JP4424115B2 - Method for producing electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cylindrical substrate, a surface roughening method and apparatus for an electrophotographic photosensitive member base, an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a method for manufacturing the same, and more specifically, an electrophotographic printer or copying machine of a line scanning method using a laser beam. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for roughening the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate used for the above, an electrophotographic photosensitive member produced using the substrate, and a method for producing the same.

  For example, in an electrophotographic apparatus of a line scanning method using a laser beam, there is a problem peculiar to an electrophotographic apparatus using a laser beam that an interference fringe pattern (also referred to as a moire pattern) appears in an image formed using the laser beam. . The generation of the interference fringes is caused by the fact that the transmitted light of the laser that has not been absorbed in the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is multiple-reflected in the photosensitive layer or the photosensitive substrate and interferes with the incident light on the photosensitive layer surface. It is supposed to be. As means for preventing the generation of the interference fringes, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for roughening the surface of a photoreceptor substrate or a photosensitive layer and imparting light scattering properties to these surfaces. The wet honing method can easily and stably roughen the surface in a short time, can accurately obtain the desired roughness, and has extremely uneven portions that cause coating film defects. Other rough surfaces such as anodic oxidation method or buffing method from the viewpoint of production such as obtaining a rough surface with less uniform roughness, and from the viewpoint of image quality stability against black spots and interference fringes It is superior to the chemical treatment method.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-26191

  However, while the wet honing is excellent in uniform roughening of the substrate surface, if the abrasive removal is insufficient by washing after wet honing, the abrasive remains on the aluminum substrate as the conductive support. However, it leads to image defects such as black spots and white spots. One of the causes of image defects due to the residual abrasive is the penetration of the abrasive into the inner surface of the cylindrical substrate during honing. When the cylindrical base material is arranged in the vertical direction during honing and the upper end of the cylindrical base material is gripped, if the honing liquid is jetted at a vertically symmetrical jet angle as described in JP-A-11-231560, The abrasive is sprayed from the lower end of the substrate into the substrate, and the abrasive adheres to the inner surface of the substrate. Then, the abrasive material adhering to the inner surface of the base material floats in the water tank in the subsequent rinsing tank and adheres to the surface of the base material, thereby causing image quality defects. As a solution to prevent the abrasive from entering the inner surface of the base material, as described in JP-A-2002-107958, the cylindrical base material is arranged in the vertical direction and the injection direction of the honing liquid is set downward. Thus, it is possible to prevent the injection into the base material. However, simply spraying downward causes directionality in the rough surface shape of the substrate, and when laser irradiation is performed to form an image on the drum, directionality is also likely to occur in the reflectance of the laser, and image quality is reduced. Incurs a decline.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for reducing image quality defects due to residual abrasives without causing laser reflectivity directivity.

  Means for achieving the above object are as follows.

(1) while moving the cylindrical base material by ejecting honing liquid is roughened and forming a cylindrical base material, the step of forming the cylindrical base material is at least one honing The injection angle of the honing liquid injected from the nozzle onto the cylindrical base material is an injection angle θ2 in the upstream direction with respect to the moving direction of the cylindrical base material with respect to the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylindrical base material. And an injection angle θ1 in the downstream direction with respect to the moving direction of the cylindrical base material with respect to a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylindrical base material, and the injection angle θ2 is larger than the injection angle θ1 and 30. is to 70 °, and the spray angle .theta.1 is 0 to 15 °, wherein Ri difference 15 to 55 ° der angle between the injection angle θ2 with .theta.1, resulting cylindrical base material, laser Illuminate light at an angle of 20 ° to the substrate surface Then, the reflectance of the laser light reflected perpendicularly to the substrate surface is measured, and the average value of the reflectance c% when the laser is scanned from the upper end to the lower end direction of the honed substrate, and the upper end from the lower end When the difference | cd−% from the average value of the reflectance d% when the laser is scanned is taken as the reflectance direction difference, the reflectance direction difference on the surface of the substrate roughened by wet honing is 5 % Is a method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a ratio of at most% .

  By the above manufacturing method, the directionality of the rough surface shape can be reduced, and the effect of suppressing image quality defects is enhanced.

( 2 ) In the method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to ( 1 ), the cylindrical base material is held at an upstream end in the moving direction.

  Furthermore, in the case where the cylindrical base material is gripped only by the upstream end in the moving direction, the directionality of the rough surface shape can be reduced, and the residue of the abrasive on the base material surface can be reduced. Thereby, the effect of suppressing image quality defects is further enhanced.

( 3 ) In the method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to ( 1 ) or ( 2 ), the cylindrical base material is roughened by jetting the honing liquid while being vertically suspended and lifted.

  According to the present invention, the directionality of the rough surface shape can be reduced. Further, when the cylindrical base material is arranged in multiple directions and is gripped only at the upper end side, in addition to reducing the directionality of the rough surface shape, it is possible to reduce residual abrasives on the surface of the base material. Thereby, the image quality can be further improved.

  The schematic which shows one Embodiment of the honing apparatus of the cylindrical base material concerning this Embodiment is shown by FIG.

  In FIG. 1, a wet honing method in which a cylindrical base material is arranged in the vertical direction and moved in the vertical direction will be described below as an example.

  The honing apparatus for roughening a cylindrical base material in the present embodiment grips at least one or more honing nozzles 3 that inject a honing liquid onto the cylindrical base material 1 and at least one end of the cylindrical base material 1. The angle of the honing liquid sprayed from the honing nozzle 3 with respect to the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylindrical base material 1 is upstream of the moving direction of the cylindrical base material 1. The injection angle θ1 in the direction and the injection angle θ2 in the downstream direction with respect to the moving direction of the cylindrical substrate 1 with respect to the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylindrical substrate 1, and the injection angle θ2 is the injection angle It is larger than θ1 and the injection angle θ1 is set to 0 ° or more. The honing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is a circulation type, and the wet honing tank 7 includes a cylindrical base material 1, a gripping tool 8 that grips one end of the cylindrical base material 1, and a honing to the cylindrical base material 1. At least one or more honing nozzles 3 for injecting liquid are provided. Further, a honing liquid extraction hole is provided on the lower surface of the wet honing tank 7, and a honing liquid circulation pipe is connected to the extraction hole, and the honing liquid circulation pipe is connected to the honing liquid via the liquid feed pump 2. Connected to the introduction pipe 6, the honing liquid introduction pipe 6 is connected to the honing nozzle 3. The honing nozzle 3 is also connected to a compressed air introduction pipe 5. As a result, the honing liquid 4 is fed to the honing nozzle 3 via the honing liquid introduction pipe 6 by the liquid feed pump 2, and further injected from the honing nozzle 3 at a desired pressure by the air compressed by the compressed air introduction pipe 5. Is done.

  Next, the wet honing using the honing apparatus of FIG. 1 will be specifically described.

  First, the upper end of the cylindrical base material 1 is gripped by the gripping tool 8 and placed in the central portion of the wet honing tank 7, and the cylindrical base material 1 is moved in the vertical direction while rotating around the axial center. The honing liquid in which the abrasive is suspended is sent to the honing nozzle 3 by the liquid feed pump 2 and simultaneously air is introduced into the honing nozzle 3 through the compressed air introduction pipe 5, whereby the honing liquid 4 is supplied to the cylindrical substrate 1. To spray. When fixing the position of the honing nozzle 3 during honing, the cylindrical substrate 1 is raised. Further, it is not always necessary to fix the honing nozzle 3 at the time of honing, and a method in which the position of the cylindrical base material 1 is fixed and the honing nozzle 3 is scanned downward is also possible.

  In the above-described method, the lower end portion of the cylindrical base material 1 is generally processed in an open state. However, the honing process may be performed after the lower end portion of the cylindrical base material 1 is covered.

  As mentioned above, although the honing apparatus which arrange | positions the cylindrical base material 1 to a vertical direction and performed honing processing was demonstrated, it is not restricted to this, The cylindrical base material 1 is placed horizontally in the wet honing tank 7, and both ends And may be moved in either the left or right direction while rotating around the axis. In such a case, it is desirable to set the injection angles θ1 and θ2 according to either the left or right direction, as will be described later.

  As shown in FIG. 2, when the hoisting liquid 4 is hoisted by hoisting the cylindrical base material 1 by suspending it vertically in the wet honing tank 7 and moving it upward, as shown in FIG. With reference to the vertical direction, that is, the horizontal direction in the drawing, the upward angle θ1 is preferably 0 to 15 °. When the upward injection angle θ1 is less than 0 °, the directionality appears strongly in the roughness shape of the substrate surface. When the angle exceeds 15 °, directionality appears in the rough surface shape of the base material surface, and when the cylindrical base material 1 is gripped and honed only at the upper end, from the lower end portion of the base material during honing. When the polishing liquid enters the inside of the base material, the abrasive material remains on the surface of the base material, which may lead to image quality defects. On the other hand, the downward injection angle θ2 is preferably 30 to 50 °. If the downward injection angle θ2 is less than 30 °, the directionality of the roughness shape of the base material surface is reduced, but the spreading width of the honing liquid injection is narrowed, so the amount of abrasive that collides per unit area And the roughening efficiency decreases. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50 °, the directionality of the rough shape of the base material surface appears greatly, which is not preferable.

  As described above, the case where the cylindrical base material is arranged in the vertical direction and wet honing is performed has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the cylindrical base material is arranged in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. The surface of the cylindrical base material may be roughened while rotating the base material about the axis.

  In such a case, as shown in FIG. 3, when the cylindrical base material 1 is horizontally placed in the wet honing tank 7 and moved horizontally in the left direction on the drawing, honing is performed. The angle θ1 in the left direction is preferably 0 ° to 15 ° with respect to the vertical direction, that is, the vertical direction in the drawing. If the jet angle θ1 in the left direction is less than 0 °, directionality appears strongly in the roughness shape of the substrate surface. When the angle exceeds 15 °, directionality appears in the rough surface shape of the base material surface, and when the cylindrical base material 1 is gripped and honed only on the moving direction side, the lower end of the base material during honing. When the polishing liquid enters the base material from the part, the abrasive material remains on the base material surface, which may lead to image quality defects. On the other hand, the injection angle θ2 in the right direction is preferably 30 ° to 50 °. When the injection angle θ2 in the right direction is less than 30 °, the directionality of the roughness shape of the base material surface is reduced, but the spreading width of the injection of the honing liquid is reduced, so that the amount of abrasive that collides per unit area And the roughening efficiency decreases. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50 °, the directionality of the rough shape of the base material surface appears greatly, which is not preferable. In addition, in FIG. 3, although the case where it moved to the left direction on drawing was demonstrated, it is not restricted to this, You may move horizontally to the right direction on drawing, and in such a case, the cylindrical base material 1 is horizontal direction. Therefore, the injection angles θ1 and θ2 are preferably in the same range as described above with reference to FIG.

  Further, the injection direction of the honing nozzle 3 may have an inclination in a range of ± 15 ° with respect to a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylindrical base material 1.

  Moreover, the compressed air pressure at the time of injection from the honing nozzle 3 is 0.05 MPa to 0.30 MPa, and the distance from the tip of the honing nozzle 3 to the substrate surface is preferably 40 mm to 300 mm. In addition, the abrasive content concentration of the honing liquid 4 is 5 wt% to 30 wt%, and the flow rate of the honing liquid with respect to the honing nozzle 3 is preferably 5 kg / min to 20 kg / min. Is fixed, the moving speed of the cylindrical substrate 1 is desirably 200 mm / min to 3000 mm / min. Moreover, it is preferable that the rotation speed of the cylindrical base material 1 is 50 rpm to 500 rpm. In the present embodiment, a desired honing process is performed by combining the above-described conditions in addition to the above-described injection angles θ1 and θ2.

  After the honing treatment described above, the surface of the photoreceptor substrate is cleaned by spraying a cleaning liquid containing an abrasive having a lower concentration (preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by weight) than the honing liquid from a spray nozzle. It is preferable to do so because the accuracy and efficiency of cleaning tend to be improved in the cleaning step described later. The roughened cylindrical base material is subjected to brush cleaning and water rinsing to remove the abrasive adhered to the base material surface.

  The substrate that has been rinsed and washed is placed in a dryer to remove moisture adhering to the substrate before coating, and dried with hot air. The remaining water droplets cause spots on the substrate and cause image quality defects. The dried substrate is cooled and transferred to the coating process.

  In the coating step, a photosensitive layer including an undercoat layer is coated on the surface of the cylindrical substrate. For example, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer are formed on the substrate.

  Regarding the application method, there are various application methods such as dip coating, spray coating, and flow coating. However, the coating method is selected according to the characteristics of the coating solution of the photosensitive layer, and the coating method is not limited. Absent. Moreover, although it is necessary to dry the coating liquid surface every time one layer is applied, it is not always necessary to use a dryer because forced drying is not necessary depending on the type of the coating liquid.

  As described above, the functional layer is laminated on the base material by the coating process, and as a result, the electrophotographic photosensitive member is manufactured.

Example 1
Hereinafter, the effect of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples of a method for honing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

  A cylindrical base material containing aluminum as a main component (hereinafter referred to as an aluminum base material) is subjected to mirror cutting of the outer surface to a diameter of 30 mm using a diamond tool, and then a smooth surface having a surface roughness Ra of 0.03 to 0.06 μm. Finished.

  After the cutting process, the degreasing cleaning, the rinsing cleaning, and the warm pure water pulling and drying process were performed in this order. In the degreasing cleaning step and the rinsing cleaning step, ultrasonic waves were applied to the substrate being cleaned by an ultrasonic oscillator of 35 kHz to 40 kHz. The surfactant used in the degreasing and cleaning process is a nonionic surfactant, and the water used in the degreasing and cleaning process is ion exchange water of 0.1 μS / cm or less.

  The surface of the aluminum substrate was roughened by the wet honing apparatus described above. The aluminum substrate was suspended vertically and moved upward while rotating around the axis. In this embodiment, the injection angle θ1 in the upward direction (downstream with respect to the moving direction) of the honing liquid is 0 °, and the injection angle θ2 in the downward direction (upstream with respect to the moving direction) is set to 50 °. The honing nozzle was set perpendicularly to the central axis of the aluminum substrate. The distance from the tip of the honing nozzle to the substrate surface was 100 mm. Moreover, the rotation speed of the base material at the time of honing was 100 rpm, and roughening was started from the upper end of the base material. In the roughening treatment, an abrasive mainly composed of aluminum oxide is suspended in water at 10% by weight, and this is sent to an injection nozzle at a flow rate of 10 kg / min, a processing speed of 1000 mm / min, and a compressed air pressure. The aluminum substrate was sprayed at 0.1 to 0.2 MPa so that the surface roughness was Ra: 0.18 μm. As the abrasive, aluminum oxide (Aluna Beads (CB-A35S), average particle size 35 μm) manufactured by Showa Denko Co., Ltd. was used.

  The following cleaning treatment was performed on the roughened aluminum base material. The aluminum base material is first sprayed with water, and then sprayed with water, and a nylon brush as a processing member is brought into contact with the aluminum base material while rotating in the same direction at 100 rpm with the aluminum base material. The pressing process was performed for 60 seconds. Next, rinsing with pure water having an electric conductivity of 0.1 to 1.0 μS / cm and a temperature of 18 to 25 ° C. was performed, and hot air drying was performed at 135 ° C. after raising the hot pure water at 50 ° C.

  Next, 100 parts of an organic zirconium compound (trade name: ORGATICS ZC540, manufactured by Matsumoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and a silane coupling agent (trade name: A1100, Nippon Unicar Co., Ltd.) )) 10 parts, polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name: BM-S, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) 10 parts and n-butyl alcohol 130 parts were mixed, and the resulting coating solution was applied by a dip coating method. By heating at 140 ° C. for 15 minutes, an undercoat layer of 1.0 μm was formed.

  Next, in a 2% cyclohexanone solution of polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name: BM-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.), a metal-containing or non-metal-containing hydroxyphthalocyanone pigment and a ratio of the pigment to the resin are 2: Then, the mixture was dispersed in a sand mill for 3 hours. The obtained dispersion was further diluted with n-butyl acetate and dip-coated on the undercoat layer to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.15 μm.

  Next, a solution obtained by dissolving 4 parts of N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (m-tolyl) benzidine and 6 parts of polycarbonate Z resin in 36 parts of monochlorobenzene is dip-coated on the charge generation layer. And dried at 115 ° C. for 40 minutes to form a 24 μm thick charge transport layer. An electrophotographic photosensitive member was obtained as described above.

[Evaluation methods]
About evaluation of the interference fringe generation | occurrence | production degree in image quality evaluation, the obtained electrophotographic photoreceptor was evaluated with the reflectance fluctuation | variation evaluation machine (made by Fuji Xerox). The reflectance fluctuation evaluator is composed of a light projecting unit composed of a photosensitive member supporting unit, a semiconductor laser collimator and a condenser lens, and a light receiving unit composed of an optical power meter, and irradiates the object to be evaluated with 780 nm laser light. Specified measurement of reflectance. In this reflectance fluctuation evaluation machine, the photosensitive member is irradiated with laser light, and the ratio of the amount of interference light brightened by interference to the incident light is defined as reflectance a%, and the amount of interference light darkened by interference is incident. The reflectance difference (ab) is measured when the ratio to light is the reflectance b%. This (ab) is called reflectance fluctuation. As for the reflectance fluctuation, the maximum value of the reflectance fluctuation of the obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member was measured, and the occurrence of interference fringes was evaluated. As an evaluation criterion, the reflectance is preferably less than 1.5%, and the reflectance is better as it is closer to 0%.

  Next, as a method for evaluating the directionality of the rough surface shape, a laser reflectivity measuring machine (manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.) is used, and a 780 nm laser beam is rotated at an angle of 20 ° with respect to the substrate surface while rotating the cylindrical substrate. The reflectivity of the laser beam irradiated with and reflected perpendicularly to the substrate surface was measured. Difference between the average value of the reflectance c% when the laser is scanned in the direction from the upper end to the lower end of the honed substrate and the average value of the reflectance d% when the laser is scanned from the lower end to the upper end | cd |% Was evaluated as an index of the directionality of the rough surface shape. As an evaluation criterion, the difference in reflectance direction | cd−% is better as it is closer to 0%, but it is better if it is 5% or less. When the reflectance direction difference exceeds 5%, a halftone image print will have a large difference in shading.

  As an evaluation method of the amount of abrasive material entering the inner surface of the substrate during honing, the entire amount of abrasive material adhering to the inner surface of the substrate immediately after honing is collected and the weight of the collected abrasive material is measured to polish the inner surface of the substrate. The amount of material adhesion was evaluated.

  Regarding the number of drum defects due to residual abrasive, the number of defects on the surface of the photosensitive drum was measured by using an in-house manufactured surface defect evaluation device consisting of a CCD camera and a microscope for 500 electrophotographic photoreceptors obtained. Then, the defect occurrence rate due to the residual abrasive was evaluated.

  Ten halftone print images were printed and the image quality was evaluated. As a method for evaluating a halftone printed image, the produced drum was incorporated into a digital copying machine (manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.), and a copying test was conducted. The image density was measured with an X-Rite 404A densitometer (manufactured by Amtec Corporation). When the average image density was 1.4 or less, the density was insufficient, and when the average image density was 1.6 or more, it was evaluated that the density was excessive. .

(Example 2)
Similar to Example 1, the aluminum base material was suspended vertically and moved upward while rotating about the axis center. A honing nozzle that injects the upward injection angle θ1 at 15 ° and the downward injection angle θ2 at 50 ° was used, and the honing treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an electrophotographic photosensitive member. . The evaluation was performed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

(Example 3)
Similar to Example 1, the aluminum base material was suspended vertically and moved upward while rotating about the axis center. A honing nozzle that injects the upward injection angle θ1 at 15 ° and the downward injection angle θ2 at 30 ° was used, and the honing treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an electrophotographic photosensitive member. . The evaluation was performed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Example 4
Similar to Example 1, the aluminum base material was suspended vertically and moved upward while rotating about the axis center. A honing nozzle that injects the upward injection angle θ1 at 15 ° and the downward injection angle θ2 at 70 ° was used, and the honing treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an electrophotographic photosensitive member. . The evaluation was performed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

(Example 5)
As in Example 1, the aluminum base material was suspended vertically and moved downward while rotating about the axis. A honing process was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that a honing nozzle that injects the downward jetting angle θ1 at 15 ° and the upward jetting angle θ2 at 50 ° to obtain an electrophotographic photosensitive member. The evaluation was performed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

(Example 6)
The aluminum base material was arranged in the horizontal direction and moved horizontally in the left direction as shown in FIG. 3 while rotating around the axis. A honing nozzle is used that injects an injection angle θ1 in the left direction (upstream with respect to the moving direction) at 15 °, an injection angle θ2 in the right direction (downstream with respect to the moving direction) at 50 °, and the honing nozzle is made of aluminum. It installed perpendicularly | vertically with respect to the central axis of a base material. The distance from the tip of the honing nozzle to the substrate surface was 100 mm. Moreover, the rotation speed of the base material at the time of honing was 100 rpm, and roughening was started from the upper end of the base material. In the roughening treatment, an abrasive mainly composed of aluminum oxide is suspended in water at 10% by weight, and this is sent to an injection nozzle at a flow rate of 10 kg / min, a processing speed of 1000 mm / min, and a compressed air pressure. It sprayed on the said aluminum base material at 0.1-0.2 MPa, and it honing-processed so that surface roughness might be set to Ra: 0.18 micrometer, and the electrophotographic photoreceptor was obtained. The evaluation was performed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

(Example 7)
The aluminum substrate was arranged in the lateral direction and gripped the substrate only in the moving direction. While rotating about the axis, it was moved horizontally to the right as shown in FIG. A honing nozzle that injects the injection angle θ1 in the left direction (upstream with respect to the moving direction) at 0 °, the injection angle θ2 in the right direction (downstream with respect to the moving direction) at 30 °, and the honing nozzle is made of aluminum. It installed perpendicularly | vertically with respect to the central axis of a base material. The distance from the tip of the honing nozzle to the substrate surface was 100 mm. Moreover, the rotation speed of the base material at the time of honing was 100 rpm, and roughening was started from the upper end of the base material. In the roughening treatment, an abrasive mainly composed of aluminum oxide is suspended in water at 10% by weight, and this is sent to an injection nozzle at a flow rate of 10 kg / min, a processing speed of 1000 mm / min, and a compressed air pressure. It sprayed on the said aluminum base material at 0.1-0.2 MPa, and it honing-processed so that surface roughness might be set to Ra: 0.18 micrometer, and the electrophotographic photoreceptor was obtained. The evaluation was performed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

(Comparative Example 1)
Similar to Example 1, the aluminum base material was suspended vertically and moved upward while rotating about the axis center. A honing nozzle that injects an upward jetting angle θ1 of 50 ° and a downward jetting angle θ2 of 15 ° was used, and honing was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an electrophotographic photosensitive member. . The evaluation was performed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

(Comparative Example 2)
Similar to Example 1, the aluminum base material was suspended vertically and moved upward while rotating about the axis center. A honing nozzle that injects the upward injection angle θ1 at 30 ° and the downward injection angle θ2 at 30 ° was used, and the honing treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an electrophotographic photosensitive member. . The evaluation was performed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

(Comparative Example 3)
Similar to Example 1, the aluminum base material was suspended vertically and moved upward while rotating about the axis center. A honing nozzle that injects an upward jetting angle θ1 of −15 ° and a downward jetting angle θ2 of 50 ° is used, and honing is performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an electrophotographic photosensitive member. It was. The evaluation was performed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[Evaluation results]
These results are shown in Table 1 below.

  Each of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was evaluated 10 times except for the defect occurrence rate, and the average value is shown in Table 1. From Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3, when the injection angle θ1 on the downstream side with respect to the moving direction is reduced, the amount of abrasive material entering the substrate inner surface is reduced, thereby reducing image quality defects due to residual abrasives. Can do. Further, by making the upstream injection angle θ2 larger than the downstream injection angle θ1 with respect to the moving direction, the difference in the reflectance direction of the surface of the obtained cylindrical substrate is reduced, and the rough surface shape The directionality of becomes smaller. However, when the difference between the ejection angles θ1 and θ2 is large, the reflectance direction difference is slightly increased. From Examples 2 to 4, when the injection angle θ2 in the upstream direction with respect to the moving direction is increased, the difference in reflectance direction is slightly increased. When the injection angle θ1 in the downstream direction with respect to the moving direction is larger than the injection angle θ2 in the upstream direction relative to the moving direction, the image quality defect due to the remaining abrasive material occurs.

It is the schematic which shows an example of a structure of the wet honing apparatus in this invention. It is the schematic explaining the injection angle of the honing liquid injected from the nozzle at the time of hanging the cylindrical base material vertically in embodiment. It is the schematic explaining the injection angle of the honing liquid injected from the nozzle at the time of placing the cylindrical base material horizontally in embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cylindrical base material, 2 liquid feeding pump, 3 honing nozzle, 4 honing liquid, 5 compressed air introduction pipe, 6 honing liquid introduction piping, 7 wet honing tank, 8 gripping tool.

Claims (1)

And forming a cylindrical base material by jetting honing liquid while moving the cylindrical base material,
In the step of forming the cylindrical base material, the injection angle of the honing liquid sprayed from the at least one honing nozzle to the cylindrical base material is based on a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylindrical base material. And an injection angle θ2 in the upstream direction with respect to the moving direction of the cylindrical base material, and an injection angle in the downstream direction with respect to the moving direction of the cylindrical base material with respect to a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylindrical base material θ1 and
The injection angle θ2 is larger than the injection angle θ1 and is 30 to 70 °, the injection angle θ1 is 0 to 15 ° , and the difference between the injection angles θ2 and θ1 is 15 to 55 °. The
The obtained cylindrical substrate is irradiated with laser light at an angle of 20 ° with respect to the substrate surface, the reflectance of the laser beam reflected perpendicularly to the substrate surface is measured, and the honing treatment is performed. The difference | cd−% between the average value of the reflectance c% when the laser is scanned from the upper end to the lower end and the average value of the reflectance d% when the laser is scanned from the lower end to the upper end A method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the difference in the direction of the reflectance of the substrate surface roughened by wet honing is 5% or less when the direction difference is taken .

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