JP4426915B2 - Measurement method using total station - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a measuring method using a total station, which is effective for measuring displacement of a structure or the like.

  Regarding the measurement of displacement of structures and the like, there are cases where a total station is installed and periodically measured.

  As described above, when the measurement is performed with the total station installed at all times, the measurement result may periodically vary and an error may occur although the measurement point is not moved. This is considered to be caused by subtle inclinations and displacements, changes in illuminance, etc. due to the influence of natural factors such as temperature expansion and solar radiation of the gantry on which the total station is attached and its fixtures.

As a method for correcting such an error, a three-dimensional coordinate correction matrix for returning a total station position shift (that is, a coordinate system shift) to an initial state using four reference points that are not on the same plane. Developed a measurement accuracy improvement method using the total station (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as “measurement accuracy improvement method”) that uses this correction matrix to improve the measurement accuracy of any measurement point, and has been put to practical use. (See Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2).
JP-A-11-223527 ([0007]-[0016]) JP 2001-221635 A ([0011]-[0019], FIG. 2)

  However, there is a problem in that effective four reference points may not be ensured in measurements at sites with severe visibility conditions, such as tunnel tunnels and urban areas with many obstacles. In other words, the measurement accuracy improvement method described above is effective on a wide and well-viewed site where four reference points can be set, but secures four reference points for measurements at sites with severe visibility conditions. In some cases, it was difficult to apply.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has high visibility even in the field where the visibility conditions are severe and four reference points arranged in a three-dimensional manner cannot be secured. It is an object to propose a measurement method using a total station that can be performed.

In order to solve such a problem, the measurement method using the total station according to claim 1 measures three reference points assumed to be a fixed point and at least one measurement point with the total station, and the three points. An arbitrary one of the reference points is set as the origin, and the three reference points are arranged on a reference plane formed by any two reference axes among the three reference axes orthogonal to each other at the origin. As described above, the coordinate values of the three reference points and the measurement points are transformed to measure the coordinate values of the measurement points.

The measurement method using such a total station is such that even if a slight inclination or movement due to a natural factor or the like occurs in the total station, three reference points are selected from the reference axes including the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis. To correct the coordinate system to the initial state by moving so as to be arranged on a reference plane (XY plane, YZ plane, or ZX plane) formed by any two reference axes. It becomes possible to measure the coordinate value of the measuring point with high accuracy. Therefore, the displacement can be accurately measured even with respect to the displacement measurement of the structure accompanying the proximity construction or the like. In addition, since it is possible to measure with three reference points, the necessary number of reference points can be easily set for measurement in limited spaces such as urban areas and tunnels where there are many obstacles. It is.
Here, the total station is a surveying machine capable of simultaneously measuring a distance and an angle and recording the result automatically. In addition, the system can be systemized by combining a computer, a plotter, etc., and a large amount of calculation values can be processed.

  Further, in the measurement method using the total station, it is preferable that the coordinate conversion of each reference point and the measurement point is performed by matrix calculation because the coordinate conversion of a plurality of points can be easily performed.

  Due to the measurement method using the total station of the present invention, the field of view conditions are severe, and even in the field where four or more reference points arranged in a three-dimensional manner cannot be secured, the total station tilts or moves due to natural factors, etc. This makes it possible to measure with high accuracy by correcting the error (deviation of the coordinate system).

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the description, the same reference numerals are used for the same elements, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.
Here, FIGS. 1A to 1D are explanatory diagrams of a measurement method using the total station according to the present embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, a case will be described in which displacement measurement of an existing structure in proximity construction is performed by a measurement method using the total station of the present invention.

<Measurement of reference points and measuring points>
First, the machine point where the total station is installed and three reference points are set. Here, groups Junten is not to move, assuming stationary position. The machine point is set to a position where the total station can overlook each reference point and each measurement point.

Next, the total station is installed at the machine point, and each of the reference points 1, 2, 3 and the measuring point 4 are measured to obtain the coordinates (see FIG. 1 (a)). Here, in this Embodiment, it shall measure about one arbitrary point of the existing structure as the measurement point 4. FIG.
Here, the measurement coordinate values of the reference points 1, 2, 3 and the measurement point 4 obtained by the measurement are respectively referred to as the reference point 1 (x1, y1, z1), the reference point 2 (x2, y2, z2), Reference point 3 (x3, y3, z3) and measurement point 4 (x4, y4, z4).

<Coordinate transformation>
Next, the coordinate conversion of each reference point 1, 2, 3 and the measuring point 4 is performed so that each reference point 1, 2, 3 is arranged on the same reference plane (in this embodiment, the XY plane). Do.

(1) Parallel movement First, according to the following equation (Equation 1), with reference point 1 as the origin, the measured coordinate values (x1, y1, z1) of reference point 1 are the reference axes of the X, Y, and Z axes. All measured coordinate values are translated so that they are arranged at the origin (0, 0, 0), which is the intersection of (see FIG. 1A).

(2) Rotational movement by the Z axis Next, the reference points 2, 3 and the measuring point 4 are set with the Z axis as an axis so that the reference point 2 is arranged on the YZ plane formed by the Y axis and the Z axis. Rotate and move.
As shown in FIG. 1A, an angle kz formed by a line connecting the reference point 1 and the reference point 2 with the YZ plane is obtained by Equation 2, and the reference point is set by this angle kz with the Z axis as an axis. 2 and 3 and the measuring point 4 are rotated. By this operation, as shown in FIG. 1B, the reference point 2 is arranged on the YZ plane. Each coordinate value is calculated by a Z-axis rotation matrix mz shown in Equation 3 as shown in Equation 4. Since the reference point 1 (x01, y01, z01) is the origin, it does not rotate.

(3) Rotational movement by the X axis Subsequently, the reference points 2 and 3 and the measuring point 4 are rotationally moved about the X axis so that the reference point 2 is arranged on the axis of the Y axis.
As shown in FIG. 1B, an angle kx formed by a line segment connecting the reference point 1 and the reference point 2 to the XY plane is obtained by the equation 5, and the reference point is set by this angle kx with the X axis as an axis. 2 and 3 and the measuring point 4 are rotated. By this operation, the reference point 2 is arranged on the Y axis as shown in FIG. Each coordinate value is calculated by an X-axis rotation matrix mx shown in Equation 6, as shown in Equation 7. Since the reference point 1 (x01, y01, z01) is the origin, it does not rotate.

(4) Rotational movement by the Y axis Furthermore, the Y axis is rotated and moved so that the reference point 3 is arranged on the XY plane formed by the X axis and the Y axis.
As shown in FIG. 1C, an angle ky formed between the reference point 3 and the XY plane is obtained by Expression 8, and the reference point 3 and the measurement point 4 are rotationally moved by the angle ky with the Y axis as an axis. By this work, as shown in FIG. 1D, the three reference points 1, 2 and 3 are arranged on the XY plane. Each coordinate value is calculated by a Y-axis rotation matrix my shown in Equation 9 as shown in Equation 10. Since the reference point 1 and the reference point 2 are on the axis of the Y axis, they do not rotate.

  According to Expression 10, coordinate values (x04zxy, y04zxy, z04zxy) at the time of measurement of the measurement point 4 with reference to the reference points 1, 2, and 3 are calculated.

  By repeating the above operations periodically and comparing with the initial value of the measuring point 4 or the coordinate value calculated in the past, the displacement of the structure can be confirmed.

<Confirmation of reference point movement>
The movement of the reference point is confirmed by calculating the straight line length between the measured reference points 1, 2, and 3 by the above method and comparing it with each straight line length in the initial stage.

  In the measuring method using the total station according to the present invention, the reference points 1, 2, and 3 are moved on the same reference plane (XY plane) and converted into the same state (initial state) at all times. Since the coordinates of 4 are measured, even if the total station is inclined or moved for some reason, the measured value is not affected.

  In addition, since errors caused by movement of the total station can be repaired by using the three reference points 1, 2, and 3, measurements can be made within limited visibility conditions, such as in tunnel tunnels and urban areas. Even in a place where a large number of reference points cannot be provided for the purpose of measurement, high-precision measurement is possible.

As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment was described about this invention, this invention is not limited to said each embodiment, A design change is possible suitably in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention.
For example, the order of rotation related to coordinate conversion is not limited, and it is needless to say that three reference points can be finally converted on the same reference plane.

Further, in the above embodiment, the measurement method using the total station according to the present invention is adopted for the displacement measurement of the existing structure accompanying the proximity construction, but is not limited to this, for example, in the tunnel It can be used for measuring the internal displacement of a building or measuring the displacement of a structure after in-service, and is effective for measurements that require periodic measurement of changes over time at each point by installing a total station at any point. It is.
Further, in the above embodiment, the measurement is performed by the permanent total station. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the measurement method using the total station is applied even when the total station is installed at the time of measurement. Is possible.

  Further, the type of the total station used in the measurement method using the total station of the present invention is not limited. For example, an automatic tracking total station, a non-prism mounted total station, or the like may be used.

The reference point set as the origin is not limited, and any reference point out of the three points may be used as long as the same reference point is used during the displacement measurement.
In the above embodiment, the number of measurement points is one, but the number of measurement points is not limited, and a plurality of points may be measured by the same method as in the above embodiment.

  In the above embodiment, the movement of the reference point is confirmed. However, the movement of the reference point may be confirmed as necessary, and if it is certain that the movement of the reference point does not occur. It does not have to be done.

It is explanatory drawing which shows each step | level of the measuring method using the total station which concerns on this Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

1, 2, 3 Reference point 4 Station

Claims (2)

Measure three reference points assumed to be fixed points and at least one measuring point at the total station,
A reference plane formed by any two of the three reference axes orthogonal to each other at the origin, with any one of the three reference points as the origin. The coordinates of the three reference points and the measurement point are transformed so as to be arranged above,
A measuring method using a total station, wherein the coordinate value of the measuring point is measured.   The measurement method using a total station according to claim 1, wherein the coordinate transformation is performed by matrix calculation.

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