JP4415165B2 - Diver intercom - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001]
The present invention relates to a diver's interphone that has improved frequency characteristics and improved clarity, and is particularly characterized by a total frequency characteristic of a microphone and an amplifier.
[Prior art]
[0002]
There are many types of microphone frequency characteristics depending on the structure and performance of the microphone, and they are selected according to the application and price. There are so many types of amplifiers that are used depending on the application and price. In many cases, the frequency characteristics of the microphone and the frequency characteristics of the amplifier are selected and used, each having characteristics required for an interphone. When the microphone and the amplifier do not have the frequency characteristics required for the interphone, the filters are inserted so that the frequency characteristics of the microphone and the amplifier respectively match the frequency characteristics of the interphone.
[0003]
An intercom for the purpose of talking and monitoring between an underwater or underwater diver and an on-board or land-based operator has a microphone / speaker with the same configuration as the microphone of the diver and one speaker located near the mouth. And another one is placed near the earpiece and used as a speaker. The microphone / speaker for a diver has a structure that can withstand a pressure that is not comparable to that in the air, and thus the housing is made robust. The main structure of a microphone or speaker consists of a voice coil and a diaphragm, which converts air vibrations into electrical signals and converts electrical signals into air vibrations by the vibrations of the diaphragms. The cum-speaker is firmly constructed so that the diaphragm is resistant to water pressure with a watertight structure on the magnetic circuit side of the diaphragm. Since the vibration energy of the diaphragm is inversely proportional to the frequency and the amplitude, the lower the frequency, the worse the conversion efficiency from the electric signal to the air vibration and the conversion efficiency from the air vibration to the electric signal, and the low frequency characteristics are attenuated.
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
[0004]
Microphones and amplifiers with good frequency characteristics have a complicated structure and are expensive. When using a microphone / speaker with poor frequency characteristics due to its robust structure, such as a microphone / speaker for a diver, a filter is used to satisfy the frequency characteristics required for an interphone. The signal level decreases by the amount of attenuation.
The diver's intercom is necessary to constantly check the diving worker's condition by monitoring the diving worker's breathing sound, but the breathing sound is much louder than the normal volume, and voice is necessary for the call. If the sound level is too high, the breathing sound is greatly loud. This breathing sound is mixed with the sound of bubbles generated by the exhaust, and an irritating sound is added to lower the clarity.
[Means for Solving the Problems]
[0005]
The diver's interphone according to the present invention is the diver's microphone and the amplifier which are inputted from the diver's microphone, amplified by an amplifier installed on the ship or on the ground, and output from the ship's or ground speaker. Have different frequency characteristics, the overall frequency characteristics when output from the speaker through the amplifier from the submarine microphone through the amplifier are almost flat frequency characteristics from 200 Hz to 3000 Hz, and lower or higher frequency range than the voice band It is characterized by attenuating the breathing sound of divers present in the water and the sound of bubbles generated during exhaust . Thus, since the total frequency characteristic when outputting from the diver's microphone through the amplifier from the shipboard or ground speaker has a substantially flat frequency characteristic from 200 Hz to 3000 Hz, the voice band of the interphone is transmitted at a flat frequency, In addition, the breathing sound existing in the lower or higher sound range than the voice band and the sound generated by bubbles generated during exhaust are attenuated. As a result, the intelligibility of the call is improved and the call can be performed smoothly.
[0006]
The intercom for divers according to the present invention is characterized in that the frequency characteristic of the amplifier has a peak between about 300 Hz and 600 Hz, and has an attenuation characteristic of 10 dB or more per octave at a frequency lower and higher than the peak frequency . As a result, the diver's intercom according to the present invention almost coincides with the human voice band, so that the intelligibility of the call is improved and the call can be made smoothly.
[0007]
The diver's interphone of the present invention has a microphone that attenuates 6 dB or more per octave at a frequency lower than the peak at a peak around 1500 Hz, and a low frequency from a frequency that has a peak between 300 Hz and 600 Hz and a response that is 3 dB lower than the peak frequency. It consists of an amplifier having a frequency characteristic that attenuates at a frequency of 12 dB or more per octave. A microphone and an amplifier having such frequency characteristics are relatively inexpensive, and when this microphone and the amplifier are combined, high performance can be obtained in clarity.
[0008]
The diver's interphone of the present invention has a frequency characteristic in which the microphone has a low attenuation up to several kHz at a frequency higher than the peak, and the amplifier has a frequency characteristic in which the amplifier attenuates at 10 dB per octave at a frequency higher than the peak. This can improve the overall characteristics of the microphone and the amplifier.
[0009]
Furthermore, the microphone and the speaker of the present invention are configured as a microphone and speaker. As a result, the same microphone and speaker can be used. Also, the intercom of the present invention can be configured for divers.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0010]
The diver's interphone of the present invention has a frequency characteristic in which the total frequency characteristic from 200 Hz to 3000 Hz is substantially flat using a microphone and an amplifier having different frequency characteristics. Human speech is mostly composed of two frequency bands of 200 to 1000 Hz and 600 to 3500 Hz, and the average energy for the frequency of speech is concentrated 60% below 500 Hz and 7% above 1500 Hz. However, the intelligibility decreases by 62% when the frequency components of 1500 Hz or higher are removed, but the intelligibility hardly changes even if the frequency components of 500 Hz or lower are removed. Since the frequency characteristics of the interphone are matched with such human voice characteristics, breathing sounds and bubbles generated during exhausting are attenuated to improve the intelligibility of the call and make the call smooth.
[0011]
(Example 1)
FIG. 1 shows a diving intercom according to the present invention, in which a first microphone 1 is connected to a monitor speaker 3 via an amplifier 2, and a speaker 4 and a second microphone 5 are connected to an amplifier 2. The amplifier 2 includes a power switch 6, a second microphone volume adjustment knob 7, and a first microphone volume adjustment knob 8. When the power switch 6 is operated from the “OFF” state to the “ON 1” state, broadcasting from the second microphone 5 to the monitor speaker 3 can be performed. Here, when the talk switch 9 of the first microphone 1 is turned on, broadcasting can be performed only from the first microphone 1 to the speaker 4 and not to the monitor speaker 3. Next, when the power switch 6 is operated to “ON 2”, broadcasting is performed from the second microphone 5 to the monitor speaker 3. Here, when the talk switch 9 of the first microphone 1 is turned on, broadcasting from the first microphone 1 to the monitor speaker 3 and the speaker 4 can be performed.
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 2, the frequency characteristic of the second microphone has an attenuation characteristic of 6 dB to 10 dB per octave on the frequency side lower than the peak with a frequency around 1500 Hz as a peak, and is attenuated to several kHz on the frequency side higher than the peak. Has few characteristics. As shown in FIG. 3, the amplifier 2 has a frequency characteristic that has a peak between 300 to 600 Hz, attenuates at a frequency of 12 dB or more and 20 dB or less per octave on the low frequency side of the frequency that is 3 dB lower than the peak frequency, and 3 dB from the peak frequency. On the high frequency side of the decreasing frequency, it has a frequency characteristic that attenuates at 10 dB or more and 20 dB or less per octave. The combined frequency characteristics of the microphone frequency characteristics and the amplifier frequency characteristics shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are trapezoidal characteristics having a substantially flat characteristic between 200 and 3000 Hz, as shown by a thick solid line in FIG. . The dotted line in FIG. 4 shows the frequency characteristic of the microphone, and the thin solid line shows the frequency characteristic of the amplifier.
[0013]
Human voices, in particular vowels a, i, u, d, and o, are each composed of two frequency bands (200 to 1000 Hz and 600 to 3500 Hz) as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the average energy with respect to the frequency of the voice is about 60% in the frequency band below 500 Hz and about 7% in the frequency band above 1500 Hz for both the male voice and female voice. However, the intelligibility decreases by 62% when the frequency band of 1500 Hz or higher is removed, but the intelligibility hardly changes even if the frequency band of 500 Hz or lower is removed.
Since the intercom for divers of the present invention matches the above-mentioned total frequency characteristics with the components of human voice, an interphone with good volume and clarity can be obtained.
[0014]
(Example 2)
Since the basic configuration of the diver's intercom is the same as that shown in FIG. 1, it will be described with reference to FIG. An amplifier 12 is installed on the ship or on land, and the ship or land microphone 11 and the monitor speaker 13 are connected to the ship side or the land side. An underwater speaker 14 and an underwater microphone 15 are connected to the underwater (underwater) side. The amplifier 12 is provided with a power switch 16, a diver's volume control knob 17, and a ship or land microphone volume control knob 18.
[0015]
The underwater speaker 14 and the underwater microphone have the same structure and are configured as a microphone and speaker as shown in FIG. The magnetic circuit 71 of the microphone / speaker is configured as an outer magnet type by a yoke 72 formed of a material having high permeability such as iron and a ring-shaped magnet 73, and a plate 74 is fixed on the ring-shaped magnet 73, and the yoke A magnetic cap is formed between the central pole 72 and the plate 74. The outer periphery of the magnetic circuit is covered with a metal casing 75 such as iron or aluminum having a highly airtight structure. The upper end of the voice coil 76 inserted into the magnetic gap has a flexible vibration conduction at the center of a vibrating membrane 78 made of a synthetic resin such as ABS, the entire outer periphery of which is fixed around the upper portion of the housing 75 via a flexible waterproof material 77. They are connected via a material 79. As the flexible waterproof material 77 and the flexible vibration conducting material 79, a material having a waterproof property such as silicon rubber that can be adjusted is used. The entire outer peripheral portion of the vibration film 78 is fixed to the upper periphery of the casing 75 with a flexible waterproof material 77, whereby the interior of the casing 75 is configured in a watertight structure.
[0016]
The microphone / speaker shown in FIG. 7 is mounted in the left and right hollow convex portions near the mouth mask (not shown) covering the eyes, nose and mouth, and is mounted near the fixed band near the ear. Used as a microphone and speaker. An amplifier 12 and two microphone / speaker cords 10 are bundled together inside or outside an air hose to be sent from a ship or from land to a diver to connect the water and the water. The air hose is used as a breathing air after decompression by divers who work underwater by sending compressed air from the ship or from the land.
[0017]
This intercom can broadcast from the underwater microphone 15 to the monitor speaker 13 when the power switch 16 of the amplifier 12 is operated from the “OFF” state to the “ON 1” state. Here, when the operator turns on the talk switch 19 of the land microphone 11 on the ship or on the land side, the broadcast can be performed only from the land or ship microphone 11 to the underwater speaker 14, but not to the monitor speaker 13. Next, when the power switch 16 is operated to “ON 2”, the diver can broadcast from the underwater microphone 15 to the monitor speaker 13. When the operator turns on the talk switch 19 of the land microphone 11, broadcasting can be performed from the land or onboard microphone 11 to the monitor speaker 13 and the underwater speaker 14.
[0018]
As shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 8 for details of the amplifier 12, the land microphone 11 is connected to the amplifier 21 via a variable resistor 18a coupled to the land microphone volume adjustment knob 18. Since the microphone 11 can use a normal high-performance microphone, its frequency characteristic is very good and is almost flat in the audio frequency band. The amplifier 21 also has a substantially flat frequency characteristic in the voice band. The output of the amplifier 21 is applied to the amplifier 25 through a band-pass filter 22 and resistors 23 and 24, and is connected to the monitor speaker 13 via a monitor speaker / underwater speaker switching relay switch 26 and a monitor speaker on / off relay switch 27. The underwater speaker 14 and the underwater microphone 15 are connected via a transformer 28 via a relay relay 29 for switching between the underwater microphone and the underwater speaker. The underwater speaker 14 and the underwater microphone 15 are switched by a relay switch 29 for switching between the underwater speaker and the underwater microphone, and are connected to an amplifier 31 through a transformer 30 and a variable resistor 17a coupled to a diving sound volume adjusting knob 17. . The output of the amplifier 31 is applied to the amplifier 25 through a band pass filter 32 and resistors 33 and 34. A relay switch 41 is inserted between the outputs of the bandpass filters 22 and 32 and the amplifier 25 to ground and remove noise when the on-shore or onboard microphone 11 or the underwater microphone 15 is not used.
[0019]
The underwater speaker 14 and the underwater microphone 15 are configured as a microphone / speaker as described above, and the frequency characteristics of the microphone 15 are 6 dB or more per octave on the frequency side lower than the peak with a frequency around 1500 Hz as shown in FIG. It shows an attenuation characteristic of 10 dB or less, and has a characteristic with little attenuation up to several kHz on the frequency side higher than the peak. Further, the frequency characteristic when the signal passes through the amplifier 31 and the band pass filter 32, as shown in FIG. 3, has a peak between 300 to 600 Hz, and a low frequency that is 3 dB lower than the peak frequency. On the side, the frequency characteristic is attenuated at 12 dB or more and 20 dB or less per octave, and on the high frequency side, the characteristic is attenuated at 10 dB or more and 20 dB or less per octave. Such frequency characteristics of the amplifier 31 and the bandpass filter 32 can be obtained by adjusting the constants of resistors and capacitors in the amplifier, although not shown. The overall characteristics combining the frequency characteristics of the microphone / speaker as a microphone and the frequency characteristics of the amplifier 31 and the bandpass filter 32 are trapezoidal characteristics having a substantially flat characteristic between 200 and 3000 Hz as shown in FIG. It becomes. Since the monitor speaker 13 and the amplifier 25 can use ordinary high performance speakers and amplifiers, their frequency characteristics are very good and are almost flat in the audio frequency band.
[0020]
One end of the talk switch 19 is grounded via the relay 35, and the other end is connected to the “ON 1” and “ON 2” terminals of the power switch 16a and drives the relays 37 and 38 via the ON terminal of the relay switch 36. To be connected. The relay 35 drives the relay switch 36, the relay 37 drives the relay switch 26, and the relay 38 drives the relay switch 29. The power switch 16a is composed of a three-stage changeover switch, and a 12V DC power supply 39 is connected to the movable contact. On the fixed contact side, the first stage is in an off state, the second stage is “ON 1”, and the third stage is “ON”. 2 ”state. The first and second stages of the power switch 16b are opened, and the monitor speaker on / off relay 40 is connected to the third stage. The relay 40 drives the relay switch 27.
[0021]
Since the power supply circuit is disconnected when the power switch 16a is in the first stage OFF state, the amplifier 12 and the relays 35, 37, 38, and 40 are in a non-operating state. When the power switch 16a is operated to “ON 1” in the second stage, a power circuit (not shown) is connected, and the amplifiers 21, 25, and 31 are in an operating state. At this time, since the relays 35, 37, 38, and 40 are in a non-operating state, the relay switches 26, 27, 29, and 36 are in the state shown in FIG. 8, and the input signal from the underwater microphone 15 is the relay switch 29 and the transformer 30. The signal is input to the amplifier 31 via the variable resistor 17a, further amplified by the amplifier 25 via the band pass filter 32, output to the monitor speaker 13 via the relay switch 26, and broadcast on land (on board). At this time, the relay switch 41 grounds the land microphone 11 to remove noise from the land microphone 11. Next, when the talk switch 19 is turned on, the relay 35 is operated to operate the relay switch 36, and current is supplied to the relays 37 and 38 to operate them. The relay switch 41 is switched by the operation of the relay 35 and the underwater microphone 15 is grounded to remove noise from the underwater microphone 15. By the operation of the relays 37 and 38, the relay switches 26 and 29 are switched, and the input of the terrestrial microphone 12 is input to the amplifier 21 through the variable resistor 18a and further amplified by the amplifier 25, and the relay switch 26, the transformer 28, the relay The signal is output to the underwater speaker 14 via the switch 29 and broadcast to the diver. In this case, since the relay switch 27 is not in an operating state, the monitor speaker 13 does not operate.
[0022]
Next, when the power switch 16a is operated to “ON 2” in the third stage, the power circuit is connected and the amplifiers 21, 26, and 31 are in an operating state, and the relays 37 and 38 are in a non-operating state, but the relay 40 Is in the operating state, the relay switch 27 is in the on state. Therefore, the input signal from the underwater microphone 15 is input to the amplifier 31 via the relay switch 29, the transformer 30, and the variable resistor 17a, further amplified by the amplifier 25 via the band pass filter 32, and then via the relay switch 26. It is output to the monitor speaker 13 and broadcast. At this time, the relay switch 41 grounds the land microphone 11 to remove noise from the land microphone 11. Next, when the talk switch 19 is turned on, the relay 35 is operated, and the relay switch 36 is operated by passing a current through the switching relays 37 and 38. The relay switch 41 is switched by the operation of the relay 35 and the underwater microphone 15 is grounded to remove noise from the underwater microphone 15. By the operation of the relays 37 and 38, the relay switches 26 and 29 are switched, and the input of the land microphone 11 is input to the amplifier 21 via the variable resistor 18a, and further amplified by the amplifier 25 via the bandpass filter 22, 26, the transformer 28, and the relay switch 29 are output to the underwater speaker 14 and broadcast. At the same time, since the relay switch 27 is in an operating state, the broadcast is also broadcast from the monitor speaker 13 via the resistor 42. The resistor 42 reduces the input of the monitor speaker and prevents the monitor speaker 13 and the land microphone 11 from howling.
【The invention's effect】
[0023]
Diver for intercom of the present invention, because it has a substantially flat frequency characteristic overall frequency characteristic obtained by combining the frequency characteristics and amplifier of the frequency characteristic of the microphone until 3000Hz from 200Hz having different frequency characteristics from each other, the frequency in the audio band of intercom The characteristics become flat, and the breathing sound existing in the lower or higher sound range than the voice band and the sound of bubbles generated at the time of exhaust are attenuated to improve the intelligibility of the call, and the call can be performed smoothly.
[0024]
The diver's interphone of the present invention has a peak of the frequency characteristic of the amplifier between about 300 Hz to 600 Hz so that the total frequency characteristic of the microphone frequency characteristic and the frequency characteristic of the amplifier substantially coincide with the human voice band. Since it has an attenuation characteristic of 10 dB or more per octave at frequencies lower and higher than the frequency, the intelligibility of the call is improved and the call can be performed smoothly.
[0025]
The diver's intercom of the present invention has a microphone that attenuates by 6 dB or more per octave at a frequency lower than the peak around 1500 Hz, and a low frequency from a frequency that has a peak between 300 Hz and 600 Hz and a response that is 3 dB lower than the peak frequency. In terms of frequency, it can be composed of an amplifier having a frequency characteristic that attenuates by 12 dB or more per octave. A microphone and an amplifier having such a frequency characteristic are relatively inexpensive, and the combination of the microphone and the amplifier is high in clarity. Performance can be obtained.
[0026]
In the diver's interphone according to the present invention, the microphone has a frequency characteristic that is less attenuated up to several kHz at a frequency higher than the peak, and the amplifier has a frequency characteristic that attenuates at 10 dB per octave at a frequency higher than the peak. The overall characteristics of the microphone and amplifier can be improved.
[0027]
Furthermore, the microphone and the speaker of the present invention are configured as a microphone / speaker, whereby the same microphone and speaker can be used. Also, the intercom of the present invention can be configured for divers.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[0028]
FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a diver's intercom according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows frequency characteristics of the microphone of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows frequency characteristics of an amplifier according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the overall frequency characteristics of the diver's intercom of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a frequency band of vowels.
FIG. 6 shows the average level of all spectra.
FIG. 7 shows the structure of a microphone / speaker.
FIG. 8 shows a circuit diagram of a diver's intercom according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
[0029]
1 (11) Microphone 2 (12) Amplifier 3 (13)
Monitor speaker 4 (14)
Underwater speaker 5 (15)
Underwater microphone 6 (16)
Power switch 7 (17)
Submersible volume control knob 8 (18) Land (shipboard) volume control knob 9 (19)
Talk switch 20, 25, 31
Amplifier 26, 27, 29, 41 Relay switch 35, 37, 38, 40 Relay

Claims (6)

In the diver's interphone, which is input from the diver's microphone, amplified by an amplifier installed on the ship or on the ground, and output from the speaker on the ship or the ground, the diver's microphone and the amplifier have different frequency characteristics, respectively. The total frequency characteristic when the output from the speaker through the amplifier through the amplifier from the diver has a substantially flat frequency characteristic from 200 Hz to 3000 Hz, and the diver's breathing sound existing in the low frequency band or the high frequency band than the voice band, A diver's intercom that attenuates the sound of bubbles generated during exhaust . The intercom for divers according to claim 1, wherein the frequency characteristic of the amplifier has a peak between about 300 Hz to 600 Hz, and has an attenuation characteristic of 10 dB or more per octave at a frequency lower and higher than the peak frequency. The microphone has a frequency characteristic in which the peak is around 1500 Hz and attenuates by 6 dB or more per octave at a frequency lower than the peak. The amplifier has a peak between 300 Hz and 600 Hz, and the response is 3 dB lower than the peak frequency. The intercom for divers according to claim 1 or 2, having a frequency characteristic that attenuates at a frequency of 12 dB or more per octave.  4. The submarine intercom according to claim 3, wherein the microphone has a frequency characteristic with little attenuation up to several KHz at a frequency higher than a peak, and the amplifier has a frequency characteristic that attenuates at 10 dB or more per octave at a frequency higher than the peak frequency. . The intercom for divers according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the microphone is a microphone and speaker. The microphone / speaker has a magnetic circuit covered with a casing, and the upper end of the voice coil inserted into the magnetic gap is fixed to the entire periphery of the upper periphery of the casing via a flexible waterproof material. The diver's intercom according to claim 5, wherein the diver's microphone and speaker are connected to each other via a flexible conductive material.

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