JP4422446B2 - Water balance calculation device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a water balance calculation apparatus.

Conventionally, in the study of water storage facilities such as dams and reservoirs, storm runoff analysis methods based on intensive models represented by tank models and groundwater flow analysis methods have been used (for example, Non-Patent Document 1 or Non-Patent Document 2).
Masaaki Sugawara, “Continuation and Runoff Analysis”, Kyoritsu Publishing Co., Ltd., February 1979, p. 269 Ministry of Construction River Bureau, “Construction of Multipurpose Dam”, National Construction Training Center, June 1980, Volume 1, p. 239-277

  On the other hand, in recent years, in the construction of water storage facilities, there are an increasing number of grounds with many technical issues to ensure the necessary water storage function in terms of topography and geology. It is required to select the water stop countermeasure method quickly and accurately. For that purpose, the amount of inflow water flowing into the water storage facility (surface water and groundwater recharge amount, etc.) and the amount of outflow water flowing out from the target ground to the downstream side of the water storage facility (infiltration amount, etc.) must be quantitatively understood. It is important to evaluate the water storage function of the target ground, that is, to evaluate it.

However, with the above method, the three-dimensional geological distribution and the influence of the topography around the water storage facility cannot be fully considered, and observation data (long-term observation data such as river flow and groundwater level) exists in the past. It can only be applied to a limited number of locations. In addition, since it is not possible to predict changes in the water storage function due to changes in construction conditions due to implementation of the water stop measures method or modification of the ground surface, the economics of the water stop measures method for water storage facilities is based on quantitative indicators. A rational method for evaluation has not been established.
In addition, it is difficult to accurately evaluate the water storage function in the target ground because it is not possible to simultaneously and quantitatively evaluate the distribution of groundwater recharge due to topography and geology directly into the rainwater storage facility.

  In addition, since various data (topographic data, geological data, meteorological data, hydrological data, etc.) for evaluating the water storage function are not centrally managed, it takes time to collect data and create data for analysis. In many cases, it takes a long time from the start to the start of construction, and data collected during that time may be lost, which may hinder analysis.

The present invention has an object to solve the above respective problems, and aims to propose a hydrological area and water balance calculation apparatus for performing fast and accurate calculation of the balance of payments water target ground .

In order to solve the above problems, a water balance calculation apparatus of the present invention is a device that calculates the water balance of a water storage facility using a finite element method, and includes three-dimensional landform data including water system position information, A ground property data group including distribution data, ground characteristic value data corresponding to the geological distribution data, and groundwater system position data, stored in association with the three-dimensional landform data, and associated with the three-dimensional landform data; A database comprising a meteorological data group including stored rainfall data, an input requesting unit for requesting input of various conditions, and extracting an upstream basin of the water storage facility from the three-dimensional terrain data in the database. determining the analysis target area Te and watershed extraction means, the three-dimensional topographical data of the extracted analysis target area, and the various conditions, soil properties of the analyzed area Analysis target region composite data group creation means for creating an analysis target region composite data group by incorporating a data group, and split region creation for creating a plurality of split regions analyzed by the finite element method in the analysis target region And a water balance is calculated from the inflow water amount and the outflow water amount between the divided regions by the finite element method using the analysis target region composite data group under predetermined initial conditions and boundary conditions, and the water storage facility and a water balance calculating means for calculating the balance of water in, the various conditions are schematic region, including the evaluation area, the approximate position of the water storage facilities, design conditions of the water storage facilities, construction of waterproofing measures method conditions, includes the analysis conditions, the basin extraction unit divides the evaluation object area into small sections, flows down the surface water with calculating the inclination direction of the subregion The direction was calculated, and extracts the analyzed basin by sequentially extracting subregions of the upstream side by going back the flow-down direction of the surface water flowing into subregions downstream.

Here, hydrological areas are all water areas such as rivers, lakes, groundwater flows, etc. that exist in nature, and water-related facilities such as water storage facilities (dams, reservoirs, etc.), waterways, ponds, etc. It shows the water system and the surrounding ground and various facilities.
According to the present invention, the water balance is calculated by the water balance calculation means from the inflow water amount and the outflow water amount in the evaluation target area using the finite element method, and the water balance evaluation of the hydrological area can be performed accurately and easily. Can be done. Therefore, according to the water area, it is possible to efficiently support the determination of the necessity of facility construction and the creation of a plan for constructing an appropriate facility.

Further, in the water balance calculation device, the water balance calculation means includes a surface water flow equation of motion, a ground water flow equation of motion, a rainfall amount between each of the divided regions, and a surface water between the adjacent divided regions. The mass conservation formula of surface water indicating that the net increase in water and the net increase in the surrounding groundwater are preserved, and between each of the divided areas, the amount of groundwater recharge, the net increase in groundwater between the adjacent divided areas and the surface For the governing equation consisting of the groundwater mass conservation equation indicating that the net increase in water is preserved, the surface water amount between each of the divided regions is repeatedly calculated using numerical analysis by a finite element method. When the amount of groundwater reaches a predetermined equilibrium state, the value is determined as the surface water amount and the amount of groundwater in each of the divided regions.

  Here, the groundwater flow is preferably divided into unsaturated groundwater above the groundwater level and saturated groundwater below the groundwater level, and separate equations of motion are set.

  According to the present invention, the surface water flow and the groundwater flow can be integrated and analyzed, so that the water balance can be calculated more accurately.

  According to the present invention, the water balance calculation means calculates the water balance from the inflow water amount and the outflow water amount between the divided regions using the finite element method, and calculates the water storage amount in the water storage facility. In addition, it is possible to evaluate the water storage function of the target ground for constructing the water storage facility. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently support the creation of a plan for constructing an appropriate water storage facility according to the target ground.

Further, in the water balance calculation apparatus, the input request unit includes a stop area including a water stoppage construction method construction area to be constructed around the water storage facility and an improved ground characteristic value data in the water stoppage countermeasure construction area. Water analysis method condition data input request means is provided, and the analysis target area composite data creation means incorporates the water stop countermeasure method condition data input by the input request means into the analysis target ground. It may be configured such that the target area composite data can be created.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to calculate the amount of water stored in the water storage facility when the water stoppage countermeasure method is performed at the construction site of the water storage facility, so that it is possible to easily evaluate the water stoppage countermeasure method.

Further, in the water balance calculation apparatus, the input request unit is configured to be able to input a construction cost of the water storage facility and a construction cost of the water stoppage countermeasure method, and is calculated by the water balance calculation unit. The return-on-investment index calculation that calculates the return-on-investment index from at least one of the stored water amount in the stored water storage facility and the construction cost of the storage facility and the construction cost of the water stoppage countermeasure method input by the input request unit Means may be provided.

  According to the present invention, the return on investment can be calculated from at least one of the calculated amount of water stored in the storage facility, the construction cost of the storage facility, and the construction cost of the water stoppage countermeasure method. By comparing the indicators, it is possible to easily compare and evaluate alternatives.

Furthermore, the said water balance calculation apparatus may be provided with the analysis result display means which displays the calculation result of the water balance calculated by the said water balance calculation means.

  Since the present invention is provided with the analysis result display means, the calculation result of the water balance and the analysis result calculated by the water balance calculation means can be visually recognized on the screen, and the determination can be easily performed. .

If the water balance calculation apparatus of the present invention is used, it becomes possible to quickly and accurately calculate the water balance of the hydrological region.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, in the case where the water storage facility D is constructed in a water area where a plurality of streams join, the water storage function of the target ground for constructing the water storage facility D and the water storage facility D It is the aspect which used the water balance calculation apparatus by this invention for evaluation.

<Configuration of water balance calculation device>
As shown in FIG. 1, the water balance calculation apparatus T of the present invention is configured with an apparatus main body 1 constituted by a computer, an input means 2 and an output means 3 as main parts.

The input unit 2 serves to input instruction information for various operations requested from the input request unit 20 in the apparatus main body 1 and includes a keyboard 2a, a mouse 2b, a recording medium reading device 2c, and the like.
The output means 3 serves to output various calculation results, data, and the like, and includes a display 3a, a printer 3b, a recording medium writing device 3c, and the like.

[Device main unit]
The apparatus main body 1 includes a database 10, an input request unit 20, an analysis data creation unit 30, a calculation unit 40, an analysis result display unit 50, a control unit 60, and a storage unit 70 as main parts.

(1) Database The database 10 plays a role of storing various data for creating the analysis target region composite data, and includes a three-dimensional landform information database 11, a ground property information database 12, and a weather information database 13. A hydrological information database 14 and an analysis model information database 15, and desired data can be extracted from the data stored in each database via a data management means (not shown).

[3D terrain information database]
The three-dimensional terrain information database 11 is a means in which electronic map data having information on a plane position and elevation in a wide area (for example, all over Japan) (hereinafter, also referred to as “three-dimensional terrain information”) is stored. Information on the location of rivers, rivers, lakes, water storage facilities, etc., location information on road networks and railway networks, land use status data, etc. are also included.

[Ground property information database]
The geological property information database 12 includes geological data (geological thickness data at each point (various geophysical property value data corresponding to various geological features (for example, hydraulic properties, hydraulic conductivity, storage coefficient, porosity, roughness coefficient, water Including penetrance, etc.))), vegetation data, and data relating to various ground properties such as boring data at a predetermined survey point are stored in a state associated with three-dimensional terrain information.

The geological data is related to the three-dimensional topographic information, and the geological distribution map that displays the geological structure of the surface layer (for example, volcanic sedimentary layer, granite layer, etc.) and fault location is converted into electronic data (hereinafter referred to as “surface layer” Geological data ”), and physical property value data is stored in association with each type of geological structure.
The vegetation data is a vegetation map that displays the type of vegetation (for example, a simple artificial forest, a mixed artificial forest, a deciduous broad-leaved tree, etc.) and is converted into electronic data in association with three-dimensional terrain information.

  Further, the boring data is obtained by converting the results of the boring survey at a predetermined survey point into electronic data. The borehole data is associated with the plane coordinates of the three-dimensional terrain data, and the geological structure data (( The stratum thickness, groundwater level, various physical property data, etc.) are hereinafter stored as “depth direction geological data”).

[Meteorological information database]
The meteorological information database 13 stores various types of weather-related data such as rainfall, temperature, and amount of evaporative water (hereinafter referred to as “meteorological data”) in each area divided by a predetermined area in association with three-dimensional terrain information. Means.

[Hydrologic Information Database]
The hydrological information database 14 is a means in which data relating to various hydrology such as river flow rates and water storage amounts relating to rivers and lakes is stored in association with three-dimensional terrain information.

[Analysis model information database]
The analysis model information database 15 is a means in which a model formula used in the water balance calculation means 41 described later and various parameters used in the model formula are stored.

(2) Input request unit The input request unit 20 plays a role of requesting the operator to perform various input operations, and includes an approximate area input request unit 21, a water storage facility condition input request unit 22, and a water stoppage. Countermeasure construction condition input request means 23, analysis condition input request means 24, and operation input request means 25 are provided.

[Outline area input request means]
The approximate area input request means 21 is a means for selecting an approximate area including the evaluation target area from a wide range of three-dimensional terrain information.
As shown in FIG. 2, the approximate area input requesting means 21 displays the approximate position of the water storage facility D (for example, a predetermined area in a prefecture) on a display 3a on which wide-area three-dimensional terrain information is displayed at a predetermined scale. ) And the operator designates the position on the screen using the input means 2, so that the approximate area Ma is determined and displayed on the screen.

[Water storage facility condition input request means]
The water storage facility condition input requesting means 22 is a means for requesting input of various design conditions and the like related to the water storage facility D such as the construction position, structure conditions, and construction cost of the target water storage facility D.
For example, the water storage facility condition input requesting means 22 requests the input of the construction location of the water storage facility D on the approximate area Ma displayed on the display 3a as shown in FIG. The construction position is determined by indicating the position on the screen using the means 2, and the three-dimensional position is recognized as the water storage facility position data via the water storage facility condition setting means 33 described later.

  Further, the water storage facility condition input requesting means 22 requests the input of the structural condition and construction cost of the water storage facility D on the operation screen displayed on the display 3a, and the operator uses the input means 2. By instructing predetermined information, data is stored in the storage unit 70 via the water storage facility condition setting means 33.

[Water stop countermeasures construction condition input request means]
The water stop countermeasure method condition input requesting means 23 includes the construction conditions of various water stop countermeasure methods including the construction area of the water stop countermeasure method and the improved geological data and construction cost in the construction area of the water stop countermeasure method. A means for requesting input.
For example, the water stoppage countermeasure method condition input requesting means 23 requests a construction area of the waterstop countermeasure method on the analysis target area Mb displayed on the display 3a, and the operator uses the input means 2. Then, the construction position is determined by instructing the position on the screen, and the three-dimensional position is recognized via the water stoppage countermeasure construction condition setting means 34 described later.

  In addition, the water stop countermeasure method condition input requesting means 23 requests input of improved ground characteristic value data, construction cost, etc. in the construction area of the water stop countermeasure method on the operation screen displayed on the display 3a. Thus, the operator instructs the predetermined information using the input unit 2, and the data is stored in the storage unit 70 via the post-water-stop countermeasure method condition setting unit 34.

[Analysis condition input request means]
The analysis condition input request means 24 is a means for requesting input of various analysis conditions necessary for calculating a water balance by a finite element method (hereinafter referred to as “FEM”).
This analysis condition input request means 24 inputs various conditions necessary for the analysis such as the total number of meshes of the divided areas, the initial conditions when performing FEM, the boundary conditions, and the number of divided areas on the operation screen displayed on the display 3a. The operator instructs predetermined information using the input unit 2, and the data is stored in the storage unit 70 via the later-described analysis condition setting unit 37.

  The operation input request unit 25 is an element for playing a role of requesting the operator to perform various operations on the entire apparatus.

(3) Analysis data creation unit The analysis data creation unit 30 includes a basin extraction unit 31, a geological distribution creation unit 32, a water storage facility condition setting unit 33, a water stop countermeasure method condition setting unit 34, and an analysis target region composite data. A group creating unit 35, a divided region creating unit 36, and an analysis condition setting unit 37 are provided.

[Watershed extraction means]
The basin extraction means 31 is a means for extracting the upstream basin of the water storage facility D from the wide-area three-dimensional terrain information stored in the three-dimensional terrain information database 11 and determining the analysis target area Mb. This basin extraction means 31 is configured to perform the following operations. That is, the evaluation target area is divided into small areas (for example, 50 m square, hereinafter referred to as “cell”). Next, the inclination direction of each cell is calculated from the altitude data stored in the three-dimensional terrain information database 11, and the flow direction of surface water is calculated. The analysis target basin Mb, which is the upstream basin, is extracted by sequentially extracting the upstream cells from the downstream outflow cells (optionally selected by the operator). Moreover, it is comprised so that a water system chart can be obtained by extracting the thing more than a threshold value with the cumulative number of the cells in the upstream of each cell (refer FIG. 4).

  The three-dimensional position coordinates of the water storage facility D are recognized by being converted into data that can be analyzed by the water storage facility condition setting means 33 described later. In addition, the region surrounded by the water diversion boundary is to determine the analysis target region Mb by extracting a region having an elevation higher than that of the water storage facility D using elevation data as a main index.

[Geological distribution creation means]
The geological distribution creation means 32 modifies the three-dimensional geological distribution data in the depth direction in the analysis target region Mb using the geological data and the boring data stored in the ground property information database 12 as necessary. It is a means for creating more accurate three-dimensional formation distribution data.

This geological distribution creation means 32 is a geological statistical method based on the geological thickness data of each point in the geological data stored in the ground property information database 12 and the geological data in the depth direction which is the boring data at each predetermined survey point. For example, the formation thickness can be estimated at an arbitrary point. Various known methods can be used for the geological statistical method. For example, a clicking method that interpolates the formation thickness at an arbitrary point from the formation thickness at the survey point of each adjacent boring survey is used. Can do. In addition, when there is no geological data from a boring survey or the like in the vicinity, a geological boundary can also be configured in a three-dimensional manner by placing a virtual grid-shaped boring and inputting an assumed formation depth.
The formation thickness data estimated at each point in this way is stored in the storage unit 70 as three-dimensional electronic map data.

[Water storage facility condition setting means]
The water storage facility condition setting means 33 is a means for setting various design conditions and the like of the water storage facility D. The water storage facility input on the display 3a via the input means 2 in response to a request from the water storage facility condition input requesting means 22 The three-dimensional position of the facility D is recognized as data corresponding to the three-dimensional terrain information, and the structure condition of the water storage facility D and the construction cost are associated with each other and stored in the storage unit 70.

[Construction method setting method for water stop measures]
The water stop countermeasure method condition setting means 34 is a means for setting various construction conditions and the like of the water stop countermeasure method, and on the display 3a through the input means 2 in response to a request from the water stop countermeasure method condition input request means 23. In addition to recognizing the area for performing the water stop countermeasure method input in step 3 as data corresponding to the three-dimensional terrain information, the improved geological data and construction costs in the construction area of the water stop countermeasure method are associated with the storage unit 70. It is configured so that it can be memorized.

[Analysis target area composite data group creation means]
The analysis target region composite data group creation means 35 adds the geological data at each point of the analysis target region Mb to the data of the extracted three-dimensional landform information of the analysis target region Mb so as to match the three-dimensional landform information. This is a means for creating an analysis target region composite data group by combining the water storage facility position data group and the meteorological data group and storing them in the storage unit 70.

[Division area creation means]
The divided area creating means 36 is a means for creating a divided area that is an FEM analysis target in the analysis target area Mb.
The divided region creating means 36 is configured to make the analysis target region Mb a mesh-like minute region having the same size in the plane direction and the height direction so as to have a predetermined divided region size (or total number of divisions). It is configured so that it can be divided into certain three-dimensional divided areas (mesh), and boundary values of the three-dimensional position coordinates of each divided area can be set and stored in the storage unit 70. (See Figure 5)

[Analysis condition setting means]
The analysis condition setting means 37 is a means for setting analysis conditions (initial conditions, boundary conditions, etc.) for analyzing the water balance by FEM, and through the input means 2 at the request of the analysis condition input request means 24. The analysis condition input on the display 3a is converted into data that can be analyzed, recognized, and stored in the storage unit 70.
The input boundary conditions and initial conditions are the rainfall distribution over time, the boundary water level, the flow boundary (including the impervious boundary), the initial surface water level, and the initial groundwater level in each divided area.

(4) Calculation Unit The calculation unit 40 includes a water balance calculation means 41 and a return on investment index calculation means 42.

[Water balance calculation means]
The water balance calculation means 41 is means for calculating the amount of stored water and the amount of water leakage of the water storage facility D by obtaining the inflow and outflow amounts of surface water and groundwater between the divided areas using FEM.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram that models the concept of the governing equation, schematically showing representative points in the divided areas, surface water flowing on the ground surface GL, ground water flowing below the ground surface GL, and rainfall. The relationship with R etc. is shown.
In this model, the rainfall R reaches the ground surface and flows over the ground surface (hereinafter referred to as “surface water flow”) W, and the groundwater flow that penetrates the ground and flows through the ground (hereinafter referred to as “groundwater flow”). ”) And GW. Furthermore, the groundwater flow GW is a two-dimensional flow (unsaturated groundwater flow) GW1 that flows from the surface water to the groundwater through the pipe element P and flows from the groundwater to the surface water above the groundwater level GWL. Below the groundwater level GWL, it was modeled as a three-dimensional flow (saturated groundwater flow) GW2 in which groundwater penetrates the entire formation of the solid element S.
The water balance calculating means 41 can calculate the water balance by integrating the surface water flow W and the ground water flow GW, and the equation of motion of the surface water flow W and the equation of motion of the ground water flow GW. And a governing equation consisting of a mass conservation equation that considers the exchange of water between surface water and groundwater, so that it can be repeatedly calculated between each divided region using numerical analysis by the finite element method (See FIG. 6).

  As the surface water flow W, a water flow such as a ground surface, a river, and a swamp is considered, and the equation of motion can be Manning's formula for an open channel flow, Chezy formula, or Darcy-Weissach formula, and the like. Then, Manning's equation (a) is used.

On the other hand, the groundwater flow GW is divided into unsaturated groundwater above the groundwater level GWL and saturated groundwater below the groundwater level GWL, and sets separate equations of motion.
In this embodiment, Darcy's equation (b) that the infiltration amount is proportional to the hydraulic conductivity and the potential gradient is used as the ground-downstream motion equation of the saturated portion and the unsaturated portion. Note that the hydraulic conductivity of the unsaturated part is considered as a function of the degree of soil saturation (volumetric water content).

The mass conservation equations (c) and (d) are basically formulated using the Saint-Bennan equation and taking into account the exchange of rainfall R, surface water flow W and groundwater flow GW.
Preservation of mass of surface water Rainfall + [Inflow of surface water on the ground surface-Outflow of surface water on the ground surface] (Net increase of surface water) + [Inflow of surface water into groundwater-Groundwater to surface water Outflow] (net increase in groundwater) = constant (c)

Mass conservation formula of unsaturated groundwater (saturated groundwater) Groundwater recharge + [Inflow from surface water to groundwater-Outflow from surface water to groundwater] (Net increase in surface water) + [Inflow of groundwater in the ground- Groundwater runoff in the ground] (net increase in groundwater) = constant (d)

  The inflow amount WI from the surface water to the groundwater or the outflow amount WO from the groundwater to the surface water is formulated by the equation (e) as the product of the potential difference between the surface water and the groundwater and the inflow / outflow coefficient.

  Then, the water balance calculating means 41 performs numerical analysis using a known FEM (for example, FEM by the Galerkin method which is one of the weighted residual methods) so as to satisfy the boundary condition and the initial condition. When the surface water amount and the groundwater amount between the divided regions are in a predetermined equilibrium state, the values can be determined as the surface water amount W and the groundwater amount GW in the divided regions. ing.

Then, for all the divided areas corresponding to the water storage facility D, the sum of the surface water amount W and the sum of the groundwater outflow amounts (corresponding to the amount of water leakage) can be calculated.
Other calculation results include surface water level, surface water velocity vector, river water level, river flow, groundwater recharge, saturation, and the like.

[Investment effect index calculation means]
The return-on-investment index calculation means 42 performed the water stoppage countermeasure method on the calculation result of the water storage amount of the plurality of cases calculated by the water balance calculation means 41 and the construction cost of the water storage facility D or the surrounding ground of the water storage facility D. In some cases, it is a means for calculating an investment return index from the construction cost.
Various indicators can be calculated as the return-on-investment indicators. For example, as shown in the following formulas (f) and (g), a standard water storage facility D as a reference is constructed (or stopped) In the case of construction (or water stoppage construction) of the amount of water leakage from the water storage facility D in the case of countermeasure construction (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “reference case”) and the water storage facility D for comparison and comparison An index obtained by dividing the amount of water leakage from the water storage facility D (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a “comparison case”) by various construction costs can be used. It is comprised so that can be calculated.

Investment index for investment in water storage facilities = (Comparison case water leakage-Reference case water leakage) x Reference water storage facility construction cost / (Standard case water leakage x Target storage facility construction cost) x 100 (%) (f)
Water stoppage method investment return index = (Comparison case water leakage-Reference case water leakage amount) x Reference case water stoppage construction cost / (Reference case water leakage x Target case water stoppage construction cost) x 100 (%) (g)

(5) Analysis result display unit The analysis result display unit 50 stores the calculation result of the water balance calculated by the water balance calculation means 41 (for example, the calculated surface water or groundwater flow) in the storage unit 70. This is means for causing the output means 3 to display various data, data of predetermined items (topographical map, bird's eye view, formation thickness distribution, etc.) of the three-dimensional terrain information in the analysis target region composite data group, and distribution of the divided regions.
The analysis result display unit 50 is configured to display various data in association with the positional relationship on the output original drawing showing the analysis target area.

(6) Others The apparatus main body 1 includes a control unit 60 for controlling each unit (including the input unit 2 and the output unit 3), and a storage unit 70 for storing analysis target region composite data, calculation results, and the like. It has.

<How to use the water balance calculation device>
The operation of the water balance calculation apparatus T of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

[Outline area input S1]
When the water balance calculation device T is activated, a wide area three-dimensional landform information M as shown in FIG. 2 is displayed on the display 3a, and the general area input request means 21 analyzes the general area for the operator. Prompt for Ma input. When the operator performs an operation for indicating a desired position by the input means 2 on the display 3a, the approximate area Ma is determined by receiving the input signal, and the display 3a is displayed on the display 3a as shown in FIG. Is displayed.

[Water storage facility position input S2]
Subsequently, since the water storage facility condition input requesting means 22 requests the input of the position of the water storage facility D, the operator instructs the desired position by the input means 2 on the approximate area Ma displayed on the display 3a. . Then, the input signal is received and the water storage facility condition setting means 33 recognizes the input three-dimensional position of the water storage facility D as a position on the map data, and the position is displayed on the approximate area Ma ( (See FIG. 4).

[Structure input S3 for water storage facilities, etc.]
Further, since the water storage facility condition input requesting means 22 requests the input of the structural condition and construction cost of the water storage facility D, the operator inputs each data by the input means 2. Then, the input signal is received, and the structure of the input water storage facility D is recognized as data in the analysis target area Mb by the water storage facility condition setting means 33, and the structure is displayed on the approximate area Ma. (See FIG. 4).

  Subsequently, the water stop countermeasure method condition input requesting means 23 includes various water stop countermeasure methods including presence / absence of the water stop method, construction area and improved geological data, construction cost, etc. in the construction area of the water stop countermeasure method. In order to request input of construction conditions, etc., each data is input by the input means 2. Then, the input signal is received, and the structure of the water storage facility D is recognized as data in the analysis target area Mb by the water stoppage countermeasure method condition setting means 34, and the structure is displayed on the approximate area Ma. The

[Analysis Target Area Determination S4]
Then, the basin extraction means 31 extracts all the rivers flowing into the water storage facility D whose position is specified from the three-dimensional landform information M stored in the three-dimensional landform information database 11, and the water storage facility D The region to be analyzed Mb is determined by extracting the region surrounded by the water diversion boundary flowing into the rivers.

  Subsequently, the geological data, the water storage facility condition data, the meteorological data, etc. are combined with the three-dimensional topographic information data of the analysis target region Mb extracted by the analysis target region composite data group creation means 35 operating, A composite data group is created and stored in the storage unit 70.

[Analysis condition input S5]
Subsequently, the divided region creating unit 36 divides the analysis target region Mb into three-dimensional divided regions in the plane direction and the height direction so as to have a predetermined mesh size and total number of divided regions. (See Figure 5)

  Then, in response to a request from the analysis condition input requesting means 24, predetermined initial conditions and boundary conditions (system-specific rainfall distribution R, initial surface water level WL and initial groundwater in each divided area) are displayed on the display 3a via the input means 2. When the position GWL, initial surface water amount, and initial groundwater amount) are input, the values are recognized by the analysis condition setting means 37 and transferred to the water balance calculation unit 41.

[FEM analysis S6 and analysis result display S8]
Then, the water balance calculation means 41 obtains the mutual surface water flow W and groundwater flow GW, the inflow amount WI from the surface water to the groundwater and the outflow amount WO from the groundwater to the surface water by the FEM, While calculating the amount of water storage and the amount of water leakage of the water storage facility D, the operation result of the analysis result display unit 50 displays the result on the display 3a.

[Calculation S7 for water storage facility investment effect indicators and analysis result display S8]
Further, the return-on-investment index calculation means 42 calculates the return-on-investment return on investment index from the water storage amount and leakage amount calculated by the water balance calculation means 41 and the construction cost of the water storage facility D, and the analysis result display unit The result of 50 is displayed on the display 3a.
In addition, when the water stoppage countermeasure construction method is performed, the investment return effect index calculation means 42 calculates the water stoppage construction method investment return effect index from the water storage amount calculated by the water balance calculation means 41 and the construction cost of the water stoppage countermeasure construction method. And the result is displayed on the display 3a by the operation of the analysis result display unit 50.

  At this time, the construction position of the water storage facility D and the structure of the water storage facility D are selected, a series of processes similar to those described above are performed, and the return-on-investment index is calculated, so that the alternatives can be easily compared and evaluated. It becomes possible.

  Thus, according to the present invention, the water balance calculation means 41 calculates the amount of surface water flowing into the water storage facility D and the amount of groundwater recharge, and the water balance of the infiltration amount penetrating downstream of the water storage facility D. By calculating using FEM, it becomes possible to evaluate the water storage function of the target ground for constructing the water storage facility D accurately and easily. Therefore, it is possible to construct an appropriate water storage facility D according to the geology of the analysis target region.

Moreover, since the water balance calculation apparatus T includes the analysis result display unit 50, the analysis result can be visually recognized on the screen and easily determined.

  Moreover, when formulating a rough plan for the water storage facility D, it is possible to easily compare the evaluation of the water storage function and economic efficiency when the same water storage facility D is located in another place or when the specifications are changed. As a result, the suitability of the water storage facility D can be easily and quickly determined.

As mentioned above, although an example about a suitable embodiment was explained about the present invention, the present invention is not restricted to the embodiment concerned, and a design change is possible suitably in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of the present invention.
In particular, the water balance calculation device according to the present invention was used for a water storage facility, but is not limited to this, the layout study of rainwater infiltration facilities, the optimal pumping plan study of groundwater, the prediction of river flow due to heavy rain, It can be used for hydrology in general, such as examining groundwater and spring conservation measures, and evaluating the effects of surface tunneling and groundwater on tunnel construction.
Further, the water storage facility is not limited to a dam, and can be used for various facilities such as a rainwater adjustment pond.

It is a block diagram which shows the water balance calculation apparatus of this invention. It is a figure (plan view) which shows the state where three-dimensional terrain information was displayed on the display. It is a figure (plan view) showing a state where a general area is displayed on a display. It is an area | region (perspective view) which shows the state by which the analysis object area | region was displayed on the display. It is an area | region (cross section) figure which shows the state by which the division area in the analysis object area | region was displayed on the display. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the way of thinking of a governing equation. It is a flowchart which shows a water storage facility evaluation method.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Apparatus main body 2 Input means 3 Output means 10 Database 20 Input request part 30 Analysis data creation part 40 Calculation part 50 Analysis result display part T Water balance calculation apparatus

Claims (5)

An apparatus for calculating the water balance of a water storage facility using a finite element method,
3D terrain data including water system location information;
A ground property data group including geological distribution data, ground characteristic value data corresponding to the geological distribution data, and groundwater system position data, and stored in association with the three-dimensional landform data;
A weather data group including rainfall data stored in association with the three-dimensional terrain data, and a database comprising:
An input request unit that requests input of various conditions ;
Basin extraction means for extracting an upstream basin of the water storage facility and determining an analysis target region from the three-dimensional terrain data in the database;
Analysis target region composite data group creation means for creating an analysis target region composite data group by incorporating the various conditions and a ground property data group of the analysis target region into the extracted three-dimensional topographic data of the analysis target region When,
In the analysis target region, a divided region creating means for creating a plurality of divided regions analyzed by the finite element method,
Under a predetermined initial condition and boundary condition, a water balance is calculated from the inflow water amount and the outflow water amount between the divided regions by the finite element method using the analysis target region composite data group, and the water in the water storage facility is calculated. A water balance calculating means for calculating a balance,
The various conditions include a general area including an evaluation target area, a rough position of the water storage facility, a design condition of the water storage facility, a construction condition of a water stoppage countermeasure method, and an analysis condition.
The basin extraction means divides the evaluation target area into small areas, calculates the inclination direction of the small area and calculates the flow direction of surface water, and the flow direction of the surface water flowing into the small area on the downstream side A water balance calculation apparatus characterized by extracting an analysis target basin by sequentially extracting upstream sub-regions by going back . The water balance calculating means is:
Equation of motion of surface water flow, equation of motion of groundwater flow,
Between each of the divided areas, the amount of rainfall, and the surface water mass conservation formula indicating that the net increase in surface water and the net increase in surrounding ground water between the adjacent divided areas are stored,
Between each of the divided areas, groundwater recharge amount, and a groundwater mass conservation formula indicating that a net increase in groundwater and a net increase in surface water between the adjacent divided areas are stored,
For the governing equation consisting of
The surface water amount and the groundwater amount between the respective divided regions are determined as surface water amount and groundwater amount in each of the divided regions when the surface water amount and the groundwater amount are in a predetermined equilibrium state. The water balance calculation device described. The input request unit is an input request for water stoppage countermeasure method condition data including a construction area of the waterstop countermeasure method constructed in the vicinity of the water storage facility and an improved ground characteristic value data in the construction area of the waterstop countermeasure method. Means,
The analysis target area composite data creation means is configured to be able to create the analysis target area composite data by incorporating the water stop countermeasure method condition data input by the input request means into the analysis target ground. The water balance calculation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein The input request unit is configured to be able to input the construction cost of the water storage facility and the construction cost of the water stoppage construction method,
A return-on-investment index is calculated from the amount of water stored in the water storage facility calculated by the water balance calculation means and at least one of the construction cost of the water storage facility and the construction cost of the water stoppage countermeasure method input by the input request unit. The water balance calculation apparatus according to claim 3 , further comprising a return-on-investment index calculation unit. The water balance calculation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , further comprising an analysis result display means for displaying a calculation result of the water balance calculated by the water balance calculation means.

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