JP4412629B2 - Method for producing alkylphosphonic acid - Google Patents

Method for producing alkylphosphonic acid Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4412629B2
JP4412629B2 JP2000082721A JP2000082721A JP4412629B2 JP 4412629 B2 JP4412629 B2 JP 4412629B2 JP 2000082721 A JP2000082721 A JP 2000082721A JP 2000082721 A JP2000082721 A JP 2000082721A JP 4412629 B2 JP4412629 B2 JP 4412629B2
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Prior art keywords
acid
solvent
olefin
alkylphosphonic
ketone
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JP2001270888A (en
Inventor
功治 河合
勝明 小久保
克之 杉山
和夫 細田
正毅 川島
雅文 守屋
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Miyoshi Oil and Fat Co Ltd
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Miyoshi Oil and Fat Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、アルキルホスホン酸の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
アルキルホスホン酸は、帯電防止剤、可塑剤等の原料として検討され、その工業化が望まれている。従来アルキルホスホン酸を製造する方法としては、▲1▼亜リン酸トリアルキルとアルキルハライドとからアルキルホスホン酸ジアルキルエステルを得、これを加水分解する方法、▲2▼亜リン酸ジアルキルにα−オレフィンをラジカル付加してアルキルホスホン酸ジアルキルエステルを得、これを加水分解する方法、▲3▼亜リン酸にα−オレフィンをラジカル付加する方法等が知られている。
【0003】
しかしながら、上記▲1▼、▲2▼の方法は、一旦アルキルホスホン酸ジアルキルエステルを得、これを加水分解するという2工程が必要であり、製造工程が煩雑となるという問題があった。
【0004】
一方、▲3▼の方法では1工程でアルキルホスホン酸を得ることができるが、この方法で得られるアルキルホスホン酸は純度が低く、未反応の亜リン酸とα−オレフィンを多く含むため、精製工程が必要となるという問題があった。
【0005】
このような問題を解決するために、本出願人は亜リン酸とα−オレフィンとを反応して得られる反応生成物を、ケトン系溶媒又はケトン系溶媒と塩素系溶媒の混合物を用いて再結晶する方法を提案した。この方法では、高純度のアルキルホスホン酸を得ることができるが、亜リン酸とα−オレフィンとを効率よく反応させるためにジオキサン等の有機溶媒を用いることが好ましく、ジオキサン等の毒性のある有機溶媒を使用すると、作業環境への充分な配慮が必要であった。また上記方法では再結晶に毒性のある塩素系溶媒等を用いるため、再結晶に用いる塩素系溶媒の環境に対する影響も配慮する必要があった。
【0006】
本発明は上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究した結果なされたもので、反応溶媒としてジオキサン等の毒性のある有機溶媒を使用しなくても、ジオキサン等を用いた場合と同等以上の高収率でアルキルホスホン酸を製造することができ、また効率良く反応が進行するため、反応後に未反応α−オレフィンの残存が少なく、再結晶溶媒として毒性の高い塩素系溶媒等を用いずにケトン系溶媒のみで再結晶を行っても、高収率で純度の高いアルキルホスホン酸を得ることのできるアルキルホスホン酸の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち本発明のアルキルホスホン酸の製造方法は、α−オレフィンと亜リン酸とを、炭酸ジエステル系溶媒中で過酸化物の存在下に反応させ、反応生成物をケトン系溶媒で再結晶することを特徴とする。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明方法において得られるアルキルホスホン酸としては、例えばヘキシルホスホン酸、2−エチルヘキシルホスホン酸、オクチルホスホン酸、デシルホスホン酸、ドデシルホスホン酸、テトラデシルホスホン酸、ヘキサデシルホスホン酸、16−メチルヘプタデシルホスホン酸、オクタデシルホスホン酸、エイコシルホスホン酸、ドコシルホスホン酸、テトラコシルホスホン酸、ヘキサコシルホスホン酸、オクタコシルホスホン酸等である。
【0009】
本発明において用いるα−オレフィンとしては、1−ヘキセン、2−エチル−1−ヘキセン、1−オクテン、1−デセン、1−ドデセン、1−テトラデセン、1−ヘキサデセン、10−メチル−1−ヘプタデセン、1−オクタデセン、1−エイコセン、1−ドコセン、1−テトラコセン、1−ヘキサコセン、1−オクタコセン等が挙げられる。α−オレフィンは、得ようとするアルキルホスホン酸に応じたものを選択して用いる。
【0010】
上記α−オレフィンと亜リン酸とを反応させる際に用いる炭酸ジエステル系溶媒としては、炭酸ジメチル、炭酸ジエチル、炭酸エチルメチル、炭酸エチレン等が挙げられる。
【0011】
本発明において、α−オレフィンと亜リン酸とを反応させる際に存在せしめる過酸化物としては、例えばケトンパーオキサイド類、ジアシルパーオキサイド類、ハイドロパーオキサイド類、ジアルキルパーオキサイド類、パーオキシケタール類、アルキルパーエステル類、パーカーボネート類等が挙げられる。
【0012】
上記α−オレフィンと亜リン酸とを炭酸ジエステル系溶媒に溶解し、更に上記過酸化物を添加して80〜120℃で、1〜10時間程度反応させることにより、アルキルホスホン酸を得ることができる。この反応において、α−オレフィンと亜リン酸との割合は、モル比でα−オレフィン:亜リン酸=1:1〜1:5が好ましい。また炭酸ジエステル系溶媒は、α−オレフィンと亜リン酸との合計重量の0.5〜5倍量使用することが好ましく、過酸化物はα−オレフィンと亜リン酸との合計重量の0.01〜0.2倍量使用することが好ましい。
【0013】
本発明方法によれば、純度の高いアルキルホスホン酸が得られるが、更に高い純度のアルキルホスホン酸を得るためには、再結晶を繰り返し行うことが好ましい。高純度のアルキルホスホン酸を得る上で、通常、少なくとも1回の再結晶を行うことが好ましい。
【0014】
本発明方法は、効率良く反応が進行するため、ケトン系溶媒のみを用いて再結晶を行っても、高収率でアルキルホスホン酸を得ることができる。再結晶に用いるケトン系溶媒としては、アセトン、エチルメチルケトン、イソブチルメチルケトン、イソプロピルメチルケトン、ジイソプロピルケトン、ジイソブチルケトン等が挙げられるが、エチルメチルケトン、ジイソプロピルケトンが好ましい。これらケトン系溶媒は2種以上を混合して用いることもできる。再結晶に用いるケトン系溶媒の使用量は、α−オレフィンと亜リン酸との合計重量の0.5〜10倍量が好ましい。α−オレフィンと亜リン酸との反応生成物を、これらの溶媒に溶解する際の温度は、30〜100℃が好ましく、溶解した後に冷却する温度は0〜50℃が好ましい。α−オレフィンと亜リン酸との反応生成物を、上記のような温度に加熱して溶媒に溶解させた後、冷却することにより、未反応のα−オレフィンや亜リン酸、α−オレフィンの重合体等の副生成物は溶媒に溶解したまま、アルキルホスホン酸のみが結晶として析出して分離回収される。更に高純度のアルキルホスホン酸を得るためには、上記のようにして分離回収したアルキルホスホン酸の結晶の再結晶を繰り返すことが好ましい。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
実施例1
下記の配合により、1−オクテン、亜リン酸及びt−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエートを炭酸ジメチルに溶解させ、撹拌しながら90℃で8時間保持した。反応終了後、析出した結晶を分離した。次いでこの結晶に、アセトン:エチルメチルケトン=2:1(重量比)の混合溶媒100gを添加し、30℃に保持して反応生成物を混合溶媒に溶解させた後、0℃に冷却して析出した白色結晶を濾別し、減圧乾燥して白色結晶81gを回収した。回収された白色結晶は、ガスクロマトグラフ、示査走査熱量計の測定結果よりオクチルホスホン酸であることが確認された。得られたオクチルホスホン酸の融点、収率を表1に示す。
配合:
1−オクテン 60g
亜リン酸 70g
炭酸ジメチル 180g
t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート 2g
【0016】
【表1】

Figure 0004412629
【0017】
比較例1
反応溶媒としてジオキサンを用いた他は、実施例1と同様にしてオクチルホスホン酸56gを得た。得られたオクチルホスホン酸の融点、収率を表1に示す。
【0018】
実施例2
下記の配合により、1−ドデセン、亜リン酸及びジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイドを炭酸エチルメチルに溶解させ、撹拌しながら104℃で8時間保持した。反応終了後、析出した結晶を分離した。次いで分離した結晶に、エチルメチルケトン180gを添加し、50℃に保持して反応生成物をエチルメチルケトンに溶解させた後、10℃に冷却して析出した白色結晶を濾別し、減圧乾燥して61gの白色結晶を回収した。回収された白色結晶は、ガスクロマトグラフ、示査走査熱量計の測定結果よりドデシルホスホン酸であることが確認された。得られたドデシルホスホン酸の融点、収率を表1にあわせて示す。
1−ドデセン 50g
亜リン酸 50g
炭酸エチルメチル 170g
ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド 4g
【0019】
比較例2
反応溶媒としてジオキサンを用いた他は、実施例2と同様にしてドデシルホスホン酸53gを得た。得られたドデシルホスホン酸の融点、収率を表1にあわせて示す。
【0020】
実施例3
下記の配合により、1−オクタデセン、亜リン酸及びジベンゾイルパーオキサイドを炭酸エチレンに溶解させ、撹拌しながら110℃で8時間保持した。反応終了後、析出した結晶を分離した。次いで分離した結晶に、ジイソプロピルケトン200gを添加し、50℃に保持して反応生成物をジイソプロピルケトンに溶解させた後、20℃に冷却して析出した白色結晶を濾別し、減圧乾燥して61gの白色結晶を回収した。回収された白色結晶は、ガスクロマトグラフ、示査走査熱量計の測定結果よりオクタデシルホスホン酸であることが確認された。得られたオクタデシルホスホン酸の融点、収率を表1にあわせて示す。
1−オクタデセン 50g
亜リン酸 50g
炭酸エチレン 160g
ジベンゾイルパーオキサイド 7g
【0021】
比較例3
反応溶媒としてジオキサンを用いた他は、実施例3と同様にしてオクタデシルホスホン酸59gを得た。得られたオクタデシルホスホン酸の融点、純度、収率を表1にあわせて示す。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明方法によれば、ジオキサン等の毒性のある有機溶媒を用いることなく、ジオキサン等の溶媒を用いた場合と同等以上に効率よくアルキルホスホン酸を製造することができる。本発明方法は、ジオキサン等に比べて安全性の高い炭酸ジエステル系溶媒を用いるため、作業環境に特別な配慮を必要とせず、安全かつ容易にアルキルホスホン酸を製造することができる。また、本発明方法は効率よく反応が進行するため、再結晶に毒性のある塩素系溶媒等を用いる必要がなく、ケトン系溶媒のみを用いて再結晶を行っても高収率で高い純度のアルキルホスホン酸を得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing an alkylphosphonic acid.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Alkylphosphonic acids are studied as raw materials for antistatic agents, plasticizers, and the like, and their industrialization is desired. Conventional methods for producing alkylphosphonic acid include (1) a method of obtaining alkylphosphonic acid dialkyl ester from trialkyl phosphite and alkyl halide and hydrolyzing it, and (2) dialkyl phosphite to α-olefin. There are known a method of radically adding an alkylphosphonic acid dialkyl ester and hydrolyzing it, and (3) a method of radically adding an α-olefin to phosphorous acid.
[0003]
However, the above methods (1) and (2) have the problem that the two steps of once obtaining an alkylphosphonic acid dialkyl ester and hydrolyzing it are necessary, and the production process becomes complicated.
[0004]
On the other hand, in the method (3), alkylphosphonic acid can be obtained in one step. However, the alkylphosphonic acid obtained by this method has low purity and contains a large amount of unreacted phosphorous acid and α-olefin. There was a problem that a process was required.
[0005]
In order to solve such a problem, the present applicant recycles a reaction product obtained by reacting phosphorous acid and an α-olefin using a ketone solvent or a mixture of a ketone solvent and a chlorine solvent. A method of crystallization was proposed. In this method, high-purity alkylphosphonic acid can be obtained, but in order to efficiently react phosphorous acid and α-olefin, it is preferable to use an organic solvent such as dioxane, and a toxic organic such as dioxane. When a solvent was used, sufficient consideration for the working environment was necessary. In addition, since the above method uses a chlorinated solvent that is toxic to recrystallization, it is necessary to consider the environmental impact of the chlorinated solvent used for recrystallization.
[0006]
The present invention was made as a result of diligent research to solve the above problems, and even if a toxic organic solvent such as dioxane is not used as a reaction solvent, the yield is equal to or higher than that obtained when dioxane or the like is used. Alkylphosphonic acid can be produced, and since the reaction proceeds efficiently, there is little residual unreacted α-olefin after the reaction, and only a ketone solvent is used as a recrystallization solvent without using a highly toxic chlorine solvent or the like. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an alkylphosphonic acid, which can obtain a high-purity alkylphosphonic acid with a high yield even if recrystallization is performed.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, in the method for producing an alkylphosphonic acid of the present invention, an α-olefin and phosphorous acid are reacted in a carbonate diester solvent in the presence of a peroxide, and the reaction product is recrystallized with a ketone solvent. It is characterized by.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Examples of the alkylphosphonic acid obtained in the method of the present invention include hexylphosphonic acid, 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid, octylphosphonic acid, decylphosphonic acid, dodecylphosphonic acid, tetradecylphosphonic acid, hexadecylphosphonic acid, and 16-methylheptadecyl. Phosphonic acid, octadecylphosphonic acid, eicosylphosphonic acid, docosylphosphonic acid, tetracosylphosphonic acid, hexacosylphosphonic acid, octacosylphosphonic acid and the like.
[0009]
Examples of the α-olefin used in the present invention include 1-hexene, 2-ethyl-1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 10-methyl-1-heptadecene, Examples include 1-octadecene, 1-eicosene, 1-docosene, 1-tetracocene, 1-hexacocene, 1-octacosene and the like. The α-olefin is selected and used according to the alkylphosphonic acid to be obtained.
[0010]
Examples of the carbonic acid diester solvent used when the α-olefin and phosphorous acid are reacted include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and the like.
[0011]
In the present invention, examples of peroxides present when the α-olefin and phosphorous acid are reacted include ketone peroxides, diacyl peroxides, hydroperoxides, dialkyl peroxides, and peroxyketals. , Alkyl peresters, percarbonates and the like.
[0012]
An alkylphosphonic acid can be obtained by dissolving the α-olefin and phosphorous acid in a carbonic acid diester solvent, and further adding the peroxide and reacting at 80 to 120 ° C. for about 1 to 10 hours. it can. In this reaction, the ratio of α-olefin to phosphorous acid is preferably α-olefin: phosphorous acid = 1: 1 to 1: 5 in molar ratio. Further, the carbonic acid diester solvent is preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 5 times the total weight of the α-olefin and phosphorous acid, and the peroxide is 0. 0 of the total weight of the α-olefin and phosphorous acid. It is preferable to use 01 to 0.2 times the amount.
[0013]
According to the method of the present invention, a high purity alkylphosphonic acid can be obtained. In order to obtain a higher purity alkylphosphonic acid, recrystallization is preferably repeated. In order to obtain a highly pure alkylphosphonic acid, it is usually preferable to carry out at least one recrystallization.
[0014]
Since the reaction of the present invention proceeds efficiently, alkylphosphonic acid can be obtained in high yield even when recrystallization is carried out using only a ketone solvent. Examples of the ketone solvent used for recrystallization include acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, isobutyl methyl ketone, isopropyl methyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, and the like, and ethyl methyl ketone and diisopropyl ketone are preferable. These ketone solvents can be used in combination of two or more. The amount of the ketone solvent used for recrystallization is preferably 0.5 to 10 times the total weight of the α-olefin and phosphorous acid. The temperature at which the reaction product of the α-olefin and phosphorous acid is dissolved in these solvents is preferably 30 to 100 ° C, and the temperature for cooling after dissolution is preferably 0 to 50 ° C. The reaction product of the α-olefin and phosphorous acid is heated to the above temperature and dissolved in a solvent, and then cooled, so that unreacted α-olefin, phosphorous acid, and α-olefin are dissolved. While the by-product such as a polymer is dissolved in the solvent, only the alkylphosphonic acid is precipitated and separated and recovered as crystals. In order to obtain a higher purity alkylphosphonic acid, it is preferable to repeat recrystallization of the alkylphosphonic acid crystals separated and recovered as described above.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
1-octene, phosphorous acid and t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate were dissolved in dimethyl carbonate by the following formulation, and kept at 90 ° C. for 8 hours with stirring. After the reaction was completed, the precipitated crystals were separated. Next, 100 g of a mixed solvent of acetone: ethyl methyl ketone = 2: 1 (weight ratio) was added to the crystal, and the reaction product was dissolved in the mixed solvent while maintaining at 30 ° C., and then cooled to 0 ° C. The precipitated white crystals were separated by filtration and dried under reduced pressure to recover 81 g of white crystals. The recovered white crystals were confirmed to be octylphosphonic acid from the measurement results of a gas chromatograph and an inspection scanning calorimeter. Table 1 shows the melting point and yield of the obtained octylphosphonic acid.
Formula:
1-octene 60g
Phosphorous acid 70g
180g dimethyl carbonate
t-Butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate 2g
[0016]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004412629
[0017]
Comparative Example 1
56 g of octylphosphonic acid was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that dioxane was used as the reaction solvent. Table 1 shows the melting point and yield of the obtained octylphosphonic acid.
[0018]
Example 2
1-dodecene, phosphorous acid, and di-t-butyl peroxide were dissolved in ethyl methyl carbonate by the following formulation, and held at 104 ° C. for 8 hours with stirring. After the reaction was completed, the precipitated crystals were separated. Next, 180 g of ethyl methyl ketone was added to the separated crystals, and the reaction product was dissolved in ethyl methyl ketone while maintaining at 50 ° C. After cooling to 10 ° C., the precipitated white crystals were filtered off and dried under reduced pressure. 61 g of white crystals were recovered. The recovered white crystals were confirmed to be dodecyl phosphonic acid from the measurement results of the gas chromatograph and the scanning scanning calorimeter. The melting point and yield of the obtained dodecylphosphonic acid are shown together in Table 1.
1-dodecene 50g
Phosphorous acid 50g
170g ethyl methyl carbonate
Di-t-butyl peroxide 4g
[0019]
Comparative Example 2
53 g of dodecylphosphonic acid was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that dioxane was used as the reaction solvent. The melting point and yield of the obtained dodecylphosphonic acid are shown together in Table 1.
[0020]
Example 3
1-octadecene, phosphorous acid and dibenzoyl peroxide were dissolved in ethylene carbonate by the following formulation, and held at 110 ° C. for 8 hours with stirring. After the reaction was completed, the precipitated crystals were separated. Next, 200 g of diisopropyl ketone was added to the separated crystals, and the reaction product was dissolved in diisopropyl ketone while maintaining at 50 ° C., and then cooled to 20 ° C., and the precipitated white crystals were filtered off and dried under reduced pressure. 61 g of white crystals were recovered. The recovered white crystals were confirmed to be octadecylphosphonic acid from the measurement results of a gas chromatograph and an inspection scanning calorimeter. The melting point and yield of the obtained octadecylphosphonic acid are shown together in Table 1.
1-Octadecene 50g
Phosphorous acid 50g
160g ethylene carbonate
Dibenzoyl peroxide 7g
[0021]
Comparative Example 3
59 g of octadecylphosphonic acid was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that dioxane was used as the reaction solvent. Table 1 shows the melting point, purity and yield of the obtained octadecylphosphonic acid.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the method of the present invention, an alkylphosphonic acid can be produced as efficiently as when a solvent such as dioxane is used without using a toxic organic solvent such as dioxane. Since the method of the present invention uses a carbonic acid diester solvent that is safer than dioxane or the like, the alkylphosphonic acid can be produced safely and easily without requiring special consideration for the working environment. In addition, since the reaction of the present invention proceeds efficiently, it is not necessary to use a chlorinated solvent that is toxic to recrystallization, and even if recrystallization is carried out using only a ketone solvent, the yield is high and the purity is high. Alkylphosphonic acids can be obtained.

Claims (1)

α−オレフィンと亜リン酸とを、炭酸ジエステル系溶媒中で過酸化物の存在下に反応させ、反応生成物をケトン系溶媒で再結晶することを特徴とするアルキルホスホン酸の製造方法。A process for producing an alkylphosphonic acid, comprising reacting an α-olefin and phosphorous acid in a carbonate diester solvent in the presence of a peroxide, and recrystallizing the reaction product with a ketone solvent.
JP2000082721A 2000-03-23 2000-03-23 Method for producing alkylphosphonic acid Expired - Lifetime JP4412629B2 (en)

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