JP4417634B2 - Seamless steel pipe manufacturing method - Google Patents

Seamless steel pipe manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4417634B2
JP4417634B2 JP2003011461A JP2003011461A JP4417634B2 JP 4417634 B2 JP4417634 B2 JP 4417634B2 JP 2003011461 A JP2003011461 A JP 2003011461A JP 2003011461 A JP2003011461 A JP 2003011461A JP 4417634 B2 JP4417634 B2 JP 4417634B2
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tube
rolling
steel pipe
mill
seamless steel
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JP2004223528A (en
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康善 日高
純生 飯田
敏朗 安楽
紘嗣 中池
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、マンネスマンピアサーに代表される穿孔圧延機で製造された中空素管を、プラグミルやマンドレルミル、さらにはアッセルミル、ピルガーミルおよびディシャーミルなどの延伸圧延機により延伸圧延する工程を経る熱間圧延法による継目無鋼管の製造方法に係わり、中でも4.5〜13質量%のCrを含む合金鋼からなる継目無鋼管を製造する場合において、延伸圧延時に使用される内面規制工具であるプラグやマンドレルバーの寿命延長ができるようにした継目無鋼管の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
熱間圧延法による継目無鋼管の製造方法では、前述したように、マンネスマンピアサーに代表される穿孔圧延機で製造された中空素管を、プラグミルやマンドレルミル、さらにはアッセルミル、ピルガーミルおよびディシャーミルなどの延伸圧延機により延伸圧延する。
【0003】
その際に使用される内面規制工具のプラグやマンドレルバーは、長寿命であることが要求される。中でも、Crを含む合金鋼を製管する場合、炭素鋼を製管する場合に比べて寿命が短かくなったり、表面手入れを頻繁におこなう必要があるという問題があり、従来より下記のような種々の寿命延長対策が提案されてきた。
【0004】
(1)Nb添加のSDK61相当工具鋼製のマンドレルバー(特許文献1)。(2)表層がCu、Al、Znまたはこれらの合金の低融点金属の溶融拡散層のSDK6相当鋼製のマンドレルバー(特許文献2)。(3) 表面に酸化スケール層を形成させたプラグ(特許文献3)。
【0005】
しかし、上記(1) は内面規制工具の材質変更であり、新規なプラグやマンドレルバーの作製が必要で製造コストが上昇する。(2) の技術は既存の内面規制工具にも適用できるが、処理に費用がかかり製造コストの上昇を招く。(3) の技術も(2) の技術と同様に既存の内面規制工具にも適用できるが、頻繁なスケール付け処理が必要で費用が嵩み製造コストの上昇を招くという欠点がある。
【0006】
一方、酸化スケールを利用した継目無鋼管の製造方法としては、特許文献4および5に示される方法がある。すなわち、特許文献4に示される方法は、素材ビレットまたは圧延途中の素管の外表面に酸化スケールを積極的に生成させ、管外面に発生する筋疵などの外面欠陥を防止する方法である。また、特許文献5に示される方法は、最終熱処理において酸化スケールを積極的に成長させ、そのうちの外層スケール層のみを除去することによって耐食性と表面性状に優れた酸化スケール層付き製品、言い換えれば黒皮製品を得る方法であり、いずれの技術も内面規制工具の寿命延長は全く意図していない。
【特許文献1】
特開平6−57380号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平6−339709号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2000−192205号公報
【特許文献4】
特開平5−269507号公報
【特許文献5】
特開平10−60538号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記の実状に鑑みてなされたもので、特殊な工具鋼を使用したり、表面に酸化スケール付け処理を施さないで4.5〜13質量%のCrを含む合金鋼を製管する場合においても、延伸圧延に使用する内面規制工具の寿命を飛躍的に長くすることができ、その手入れ回数を減らすことができる継目無鋼管の製造方法を提供すること目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の要旨は、下記の継目無鋼管の製造方法にある。
【0009】
熱間にて穿孔圧延された中空素管を内面規制工具を使用して延伸圧延する工程を経る4.5〜13質量%のCrを含有する継目無鋼管の製造方法であって、前記中空素管の内部に水分を供給して管の内部を水蒸気雰囲気にすることにより管内面にFeOを含有する酸化スケールを成長させた後、潤滑剤を投入することなく、延伸圧延をおこなう継目無鋼管の製造方法。
【0010】
上記本発明の方法においては、管内面にFeOを含有する酸化スケールを成長させた後、中空素管の内部に硼酸系潤滑剤などの潤滑剤(黒鉛を除く。)を投入するのがよい。また、水分の供給は中空素管の内面温度が1100℃以上である間に少なくとも1回おこなって管内の水蒸気濃度を2体積%以上にするのが好ましい。延伸圧延機はマンドレルミル、プラグミル、アッセルミル、ピルガーミルおよびディシャーミルのいずれであってもよい。
【0011】
本発明者らは、上記の課題を達成するために、種々検討した結果、以下のことを知見し、上記の本発明を完成させた。
【0012】
前述したように、延伸圧延には種々の方法があるが、寸法精度および生産性が優れているマンドレルミルによる圧延法が広く利用されているので、まず始めにその一般的な方法について説明する。
【0013】
マンドレルミルよる製造プロセスでは、素材のビレットを約1200℃に加熱した後、穿孔圧延機(ピアサー)で中空素管に成形する。次いで、外面に熱間圧延用潤滑剤が塗布された内面規制工具のマンドレルバーを中空素管の内部に挿入し、この状態でマンドレルミル圧延する。マンドレルミルでの管温度は、一般に、ミル入り口で1050〜1150℃、出口側で800〜1000℃である。
【0014】
マンドレルミル圧延後、マンドレルバーが引き抜かれた管は、一般に仕上げ圧延用素管と呼ばれ、そのまままたは再加熱炉で850〜1100℃に再加熱された後、ストレッチレデューサーなどの仕上げ圧延機により所定の管寸法に仕上げ圧延される。その後、4.5〜13質量%のCrを含む合金鋼からなる鋼管は、900℃以上から焼入れし、次いで700℃近傍で焼戻し処理される。
【0015】
この場合、特に4.5〜13質量%のCrを含む合金鋼を製管する場合にマンドレルバーの寿命が短くなる原因を究明した結果、次のことが判明した。
【0016】
(a) ピアサーで穿孔して得られた中空素管の管内面には酸化スケールがほとんど生成しておらず、通常、30〜40秒のマンドレルミルまでの移動間においても酸化スケールの成長はほとんどなく、その厚さはわずか数μm程度である。これは、4.5〜13質量%のCrを含む合金鋼が耐酸化性に優れるのに加え、中空素管の内部が高温で圧力が高く、大気の流入が実質的にないためである。
【0017】
(b) 上記状態の管内面の酸化スケールは、マンドレルミル圧延によってもほとんど伸ばされることはなく、酸化スケールが割れて露呈した地鉄とマンドレルバー表面が直接接触する。
【0018】
(c) 上記の接触部では、酸化スケールが本来有する断熱効果が発揮されず、マンドレルバーの表面温度が急激に上昇して過酷な熱疲労を受け、マンドレルバー表面に熱疲労亀裂が発生する。
【0019】
(d) また、地鉄の露出部では、圧延抵抗が著しく増加するだけでなく、地鉄とマンドレルバーが焼き付きやすく、マンドレルバー表面が損傷する。
【0020】
以上のことより、マンドレルバー表面の損傷防止には、管内面の酸化スケールを、ある程度の厚みを持ち、延伸圧延時には管母材に追従して容易に伸びる酸化スケールにすればよいと考え、その手段について種々検討した。その結果、以下のことがわかった。
【0021】
(f) 上記30〜40秒の移動間において、中空素管の内部に水分を供給して管内部の雰囲気を水蒸気雰囲気にすると、酸化スケールが急激に成長し、その厚さが水分を供給しない場合の5〜10倍になる。特に、管内面の温度が1100℃以上である間に管内部の水蒸気濃度が2体積%以上になるように水分を供給すると、その効果が大きくなる。このことは、本発明者らがおこなった実験結果の一例を示す図1および図2からも明らかである。
【0022】
図1および図2は、Cr含有量が13質量%のフェライト系ステンレス鋼の丸ビレットから採取した試験片を用いたラボ高温酸化試験の結果を示す図である。具体的には、図1は、水蒸気濃度(体積%)が種々異なる大気雰囲気中で1200℃で3600秒間加熱した場合における水蒸気濃度と酸化速度定数(mg2/cm4・秒)との関係を示している。また、図2は、水蒸気濃度(体積%)が10と0%の大気雰囲気中で加熱温度と加熱時間を種々変えて加熱した場合におけるスケール厚さ(μm)と加熱温度(℃)および酸化時間(秒)との関係を示している。
【0023】
(g) 管の内部に水分を供給しない場合の酸化スケールが地鉄の側から外側に向かって(FeCr)34、Fe34、Fe23の積層構造で、FeOがほとんど存在しないのに対し、水分供給によって厚さが増した酸化スケールは、地鉄の側から外側に向かって(FeCr)34、FeO、Fe34、Fe23の積層構造で、その量はFe23<Fe34<(FeCr)34<FeOの順に多く、FeO量が格段に多い。
【0024】
(h) 上記のFeOは他の酸化鉄と比較して延性に富み、延伸圧延時の管母材への追従性が最も高い。すなわち、FeOが主体のスケール層がマンドレルバーと被圧延管との直接接触を防止することで、マンドレルバーの熱疲労が軽減されると同時に焼き付きも防止される。
【0025】
(j) また、上記のFeOは、圧延時に固形潤滑剤としての役割を果たし、圧延時の摩擦抵抗を下げる。特に、補助潤滑剤として硼酸系の潤滑剤を併用した場合には、厚膜化した酸化スケールと補助潤滑剤中に含まれるB23とが反応してB−Fe系の化合物(主として酸化物)を形成し、これが潤滑効果を一段と向上させる。
【0026】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照して本発明の製造方法について詳細に説明する。
【0027】
図3は、延伸圧延機がマンドレルミルの場合におけるレイアウトの一例を示す平面図である。図3において、回転炉床式の加熱炉1で所定の温度(約1200℃)に加熱されたビレットBは、横送りテーブル2を経てピアサー3に搬送されて中空素管Hに成形され、横送りテーブル4上に移載される。
【0028】
横送りテーブル4上に移載された高温(約1200℃)状態の中空素管Hの管内には、水分供給装置5Aまたは/および5Bにより、管内に水蒸気または水を供給して管内部の水蒸気濃度を高め、管内面のFeOを含有する酸化スケールを成長させる。次いで、必要に応じて、補助潤滑剤塗布装置6により、例えば硼酸系の補助潤滑剤(黒鉛を除く。)が投入され、その内面に補助潤滑剤の被膜を形成させる。
【0029】
管内面の酸化スケールを成長させた中空素管Hは、素管装入装置7aに移載され、その内部にマンドレルバー挿入装置7bによりマンドレルバーMが挿入される。このとき、マンドレルバーMの表面には潤滑剤塗布装置7cにより所定の潤滑剤が塗布される。
【0030】
マンドレルバーMが挿入された中空素管Hは、この状態で素管装入装置7aとマンドレルバー挿入装置7bとにより、マンドレルミル7に噛み込ませられて延伸圧延され、仕上げ圧延用素管に成形される。
【0031】
延伸圧延後の仕上げ圧延用素管から引き抜かれたマンドレルバーは、横送りテーブル8を経てバー循環路9に移載され、バー冷却水槽10を経てマンドレルバー挿入装置7b上に移載され、次の中空素管の延伸圧延に使用される。なお、マンドレルバーMは複数本が循環使用されることは周知のとおりである。
【0032】
前述したように、本発明においては、ピアサー3で穿孔圧延された中空素管Hの内部に水分を供給して管内面のFeOを含有する酸化スケールを成長させた後にマンドレルミル7により延伸圧延をおこなうが、管内に供給する水分は水蒸気または水そのもののいずれであってよい。これは、水そのものを供給した場合でも管内部が高温(約1200℃)であるため瞬時に蒸発して水蒸気になるからである。
【0033】
中空素管の内面温度について:
管内を水蒸気雰囲気にして成長させた酸化スケールは、FeOの量が多いものほどよく、そのための管内面温度としては1100℃以上であることが望ましいが、1100℃よりも低くてもよく、この場合でも管内に水分を供給しない従来法に比べれば効果が得られる(前記の図2参照)。
【0034】
酸化時間について:
酸化時間は長いほどよいが、本発明らがおこなった実機を模擬した試験によれば、酸化開始、言い換えれば管内への水分供給完了時点から15秒程度経過した時点でFeOの生成と酸化スケールの厚膜化が確認され、少なくとも15秒間酸化させれば十分な酸化スケール厚さとFeO量が確保される(前記の図2参照)。
【0035】
管内の水蒸気濃度について:
管内の水蒸気濃度は2体積%以上で上記の効果が大きくなる。その効果は水蒸気濃度が増すほど増大するが、20体積%を超えるとその効果が飽和する傾向がある。このため、管内の水蒸気濃度は2〜20体積%とするのが望ましい(前記の図1参照)。
【0036】
管内への水分供給タイミングと供給方法について:
以上のことから、管内面の酸化スケール成長は、水蒸気濃度が2〜20体積%の水蒸気雰囲気中で、およそ1100℃に15秒間保持すれば十分なスケール改質が可能であり、従来に比べて十分な延命効果が得られるが、さらなる延命効果を得るためにはより高温での長時間保持が望ましい。
【0037】
ここで、マンドレルミル圧延においては、ピアサーで穿孔された直後の中空素管の温度は、通常、1200℃前後で、その後マンドレルミルの入り口に到達するまで、言い換えればその内部にマンドレルバーが挿入されるまでには30〜40秒程度ある。すなわち、マンドレルミル圧延開始の15秒程度前までに管内に水分を供給すれば十分であるが、さらに望ましくはピアサーによる穿孔後、できる限り早い時期に管内に水分を添加することが望ましい。具体的には、図3に示す水分供給装置5Aと5Bのうち、5Aを使用しての水分供給が望ましい。
【0038】
また、管内への水分供給は、水分供給装置5Aによる1回にとどまらず、5Aによる複数回にわけての供給や5Bによる追加供給、さらには、5Aと5Bとの間にも水分供給装置を複数配置し、これらを使用しての断続的な水分供給であってもよく、このような複数回の水分供給の場合には管内の水蒸気濃度を高く維持することができる。
【0039】
さらに、硼酸系などの補助潤滑剤(黒鉛を除く。)を用いる場合も同様で、1100℃で15秒程度酸化させれば十分な改善がある。この場合においても、管内への水分供給は、図3に示す補助潤滑剤塗布装置6による管内への補助潤滑剤(黒鉛を除く。)投入前のできるだけ早い時期におこなうのが望ましい。これは、補助潤滑剤(黒鉛を除く。)投入後に水分供給をおこなっても、FeOを含有する酸化スケールの生成速度は速くならず、潤滑性の向上に寄与する十分な量のB−Fe系の化合物が形成されないからである。
【0040】
硼酸系などの補助潤滑剤(黒鉛を除く。)としては、たとえば、特開2000−42069号公報に記載されているような、硼酸ソーダ70%−金属石鹸30%の潤滑剤を挙げることができる。
【0041】
以上は延伸圧延機がマンドレルミルの場合であるが、発明の方法は、延伸圧延機がプラグミル、アッセルミル、ピルガーミルおよびディシャーミルの場合でも、図3における加熱炉1から延伸圧延機のマンドレルミル7までのレイアウトは基本的に同じであるので、同様に適用できる。
【0042】
【実施例】
表1に示す化学組成を有する4種類の鋼種からなり、外径が191mm、長さが2500mmの丸ビレットを準備する一方、材質がSKD61、外径が160mm、有効長さが12mで、その表面硬さがビッカース硬さで400、その表面に次の酸化スケール付け処理を施したマンドレルバーを準備した。
【0043】
酸化スケール付け条件は、加熱雰囲気:大気中、加熱温度:630℃、加熱時間:20分であり、そのスケール構造は前述した地鉄の側から外側に向かって(FeCr)34、Fe34、Fe23の積層構造、詳細にはFeCr24とFe34とからなる内層スケール層と、Fe34とFe23とからなる外層スケール層の二層構造で、その厚さは7〜10μmである。
【0044】
【表1】

Figure 0004417634
準備した丸ビレットは、回転炉床式の加熱炉に装入して1200〜1250℃の温度範囲で加熱し、マンネスマンピアサーによって外径196mm、肉厚16mm、長さ7500mmの中空素管を製造した。
【0045】
次いで、直ちに中空素管の内部に水噴射ノズルを使用して室温状態の工業用水約200〜300cm3を噴射供給した後、上記のマンドレルバーを使用してマンドレルミル圧延し、外径151mm、肉厚6.25mm、長さ25mの仕上げ圧延用素管を製造した(条件1…本発明例)。なお、噴射供給した水は直ちに蒸発し、管内部は水蒸気濃度が10〜20体積%の酸化性雰囲気となったことをガス分析で確認した。
【0046】
一方、条件2(本発明例)として、上記と同様の工業用水の噴射供給後、マンドレルバー挿入直前の管内部に硼酸系の補助潤滑剤を投入してその被膜を管内面に形成させた以外は条件1と同じ条件でマンドレルミル圧延し、外径151mm、肉厚6.25mm、長さ25mの仕上げ圧延用素管を製造した。
【0047】
条件3(従来例)として、中空素管の内部に水を噴射供給しないこと以外は条件1と同じ条件でマンドレルミル圧延し、外径151mm、肉厚6.25mm、長さ25mの仕上げ圧延用素管を製造した。
【0048】
条件4(従来例)として、中空素管の内部に水を噴射供給しない代わりに硼酸系の補助潤滑剤のみを管内に投入した以外は条件1と同じ条件でマンドレルミル圧延し、外径151mm、肉厚6.25mm、長さ25mの仕上げ圧延用素管を製造した。
【0049】
なお、管内部への水の噴射供給位置は、ピアサーによる穿孔直後とマンドレルミル圧延の15秒前のいずれか一方または両方でおこなった。
【0050】
また、いずれの条件においても、マンドレルバーの表面には黒鉛系の潤滑剤を乾燥固化後の厚さが150μmになるように塗布した。
【0051】
さらに、硼酸系の補助潤滑剤には、硼酸ソーダ70%−金属石鹸30%の潤滑剤を、管の内表面積に対し、150g/m2となるように投入塗布した。
【0052】
評価方法としては、マンドレルバーの「寿命評点比」を次のように定義して評価した。
【0053】
▲1▼まず、それぞれの条件において1圧延毎、すなわちビレットを1本圧延する毎にマンドレルバーの表面観察をおこない、焼き付きや表面亀裂など表面損傷が発生するまでに圧延できたビレット本数をカウントした。
【0054】
▲2▼次に、各鋼種毎に下記の(1) 式によって寿命評点比を算出した。
寿命評点比=n/N ・・・・(1)
n:条件1、2または4で圧延できたビレット本数、
N:条件3で圧延できたビレット本数。
【0055】
以上の評価結果を、表2にまとめて示すとともに、図4には補助潤滑剤を使用しなかった場合の結果、図5に補助潤滑剤を使用しなかった場合の結果を棒グラフにして示した。なお、表2の「水蒸気の添加位置」欄における、「P直後」とはピアサーによる穿孔直後での供給、「M前15秒」とはマンドレルミル圧延の15秒前での供給を意味する。
【0056】
【表2】
Figure 0004417634
表2、図4および図5に示すように、本発明の方法によれば、補助潤滑剤の使用の有無によらず、マンドレルバーの寿命が約2〜3倍にのびることがわかる。
【0057】
水分の供給位置は、ピアサー直後とマンドレルミル圧延の15秒前の両方で供給した場合が最も効果が高く、次いでピアサー直後、マンドレルミル圧延の15秒前の順である。
【0058】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法によれば、ピアサーから延伸圧延機に搬送される間の中空素管の内部に水を投入するという極めて簡単な操作によってマンドレルバーの寿命を飛躍的に延長させることができる。このため、使用中のマンドレルバーにも適用でき、新規なマンドレルバーの製作や頻繁な潤滑剤層としての酸化スケール付けの熱処理を必ずしも必要としないので、工具原単位を低減させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】試験結果の一例を示す図で、水蒸気濃度と酸化速度定数との関係を示す図である。
【図2】試験結果の一例を示す図で、スケール厚さと加熱温度、加熱時間および水蒸気濃度との関係を示す図である。
【図3】本発明の実施態様を説明するための図である。
【図4】実施例の結果を対比して示す図である。
【図5】実施例の結果を対比して示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1:加熱炉、
2、4、8:横送りテーブル、
3:ピアサー、
5A、5B:水分供給装置、
6:補助潤滑剤塗布装置、
7:マンドレルミル、
7a:素管装入装置、
7b:マンドレルバー挿入装置、
7c:潤滑剤塗布装置、
9:バー循環路、
10:バー冷却水槽、
B:ビレット、
H:中空素管、
M:マンドレルバー。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a hot rolling method in which a hollow shell manufactured by a piercing rolling machine represented by Mannesmann Piercer is subjected to a drawing and rolling process using a drawing mill such as a plug mill, a mandrel mill, an assel mill, a pilger mill, and a dish mill. In particular, when manufacturing seamless steel pipes made of alloy steel containing 4.5 to 13% by mass of Cr, plugs and mandrel bars, which are inner surface regulating tools used at the time of drawing and rolling. The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a seamless steel pipe that can extend the service life.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the method of manufacturing seamless steel pipes by the hot rolling method, as described above, a hollow shell manufactured by a piercing and rolling machine represented by Mannesmann Piercer is used for plug mills, mandrel mills, as well as Assel mills, Pilger mills and disher mills. Stretch rolling with a stretching mill.
[0003]
The plug and mandrel bar of the inner surface regulating tool used at that time are required to have a long life. Among them, when making alloy steel containing Cr, there is a problem that the life is shorter than when making carbon steel, or surface care needs to be frequently performed. Various life extension measures have been proposed.
[0004]
(1) Mandrel bar made of tool steel equivalent to SDK61 with Nb added (Patent Document 1). (2) A mandrel bar made of steel equivalent to SDK6, which is a low-melting metal melting layer of Cu, Al, Zn, or an alloy thereof (Patent Document 2). (3) A plug having an oxide scale layer formed on the surface (Patent Document 3).
[0005]
However, (1) above is a change in the material of the inner surface regulating tool, which requires production of a new plug or mandrel bar, which increases the manufacturing cost. The technique (2) can also be applied to existing inner surface regulating tools, but the processing is expensive and the manufacturing cost increases. The technique (3) can be applied to the existing inner surface regulating tool in the same manner as the technique (2), but it has a drawback in that it requires a frequent scaling process and is expensive, resulting in an increase in manufacturing cost.
[0006]
On the other hand, there are methods disclosed in Patent Documents 4 and 5 as a method for producing a seamless steel pipe using an oxide scale. In other words, the method disclosed in Patent Document 4 is a method of actively generating oxide scale on the outer surface of a raw billet or a raw pipe during rolling to prevent external defects such as streaks generated on the outer surface of the pipe. In addition, the method disclosed in Patent Document 5 is a product with an oxide scale layer that is excellent in corrosion resistance and surface properties by actively growing an oxide scale in the final heat treatment and removing only the outer scale layer, in other words, black. It is a method for obtaining a leather product, and neither technology is intended to extend the life of the inner surface regulating tool at all.
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-57380 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-6-339709 [Patent Document 3]
JP 2000-192205 A [Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-269507 [Patent Document 5]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-60538
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and made of alloy steel containing 4.5 to 13% by mass of Cr without using special tool steel or subjecting the surface to oxidative scaling. Even in this case, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a seamless steel pipe that can dramatically increase the life of the inner surface regulating tool used for the drawing rolling and reduce the number of times of maintenance.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention resides in the following method for producing a seamless steel pipe.
[0009]
A method for producing a seamless steel pipe containing 4.5 to 13% by mass of Cr, which is subjected to a step of drawing and rolling a hollow shell that has been pierced and rolled hot using an inner surface regulating tool, A seamless steel pipe that is subjected to stretch rolling without supplying a lubricant after growing an oxide scale containing FeO on the inner surface of the pipe by supplying moisture to the inside of the pipe and making the inside of the pipe a water vapor atmosphere. Production method.
[0010]
In the method of the present invention, after growing an oxide scale containing FeO in the tube surface, (excluding graphite.) Lubricants such as boric acid-based lubricant to the inside of the hollow shell is good you put . Further, it is preferable that the water supply is performed at least once while the inner surface temperature of the hollow shell is 1100 ° C. or higher so that the water vapor concentration in the pipe is 2% by volume or higher . Extending Shin mill mandrel mill, plug mill, Assel mill may be either a pilger mill and Dishamiru.
[0011]
As a result of various studies to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found the following and completed the above-described present invention.
[0012]
As described above, there are various methods for drawing and rolling, but since a rolling method using a mandrel mill having excellent dimensional accuracy and productivity is widely used, the general method will be described first.
[0013]
In the manufacturing process using a mandrel mill, a billet of a material is heated to about 1200 ° C. and then formed into a hollow shell by a piercing and rolling mill (piercer). Next, a mandrel bar of an inner surface regulating tool having an outer surface coated with a hot rolling lubricant is inserted into the hollow shell, and in this state, mandrel mill rolling is performed. The tube temperature in the mandrel mill is generally from 1050 to 1150 ° C. at the mill entrance and from 800 to 1000 ° C. at the exit side.
[0014]
After the mandrel mill rolling, the tube from which the mandrel bar is drawn is generally called a finish rolling raw tube, and after being reheated to 850 to 1100 ° C. as it is or in a reheating furnace, it is predetermined by a finish rolling machine such as a stretch reducer. Finished and rolled to a tube size of Then, the steel pipe which consists of alloy steel containing 4.5-13 mass% Cr is quenched from 900 degreeC or more, and then tempered at about 700 degreeC .
[0015]
In this case, as a result of investigating the cause of shortening the life of the mandrel bar, particularly when an alloy steel containing 4.5 to 13% by mass of Cr is manufactured, the following has been found.
[0016]
(A) There is almost no oxide scale formed on the inner surface of the hollow shell obtained by piercing with Piercer, and usually there is almost no oxide scale growth during the movement to the mandrel mill for 30 to 40 seconds. The thickness is only about several μm. This is because alloy steel containing 4.5 to 13% by mass of Cr is excellent in oxidation resistance, and the inside of the hollow shell is high in temperature and high in pressure, so that there is substantially no inflow of air.
[0017]
(b) The oxidized scale on the inner surface of the tube in the above state is hardly stretched even by mandrel mill rolling, and the exposed iron and the mandrel bar surface are in direct contact with the oxidized scale.
[0018]
(c) In the above contact portion, the heat insulating effect inherent to the oxide scale is not exhibited, the surface temperature of the mandrel bar rapidly rises and undergoes severe thermal fatigue, and thermal fatigue cracks are generated on the mandrel bar surface.
[0019]
(d) In addition, in the exposed portion of the base iron, not only the rolling resistance is remarkably increased, but the base iron and the mandrel bar are easily seized, and the mandrel bar surface is damaged.
[0020]
From the above, in order to prevent damage to the mandrel bar surface, the oxide scale on the inner surface of the tube should have a certain thickness, and it should be an oxide scale that stretches easily following the tube base material during drawing and rolling. Various means were examined. As a result, the following was found.
[0021]
(f) During the period of 30 to 40 seconds, when moisture is supplied into the hollow shell and the atmosphere inside the tube is changed to a steam atmosphere, the oxide scale grows rapidly and the thickness does not supply moisture. 5 to 10 times the case. In particular, when moisture is supplied so that the water vapor concentration inside the tube becomes 2% by volume or more while the temperature of the tube inner surface is 1100 ° C. or more, the effect is increased. This is also apparent from FIGS. 1 and 2, which show an example of experimental results conducted by the present inventors.
[0022]
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are diagrams showing the results of a laboratory high-temperature oxidation test using test pieces taken from a round billet of ferritic stainless steel having a Cr content of 13 mass%. Specifically, FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the water vapor concentration and the oxidation rate constant (mg 2 / cm 4 · sec) when heated at 1200 ° C. for 3600 seconds in air atmospheres with different water vapor concentrations (volume%). Show. FIG. 2 shows the scale thickness (μm), the heating temperature (° C.), and the oxidation time when the heating temperature and the heating time are variously changed in an air atmosphere having a water vapor concentration (volume%) of 10 and 0%. (Seconds).
[0023]
(g) Oxide scale when water is not supplied to the inside of the tube is a laminated structure of (FeCr) 3 O 4 , Fe 3 O 4 , and Fe 2 O 3 from the side of the ground iron to the outside, and FeO is almost present On the other hand, the oxide scale whose thickness is increased by supplying water is a laminated structure of (FeCr) 3 O 4 , FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , and Fe 2 O 3 from the base iron side to the outside. The amount is large in the order of Fe 2 O 3 <Fe 3 O 4 <(FeCr) 3 O 4 <FeO, and the amount of FeO is remarkably large.
[0024]
(h) The above-mentioned FeO is rich in ductility compared with other iron oxides, and has the highest followability to the pipe base material during drawing and rolling. That is, since the scale layer mainly composed of FeO prevents direct contact between the mandrel bar and the rolled tube, thermal fatigue of the mandrel bar is reduced and seizure is also prevented.
[0025]
(j) Further, the above FeO serves as a solid lubricant during rolling, and lowers the frictional resistance during rolling. In particular, when a boric acid-based lubricant is used in combination as an auxiliary lubricant, the thickened oxide scale reacts with B 2 O 3 contained in the auxiliary lubricant to react with a B—Fe-based compound (mainly oxidized). This improves the lubrication effect further.
[0026]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0027]
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an example of a layout when the drawing mill is a mandrel mill. In FIG. 3, billet B heated to a predetermined temperature (about 1200 ° C.) in a rotary hearth type heating furnace 1 is conveyed to a piercer 3 through a transverse feed table 2 and formed into a hollow shell H. It is transferred onto the feed table 4.
[0028]
In the pipe of the hollow shell H in a high temperature (about 1200 ° C.) state transferred on the transverse feed table 4, steam or water is supplied into the pipe by the water supply device 5 </ b> A or / and 5 </ b> B, and the steam inside the pipe is supplied. The concentration is increased and an oxide scale containing FeO on the inner surface of the tube is grown. Next, if necessary, for example, a boric acid-based auxiliary lubricant (excluding graphite) is introduced by the auxiliary lubricant application device 6 to form a film of the auxiliary lubricant on the inner surface thereof.
[0029]
The hollow shell H on which the oxidized scale on the inner surface of the tube has been grown is transferred to the raw tube charging device 7a, and the mandrel bar M is inserted therein by the mandrel bar inserting device 7b. At this time, a predetermined lubricant is applied to the surface of the mandrel bar M by the lubricant applying device 7c.
[0030]
In this state, the hollow shell H into which the mandrel bar M is inserted is stretched and rolled into the mandrel mill 7 by the blank tube insertion device 7a and the mandrel bar insertion device 7b. Molded.
[0031]
The mandrel bar pulled out from the blank for finishing rolling after drawing and rolling is transferred to the bar circulation path 9 through the transverse feed table 8, transferred to the mandrel bar insertion device 7b through the bar cooling water tank 10, and next. It is used for drawing and rolling hollow hollow tubes. As is well known, a plurality of mandrel bars M are used in circulation.
[0032]
As described above, in the present invention, moisture is supplied to the inside of the hollow shell H that has been pierced and rolled by the piercer 3 to grow an oxide scale containing FeO on the inner surface of the pipe, and then stretched and rolled by the mandrel mill 7. However, the moisture supplied into the tube may be either water vapor or water itself. This is because even when water itself is supplied, the inside of the tube is at a high temperature (about 1200 ° C.), and thus instantly evaporates to become water vapor.
[0033]
About the inner surface temperature of hollow shell:
The larger the amount of FeO, the better the oxide scale grown in a steam atmosphere in the tube, and the tube inner surface temperature for that is preferably 1100 ° C. or higher, but may be lower than 1100 ° C. In this case However, an effect is obtained as compared with the conventional method in which moisture is not supplied into the tube (see FIG. 2 above).
[0034]
About oxidation time:
The longer the oxidation time, the better. However, according to a test simulating an actual machine performed by the present inventors, the generation of FeO and the oxidation scale of the oxidation scale were started at about 15 seconds after the start of oxidation, in other words, after the completion of water supply into the tube. When the film thickness is confirmed and the film is oxidized for at least 15 seconds, a sufficient oxide scale thickness and FeO amount are secured (see FIG. 2 above).
[0035]
About water vapor concentration in the tube:
The above-mentioned effect becomes large when the water vapor concentration in the tube is 2% by volume or more. The effect increases as the water vapor concentration increases, but when it exceeds 20% by volume, the effect tends to be saturated. For this reason, it is desirable that the water vapor concentration in the pipe be 2 to 20% by volume (see FIG. 1 above).
[0036]
About the timing and method of supplying moisture to the tube:
From the above, the oxide scale growth on the inner surface of the tube can be sufficiently scale-modified if it is kept at approximately 1100 ° C. for 15 seconds in a steam atmosphere having a steam concentration of 2 to 20% by volume. A sufficient life-prolonging effect can be obtained, but it is desirable to hold at a higher temperature for a long time in order to obtain a further life-prolonging effect.
[0037]
Here, in the mandrel mill rolling, the temperature of the hollow shell tube immediately after being pierced by the piercer is usually around 1200 ° C., and then until reaching the entrance of the mandrel mill, in other words, a mandrel bar is inserted therein. It takes about 30 to 40 seconds. That is, it is sufficient to supply moisture into the tube by about 15 seconds before the start of mandrel mill rolling, but it is more desirable to add moisture to the tube as early as possible after piercing by the piercer. Specifically, water supply using 5A is desirable among the water supply devices 5A and 5B shown in FIG.
[0038]
In addition, the water supply into the tube is not limited to one time by the water supply device 5A, the supply is divided into multiple times by 5A, the additional supply by 5B, and the water supply device is also provided between 5A and 5B. A plurality of them may be used, and intermittent moisture supply using these may be used. In the case of such multiple times of water supply, the water vapor concentration in the pipe can be kept high.
[0039]
Further, when an auxiliary lubricant such as boric acid (excluding graphite) is used, oxidation is performed at 1100 ° C. for about 15 seconds. Even in this case, it is desirable to supply the moisture into the pipe as early as possible before the auxiliary lubricant (excluding graphite) is introduced into the pipe by the auxiliary lubricant application device 6 shown in FIG. This is because even if water is supplied after the auxiliary lubricant (excluding graphite) is supplied, the generation rate of the oxide scale containing FeO does not increase, and a sufficient amount of B-Fe system that contributes to the improvement of lubricity This is because the above compound is not formed.
[0040]
As an auxiliary lubricant such as boric acid (excluding graphite) , for example, a lubricant of 70% sodium borate-30% metal soap as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-42069 can be exemplified. .
[0041]
The above is the case where the stretching mill is a mandrel mill. However, the method of the invention can be applied from the heating furnace 1 in FIG. 3 to the mandrel mill 7 of the stretching mill even when the stretching mill is a plug mill, an Assel mill, a Pilger mill, or a dish mill. because the layout is basically the same, Ru can be similarly applied.
[0042]
【Example】
It consists of four types of steel having the chemical composition shown in Table 1, and a round billet having an outer diameter of 191 mm and a length of 2500 mm is prepared, while the material is SKD61, the outer diameter is 160 mm, and the effective length is 12 m. A mandrel bar having a Vickers hardness of 400 and a surface subjected to the following oxide scale treatment was prepared.
[0043]
Oxidation scaling conditions are heating atmosphere: air, heating temperature: 630 ° C., heating time: 20 minutes, and the scale structure is (FeCr) 3 O 4 , Fe 3 from the above-mentioned base iron side to the outside. Laminated structure of O 4 and Fe 2 O 3 , specifically, a two-layer structure of an inner scale layer made of FeCr 2 O 4 and Fe 3 O 4 and an outer scale layer made of Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 2 O 3 And the thickness is 7-10 micrometers.
[0044]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004417634
The prepared round billet was charged in a rotary hearth-type heating furnace and heated in a temperature range of 1200 to 1250 ° C., and a hollow shell tube having an outer diameter of 196 mm, a wall thickness of 16 mm, and a length of 7500 mm was manufactured by Mannesmann Piercer. .
[0045]
Next, about 200 to 300 cm 3 of industrial water at room temperature is immediately injected and supplied into the hollow shell using a water injection nozzle, and then mandrel mill rolling is performed using the mandrel bar, the outer diameter is 151 mm, the meat A blank for finishing rolling with a thickness of 6.25 mm and a length of 25 m was produced (Condition 1... Example of the present invention). In addition, it was confirmed by gas analysis that the sprayed water immediately evaporated and the inside of the tube became an oxidizing atmosphere having a water vapor concentration of 10 to 20% by volume.
[0046]
On the other hand, as condition 2 (example of the present invention), after supplying industrial water similar to the above, boric acid-based auxiliary lubricant was introduced into the tube immediately before the insertion of the mandrel bar, and the coating was formed on the inner surface of the tube Was mandrel mill-rolled under the same conditions as in condition 1 to produce an element tube for finish rolling having an outer diameter of 151 mm, a wall thickness of 6.25 mm, and a length of 25 m.
[0047]
As condition 3 (conventional example), mandrel mill rolling is performed under the same conditions as condition 1 except that water is not supplied and injected into the hollow shell, and for finish rolling with an outer diameter of 151 mm, a wall thickness of 6.25 mm, and a length of 25 m. A blank tube was manufactured.
[0048]
As condition 4 (conventional example), mandrel mill rolling was performed under the same conditions as condition 1 except that only boric acid-based auxiliary lubricant was charged into the pipe instead of supplying water into the hollow shell, and the outer diameter was 151 mm. A blank for finishing rolling having a thickness of 6.25 mm and a length of 25 m was manufactured.
[0049]
In addition, the water injection supply position to the inside of the pipe was performed either immediately after piercing by the piercer or at least one of both before mandrel mill rolling.
[0050]
Under any condition, the surface of the mandrel bar was coated with a graphite-based lubricant so that the thickness after drying and solidification was 150 μm.
[0051]
Further, as a boric acid-based auxiliary lubricant, a lubricant of 70% sodium borate-30% metal soap was charged and applied so as to be 150 g / m 2 with respect to the inner surface area of the tube.
[0052]
As an evaluation method, the “life rating ratio” of the mandrel bar was defined and evaluated as follows.
[0053]
(1) First, the surface of the mandrel bar was observed for each rolling under each condition, that is, each time one billet was rolled, and the number of billets that could be rolled until surface damage such as seizure or surface cracking occurred was counted. .
[0054]
(2) Next, the life rating ratio was calculated for each steel type by the following equation (1).
Life rating ratio = n / N (1)
n: number of billets that could be rolled under conditions 1, 2 or 4;
N: The number of billets that could be rolled under condition 3.
[0055]
The above evaluation results are summarized in Table 2, and FIG. 4 is a bar graph showing the results when no auxiliary lubricant was used and FIG. 5 was the results when no auxiliary lubricant was used. . In the “water vapor addition position” column of Table 2, “immediately after P” means supply immediately after piercing by piercer, and “15 seconds before M” means supply 15 seconds before mandrel mill rolling.
[0056]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004417634
As shown in Table 2, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, it can be seen that according to the method of the present invention, the life of the mandrel bar is extended by about 2 to 3 times regardless of whether or not the auxiliary lubricant is used.
[0057]
The moisture supply position is most effective when it is supplied both immediately after the piercer and 15 seconds before the mandrel mill rolling, and then in the order immediately after the piercer and 15 seconds before the mandrel mill rolling.
[0058]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, the life of the mandrel bar can be dramatically extended by an extremely simple operation of introducing water into the hollow shell while being transferred from the piercer to the drawing mill. For this reason, it can be applied to a mandrel bar in use, and it does not necessarily require the manufacture of a new mandrel bar or the frequent heat treatment of oxidation scale as a lubricant layer, so that the tool basic unit can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a test result, showing a relationship between a water vapor concentration and an oxidation rate constant.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a test result, and is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a scale thickness, a heating temperature, a heating time, and a water vapor concentration.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of Examples in comparison.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of Examples in comparison.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: heating furnace,
2, 4, 8: Horizontal feed table,
3: Piercer,
5A, 5B: moisture supply device,
6: Auxiliary lubricant application device,
7: Mandrel mill,
7a: Raw tube charging device,
7b: mandrel bar insertion device,
7c: lubricant application device,
9: Bar circuit,
10: Bar cooling water tank,
B: Billet
H: hollow shell,
M: Mandrel bar.

Claims (5)

熱間にて穿孔圧延された中空素管を内面規制工具を使用して延伸圧延する工程を経る4.5〜13質量%のCrを含有する継目無鋼管の製造方法であって、前記中空素管の内部に水分を供給して管の内部を水蒸気雰囲気にすることにより管内面にFeOを含有する酸化スケールを成長させた後、潤滑剤を投入することなく、延伸圧延をおこなうことを特徴とする継目無鋼管の製造方法。A method for producing a seamless steel pipe containing 4.5 to 13% by mass of Cr, which is subjected to a step of drawing and rolling a hollow shell that has been pierced and rolled hot using an inner surface regulating tool, It is characterized in that after supplying moisture to the inside of the tube and making the inside of the tube into a water vapor atmosphere, an oxide scale containing FeO is grown on the inner surface of the tube , and then stretch rolling is performed without adding a lubricant. To produce seamless steel pipe. 熱間にて穿孔圧延された中空素管を内面規制工具を使用して延伸圧延する工程を経る4.5〜13質量%のCrを含有する継目無鋼管の製造方法であって、前記中空素管の内部に水分を供給して管の内部を水蒸気雰囲気にすることにより管内面にFeOを含有する酸化スケールを成長させた後、中空素管の内部に潤滑剤(黒鉛を除く。)を投入することを特徴とする継目無鋼管の製造方法。 A method for producing a seamless steel pipe containing 4.5 to 13% by mass of Cr, which is subjected to a step of drawing and rolling a hollow shell that has been pierced and rolled hot using an inner surface regulating tool, After supplying moisture to the inside of the tube and making the inside of the tube into a steam atmosphere, an oxide scale containing FeO is grown on the inner surface of the tube, and then a lubricant (excluding graphite) is put inside the hollow shell . method of manufacturing a welt steel pipe shall be the feature and to Turkey. 潤滑剤が硼酸系潤滑剤であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の継目無鋼管の製造方法。  The method for producing a seamless steel pipe according to claim 2, wherein the lubricant is a boric acid-based lubricant. 前記水分の供給を、中空素管の内面温度が1100℃以上である間に少なくとも1回おこなって管内の水蒸気濃度を2体積%以上にすることを特徴とする請求項1から3までのいずれかに記載の継目無鋼管の製造方法。4. The water supply is performed at least once while the inner surface temperature of the hollow shell is 1100 [deg.] C. or higher so that the water vapor concentration in the pipe is 2% by volume or higher . A method for producing a seamless steel pipe according to 1. 延伸圧延機がマンドレルミルであることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の継目無鋼管の製造方法。The method for producing a seamless steel pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the drawing and rolling mill is a mandrel mill.
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WO2005123289A1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2005-12-29 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Process for producing seamless steel pipe
CN100493746C (en) * 2004-07-20 2009-06-03 住友金属工业株式会社 Thermal processing method of Cr-containing steel
JP6881165B2 (en) * 2017-09-04 2021-06-02 日本製鉄株式会社 Manufacturing method of seamless steel pipe

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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KR20190063072A (en) * 2017-11-29 2019-06-07 국제희토류금속 주식회사 manufacturing method for multi layers seamless tube
KR102024350B1 (en) * 2017-11-29 2019-09-23 국제희토류금속 주식회사 manufacturing method for multi layers seamless tube

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