吸着させた。吸着させた多孔性樹脂に６００ｍｌの水を流して洗浄した後、８０％エタノールを流して吸着成分を溶出させた。得られた溶出液を減圧下にて濃縮、乾燥し、藤茶抽出物（粉末）を得た。
【００５５】
試料溶液１００μｌ、ウレアーゼ（和光純薬工業社製，ナタマメ起源，１９Ｕ／ｍｌ，０．１Ｍリン酸緩衝液（ｐＨ７．０））４００μｌおよびサリチル酸ナトリウム・ニトロプルシドナトリウム溶液（サリチル酸ナトリウム４０ｇ／ｌ，ニトロプルシドナトリウム２g／ｌ，０．１Ｍリン酸緩衝液（ｐＨ７．０））１５００μｌをよく混合し、３７℃で１５分間保管した。この酵素反応液に次亜塩素酸ナトリウム・水酸化ナトリウム溶液（５％次亜塩素酸ナトリウム２０ｍｌ，水酸化ナトリウム１５ｇ／ｌ）２ｍｌを加えた後、３７℃で１０分間反応させた。この反応により生じたインドフェノールを、波長５７０ｎｍの吸光度で測定した。また、コントロールとして、試料溶液の代わりに５０質量％エタノールを加えたものについて、同様の操作と吸光度測定を行った。
【００５６】
上記吸光度測定の結果から、下記の計算式によりウレアーゼ活性阻害率を算出した。
ウレアーゼ活性阻害率（％）＝１−［（Ａ１−Ａ０）／（Ａ３−Ａ２）］×１００
Ａ０：試料溶液を添加した場合の吸光度；酵素反応開始前
Ａ１：試料溶液を添加した場合の吸光度；酵素反応開始後
Ａ２：コントロールを添加した場合の吸光度；酵素反応開始前
Ａ３：コントロールを添加した場合の吸光度；酵素反応開始後
【００５７】
試料溶液の試料濃度を２０〜２００μｇ／ｍｌに段階的に変化させて、上記ウレアーゼ活性阻害率の測定を行い、阻害率が５０％になる試料溶液の試料濃度（ＩＣ５０）を求めた。結果を表１に示す。
【００５８】
〔比較例〕
フラバノン類としてのリクイリチゲニン（和光純薬工業社製）およびナリンゲニン（和光純薬工業社製）、カルコン類としてのイソリクイリチゲニン（丸善製薬社製）およびリコカルコンＡ（丸善製薬社製）、イソフラボン類としてのダイゼイン（和光純薬工業社製）およびフォルモノネチン（和光純薬工業社製）についても、実施例と同様にしてウレアーゼ活性阻害率の測定を行った。結果を表１に示す。
【００５９】
【表１】

【００６０】
表１の結果から、フラボン類、フラボノール類、ジヒドロフラボノール類およびカテキン類は、強いウレアーゼ活性阻害効果が認められる。
【００６１】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、ウレアーゼ活性阻害効果に優れ安全性の高いウレアーゼ阻害剤、糞尿によるアンモニア臭を効果的に抑制することのできる安全性の高いアンモニア臭抑制剤、およびアンモニアに起因するおむつかぶれを効果的に防止することのできる安全性の高いおむつかぶれ防止剤が得られる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a urease inhibitor that inhibits the action of urease, an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that generates ammonia from urea, an ammonia odor suppressor that suppresses ammonia odor from manure, and a diaper that prevents diaper rash caused by ammonia The present invention relates to a rash prevention agent.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Urease is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of urea reacting with water to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. For example, urease produced by microorganisms present in feces causes the above enzyme reaction with urea contained in urine excreted outside the living body of humans and livestock to generate ammonia. Therefore, when human or livestock manure is left in the environment, the enzyme reaction occurs to generate ammonia, and the generated ammonia diffuses into the atmosphere and gives off a strong odor.
[0003]
In addition, when the above enzyme reaction occurs in a diaper soiled with manure, the generated ammonia increases the pH of the skin, thereby increasing the activity of proteases and lipases in the feces and inducing diaper rash.
[0004]
On the other hand, in the intestine, it is known that ammonia is generated by the action of urease produced by intestinal bacteria, and symptoms such as diarrhea are caused by the cytotoxicity of ammonia. In the stomach, it is known that ammonia is produced by the action of urease produced by Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium present in the stomach, and gastric ulcer is induced by the ammonia.
[0005]
Therefore, in a place where ammonia can be generated from urea, it is possible to prevent ammonia smell, diaper rash, diarrhea, gastric ulcer, etc. due to feces and urine if the production of ammonia can be suppressed by inhibiting the action of urease It becomes.
[0006]
As urease inhibitors, to date, hydroxam amphoteric surfactants (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-104276), chlorogenic acid (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-183389), Luscus, Guava, Maikai, Lubus, Artemisia, Tamarind, Plant extracts such as Yukinoshita, loquat and persimmon (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-19595) have been reported.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, among the above urease inhibitors, there are problems in terms of safety with respect to synthetic compounds such as hydroxamic amphoteric surfactants and chlorogenic acid, and there are few that have a sufficiently high urease activity inhibitory effect with respect to the above plant extracts. Is the current situation.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and an object thereof is to provide a urease inhibitor, an ammonia odor suppressor, and a diaper rash preventing agent that are excellent in urease activity inhibitory effect and highly safe. And
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that flavones, flavonols, dihydroflavonols and catechins have a strong urease activity inhibitory effect.
[0010]
That is, the present invention comprises a urease inhibitor (ammonia ) characterized by containing as an active ingredient one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of luteolin, baicalein, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, morin and taxifolin. Except for odor control and gastric ulcer treatment) .
[0012]
Furthermore, the present invention is a diaper rash preventing agent used by being contained in a diaper, a wipe, a sanitary sheet or a wet tissue, and is selected from the group consisting of luteolin, baicalein, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, morin and taxifolin. The present invention provides a diaper rash preventing agent characterized by containing one or more compounds as active ingredients.
[0013]
In the present invention, the “plant or the extract of the plant” includes an untreated plant, a dried product of the plant, a crushed product, a pulverized product, a powder, an extract obtained by using the plant as an extraction raw material, a diluted solution of the extract, or The concentrate, the dried product obtained by drying the extract, or any of these crudely purified products or purified products are included.
[0015]
According to the urease inhibitor of the present invention, generation of ammonia can be suppressed by its strong urease activity inhibiting effect, and ammonia odor, diaper rash, diarrhea, gastric ulcer and the like due to feces can be effectively prevented. In addition, since the active ingredient of the urease inhibitor of the present invention is mainly extracted from plants subjected to drinking, edible, medicinal use, the urease inhibitor of the present invention is safer than synthetic compounds. It is highly probable and has a low possibility of adversely affecting the environment.
[0016]
Similarly, the ammonia odor suppressor of the present invention can suppress the generation of ammonia by its strong urease activity inhibitory effect, and can effectively suppress the ammonia odor caused by manure. Moreover, the diaper rash preventing agent of the present invention suppresses the generation of ammonia due to its strong urease activity inhibitory effect, and can effectively prevent diaper rash due to ammonia. Furthermore, since the active ingredients of the ammonia odor suppressor and diaper rash preventive agent of the present invention are mainly extracted from plants used for drinking, edible, medicinal use, etc., the ammonia odor suppressor and diaper of the present invention Anti-rash agents are safer than synthetic compounds and are less likely to adversely affect the environment.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The urease inhibitor of the present invention can be used as a drug for the prevention and treatment of diarrhea, gastric ulcer and the like, and is used as the ammonia odor inhibitor of the present invention for the purpose of suppressing ammonia odor due to manure Since the present invention can be used as a diaper rash preventive agent of the present invention when it is intended to prevent diaper rash caused by ammonia, the present invention will be described mainly with respect to a urease inhibitor. .
[0018]
The active ingredient of the urease inhibitor of the present invention is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of flavones, flavonols, dihydroflavonols and catechins.
[0019]
The flavones in the present invention are compounds having a skeleton represented by the following formula (1).
[Chemical 1]

[In the formula (1), R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² , R ′ ³ , R ′ ⁴ and R ′ ⁵ are each independently a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, methoxy Represents a group or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms. ]
[0020]
Specific examples of the flavones include luteolin (in the formula (1), R ² , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² and R ′ ⁵ are hydrogen atoms, R ¹ , R ³ , R ′ ³ and R ′ ⁴ is a hydroxyl group compound), baicalein (in formula (1), R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² , R ′ ³ , R ′ ⁴ and R ′ ⁵ are hydrogen atoms, R ¹ , R Compound in which ² and R ³ are hydroxyl groups), apigenin (in the formula (1), R ² , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² , R ′ ⁴ and R ′ ⁵ are hydrogen atoms, R ¹ , R ³ and compounds in which R ′ ³ is a hydroxyl group).
[0021]
Among the flavones, in the formula (1), R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² and R ′ ⁵ are a hydrogen atom or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly hydrogen. A compound which is an atom and R ¹ and R ³ are a hydroxyl group or a methoxy group, particularly a hydroxyl group is preferred, and among them, luteolin, baicalein and apigenin are particularly preferred.
[0022]
The flavonols in the present invention are compounds having a skeleton represented by the following formula (2).
[Chemical formula 2]

[In the formula (2), R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² , R ′ ³ , R ′ ⁴ and R ′ ⁵ are each independently a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, methoxy Represents a group or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms. ]
[0023]
Specific examples of the flavonols include kaempferol (in formula (2), R ² , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² , R ′ ⁴ and R ′ ⁵ are hydrogen atoms, and R ¹ , R ³ And a compound in which R ′ ³ is a hydroxyl group), quercetin (in formula (2), R ² , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² and R ′ ⁵ are hydrogen atoms, and R ¹ , R ³ , R ′ ³ and a compound in which R ′ ⁴ is a hydroxyl group), morin (in the formula (2), R ² , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² and R ′ ⁴ are hydrogen atoms, R ¹ , R ³ , R ^'3 and R' compound ⁵ is a hydroxyl group), and the like.
[0024]
Among the flavonols, in formula (2), R ² , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ and R ′ ² are hydrogen atoms or linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly hydrogen atoms. A compound in which R ¹ , R ³ and R ′ ³ are a hydroxyl group or a methoxy group, particularly a hydroxyl group is preferred, and kaempferol, quercetin and morin are particularly preferred.
[0025]
The dihydroflavonols in the present invention are compounds having a skeleton represented by the following formula (3).
[Chemical 3]

[In the formula (3), R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² , R ′ ³ , R ′ ⁴ and R ′ ⁵ are each independently a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, methoxy Represents a group or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms. ]
[0026]
Specific examples of the dihydroflavonols include taxifolin (in the formula (3), R ² , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² and R ′ ⁵ are hydrogen atoms, and R ¹ , R ³ , R ′ ³ And R ′ ⁴ is a hydroxyl group), amperopsin (in the formula (3), R ² , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ and R ′ ⁵ are hydrogen atoms, R ¹ , R ³ , R ′ ² , R ′ ³ and R ′ ⁴ are hydroxyl groups).
[0027]
Among the above-mentioned dihydroflavonols, in the formula (3), R ² , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ and R ′ ⁵ are hydrogen atoms or linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly hydrogen. A compound which is an atom and in which R ¹ , R ³ , R ′ ³ and R ′ ⁴ are a hydroxyl group or a methoxy group, particularly a hydroxyl group is preferable, and taxifolin and amperopsin are particularly preferable.
[0028]
The catechins in the present invention are compounds having a skeleton represented by the following formula (4).
[Formula 4]

[In the formula (4), R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² , R ′ ³ , R ′ ⁴ and R ′ ⁵ are each independently a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, methoxy Represents a group or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms. ]
[0029]
Specific examples of the catechins include (+)-catechin (in the formula (4), R ² , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² and R ′ ⁵ are hydrogen atoms, R ¹ , R ³ , R ′ ³ and R ′ ⁴ are hydroxyl groups), (−)-epicatechin (in the formula (4), R ² , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² and R ′ ⁵ are hydrogen atoms, R ¹ , R ³ , R ′ ³ and R ′ ⁴ are compounds having a hydroxyl group, and (+)-catechin is in an epimer relationship in which the direction of the hydroxyl group bonded to the 3-position carbon atom is different. Can be mentioned.
[0030]
Among the catechins, in the formula (4), R ² , R ⁴ , R ′ ¹ , R ′ ² and R ′ ⁵ are hydrogen atoms or linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups having 4 to 10 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are compounds which are hydrogen atoms, and R ¹ , R ³ , R ′ ³ and R ′ ⁴ are a hydroxyl group or a methoxy group, particularly a hydroxyl group, and catechin and epicatechin are particularly preferred.
[0031]
Here, as an active ingredient of the urease inhibitor of the present invention, one compound may be selected from the above flavones, flavonols, dihydroflavonols and catechins, or two or more compounds ( Two or more compounds belonging to the same class may be selected).
[0032]
The flavones, flavonols, dihydroflavonols and catechins used as active ingredients of the urease inhibitor of the present invention can be extracted from plants containing one or more of these components.
[0033]
Specific examples of plants containing flavones, flavonols, dihydroflavonols or catechins include olives (Olea europaea), parsley (Petroselinum sativum), Scutellaria baicalensis, moss isola (Reseda luteola), honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) ), Twilight (Engelhardtia chrysolepis), wisteria tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata), tea (Thea sinensis), maggot salicina (Quercus salicina) and the like.
[0034]
The constituent parts of the plant used as the extraction raw material are not particularly limited, and for example, constituent parts such as leaves, branches, roots, bark, seeds, etc. can be used as the extraction raw material. Is preferably used as an extraction raw material.
[0035]
Extracts of flavones, flavonols, dihydroflavonols or catechins from plants containing flavones, flavonols, dihydroflavonols or catechins can be used in the state after the plant is left raw or dried, Or it can obtain by grind | pulverizing using a grinder and using for solvent extraction. As a solvent used for extraction, water, a hydrophilic organic solvent, or a mixed solution of water and a hydrophilic organic solvent is preferably used in a temperature range from room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent.
[0036]
Examples of water that can be used as the extraction solvent include pure water, tap water, well water, mineral spring water, mineral water, hot spring water, spring water, fresh water, and the like, as well as water that has been subjected to various treatments. Examples of the treatment applied to water include purification, heating, sterilization, filtration, ion exchange, adjustment of osmotic pressure, buffering, and the like. Therefore, the water that can be used as the extraction solvent in the present invention includes purified water, hot water, ion-exchanged water, physiological saline, phosphate buffer, phosphate buffered saline, and the like.
[0037]
Examples of hydrophilic organic solvents that can be used as the extraction solvent include lower alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, propylene alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol; lower aliphatic ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; 1,3-butylene glycol. C2-5 polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol, isopropylene glycol and glycerin, and the like. These hydrophilic organic solvents or a mixed solvent of hydrophilic organic solvent and water can be used.
[0038]
When a mixed solvent of water and a hydrophilic organic solvent is used as the extraction solvent, when the hydrophilic organic solvent is a lower alcohol, 1 to 90 parts by weight of the hydrophilic organic solvent with respect to 10 parts by weight of the water, the hydrophilic organic solvent Is a lower aliphatic ketone, 1 to 40 parts by weight of a hydrophilic organic solvent with respect to 10 parts by weight of water, and 10 to 90 parts by weight of a hydrophilic organic solvent with respect to 10 parts by weight of water when the hydrophilic organic solvent is a polyhydric alcohol. Is preferably blended.
[0039]
In the present invention, it is not necessary to employ a special extraction method for extracting flavones, flavonols, dihydroflavonols or catechins from plants, and the extraction can be performed using an arbitrary apparatus at room temperature or under reflux heating. it can. Specifically, the extraction raw material is put into a treatment tank filled with the extraction solvent, and is sometimes stirred to elute soluble components. Thereafter, filtration is performed to remove the extraction residue, and the resulting extract is concentrated and dried to obtain an extract containing flavones, flavonols, dihydroflavonols or catechins.
[0040]
The extraction conditions are usually about 40 minutes to 90 ° C. for about 30 minutes to 2 hours when water is used as the extraction solvent, and usually about 40 minutes when a mixed solvent of water and ethanol is used as the extraction solvent. It is about 30 minutes to 2 hours at -80 ° C. The extract obtained by extraction with a solvent can be used as it is as a component of a urease inhibitor as long as the extraction solvent is highly safe.
[0041]
The obtained extract can also be purified for the purpose of decolorization, deodorization, activity improvement, and the like. The purification means is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include activated carbon treatment, resin adsorption treatment, ion exchange resin treatment, and liquid-liquid countercurrent distribution. For example, a resin adsorption purification method in which a porous resin such as Sepa beads SP-207 and Diaion HP-20 (all manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) and a concentrated liquid are brought into contact with each other can be employed. In this case, the active ingredient adsorbed on the resin can be eluted with water, ethanol or the like.
[0042]
In the present invention, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of flavones, flavonols, dihydroflavonols and catechins, or a group consisting of flavones, flavonols, dihydroflavonols and catechins are selected. A plant containing one or more compounds or an extract of the plant is used as an active ingredient of a urease inhibitor, but other ingredients having a urease inhibitory action can be added as necessary.
[0043]
The dosage form and form of the urease inhibitor of the present invention are not particularly limited. For example, when a urease inhibitor is used for suppression of ammonia odor due to excrement or prevention of diaper rash (when the urease inhibitor is used as an ammonia odor suppressor or diaper rash prevention agent), the urease inhibitor is liquid, gel-like, It can be used in the form of a powder or the like, and a urease inhibitor can also be blended in lotions, sprays, mousses and the like. Such urease inhibitors can contain, for example, components such as humectants, pH adjusters, stabilizers, surfactants, antioxidants, deodorants and antibacterial agents. When the urease inhibitor is in a liquid or gel form, when the active ingredient is a compound, the compound is 0.00001 to 1% by mass, and when the active ingredient is an extract, the extract is 0.0001. It is preferable to contain in 10 to 10 mass% use composition.
[0044]
The urease inhibitor of the present invention can be used without particular limitation as long as ammonia is generated from urea by the action of urease.
[0045]
The urease inhibitor (diaper rash prevention agent) of the present invention can be contained in diapers, tissues, wipes, sanitary sheets, etc., or used as a wet tissue medicine, cleaning agent, or the like. The urease inhibitor can be contained in the diaper by, for example, applying or dipping a liquid composition containing the urease inhibitor into a diaper (cloth, paper, non-woven cloth, etc.) and drying. Moreover, the powdery composition containing a urease inhibitor can be mixed with a diaper, the composition containing a urease inhibitor can be mix | blended with a lotion, and the lotion can also be apply | coated to a diaper.
[0046]
When the urease inhibitor of the present invention is used for a disposable paper diaper having a configuration of a top sheet / liquid absorbing portion / back sheet, it is preferable to contain the urease inhibitor in the top sheet. The amount of urease inhibitor added to the top sheet (mass) is 0.00001 to 1% by mass for the compound when the active ingredient is a compound, and 0.0001 to 10% by mass for the extract when the active ingredient is an extract. % Is preferable.
[0047]
When the urease inhibitor of the present invention is used in a wet tissue, when the active ingredient is a compound, the compound is 0.00001 to 1% by mass, and when the active ingredient is an extract, the extract is 0.0001. It is preferable to make it contain in 10-10 mass% wet tissue.
[0048]
On the other hand, when the urease inhibitor of the present invention is used to prevent diarrhea, gastric ulcer, etc. caused by ammonia, the urease inhibitor can be used in dosage forms such as granules, fine granules, tablets, capsules and the like. At the same time, it can be added to food, or used as a health food material, pet food material, pharmaceutical material, and the like.
[0049]
Here, “food” refers to natural products and processed products containing one or more nutrients, and includes all foods and drinks. Specific examples of foods to which the urease inhibitor of the present invention can be added include confectionery such as chocolate, biscuits and candy, soft drinks such as juice, and lactic acid beverages such as milk and yogurt.
[0050]
In the above case, the urease inhibitor has various components commonly used in foods, pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, cosmetics, pet materials, etc., as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, such as binders, Absorption accelerators, lubricants, emulsifiers, surfactants, antioxidants, preservatives, colorants, fragrances, sweeteners, and the like can be blended. The urease inhibitor of the present invention can also be used in combination with other urease inhibitors, lipase inhibitors, protease inhibitors and the like.
[0051]
The dosage of the urease inhibitor of the present invention is usually 0.01 to 10,000 mg / kg (body weight) per day in terms of the total amount of active ingredients flavones, flavonols, dihydroflavonols and catechins. It is preferably 0.1 to 1,000 mg / kg (body weight). The daily dose can be administered once to several times, but the dose and frequency of administration can be appropriately changed according to age, sex, individual differences, medical conditions, and the like.
[0052]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0053]
〔Example〕
Using 50% by mass ethanol, luteolin (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries), baicalein (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries), apigenin (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries), kaempferol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries), quercetin (Manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), Morin (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), taxifolin (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), amperopsin, (+)-catechin (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and (−)-epicatechin (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was dissolved and diluted to prepare sample solutions with sample concentrations of 8000 to 800 μg / ml, and the urease activity inhibition rate of each sample solution was measured by the following method.
[0054]
In addition, as amperopsin, the extract obtained from Fuji tea as follows was used.
2000 ml of water was added to 200 g of dried wisteria leaves and extracted at 90 ° C. for 1 hour, followed by filtration with filter paper to obtain Extract A. Further, 2000 ml of water was added again to the extraction residue, and similarly, extraction was performed by heating at 90 ° C. for 1 hour, followed by filtration with filter paper to obtain Extract B. The extract (A + B) obtained by mixing the extract A and the extract B is passed through a glass column packed with 300 ml of a porous resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, HP-20), and flavonoids containing amperopsin as a main component. Adsorbed. After washing the adsorbed porous resin with 600 ml of water, 80% ethanol was allowed to flow to elute the adsorbed components. The obtained eluate was concentrated and dried under reduced pressure to obtain a Fuji tea extract (powder).
[0055]
Sample solution 100 μl, urease (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Natsume origin, 19 U / ml, 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)) 400 μl and sodium salicylate / sodium nitroprusside solution (sodium salicylate 40 g / l, sodium nitroprusside) 1500 μl of 2 g / l, 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)) was mixed well and stored at 37 ° C. for 15 minutes. 2 ml of sodium hypochlorite / sodium hydroxide solution (20 ml of 5% sodium hypochlorite, 15 g / l of sodium hydroxide) was added to the enzyme reaction solution, followed by reaction at 37 ° C. for 10 minutes. Indophenol produced by this reaction was measured by absorbance at a wavelength of 570 nm. Further, as a control, the same operation and absorbance measurement were performed on a sample obtained by adding 50% by mass ethanol instead of the sample solution.
[0056]
From the results of the absorbance measurement, the urease activity inhibition rate was calculated by the following formula.
Urease activity inhibition rate (%) = 1-[(A1-A0) / (A3-A2)] × 100
A0: Absorbance when the sample solution is added; Before the enzyme reaction A1: Absorbance when the sample solution is added; After the enzyme reaction is started A2: Absorbance when the control is added; A3: Before the enzyme reaction is started A3: Control is added Absorbance in case: After starting enzyme reaction
The urease activity inhibition rate was measured by changing the sample concentration of the sample solution stepwise from 20 to 200 μg / ml, and the sample concentration (IC50) of the sample solution at which the inhibition rate was 50% was determined. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0058]
[Comparative Example]
Liquiritigenin (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and Naringenin (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) as flavanones, isoliquiritigenin (manufactured by Maruzen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Ricochalcone A (manufactured by Maruzen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), isoflavones, For daidzein (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and formononetin (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) as classes, urease activity inhibition rate was measured in the same manner as in the Examples. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0059]
[Table 1]

[0060]
From the results in Table 1, flavones, flavonols, dihydroflavonols and catechins have a strong urease activity inhibitory effect.
[0061]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a urease inhibitor having excellent urease activity inhibitory effect and high safety, a highly safe ammonia odor inhibitor capable of effectively suppressing ammonia odor due to manure, and diaper rash caused by ammonia A highly safe diaper rash preventing agent that can be effectively prevented is obtained.

Claims (2)

A urease inhibitor (for suppressing ammonia odor and treating gastric ulcer ), comprising as an active ingredient one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of luteolin, baicalein, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, morin and taxifolin Except for) . A diaper anti-shock agent used in diapers, wipes, sanitary sheets or wet tissues,
An anti-diaper rash inhibitor comprising one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of luteolin, baicalein, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, morin and taxifolin as an active ingredient.