JP4429152B2 - Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic forming method using the same, and electrophotographic apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to electrophotographic technology, and more particularly to an electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a triphenylene compound in a photosensitive layer, an electrophotographic forming method using the electrophotographic photosensitive member, an electrophotographic apparatus, and an electrophotographic process cartridge.

  In recent years, the development of information processing system machines using electrophotography has been remarkable. In particular, laser printers and digital copiers that record information using light by converting information into digital signals have improved their print quality and reliability. It is remarkable. Furthermore, information recording technology using electrophotography has been applied to laser printers or digital copiers capable of full-color printing by merging with high-speed technology. From such a background, it is particularly important to achieve both high image quality and high durability as a required photoreceptor function.

As photoconductors used in the above-mentioned electrophotographic laser printers and digital copiers, those using organic photosensitive materials (OPC) are generally widely applied for reasons such as cost, productivity and non-pollution. Has been.
The layer structure of the OPC photoreceptor is roughly divided into a single layer type and a function separation type laminated structure. The first practical OPC, the PVK-TNF charge transfer complex type photoreceptor, was the former single layer type. On the other hand, in 1968, Hayashi and Regensburger independently invented PVK / a-Se laminated photoreceptors, and then in 1977, Melz et al., In 1978, Schlosser, developed organic pigment dispersion layers and organic low molecular weight dispersion polymer layers. A multi-layer photosensitive body in which all of the photosensitive layer is made of an organic material has been announced. These photoreceptors are composed of a charge generation layer (CGL) that absorbs light and generates charges, and a charge transport layer (CTL) that injects and transports the charges generated by CGL and neutralizes surface charges. Since it is a basic one, it is also called a function-separated type laminated photoconductor.

  The above development has dramatically improved sensitivity and durability compared to conventional single-layer photoreceptors. In addition, since the function separation type allows so-called charge generation material (CGM) and charge transport material (CTM) having different functions to be individually molecularly designed, the selection range of materials is greatly increased. For these reasons, the function-separated type laminated photoconductor is the mainstream in the configuration of the current OPC photoconductor.

  The mechanism of electrostatic latent image formation in the function-separated type photoconductor is roughly as follows. That is, when the photosensitive member is charged and then irradiated with light, the light passes through the charge transport layer and is absorbed by the charge generation material in the charge generation layer to generate charges. The generated charges are injected into the charge transport layer at the interface between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer, and further moved through the charge transport layer by an electric field to cancel the surface charge of the photoreceptor, thereby forming an electrostatic latent image. .

  However, organic photoconductors have large film scraping due to repeated use, and when the photosensitive layer film is scraped, the charged potential of the photoconductor decreases, the photosensitivity deteriorates, the soiling due to scratches on the surface of the photoconductor, image, etc. There is a strong tendency for density reduction or image quality degradation to be promoted. Therefore, the wear resistance of organic photoreceptors has been cited as a major problem. Further, in recent years, with the increase in the speed of an electrophotographic apparatus or the reduction in the diameter of the photoreceptor accompanying the downsizing of the apparatus, it has become a more important issue to improve the durability of the photoreceptor.

Methods for improving the abrasion resistance of the photoreceptor include a method for imparting lubricity to the photosensitive layer, a method for curing, a method for containing a filler, or a polymer layer in which low molecular charge transporting substance (CTM) molecules are dispersed. Instead, a method using a polymer charge transport material is widely known.
However, when the abrasion resistance is improved by these methods to suppress the abrasion of the photosensitive layer, a new problem arises. That is, ozone, NOx, or other oxidizing substances generated from repeated use or the surrounding environment are adsorbed on the surface of the photosensitive layer, leading to low resistance on the outermost surface, and causing problems such as image flow (image blur). It is known.

Conventionally, the problem has been avoided to some extent by removing the image blurring substance little by little along with the photosensitive layer. However, as described above, in order to meet the recent demand for higher resolution and higher durability, this problem must be solved by a new method.
For example, as a method for reducing the above problem, there is a method of mounting a heater on the photosensitive member, which is a great obstacle to downsizing the apparatus and reducing power consumption.
Alternatively, the use of an additive such as an antioxidant is also an effective means. However, since the additive generally has no photoconductivity, adding a large amount to the photosensitive layer lowers the sensitivity and raises the residual potential. There is a problem that the electrophotographic characteristics are deteriorated.
As described above, an electrophotographic photosensitive member imparted with high wear resistance or reduced in scraping due to the process design around the photosensitive member is affected by the occurrence of image blurring and reduction in resolution as a secondary effect. Therefore, it has been considered difficult to achieve both high durability and high image quality.

On the other hand, in order to protect against corona charging and improve the resistance to expansion of the latent image, it has been proposed that the photoconductor contains an aromatic compound having a dialkylamino group as an acid scavenger (for example, patents). Reference 1).
This aromatic compound having a dialkylamino group is effective for improving the image quality after repeated use, but has a low charge transport ability and a limited amount of addition, requiring high sensitivity and high speed. It is difficult to cope with.

Furthermore, a stilbene compound having a dialkylamino group that has been proposed as a carrier transport material for electrophotographic photoreceptors (for example, see Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3) has an effect on image blur caused by an oxidation-resistant gas. Has been reported (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
However, since the above compound has a substituent (dialkylamino group) exhibiting a strong mesomeric effect (+ M effect) at the resonance site of the triarylamine structure, which is a charge transport site, the overall ionization potential value is abnormal. Becomes smaller. Therefore, the charge retention ability of the photosensitive layer when used alone as a charge transporting material has a fatal defect that it is remarkably deteriorated from the beginning or by repeated use, and it is very difficult to put it to practical use.
Even if mixed with other charge transporting substances, the ionization potential values of the stilbene compounds are considerably smaller than those, so that the stilbene compounds become hole trap sites for mobile charges, the sensitivity is remarkably low, and the residual potential is low. There is a problem that it becomes a large electrophotographic photosensitive member.

In addition, the present applicant has already proposed an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer containing an amine compound having a dialkylamino group as an active ingredient (see, for example, Patent Document 4). As a result, image deterioration due to image density reduction and image blur was suppressed, high-quality images were obtained, and long-term durability was improved.
However, it is not sufficient to cope with the future speedup of electrophotography, and further performance improvement is required.

As described above, in recent years, due to the reduction in the diameter of the photosensitive member accompanying the increase in the speed of the electrophotographic apparatus or the downsizing of the apparatus, the high-speed response and stability of the photosensitive member have become even more important issues. For this reason, there is a need for charge transport materials with faster responsiveness.
Conventionally, the following charge transport materials have been commercialized and are known to be used for electrophotographic photoreceptors. For example, 1,1-bis (p-diethylaminophenyl) -4,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (see, for example, Patent Document 5), 5- [4- (N, N-di-p-tolylamino) ) Benzylidene] -5H-dibenzo [a, d] cycloheptene (see, for example, Patent Document 6), 9-methylcarbazole-3-aldehyde 1,1-diphenylhydrazone, pyrene-1-aldehyde 1,1-diphenylhydrazone ( For example, see Patent Document 7.) 4′-bis (4-methylphenyl) amino-α-phenylstilbene, N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1 '-Biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine, 9,9-dimethyl-2- (di-p-tolylamino) fluorene, and the like.

A general charge transport layer is a solid solution film of about 10 to 30 μm formed by dispersing the low molecular charge transport material in a binder resin. As the binder resin, bisphenol-based polycarbonate resin, polyarylate resin, or a copolymer of these with other resins is used in most electrophotographic photoreceptors.
However, since the low-molecular charge transport material does not have a response that can sufficiently cope with a faster process speed in the future, a charge transport material having a faster response instead of these is desired.

JP 2000-231204 A JP-A-60-196768 Japanese Patent No. 2884353 JP 2004-62131 A JP 62-30255 A JP-A-63-225660 JP 58-159536 A Itami et al., Konica Technical Report, 13, 37, 2000

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described prior art, has high-speed response that can cope with an increase in electrophotographic process speed, has high durability even for long-term repeated use, and has an image density. The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that suppresses image deterioration due to reduction and occurrence of image blurring and that can stably obtain a high-quality image, and uses the photosensitive member of the present invention to produce a high-quality image even in repeated use. Provided are an electrophotographic forming method that can be stably obtained, an electrophotographic apparatus that eliminates the need for replacement of a photoconductor, and that realizes downsizing of the device accompanying high-speed printing or a reduction in the diameter of the photoconductor, and an electrophotographic process cartridge. For the purpose.

  As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the photosensitive layer contains at least a specific triphenylene compound as a charge transport material, thereby improving durability and preventing image blur (image blur) due to an oxidizing gas, etc. The present inventors have found that the above problem can be solved with high responsiveness even at a high process speed. Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described.

That is, the present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive support.
The photosensitive layer is an electrophotographic photosensitive member containing at least a triphenylene compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a charge transport material and a charge generation material .

(Wherein R ¹ and R ² represent an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms , a fluorene group having an alkyl group as a substituent, or a phenyl group having an alkyl group or an alkoxy group as a substituent , However, ^one of R ¹ and R ² is an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, R ³ represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and n is Represents an integer of 1 to 4)

  Here, the photosensitive layer further contains a charge transport material other than the triphenylene compound represented by the general formula (1).

  In the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the charge transport material is preferably a stilbene compound represented by the following general formula (2).

[Wherein n represents 0 or 1, R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, Ar ¹ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R ⁵ represents a carbon number of 1 Represents an alkyl group of ˜4, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Ar ¹ and R ⁵ may combine with each other to form a ring. A represents the following general formula (3a) or (3b):

Alternatively, it represents a 9-anthryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group. (Where R ² is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, or the following general formula (4):

(However, R ³ and R ⁴ represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R ³ and R ⁴ may be the same or different, and R ³ and R ⁴ may combine with each other to form a ring. ), M represents an integer of 1 to 3, and when m is 2 or more, R ² may be the same or different. In addition, when n is 0, A and R ¹ may be bonded to each other to form a ring. ]

  In the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the charge transport material is preferably an aminobiphenyl compound represented by the following general formula (5).

Wherein R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are a hydrogen atom, amino group, alkoxy group, thioalkoxy group, aryloxy group, methylenedioxy group, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, halogen atom or substituted or unsubstituted R ² represents a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a halogen atom, except that R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are all hydrogen atoms. K, l, m and n are integers of 1 to 4, and when each is an integer of 2, 3 or 4, R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are the same or different. May be good.)

  In the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the charge transport material is preferably a polymer charge transport material.

  In the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the polymer charge transport material is preferably a polymer material represented by the following general formula (6).

[Wherein, R ₇ and R ₈ represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Ar ₁ , Ar ₂ , and Ar ₃ represent the same or different aromatic ring groups. k and j represent the composition, 0.1 ≦ k ≦ 1, 0 ≦ j ≦ 0.9, n represents the number of repeating units, and is an integer of 5 to 5000. X is an aliphatic divalent group, a cycloaliphatic divalent group, or the following general formula (7):

(Wherein R ₁₀₁ and R ₁₀₂ each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, an aromatic ring group or a halogen atom. L and m are integers of 0 to 4, Y is single bond, a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, -O -, - S -, - SO -, - SO 2 -, - CO -, [- CO-O-Z -O-CO-] (wherein Z represents an aliphatic divalent group), or the following general formula (8):

(Wherein, a represents an integer of 1 to 20, b represents an integer of 1 to 2000, R ₁₀₃ and R ₁₀₄ represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or an aryl group). Here, R ₁₀₁ and R ₁₀₂ , and R ₁₀₃ and R ₁₀₄ may be the same or different. ]

  Furthermore, in the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the polymer charge transport material is preferably a polymer material represented by the following general formula (9).

[Wherein Ar ₁ , Ar ₂ , Ar ₃ , Ar ₄ and Ar ₅ are substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring groups, Z is an aromatic ring group, or [—Ar ₆ —Za—Ar ₆ —] (wherein Ar ₆ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Za represents O, S or an alkylene group. R and R ′ represent a linear or branched alkylene group, and m represents 0 or 1. k, j, n and X are the same as in the previous equation (6). ]

Further, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic forming method in which at least charging, image exposure, development, and transfer are repeatedly performed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member is an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of the above, and relates to an electrophotographic forming method.

  Further, in the above-described electrophotographic forming method, the electrostatic latent image writing on the photosensitive member in the image exposure is performed by a digital method.

The present invention also provides an electrophotographic apparatus comprising at least a charging unit, an image exposing unit, a developing unit, a transferring unit, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic apparatus, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is constituted by any one of the electrophotographic photoreceptors described above.

  In the electrophotographic apparatus, the electrostatic latent image writing on the photosensitive member by the image exposure unit is a digital method.

Further, the present invention includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, an image exposure unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, a cleaning unit, and a neutralizing unit, and is integrally supported. In the process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus that is detachable from the photographic apparatus main body,
The electrophotographic photosensitive member is an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and relates to a process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus.

  According to the electrophotographic photosensitive member provided with the photosensitive layer containing the triphenylene compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention, there is high-speed response, high sensitivity, and high resolution over a long period of time. It is possible to achieve both high durability and high image quality. By using this electrophotographic photosensitive member, it is possible to provide an electrophotographic forming method capable of stably obtaining a high-quality image even in repeated use, and realize miniaturization of the apparatus accompanying high-speed printing and a reduction in the diameter of the photosensitive member. It is possible to provide an electrophotographic apparatus and an electrophotographic process cartridge.

Details of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, an electrophotographic forming method using the same, an electrophotographic apparatus, and an electrophotographic process cartridge will be described below.
As described above, the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention contains at least a triphenylene compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a charge transport material in the photosensitive layer.

(In the formula, R ¹ and R ² represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and may be the same or different, provided that either one of R ¹ and R ² is substituted or R ¹ and R ² may be bonded to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, and R ³ is a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted. An alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a halogen atom is represented, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4.)

  The triphenylene compound represented by the general formula (1) includes a corresponding boron derivative represented by the following general formula (10) and 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, represented by the following general formula (11). It can be produced by reacting with 11-hexahalogentriphenylene.

(In the formula, R ¹ and R ² represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and may be the same or different, provided that either one of R ¹ and R ² is substituted or R ¹ and R ² may be bonded to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, and R ³ is a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted. An alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a halogen atom is represented, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4.)

  (In the formula, X represents a halogen atom.)

  A specific method for producing the triphenylene compound represented by the general formula (1) is represented by the general formula (10) using metallic palladium in the presence or absence of a basic substance (base). And a mixture of a hexahalogen triphenylene represented by the general formula (11) or a salt thereof at a temperature of about 100 to 250 degrees.

  The solvent used in the above reaction is not particularly limited as long as it does not adversely affect the reaction. For example, water; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform and dichloroethane; halogenated aromatic carbonization such as dichlorobenzene Hydrogen; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and anisole; esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; nitriles such as acetonitrile; N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide Amides such as; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and the like. These solvents may be used in combination.

Examples of the basic substance used for the reaction as necessary include potassium acetate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, triethylamine and the like. Specifically, the amount used is 1 to 3 times the mol of the boron derivative represented by the general formula (10).
Examples of the metal palladium used include inorganic palladium salts such as palladium chloride; organic palladium salts such as palladium acetate; tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0), bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) chloride, Examples include organic palladium complexes such as 1,1′-bis (diphenylphosphino) ferroceneparadiu-free (II) chloride. Specifically, the amount used is 0.001 to 0.5 moles compared to the boron derivative represented by the general formula (10).

Specific examples of the alkyl group in the general formula (1) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a hexyl group, and an undecanyl group. The aromatic hydrocarbon group includes aromatic rings such as benzene, biphenyl, naphthalene, anthracene, fluorene and pyrene, and aromatic heterocyclic groups such as pyridine, quinoline, thiophene, furan, oxazole, oxadiazole and carbazole. Is mentioned.
In addition, as these substituents, those exemplified in the specific examples of the alkyl group, alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, butoxy group, or fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, etc. Examples thereof include a halogen atom, the aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a heterocyclic group such as pyrrolidine, piperidine, and piperazine. Further, when R ¹ and R ² are bonded to each other to form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, the heterocyclic group is a condensed heterocyclic ring in which an aromatic hydrocarbon group is condensed to a pyrrolidino group, piperidino group, piperazino group or the like. The group can be mentioned.
Table 1 lists preferred examples of the triphenylene compound of the present invention represented by the general formula (1). However, the present invention is not limited to these compounds.

By containing the triphenylene compound represented by the general formula (1) in the photosensitive layer, high-speed response, high sensitivity, and high resolution image quality can be obtained over a long period of time, and high durability and high performance can be obtained. Both image quality can be achieved.
That is, the triphenylene compound of the present invention contains a large number of phenylamine groups (> N-phenyl), thereby exhibiting high-speed response (high mobility). On the other hand, the details of the reason for maintaining high image quality with repeated use are not necessarily clear, but since the alkylamino group contained in the molecular structure is a strongly basic group, It is estimated that there is an effect of neutralizing the considered oxidizing gas and maintaining high image quality. Furthermore, it has been found that the triphenylene compound of the present invention can be further improved in high sensitivity and repetitive stability when used in combination with other charge transport materials.

Next, the layer structure of the electrophotographic photosensitive member will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the present invention. In FIG. 1, a photosensitive layer 33 mainly composed of a charge generation material and a charge transport material is provided on a conductive support 31. The charge transport material for the photosensitive layer 33 includes at least the triphenylene compound of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing another example (1) of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the present invention. In FIG. 2, a charge generation layer 35 mainly composed of a charge generation material and a charge transport layer 37 mainly composed of a charge transport material are stacked on a conductive support 31. The charge transport layer 37 contains at least the triphenylene compound of the present invention as a charge transport material.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing another example (2) of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the present invention. In FIG. 3, a photosensitive layer 33 mainly composed of a charge generation material and a charge transport material is provided on a conductive support 31, and a protective layer 39 is provided on the surface of the photosensitive layer. The charge transport material for the photosensitive layer 33 includes at least the triphenylene compound of the present invention. In this case, the protective layer 39 may contain the triphenylene compound of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing another example (3) of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the present invention. In FIG. 4, a charge generation layer 35 mainly composed of a charge generation material and a charge transport layer 37 mainly composed of a charge transport material are laminated on a conductive support 31. A protective layer 39 is provided on the transport layer. The charge transport layer 37 contains at least the triphenylene compound of the present invention as a charge transport material. In this case, the protective layer 39 may contain the triphenylene compound of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example (4) of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the present invention. In FIG. 5, a charge transport layer 37 containing a charge transport material as a main component and a charge generation layer 35 containing a charge generation material as a main component are stacked on a conductive support 31. A protective layer 39 is provided on the generation layer. The charge transport layer 37 contains at least the triphenylene compound of the present invention as a charge transport material. In this case, the protective layer 39 may contain the triphenylene compound of the present invention.

Examples of the conductive support 31 constituting the electrophotographic photosensitive member include those having a volume resistance of 10 ¹⁰ Ω · cm or less, such as aluminum, nickel, chromium, nichrome, copper, gold, silver, and platinum. Metal or metal oxide such as tin oxide or indium oxide coated on film or cylindrical plastic or paper by vapor deposition or sputtering, or a plate of aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, stainless steel, etc. After the tube is made by a method such as drawing, a tube subjected to surface treatment such as cutting, superfinishing or polishing can be used. Further, an endless nickel belt and an endless stainless steel belt disclosed in JP-A-52-36016 can also be used as the conductive support 31.

In addition to the above, the conductive support 31 of the present invention can be used in which conductive powder is dispersed and coated in a suitable binder resin on the support. That is, the conductive layer can be provided by dispersing the conductive powder and the binder resin in a suitable solvent, for example, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene or the like and applying the dispersion onto the support.
Examples of the conductive powder include carbon black, acetylene black, metal powder such as aluminum, nickel, iron, nichrome, copper, zinc, and silver, or metal oxide powder such as conductive tin oxide and ITO. .
The binder resin used simultaneously is polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer. , Polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, polyarylate resin, phenoxy resin, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate resin, ethyl cellulose resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl toluene, poly-N-vinyl carbazole, acrylic resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, Examples thereof include thermoplastic, thermosetting resins, and photocurable resins such as melamine resin, urethane resin, phenol resin, and alkyd resin.

  Furthermore, it is electrically conductive by a heat-shrinkable tube in which the conductive powder is contained in a material such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyester, polystyrene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, chlorinated rubber, Teflon (registered trademark) on a suitable cylindrical substrate. Those provided with a conductive layer can also be used favorably as the conductive support 31 of the present invention.

Next, the photosensitive layer constituting the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention will be described.
The photosensitive layer may be a single layer or a laminate, but for convenience of explanation, the case where it is composed of the charge generation layer 35 and the charge transport layer 37 will be described first (FIGS. 2, 4, and 5).
The charge generation layer 35 is a layer composed mainly of a charge generation material, and a known charge generation material can be used. For example, representative examples thereof include C.I. Pigment Blue 25 (Color Index CI 21180), C.I. Pigment Red 41 (CI 21200), C.I. Acid Red 52 (CI 45100), C.I. Basic Red 3 (CI 45210), and an azo pigment having a carbazole skeleton (CI 45210). For example, described in JP-A-53-95033), azo pigments having a distyrylbenzene skeleton (for example, described in JP-A-53-133445), azo pigments having a triphenylamine skeleton (for example, JP No. 53-132347), azo pigments having a dibenzothiophene skeleton (for example, described in JP-A No. 54-21728), azo pigments having an oxadiazole skeleton (for example, JP-A No. 54-12742) Fluoreno) An azo pigment having a skeleton (for example, described in JP-A No. 54-22834), an azo pigment having a bis-stilbene skeleton (for example, described in JP-A No. 54-17733), a distyryloxadiazole skeleton Azo pigments having a distyrylcarbazole skeleton (for example, described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-14967), azo pigments having a benzanthrone skeleton, etc. An azo pigment etc. are mentioned. Further, for example, CI Pigment Blue 16 (CI 74100), Y-type oxotitanium phthalocyanine (for example, described in JP-A No. 64-17066), A (β) -type oxotitanium phthalocyanine, B (α) -type oxotitanium phthalocyanine Type I oxotitanium phthalocyanine (for example, described in JP-A No. 11-21466), type II chlorogallium phthalocyanine (for example, described in Iijima et al., The 67th Annual Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1B4, 04 (1994)), V-type hydroxygallium phthalocyanine (for example, described in Daimon et al., The 67th Annual Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1B4, 05 (1994)), X-type metal-free phthalocyanine (for example, US Pat. No. 3,816,118) Phthalocyanine pigments such as C.I. 73410), indigo-based pigments such as CI bat die (CI 73030), manufactured by Argo Scarlet B (Bayer AG), such as perylene pigment, such as in-closet Ren Scarlet R (manufactured by Bayer Co., Ltd.) and the like. In addition, these materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The charge generation layer 35 is obtained by dispersing the charge generation material in a suitable solvent together with a binder resin, if necessary, using a ball mill, an attritor, a sand mill, an ultrasonic wave, or the like, and coating this on a conductive support. It can be formed by drying.
As the binder resin used for the charge generation layer 35 as necessary, polyamide, polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyketone, polycarbonate, silicone resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl ketone, polystyrene, polysulfone, poly-N -Vinylcarbazole, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl benzal, polyester, phenoxy resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyphenylene oxide, polyamide, polyvinyl pyridine, cellulosic resin, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, etc. Can be mentioned.
The amount of the binder resin is suitably 0 to 500 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 300 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the charge generating material. The binder resin may be added before or after dispersion.

  Examples of the solvent used above include isopropanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethyl cellosolve, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, monochlorobenzene, cyclohexane, toluene, xylene, ligroin, and the like. In particular, ketone solvents, ester solvents, and ether solvents are preferably used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

As described above, the charge generation layer 35 includes a charge generation material, a solvent, and a binder resin as main components, and any additive such as a sensitizer, a dispersant, a surfactant, and silicone oil is contained therein. It may be included.
Moreover, as a coating method of a coating liquid, methods such as dip coating, spray coating, beat coating, nozzle coating, spinner coating, and ring coating can be used. The film thickness of the charge generation layer 35 is suitably about 0.01 to 5 μm, preferably 0.1 to 2 μm.

  Next, the charge transport layer 37 constituting the photosensitive layer is a layer formed mainly of a charge transport material containing at least a triphenylene compound represented by the general formula (1) as described above. The charge transport layer 37 can further contain a charge transport material other than the triphenylene compound represented by the general formula (1). The triphenylene compound used in the present invention does not cause problems such as a decrease in sensitivity and an increase in residual potential even when other charge transport materials are used in combination, and conversely, an improvement in performance is brought about.

  Examples of the charge transport material other than the triphenylene compound include a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a polymer charge transport material. Hereinafter, the hole transport material, the electron transport material, and the polymer charge transport material will be described.

<Hole transport material>
Examples of the hole transport material include poly-N-carbazole and derivatives thereof, poly-γ-carbazolylethyl glutamate and derivatives thereof, pyrene-formaldehyde condensates and derivatives thereof, polyvinylpyrene, polyvinylphenanthrene, oxazole derivatives, imidazole Derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives and the following general formulas (2), (5), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (17), (19), (20 ), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), (27), and (29). Although not limited, the hole transport materials of the general formulas (2) and (5) are particularly preferably used in the present invention.

[Wherein n represents 0 or 1, R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, Ar ¹ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R ⁵ represents a carbon number of 1 Represents an alkyl group of ˜4, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Ar ¹ and R ⁵ may combine with each other to form a ring. A represents the following general formula (3a) or (3b):

Alternatively, it represents a 9-anthryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group. (Where R ² is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, or the following general formula (4):

(However, R ³ and R ⁴ represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R ³ and R ⁴ may be the same or different, and R ³ and R ⁴ may combine with each other to form a ring. ), M represents an integer of 1 to 3, and when m is 2 or more, R ² may be the same or different. In addition, when n is 0, A and R ¹ may be bonded to each other to form a ring. ]

Wherein R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are a hydrogen atom, amino group, alkoxy group, thioalkoxy group, aryloxy group, methylenedioxy group, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, halogen atom or substituted or unsubstituted R ² represents a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a halogen atom, except that R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are all hydrogen atoms. K, l, m and n are integers of 1 to 4, and when each is an integer of 2, 3 or 4, R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are the same or different. May be good.)

Wherein R ¹ represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, a 2-hydroxyethyl group or a 2-chloroethyl group, R ² represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, a benzyl group or a phenyl group, R ³ represents a hydrogen atom, chlorine An atom, a bromine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a dialkylamino group, or a nitro group is represented.)

  (In the formula, Ar represents a naphthalene ring, anthracene ring, pyrene ring and a substituted product thereof, or a pyridine ring, a furan ring, and a thiophene ring, and R represents an alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a benzyl group.)

Wherein R ¹ represents an alkyl group, a benzyl group, a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, and R ² represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a dialkylamino group, a dialkyl group, Represents an aralkylamino group or a diarylamino group, n represents an integer of 1 to 4, and when n is 2 or more, R ² may be the same or different, and R ³ represents a hydrogen atom or a methoxy group.

(In the formula, R ¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a heterocyclic group, and R ² and R ³ may be the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom or a carbon number. It represents an alkyl group of 1 to 4, a hydroxyalkyl group, a chloroalkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, and R ² and R ³ may be bonded to each other to form a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring. ⁴ may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a halogen atom.

  (In the formula, R represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, or carbazolyl group.)

(In the formula, R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and Ar represents the general formulas (18a) and (18b):

R ² represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ³ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a dialkylamino group, n is 1 or 2, and when n is 2, R ³ may be the same or different, and R ⁴ and R ⁵ are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or Represents an unsubstituted benzyl group. )

  Wherein R is a carbazolyl group, pyridyl group, thienyl group, indolyl group, furyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, styryl group, naphthyl group, or anthryl group, and these substituents are dialkylamino Group, alkyl group, alkoxy group, carboxy group or ester thereof, halogen atom, cyano group, aralkylamino group, N-alkyl-N-aralkylamino group, amino group, nitro group, and acetylamino group Represents a group.)

(In the formula, R ¹ represents a lower alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a benzyl group, and R ² and R ³ represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, and an amino group. Alternatively, it represents an amino group substituted with a lower alkyl group or a benzyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 or 2.)

(Wherein R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a halogen atom, R ² and R ³ represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R ⁴ represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted group. Represents a substituted phenyl group, and Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a naphthyl group.)

(Wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ³ represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a halogen atom or a dialkylamino group, and n represents 0 or 1)

(In the formula, R ¹ and R ² represent an alkyl group containing a substituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and A represents a substituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or an allyl group.)

  (In the formula, X represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a halogen atom, R represents an alkyl group containing a substituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and A represents a substituted amino group or a substituted or unsubstituted group. Represents an aryl group.)

(Wherein R ¹ represents a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group or a halogen atom, R ² and R ³ may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group or a halogen atom; l, m, and n represent an integer of 0 to 4.)

(In the formula, Ar represents a condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon group having 18 or less carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and R ¹ and R ² are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group. Represents a group, an alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, which may be the same or different, and n represents an integer of 1 or 2.)

  [In the formula, Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, and A represents a general formula (28):

(Wherein Ar ′ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R ¹ and R ² represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group). ]

  (In the formula, Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, R represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. N is 0 or 1, m is When 1 or 2 and n = 0 and m = 1, Ar and R may be bonded to each other to form a ring.)

  Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (2) include 4'-diphenylamino-α-phenylstilbene and 4'-bis (4-methylphenyl) amino-α-phenylstilbene.

  Examples of the biphenylylamine compound represented by the general formula (5) include 4′-methoxy-N, N-diphenyl- [1,1′-biphenyl] -4-amine and 4′-methyl-N. , N-bis (4-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4-amine, 4′-methoxy-N, N-bis (4-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]- 4-amine, N, N-bis (3,4-dimethylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4-amine and the like.

  Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (12) include 9-ethylcarbazole-3-carbaldehyde 1-methyl-1-phenylhydrazone, 9-ethylcarbazole-3-carbaldehyde 1-benzyl-1-phenyl. Examples include hydrazone, 9-ethylcarbazole-3-carbaldehyde 1, 1-diphenylhydrazone.

  Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (13) include 4-diethylaminostyryl-β-carbaldehyde 1-methyl-1-phenylhydrazone, 4-methoxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde 1-benzyl-1- There is phenyl hydrazone.

  Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (14) include 4-methoxybenzaldehyde 1-methyl-1-phenylhydrazone, 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 1-benzyl-1-phenylhydrazone, 4-diethylaminobenzaldehyde 1, 1 -Diphenylhydrazone, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde 1- (4-methoxy) phenylhydrazone, 4-diphenylaminobenzaldehyde 1-benzyl-1-phenylhydrazone, 4-dibenzylaminobenzaldehyde 1, 1-diphenylhydrazone and the like.

  Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (15) include 1,1-bis (4-dibenzylaminophenyl) propane, tris (4-diethylaminophenyl) methane, 1,1-bis (4-dibenzylamino). Phenyl) propane, 2,2′-dimethyl-4,4′-bis (diethylamino) -triphenylmethane, and the like.

  Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (16) include 9- (4-diethylaminostyryl) anthracene and 9-bromo-10- (4-diethylaminostyryl) anthracene.

  Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (17) include 9- (4-dimethylaminobenzylidene) fluorene and 3- (9-fluorenylidene) -9-ethylcarbazole.

  Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (19) include 1,2-bis (4-diethylaminostyryl) benzene and 1,2-bis (2,4-dimethoxystyryl) benzene.

  Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (20) include 3-styryl-9-ethylcarbazole and 3- (4-methoxystyryl) -9-ethylcarbazole.

  Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (21) include 4-diphenylaminostilbene, 4-dibenzylaminostilbene, 4-ditolylaminostilbene, 1- (4-diphenylaminostyryl) naphthalene, 1- (4 -Diphenylaminostyryl) naphthalene.

  Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (22) include 1-phenyl-3- (4-diethylaminostyryl) -5- (4-diethylaminophenyl) pyrazoline.

  Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (23) include 2,5-bis (4-diethylaminophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2-N, N-diphenylamino-5- (4 -Diethylaminophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2- (4-dimethylaminophenyl) -5- (4-diethylaminophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole and the like.

  Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (24) include 2-N, N-diphenylamino-5- (N-ethylcarbazol-3-yl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2- ( 4-diethylaminophenyl) -5- (N-ethylcarbazol-3-yl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole.

  Examples of the benzidine compound represented by the general formula (25) include N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-. Examples include diamine, 3,3′-dimethyl-N, N, N ′, N′-tetrakis (4-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diamine.

  Examples of the triarylamine compound represented by the general formula (26) include N, N-diphenyl-pyrene-1-amine, N, N-di-p-tolyl-pyren-1-amine, and N, N- Di-p-tolyl-1-naphthylamine, N, N-di (p-tolyl) -1-phenanthrylamine, 9,9-dimethyl-2- (di-p-tolylamino) fluorene, N, N, N Examples include ', N'-tetrakis (4-methylphenyl) -phenanthrene-9,10-diamine and N, N, N', N'-tetrakis (3-methylphenyl) -m-phenylenediamine.

  Examples of the diolefin aromatic compound represented by the general formula (27) include 1,4-bis (4-diphenylaminostyryl) benzene and 1,4-bis [4-di (p-tolyl) aminostyryl]. There is benzene.

  Examples of the styrylpyrene compound represented by the general formula (29) include 1- (4-diphenylaminostyryl) pyrene and 1- (N, N-di-p-tolyl-4-aminostyryl) pyrene. is there.

<Electron transport material>
On the other hand, examples of the electron transport material include chloroanil, bromoanil, tetracyanoethylene, tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitroxanthone, 2,4,8-trinitrothioxanthone, 2,6,8-trinitro-indeno4H-indeno [1,2-b] thiophen-4-one, 1,3 , 7-trinitrodibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide and the like, and the electron transport materials listed in the following general formulas (30), (31), (32) and (33) are preferably used. be able to. These charge transport materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(Wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ³ represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, which may be the same or different.)

(Wherein R ¹ and R ² represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and may be the same or different.)

(Wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ³ represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, which may be the same or different.)

[Wherein R ¹ represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent or an aryl group which may have a substituent, and R ² represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent or a substituent. An aryl group that may be substituted, or [—O—R ³ ] (wherein R ³ represents an alkyl group that may have a substituent or an aryl group that may have a substituent). The group represented is shown. ]

When the photosensitive layer contains the charge transport material and the triphenylene compound of the present invention, the constituent layer can be formed using a binder resin. Note that a solvent can be appropriately used in forming the constituent layers.
Examples of the binder resin used in this case include polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, Polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, polyarylate resin, phenoxy resin, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate resin, ethyl cellulose resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl toluene, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, acrylic resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, melamine Examples thereof include thermoplastic or thermosetting resins such as resins, urethane resins, phenol resins, and alkyd resins.

For example, when the triphenylene compound of the present invention and the charge transport material are mixed and contained in the charge transport layer, the total amount thereof is 20 to 300 parts by weight, preferably 40 to 40 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. 150 parts by weight is suitable.
Further, the amount of the triphenylene compound of the present invention is preferably 0.01 wt% to 150 wt% with respect to the charge transport material. If the amount is too small, the resistance to the oxidizing gas is insufficient. If the amount is too large, the residual potential increases greatly due to repeated use.
The film thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably 25 μm or less from the viewpoint of resolution and responsiveness. The lower limit varies depending on the system used, particularly the charging potential, but is preferably 5 μm or more.

  Moreover, as a solvent used suitably, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, dichloromethane, monochlorobenzene, dichloroethane, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, etc. are used. The charge transport materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Further, in the present invention, an antioxidant can be used for protecting the alteration of the triphenylene compound. As the antioxidant that can be used, the following general antioxidants can be used, among which hydroquinone and hindered amine compounds are particularly effective. However, the purpose of using the antioxidant here is to prevent alteration of the triphenylene compound used in the present invention, which is different from that described below.
For this reason, these antioxidants are preferably contained in the coating liquid in the step prior to containing the triphenylene compound of the present invention, and the addition amount is 0.1 to 200 wt% with respect to the triphenylene compound. Can fully demonstrate the effect.

The charge transport layer constituting the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has a function as a charge transport material and a polymer charge transport material having a function as a binder resin, a so-called binder resin (polymer charge transport). Substance) is also used well. A charge transport layer composed of these polymer charge transport materials is excellent in wear resistance.
As the polymer charge transporting material, known materials can be used, and in particular, a polycarbonate containing a triarylamine structure in the main chain and / or side chain is preferably used. Among these, polymer charge transport materials represented by the following general formulas (6), (9), (34) to (42) are preferably used. Although not limited, the polymer charge transport materials represented by (6) and (9) are particularly preferably used.

[Wherein, R ₇ and R ₈ represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Ar ₁ , Ar ₂ , and Ar ₃ represent the same or different aromatic ring groups. k and j represent the composition, 0.1 ≦ k ≦ 1, 0 ≦ j ≦ 0.9, n represents the number of repeating units, and is an integer of 5 to 5000. X is an aliphatic divalent group, a cycloaliphatic divalent group, or the following general formula (7):

(Wherein R ₁₀₁ and R ₁₀₂ each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, an aromatic ring group or a halogen atom. L and m are integers of 0 to 4, Y is single bond, a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, -O -, - S -, - SO -, - SO 2 -, - CO -, [- CO-O-Z -O-CO-] (wherein Z represents an aliphatic divalent group), or the following general formula (8):

(Wherein, a represents an integer of 1 to 20, b represents an integer of 1 to 2000, R ₁₀₃ and R ₁₀₄ represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or an aryl group). Here, R ₁₀₁ and R ₁₀₂ , and R ₁₀₃ and R ₁₀₄ may be the same or different. ]

[Wherein Ar ₁ , Ar ₂ , Ar ₃ , Ar ₄ and Ar ₅ are substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring groups, Z is an aromatic ring group, or [—Ar ₆ —Za—Ar ₆ —] (wherein Ar ₆ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Za represents O, S or an alkylene group. R and R ′ represent a linear or branched alkylene group, and m represents 0 or 1. k, j, n and X are the same as in the case of the previous formula (6). ]

Wherein R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a halogen atom, R ₄ is a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, and R ₅ and R ₆ are substituted or unsubstituted An unsubstituted aryl group, o, p, and q each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4. k, j, n, and X are the same as those in the above formula (6).

(Wherein R ₉ and R ₁₀ are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, Ar ₄ , Ar ₅ and Ar ₆ are the same or different arylene groups. K, j, n and X are those represented by the formula (6) Is the same.)

(Wherein R ₁₁ and R ₁₂ are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, Ar ₇ , Ar ₈ and Ar ₉ are the same or different arylene groups, and p represents an integer of 1 to 5. k, j, n and X Is the same as in the previous equation (6).)

(Wherein R ₁₃ and R ₁₄ are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, Ar ₁₀ , Ar ₁₁ and Ar ₁₂ are the same or different arylene groups, X ₁ and X ₂ are substituted or unsubstituted ethylene groups, or substituted or unsubstituted Represents an unsubstituted vinylene group, and k, j, n, and X are the same as those in the above formula (6).)

(Wherein R ₁₅ , R ₁₆ , R ₁₇ and R ₁₈ are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, Ar ₁₃ , Ar ₁₄ , Ar ₁₅ and Ar ₁₆ are the same or different arylene groups, Y ₁ , Y ₂ and Y _3. Represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene ether group, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a vinylene group, which may be the same or different. (k, j, n, and X are the same as in the case of the previous formula (6).)

(In the formula, R ₁₉ and R ₂₀ represent a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R ₁₉ and R ₂₀ may form a ring. Ar ₁₇ , Ar ₁₈ and Ar ₁₉ may be the same or different. Represents an arylene group, and k, j, n, and X are the same as in the above formula (6).)

(Wherein R ₂₁ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, Ar ₂₀ , Ar ₂₁ , Ar ₂₂ , Ar ₂₃ represent the same or different arylene groups. K, j, n, and X represent the case of the above formula (6) Is the same.)

Wherein R ₂₂ , R ₂₃ , R ₂₄ and R ₂₅ are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, Ar ₂₄ , Ar ₂₅ , Ar ₂₆ , Ar ₂₇ and Ar ₂₈ are the same or different arylene groups. j, n and X are the same as in the case of the previous formula (6).)

(Wherein R ₂₆ and R ₂₇ are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, Ar ₂₉ , Ar ₃₀ and Ar ₃₁ are the same or different arylene groups. K, j, n and X are those represented by the formula (6)) Is the same.)

  The charge transport layer 37 constituting the photosensitive layer in the present invention is dissolved in a suitable solvent using a triphenylene compound represented by the general formula (1) and, if necessary, the charge transport material, if necessary, a binder resin. It can be formed by dispersing, coating and drying this on the charge generation layer. Further, if necessary, two or more kinds of plasticizers, leveling agents, antioxidants and the like can be added. As a coating method of the prepared coating liquid, any of conventional coating methods such as dip coating, spray coating, beat coating, nozzle coating, spinner coating, ring coating and the like can be used.

Next, the case where the photosensitive layer has a single layer structure 33 will be described.
The triphenylene compound represented by the general formula (1) and, if necessary, the charge transporting material and the charge generating material are dissolved or dispersed in an appropriate solvent using a binder resin, if necessary. It can be formed by coating and drying on a support.
Tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichloroethane, cyclohexane, etc. are used as the solvent, and a photosensitive layer can be formed by applying the coating solution dispersed by a disperser etc. by dip coating, spray coating, bead coating, ring coating or the like. . Moreover, a plasticizer, a leveling agent, antioxidant, etc. can also be added as needed.

As the binder resin to be used, in addition to the binder resin previously mentioned in the charge transport layer 37, the binder resin mentioned in the charge generation layer 35 may be mixed and used. Of course, the polymer charge transport materials mentioned above can also be used favorably.
The amount of the charge generating material with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin is preferably 5 to 40 parts by weight, and the amount of the charge transporting material is preferably 0 to 190 parts by weight, and more preferably 50 to 150 parts by weight. The film thickness of the photosensitive layer is suitably about 5 to 25 μm.

In the photoreceptor of the present invention, an undercoat layer can be provided between the conductive support 31 and the photosensitive layer. In general, the undercoat layer is mainly composed of a resin. However, considering that the photosensitive layer is coated with a solvent on these resins, the resin may be a resin having high solvent resistance with respect to a general organic solvent. desirable.
Examples of such resins include water-soluble resins such as polyvinyl alcohol, casein, and sodium polyacrylate, alcohol-soluble resins such as copolymer nylon and methoxymethylated nylon, polyurethane, melamine resin, phenol resin, alkyd-melamine resin, and epoxy. Examples thereof include a curable resin that forms a three-dimensional network structure such as a resin.

  Further, a metal oxide fine powder pigment exemplified by titanium oxide, silica, alumina, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide and the like may be added to the undercoat layer in order to prevent moire and reduce residual potential. These undercoat layers can be formed using an appropriate solvent and a coating method like the above-mentioned photosensitive layer.

Furthermore, a silane coupling agent, a titanium coupling agent, a chromium coupling agent, or the like can be used as the undercoat layer of the present invention. In addition, in the undercoat layer of the present invention, Al ₂ O ₃ is provided by anodic oxidation, organic substances such as polyparaxylylene (parylene), SiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , TiO ₂ , ITO, CeO ₂ A material provided with an inorganic material such as a vacuum thin film can also be used favorably. In addition, known ones can be used. The thickness of the undercoat layer is suitably from 0 to 5 μm.

In the photoreceptor of the present invention, the protective layer 39 may be provided on (on the surface of) the photosensitive layer for the purpose of protecting the photosensitive layer.
Materials used for the protective layer 39 include ABS resin, ACS resin, olefin-vinyl monomer copolymer, chlorinated polyether, aryl resin, phenol resin, polyacetal, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyacrylate, polyallylsulfone, Polybutylene, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyethersulfone, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, acrylic resin, polymethylbenten, polypropylene, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polystyrene, polyarylate, AS resin, butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyurethane, Examples thereof include resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride and epoxy resin.
From the viewpoint of filler dispersibility, residual potential, and coating film defects, polycarbonate or polyarylate is particularly effective and useful. Also, a filler material can be added to the protective layer of the photoreceptor for the purpose of improving the wear resistance.

As the solvent used for forming the protective layer, all solvents used in the charge transport layer 37 such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, dichloromethane, monochlorobenzene, dichloroethane, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone and the like can be used. . However, a solvent having a high viscosity is preferable at the time of dispersion, but a solvent having high volatility is preferable at the time of coating. When there is no solvent satisfying these conditions, it is preferable to use a mixture of two or more solvents having the respective physical properties, which may have a great effect on the dispersibility of the filler and the residual potential. .
As a method for forming the protective layer, conventional methods such as dip coating, spray coating, beat coating, nozzle coating, spinner coating, ring coating, etc. can be used. preferable.

  Further, the triphenylene compound of the present invention may be contained in the protective layer, and the addition of the low molecular charge transport material or the polymer charge transport material mentioned in the charge transport layer 37 can reduce the residual potential and improve the image quality. It is effective and useful.

Furthermore, in the photoreceptor of the present invention, an intermediate layer can be provided between the photosensitive layer and the protective layer. As the intermediate layer, a binder resin is generally used as a main component.
Examples of the binder resin include polyamide, alcohol-soluble nylon, water-soluble polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl butyral, and polyvinyl alcohol. As a method for forming the intermediate layer, a generally used coating method can be adopted as described above. In addition, about 0.05-2 micrometers is suitable for the thickness of an intermediate | middle layer.

  In the present invention, in order to improve environmental resistance, each layer such as a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer, an undercoat layer, a protective layer, and an intermediate layer is used to prevent a decrease in sensitivity and an increase in residual potential. Antioxidants, plasticizers, lubricants, UV absorbers and leveling agents can be added to Representative materials of these compounds are described below.

Examples of the antioxidant that can be added to each layer constituting the photosensitive layer include, but are not limited to, the following.
(A) Phenolic compounds:
2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, butylated hydroxyanisole, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, n-octadecyl-3- (4'-hydroxy -3 ', 5'-di-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis- (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis- (4-ethyl) -6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis- (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidenebis- (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) ), 1,1,3-tris- (2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl) butane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-) t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene, tetrakis- [methylene-3- (3 ′, 5′-di-) -Butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] methane, bis [3,3'-bis (4'-hydroxy-3'-t-butylphenyl) butyric acid] cricol ester, tocopherols Such.

(B) Paraphenylenediamines:
N-phenyl-N'-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-N-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'- Di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N′-dimethyl-N, N′-di-t-butyl-p-phenylenediamine and the like.

(C) Hydroquinones:
2,5-di-t-octylhydroquinone, 2,6-didodecylhydroquinone, 2-dodecylhydroquinone, 2-dodecyl-5-chlorohydroquinone, 2-t-octyl-5-methylhydroquinone, 2- (2-octadecenyl) ) -5-methylhydroquinone and the like.

(D) Organic sulfur compounds:
Dilauryl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, distearyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, ditetradecyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate and the like.

(E) Organophosphorus compounds:
Triphenylphosphine, tri (nonylphenyl) phosphine, tri (dinonylphenyl) phosphine, tricresylphosphine, tri (2,4-dibutylphenoxy) phosphine, and the like.

Examples of the plasticizer that can be added to each layer include, but are not limited to, the following.
(A) Phosphate ester plasticizer:
Triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, trichlorethyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate and the like.

(B) Phthalate ester plasticizer:
Dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diheptyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, dinonyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, phthalic acid Diisodecyl, diundecyl phthalate, ditridecyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, butyl lauryl phthalate, methyl oleyl phthalate, octyl decyl phthalate, dibutyl fumarate, dioctyl fumarate, etc.

(C) Aromatic carboxylic acid ester plasticizer:
Trioctyl trimellitic acid, tri-n-octyl trimellitic acid, octyl oxybenzoate, and the like.

(D) Aliphatic dibasic ester plasticizer:
Dibutyl adipate, di-n-hexyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, di-n-octyl adipate, n-octyl-n-decyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, dicapryl adipate, diazeline 2-ethylhexyl, dimethyl sebacate, diethyl sebacate, dibutyl sebacate, di-n-octyl sebacate, di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, di-2-ethoxyethyl sebacate, dioctyl succinate, diisodecyl succinate, Dioctyl tetrahydrophthalate, di-n-octyl tetrahydrophthalate and the like.

(E) Fatty acid ester derivatives:
Butyl oleate, glycerol monooleate, methyl acetylricinoleate, pentaerythritol ester, dipentaerythritol hexaester, triacetin, tributyrin and the like.

(F) Oxyester plasticizer:
Methyl acetyl ricinoleate, butyl acetyl ricinoleate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, tributyl acetyl citrate and the like.

(G) Epoxy plasticizer:
Epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized linseed oil, butyl epoxy stearate, decyl epoxy stearate, octyl epoxy stearate, benzyl epoxy stearate, dioctyl epoxy hexahydrophthalate, didecyl epoxy hexahydrophthalate and the like.

(H) Dihydric alcohol ester plasticizer:
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, etc.

(I) Chlorine-containing plasticizer:
Chlorinated paraffin, chlorinated diphenyl, chlorinated fatty acid methyl, methoxychlorinated fatty acid methyl, etc.

(J) Polyester plasticizer:
Polypropylene adipate, polypropylene sebacate, polyester, acetylated polyester, etc.

(K) Sulfonic acid derivative:
p-toluenesulfonamide, o-toluenesulfonamide, p-toluenesulfoneethylamide, o-toluenesulfoneethylamide, toluenesulfone-N-ethylamide, p-toluenesulfone-N-cyclohexylamide and the like.

(L) Citric acid derivative:
Triethyl citrate, triethyl citrate citrate, tributyl citrate, tributyl acetyl citrate, tri-2-ethylhexyl acetyl citrate, acetyl citrate-n-octyldecyl and the like.

(M) Other:
Terphenyl, partially hydrogenated terphenyl, camphor, 2-nitrodiphenyl, dinonylnaphthalene, methyl abietate and the like.

Examples of the lubricant that can be added to each layer include, but are not limited to, the following.
(A) Hydrocarbon compound:
Liquid paraffin, paraffin wax, microwax, low-polymerized polyethylene, etc.
(B) Fatty acid compound:
Lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, etc.
(C) Fatty acid amide compound:
Stearylamide, palmitylamide, oleinamide, methylenebisstearamide, ethylenebisstearamide, etc.
(D) Ester compound:
Lower alcohol esters of fatty acids, polyhydric alcohol esters of fatty acids, fatty acid polyglycol esters, and the like.
(E) Alcohol compounds:
Cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyglycerol, etc.
(F) Metal soap:
Lead stearate, cadmium stearate, barium stearate, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, etc.
(G) Natural wax:
Carnauba wax, candelilla wax, beeswax, whale wax, ibotarou, montanro, etc.
(H) Other:
Silicone compounds, fluorine compounds, etc.

  Examples of the ultraviolet absorber that can be added to each layer include, but are not limited to, the following.

(A) Benzophenone series:
2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2 ′, 4-trihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2 ′, 4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2,2′-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and the like.

(B) Salsylate type:
Phenyl salicylate, 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, and the like.

(C) Benzotriazole series:
(2′-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole, (2′-hydroxy5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, (2′-hydroxy5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, (2′-hydroxy3′-tertiarybutyl 5) '-Methylphenyl) 5-chlorobenzotriazole

(D) Cyanoacrylate type:
Ethyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate, methyl 2-carbomethoxy 3 (paramethoxy) acrylate, and the like.

(E) Quencher (metal complex salt system):
Nickel (2,2′thiobis (4-t-octyl) phenolate) normal butylamine, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, cobalt dicyclohexyldithiophosphate and the like.

(F) HALS (hindered amine):
Bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, 1- [2- [3- (3 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyloxy] ethyl] -4- [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyloxy] -2,2,6 6-tetramethylpyridine, 8-benzyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-3-octyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro [4,5] undecane-2,4-dione, 4-benzoyloxy- 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and the like.

  Next, the electrophotographic method and the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. An electrophotographic apparatus according to the present invention comprises at least a charging means, an image exposing means, a developing means, a transferring means, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member provided with a photosensitive layer containing the triphenylene compound of the present invention as a charge transport material. It is configured. FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the electrophotographic forming process and the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention, and the following examples also belong to the category of the present invention.

  In FIG. 6, the electrophotographic photosensitive member (photosensitive member) 1 is provided with at least a photosensitive layer, and the outermost surface layer contains a filler. The photosensitive member 1 has a drum shape, but may be a sheet shape or an endless belt shape. As the charging charger 3, the pre-transfer charger 7, the transfer charger 10, the separation charger 11, and the pre-cleaning charger 13, a corotron, a scorotron, a solid state charger (solid state charger), a charging roller, or the like is used. All are usable. As the transfer means, the above charger can be generally used. However, as shown in the figure, a combination of a transfer charger and a separation charger is effective.

The light source such as the image exposure unit 5 and the charge removal lamp 2 emits light such as a fluorescent lamp, a tungsten lamp, a halogen lamp, a mercury lamp, a sodium lamp, a light emitting diode (LED), a semiconductor laser (LD), and an electroluminescence (EL). All things can be used. Various types of filters such as a sharp cut filter, a band pass filter, a near infrared cut filter, a dichroic filter, an interference filter, and a color temperature conversion filter can be used to irradiate only light in a desired wavelength range.
In addition to the steps shown in FIG. 6, by providing a transfer step, a static elimination step, a cleaning step, or a pre-exposure step using light irradiation, light is irradiated from the light source to the photoconductor. In addition, a so-called digital electrophotographic forming method in which an electrostatic latent image is written on a photoconductor with an LD or LED at the time of image exposure enables image formation by high-speed printing with high quality and reliability. For example, the present invention can be applied to a laser printer or a digital copying machine capable of full color printing.

  The toner developed on the photoreceptor 1 by the developing unit 6 is transferred to the transfer paper 9, but not all is transferred, and some toner remains on the photoreceptor 1. Such residual toner is removed from the photoreceptor by the fur brush 14 and the blade 15. The cleaning may be performed only with a cleaning brush. As the cleaning brush used, known brushes such as a fur brush and a mag fur brush are used.

  When the electrophotographic photosensitive member is positively (or negatively) charged and image exposure is performed, a positive (or negative) electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of the photosensitive member. If this is developed with toner of negative (or positive) polarity (detection fine particles), a positive image can be obtained, and if developed with toner of positive (or negative) polarity, a negative image can be obtained. A known method is applied to the developing unit, and a known method is also used for the charge eliminating unit.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic configuration diagram for explaining another example of the electrophotographic forming process and the electrophotographic apparatus in the present invention.
The photosensitive member 21 has at least a photosensitive layer, and further contains a filler on the outermost surface layer. The photosensitive member 21 is driven by driving rollers 22a and 22b, charged by a charger 23, image exposure by an image exposure source 24, and development (not shown). 1), transfer using the transfer charger (charger) 25, exposure before cleaning by the light source (exposure before cleaning) 26, cleaning by the cleaning brush 27, and static elimination by the light source 28 are repeated. In FIG. 7, the photosensitive member 21 is irradiated with light for exposure before cleaning from the support side. In this case, the support is made of a material having translucency.

The electrophotographic process shown above exemplifies the embodiment of the present invention, and other embodiments are of course possible. For example, in FIG. 7, the pre-cleaning exposure is performed from the support side, but this may be performed from the photosensitive layer side, or image exposure and neutralization light irradiation may be performed from the support side.
On the other hand, the light irradiation process is illustrated as image exposure, pre-cleaning exposure, and static elimination exposure. In addition, a pre-transfer exposure, a pre-exposure of image exposure, and other known light irradiation processes are provided to light the photosensitive member. Irradiation can also be performed.

  The image forming means as described above may be fixedly incorporated in a copying apparatus, a facsimile machine, or a printer, but may be incorporated in these apparatuses in the form of a process cartridge. The process cartridge includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member (photosensitive member) and at least one means selected from charging means, image exposing means (exposure means), developing means, transfer means, cleaning means, and static eliminating means. It is one device (part) that can be attached to and detached from the included electrophotographic apparatus main body.

  The shape and the like of the process cartridge are not particularly limited, but a general example includes the configuration shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. In FIG. 8, 16 is a photosensitive member, 17 is a charging charger, 18 is a cleaning brush, and 19 is an image exposure unit. The photoreceptor 16 has a photosensitive layer containing at least the triphenylene compound of the present invention as a charge transport material on a conductive support, and a filler in the outermost surface layer.

  By using a process cartridge, the imaging device can be configured compactly, and simple and steady maintenance work is possible. In addition, parts can be easily replaced, and high-quality printing is stable for a long time with high quality. An electrophotographic image can be formed.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated further more concretely, this invention is not limited to this. Hereinafter, all parts indicate parts by weight.
In addition, the Example shown below is compound No. shown in the said Table 1 (paragraph [0061]). Examples using 1, 2, 4, 11, 12, 15, 17 (Examples 1, 6, 10, 12, 16, 18, 22, 23, 42, 46, 47 and 53) are within the scope of the present invention. This is an example corresponding to “Example”, and those excluding these are examples corresponding to “Reference Example” not belonging to the scope of the present invention.

Example 1
An undercoating layer coating solution, a charge generation layer coating solution, and a charge transport layer coating solution prepared according to the following compositions are sequentially applied and dried on an aluminum cylinder by dip coating, and the coating thickness is 3.5 μm. An electrophotographic photosensitive member (1) was prepared by forming a layer, a 0.2 μm charge generation layer, and a 23 μm charge transport layer.

<Undercoat layer coating solution>
Titanium dioxide powder: 400 parts Melamine resin: 65 parts Alkyd resin: 120 parts 2-butanone: 400 parts

<Charge generation layer coating solution>
Fluorenone bisazo pigment of the following structural formula (43): 12 parts Polyvinyl butyral: 5 parts 2-butanone: 200 parts Cyclohexanone: 400 parts

<Charge transport layer coating solution>
Polycarbonate resin (Z Polyca, manufactured by Teijin Chemicals): 10 parts 1 Triphenylene compound: 10 parts Tetrahydrofuran: 100 parts

After the electrophotographic photosensitive member (1) having the laminated structure produced as described above is mounted on an electrophotographic process cartridge and mounted on a Ricoh imagio MF2200 remodeling machine, the dark portion potential is set to 800 (−V). Repeated tests equivalent to printing a total of 100,000 sheets were performed continuously. The charging method was a corona charging method (scotron type), and a 655 nm semiconductor laser (LD) was used as the image exposure light source.
The image quality was evaluated together with the measurement of the initial image and the bright part potential after printing 100,000 sheets. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2 below.

(Examples 2 to 5)
In Example 1, the exemplified compound No. 1 in Table 1 used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution was used. In place of the triphenylene compound of Ex. 3 (Example 2), Exemplified Compound No. 7 (Example 3), Exemplified Compound No. 13 (Example 4), Exemplified Compound No. Electrophotographic photosensitive members (2) to (5) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the triphenylene compound of 19 (Example 5) was used, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 2 below.

(Example 6)
An electrophotographic photoreceptor (6) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transport layer coating solution having the following composition was used instead of the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution in Example 1.

<Charge transport layer coating solution>
Polycarbonate resin (Z Polyca, manufactured by Teijin Chemicals): 10 parts 1 triphenylene compound: 1 part Charge transport material of the following structural formula (44): 9 parts Tetrahydrofuran: 100 parts

  The electrophotographic photosensitive member (6) produced in the same manner as in Example 1 was evaluated for image quality as well as measurement of the initial image and the bright part potential after printing 100,000 sheets. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3 below.

(Examples 7 to 11)
In Example 6, the exemplified compound No. 1 in Table 1 used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution was used. In place of the triphenylene compound of Ex. 3 (Example 7), Exemplified Compound No. 7 (Example 8), Exemplified Compound No. 13 (Example 9), Exemplified Compound No. 15 (Example 10), Exemplified Compound No. Except that the triphenylene compound of 18 (Example 11) was used, electrophotographic photoreceptors (7) to (11) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 6, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 3 below.

(Examples 12 to 17)
In Example 6, the exemplified compound No. 1 in Table 1 used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution was used. 1 and the amount of the charge transport material of the structural formula (44) were changed to 1 part of the triphenylene compound and 7 parts of the charge transport material (Example 12). No. 1 triphenylene compound was exemplified as Compound No. 1. 3 (Example 13), Exemplified Compound No. 7 (Example 14), Exemplified Compound No. 9 (Example 15), Exemplified Compound No. 12 (Example 16), Exemplified Compound No. Except that the triphenylene compound of Example 16 (Example 17) was used, electrophotographic photoreceptors (12) to (17) were produced in the same manner as in Example 6 and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 4 below.

(Examples 18 to 23)
In Example 6, the exemplified compound No. 1 in Table 1 used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution was used. The amount of the triphenylene compound of formula 1 and the charge transport material of the structural formula (44) was changed to 5 parts of triphenylene compound and 5 parts of charge transport material (Example 18). No. 1 triphenylene compound was exemplified as Compound No. 1. 3 (Example 19), Exemplified Compound No. 7 (Example 20), Exemplified Compound No. 9 (Example 21), Exemplified Compound No. 11 (Example 22), Exemplified Compound No. Electrophotographic photoreceptors (18) to (23) were produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the triphenylene compound of Example 17 (Example 23) was used, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 5 below.

(Examples 24-27)
In Example 6, the charge transport material of the structural formula (44) used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution was replaced by the following structural formula (45), and No. 1 triphenylene compound was exemplified as Compound No. 1. 3 (Example 24), Exemplified Compound No. 7 (Example 25), Exemplified Compound No. 9 (Example 26), Exemplified Compound No. Except that the triphenylene compound of 18 (Example 27) was used, electrophotographic photoreceptors (24) to (27) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 6, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 6 below.

(Examples 28 to 31)
In Example 6, the charge transport material of the structural formula (44) used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution was replaced with the following structural formula (46), and No. 1 triphenylene compound was exemplified as Compound No. 1. 3 (Example 28), Exemplified Compound No. 7 (Example 29), Exemplified Compound No. 9 (Example 30), Exemplified Compound No. Except for the triphenylene compound 18 (Example 31), electrophotographic photoreceptors 28 to 31 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 6, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 7 below.

(Examples 32-34)
In Example 6, the charge transport material of the structural formula (44) and the polycarbonate resin (binder resin) used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution were replaced with the polymer charge transport material 19 of the following structural formula (47). In addition, the exemplified compound No. No. 1 triphenylene compound was exemplified as Compound No. 1. 3 (Example 32), Exemplified Compound No. 7 (Example 33), Exemplified Compound No. Except that the triphenylene compound of Example 9 (Example 34) was used, electrophotographic photoreceptors (32) to (34) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 8 below.

(Examples 35 and 36)
In Example 6, the charge transport material of the structural formula (44) and the polycarbonate resin (binder resin) used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution were replaced with the polymer charge transport material 19 of the following structural formula (48). In addition, the exemplified compound No. No. 1 triphenylene compound was exemplified as Compound No. 1. 3 (Example 35), Exemplified Compound No. Except for the triphenylene compound of Example 9 (Example 36), electrophotographic photoreceptors (35) and (36) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 6, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 9 below.

(Examples 37 and 38)
In Example 6, the charge transport material of the structural formula (44) and the polycarbonate resin (binder resin) used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution were replaced with the polymer charge transport material 19 of the following structural formula (49). In addition, the exemplified compound No. No. 1 triphenylene compound was exemplified as Compound No. 1. 3 (Example 37), Exemplified Compound No. Except that the triphenylene compound of Example 7 (Example 38) was used, electrophotographic photoreceptors (37) and (38) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 10 below.

(Examples 39 to 42)
In Example 6, the polycarbonate resin used as the component of the charge transport layer coating solution was replaced with 10 parts of a polyarylate resin (U polymer, manufactured by Unitika), and the exemplified compound No. 1 was used. No. 1 triphenylene compound was exemplified as Compound No. 1. 3 (Example 39), Exemplified Compound No. 7 (Example 40), Exemplified Compound No. 9 (Example 41), Exemplified Compound No. Except for using the triphenylene compound of Example 15 (Example 42), electrophotographic photoreceptors (39) to (42) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 11 below.

(Example 43)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member (43) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge generation layer coating solution and the charge transport layer coating solution in Example 1 were changed to the following compositions. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 12 below.

<Charge generation layer coating solution>
Oxotitanium phthalocyanine (*): 8 parts (* has the powder XD spectrum shown in FIG. 9)
Polyvinyl butyral (BX-1): 5 parts 2-butanone: 400 parts

<Charge transport layer coating solution>
Polycarbonate resin (Z polycarbonate): 10 parts 3 triphenylene compound: 1 part Charge transport material of the following structural formula (44): 7 parts Toluene: 70 parts

(Examples 44 and 45)
In Example 43, the charge transport material of the structural formula (44) of the charge transport layer coating solution is replaced with the following structural formula (50) (Example 44), and the exemplified compound Nos. The triphenylene compound of Example 3 Except that the triphenylene compound of Example 9 (Example 45) was used, electrophotographic photoreceptors (44) and (45) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 43 and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 13 below.

(Comparative Example 1)
In Example 6, Exemplified Compound No. used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution was used. Comparative electrophotographic photoreceptor (Comparative 1) in the same manner as in Example 6 except that a stilbene compound of the following structural formula (51) (described in JP-A-60-196768) was used instead of 1 triphenylene compound. Were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 14 below.

(Comparative Example 2)
In Example 6, Exemplified Compound No. used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution was used. A comparative electrophotographic photosensitive member (Comparative 2) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the triphenylene compound 1 was not added and the weight of the charge transport material of the structural formula (44) was changed from 9 parts to 10 parts. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 14 below.

(Comparative Example 3)
In Example 6, Exemplified Compound No. used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution was used. Comparative electrophotographic photosensitive member (Comparative 3) in the same manner as in Example 6 except that a tetraphenylmethane compound of the following structural formula (52) (described in JP-A No. 2000-231204) was used instead of 1 triphenylene compound. ) And evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 14 below.

(Comparative Example 4)
In Example 6, Exemplified Compound No. used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution was used. A comparative electrophotographic photoreceptor (Comparative 4) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the hindered amine antioxidant of the following structural formula (53) was used instead of the triphenylene compound of Example 1 and Evaluation was performed in the same manner. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 14 below.

  As described above, from the evaluation results obtained by mounting the actual apparatus in Examples 1 to 45, in the electrophotographic photoreceptors (1) to (45) containing the triphenylene compound of the present invention of the present invention, the bright part potential was obtained even after printing 100,000 sheets. It was confirmed that there was little increase, high-quality images were stably obtained, and it was possible to achieve both high durability and high image quality. On the other hand, the comparative photoconductors (Comparative 1), (Comparative 3), and (Comparative 4) have very high bright part potential from the beginning, causing a decrease in image density and a decrease in resolution. It was impossible to discriminate the image due to a significant decrease in gradation. In addition, although the comparative photoconductor (Comparative 2) has a relatively small increase in the bright portion potential, the resolution decrease due to repeated use is large as compared with the photoconductor of the present invention.

(Examples 46 to 51, Comparative Example 5)
Next, image evaluation was performed using the produced electrophotographic photosensitive member (1, 6, 14, 25, 36, 37) and the comparative electrophotographic photosensitive member (Comparative 2). As evaluation conditions, each photoconductor was left in a desiccator adjusted to a nitrogen oxide (NOx) gas concentration of 50 ppm for 4 days, and image evaluation was performed before and after. The results are shown in Table 15.

  From the evaluation results in Table 15, it can be seen that the resistance to oxidizing gas, that is, the deterrence effect on the resolution reduction is greatly improved by incorporating the triphenylene compound of the present invention in the photoreceptor. On the other hand, in the case of the comparative photoconductor of Comparative Example 5 (Comparative 2), the initial image quality is good, but it can be seen that the resolution is significantly lowered by the oxidizing gas.

(Example 52)
Next, 500 parts of a 0.5% tetrahydrofuran solution of a fluorenone-based bisazo pigment represented by the following structural formula (43) and a polyester resin [Byron 200, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.] as a charge generating material was pulverized and mixed in a ball mill. The obtained dispersion was applied onto an aluminum vapor-deposited polyester film with a doctor blade and naturally dried to form a charge generation layer of about 0.5 μm.

  Subsequently, Exemplified Compound No. 1 described in Table 1 as a charge transport material was added to a resin solution consisting of 1 part of a polycarbonate resin [Panlite K-1300 manufactured by Teijin Ltd.] and 8 parts of tetrahydrofuran. 9 parts of the triphenylene compound was dissolved to prepare a charge transport layer coating solution. This solution was applied onto the charge transport layer with a doctor blade and dried at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes and further at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of about 20 μm, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member (52) was produced.

The produced electrophotographic photosensitive member (52) was charged by carrying out a corona discharge of about −6 kV for 20 seconds in the dark using an electrostatic copying paper test apparatus (EPA8100 type, manufactured by Kawaguchi Electric Co., Ltd.). The surface potential V ₀ (V) of the photoreceptor was measured by leaving it in a dark place for 20 seconds. Next, 655 nm monochromatic light is irradiated so that the illuminance on the surface of the photosensitive member becomes 1.5 (μW / cm ² ), and the exposure amount E _{1 /} until V ₀ (V) becomes 1/2. ₂ (μJ / cm ² ) was measured. The results are shown in Table 16.

(Examples 53 to 57)
In Example 52, the exemplified compound No. used in the charge transport layer coating solution was used. In place of the triphenylene compound of No. 9, Exemplified Compound No. 4 (Example 53), Exemplified Compound No. 7 (Example 54), Exemplified Compound No. 8 (Example 55), Exemplified Compound No. 13 (Example 56), Exemplified Compound No. Except that the triphenylene compound of 19 (Example 57) was used, electrophotographic photoreceptors 53 to 57 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 52 and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 52. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 16 below.

(Comparative Example 6)
In Example 52, the exemplified compound No. used in the charge transport layer coating solution was used. A comparative electrophotographic photosensitive member (Comparative 6) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 52 except that a compound represented by the following structural formula (54) was used in place of the triphenylene compound of 9, and Evaluation was performed in the same manner. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 16 below.

(Example 58)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member 58 was produced in the same manner as in Example 52 except that the charge transport layer coating solution used in Example 52 was changed to the one having the following composition, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 52. The evaluation results are shown in Table 17 below.

<Charge transport layer coating solution>
Polycarbonate resin (Z Polyca, manufactured by Teijin Chemicals): 2 parts 7 triphenylene compound: 1 part Charge transport material of the following structural formula (44): 1 part Tetrahydrofuran: 16 parts

(Example 59)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member 59 was produced in the same manner as in Example 58 except that the charge transport material of the structural formula (44) used in Example 58 was changed to the following structural formula (46). Evaluated. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 17 below.

(Example 60)
Except for using 3 parts of the polymer charge transport material of the following structural formula (47) in place of the charge transport material of the structural formula (44) and polycarbonate resin used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution of Example 58 Were produced in the same manner as in Example 58, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 52. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 17 below.

(Example 61)
Except for using 3 parts of the polymer charge transport material of the following structural formula (48) in place of the charge transport material of the structural formula (44) and the polycarbonate resin used as the composition of the charge transport layer coating solution of Example 58. Were produced in the same manner as in Example 58, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 52. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 17 below.

(Example 62)
Except for using 3 parts of the polymeric charge transport material of the following structural formula (49) in place of the charge transport material of the structural formula (44) used in the composition of the charge transport layer coating liquid of Example 58 and the polycarbonate resin. Were produced in the same manner as in Example 58, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 52. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 17 below.

(Example 63)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member 63 was produced in the same manner as in Example 52 except that the binder resin (polycarbonate resin) used in Example 52 was changed to 1 part of polyarylate resin (U polymer, manufactured by Unitika). Evaluation was conducted in the same manner as in No.52. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 17 below.

(Examples 64-69)
The charge generation layer coating solution in Example 52 was changed to one having the following composition, and the exemplified compound No. 1 in Table 1 used as a charge transport material was used. No. 9 triphenylene compound was exemplified as Compound No. 7 (Example 64), Exemplified Compound No. 8 (Example 65), Exemplified Compound No. 13 (Example 66), Exemplified Compound No. 18 (Example 67), Exemplified Compound No. 18 19 (Example 68), Exemplified Compound No. Electrophotographic photoreceptors (64) to (69) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 52 except that 20 (Example 69) was used as the triphenylene compound, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 52. The evaluation results are similarly shown in Table 18 below.

<Charge generation layer coating solution>
Oxotitanium phthalocyanine (*): 8 parts (* has the powder XD spectrum shown in FIG. 9)
Polyvinyl butyral (BX-1): 5 parts 2-butanone: 400 parts

  From the above evaluation results in Examples 52 to 69, in the electrophotographic photoreceptors (52) to (69) containing the triphenylene compound of the present invention, a good surface potential and an exposure amount are observed. It was found that high sensitivity and high resolution image quality can be obtained. On the other hand, in the comparative photoconductor (Comparative 6), both the surface potential and the exposure amount were remarkably increased, and it was confirmed that there was a problem in sensitivity and resolution.

It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photoreceptor in this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows another example (1) of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photoreceptor in this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows another example (2) of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photoreceptor in this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows another example (3) of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photoreceptor in this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows another example (4) of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photoreceptor in this invention. It is a schematic block diagram for demonstrating the electrophotographic formation process and electrophotographic apparatus in this invention. It is a schematic block diagram for demonstrating another example of the electrophotographic formation process and electrophotographic apparatus in this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of the process cartridge in this invention. FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction diagram showing a powder XD spectrum of oxotitanium phthalocyanine used in Examples 43 and 64-69.

Explanation of symbols

1 Electrophotographic photoreceptor (photoreceptor)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 Static elimination lamp 3 Charger 4 Eraser 5 Image exposure part 6 Developing unit 7 Charger before transfer 8 Registration roller 9 Transfer paper 10 Transfer charger 11 Separation charger 12 Separation claw 13 Charger 14 before cleaning Fur brush 15 Blade 21 Photoconductor 22a, 22b Drive Roller 23 Charger 24 Image exposure source 25 Transfer charger (charger)
26 Light source (exposure before cleaning)
27 Cleaning Brush 31 Conductive Support 33 Photosensitive Layer 35 Charge Generation Layer 37 Charge Transport Layer 39 Protective Layer

Claims (12)

In an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive support,
The electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the photosensitive layer contains at least a triphenylene compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a charge transport material and a charge generation material.

(Wherein R ¹ and R ² represent an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms , a fluorene group having an alkyl group as a substituent, or a phenyl group having an alkyl group or an alkoxy group as a substituent , However, ^one of R ¹ and R ² is an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, R ³ represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and n is Represents an integer of 1 to 4)   The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitive layer further contains a charge transport material other than the triphenylene compound represented by the general formula (1). 3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2, wherein the charge transport material is a stilbene compound represented by the following general formula (2).

[Wherein n represents 0 or 1, R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, Ar ¹ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R ⁵ represents a carbon number of 1 Represents an alkyl group of ˜4, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Ar ¹ and R ⁵ may combine with each other to form a ring. A represents the following general formula (3a) or (3b):

Alternatively, it represents a 9-anthryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group. (Where R ² is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, or the following general formula (4):

(However, R ³ and R ⁴ represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R ³ and R ⁴ may be the same or different, and R ³ and R ⁴ may combine with each other to form a ring. ), M represents an integer of 1 to 3, and when m is 2 or more, R ² may be the same or different. In addition, when n is 0, A and R ¹ may be bonded to each other to form a ring. ] 3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2, wherein the charge transport material is an aminobiphenyl compound represented by the following general formula (5).

Wherein R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are a hydrogen atom, amino group, alkoxy group, thioalkoxy group, aryloxy group, methylenedioxy group, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, halogen atom or substituted or unsubstituted R ² represents a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a halogen atom, except that R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are all hydrogen atoms. K, l, m and n are integers of 1 to 4, and when each is an integer of 2, 3 or 4, R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are the same or different. May be.)   The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 2, wherein the charge transport material is a polymer charge transport material. 6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 5, wherein the polymer type charge transport material is a polymer material represented by the following general formula (6).

[Wherein R ₇ and R ₈ represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Ar ₁ , Ar ₂ and Ar ₃ represent the same or different aromatic ring groups. k and j represent the composition, 0.1 ≦ k ≦ 1, 0 ≦ j ≦ 0.9, n represents the number of repeating units, and is an integer of 5 to 5000. X is an aliphatic divalent group, a cycloaliphatic divalent group, or the following general formula (7):

(Wherein R ₁₀₁ and R ₁₀₂ each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, an aromatic ring group or a halogen atom. L and m are integers of 0 to 4, Y is single bond, a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, -O -, - S -, - SO -, - SO 2 -, - CO -, [- CO-O-Z -O-CO-] (wherein Z represents an aliphatic divalent group), or the following general formula (8):

(Wherein, a represents an integer of 1 to 20, b represents an integer of 1 to 2000, R ₁₀₃ and R ₁₀₄ represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or an aryl group). Here, R ₁₀₁ and R ₁₀₂ , and R ₁₀₃ and R ₁₀₄ may be the same or different. ] 6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 5, wherein the polymer type charge transport material is a polymer material represented by the following general formula (9).

[Wherein Ar ₁ , Ar ₂ , Ar ₃ , Ar ₄ and Ar ₅ are substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring groups, Z is an aromatic ring group, or [—Ar ₆ —Za—Ar ₆ —] (wherein Ar ₆ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Za represents O, S or an alkylene group. R and R ′ represent a linear or branched alkylene group, and m represents 0 or 1. k, j, n and X are the same as in the previous equation (6). ] In an electrophotographic forming method in which at least charging, image exposure, development, and transfer are repeatedly performed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member,
The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1.   9. The electrophotographic forming method according to claim 8, wherein electrostatic latent image writing on the photosensitive member in the image exposure is performed by a digital method. In an electrophotographic apparatus comprising at least a charging means, an image exposing means, a developing means, a transferring means, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member,
An electrophotographic apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of claims 1 to 7.   12. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 11, wherein electrostatic latent image writing on the photosensitive member by the image exposure unit is a digital method. The electrophotographic photosensitive member is integrally supported including at least one member selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, an image exposing unit, a developing unit, a transferring unit, a cleaning unit, and a neutralizing unit, and can be attached to and detached from the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus. In the process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus,
A process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1.

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