JP4412089B2 - Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor and an image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photoreceptor. Specifically, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a specific compound and an image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Electrophotographic technology is widely used in copiers, various printers, facsimiles and the like because of its immediacy and high quality images. For the photoreceptors that form the core of electrophotographic technology, inorganic photoconductive materials such as amorphous silicon and arsenic-selenium and organic photoconductive materials are used.
Several layers have been devised as the layer structure of the organic photoreceptor, but a so-called laminated photoreceptor in which the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer are separated by separating the functions of charge generation and charge transport, and a charge generation material In general, a so-called single-layer type photoreceptor containing a charge transporting material and a charge transporting material is used. As a layered structure of a laminated type photoreceptor, a normal laminated type photosensitive layer in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are laminated in this order from the conductive support side, and a reverse laminated type photosensitive layer in which layers are reversed are known. .

  The electrophotographic process is repeatedly charged, exposed, developed, transferred, cleaned, neutralized, etc., so it has various durability, stability, such as physical, mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties. Sexuality is required. In particular, the durability of organic photoreceptors against mechanical contact with developers, transfer materials, corona discharge products, cleaning blades and the like is inferior to inorganic photoreceptors. Furthermore, with the recent development of finer developer particles aiming at higher resolution and higher image quality, and the practical use of chemically polymerized toners with high sphericity, there is an increasing demand for easy transferability of toner and high-precision cleaning characteristics. It is coming.

  In order to achieve easy transferability of toner and high-accuracy cleaning characteristics, it is necessary to reduce the energy related to the frictional force and adhesion force on the surface of the photoconductor. In addition, the use of a silicone leveling agent, specifically, a method of adding silicone oil or the like to the surface layer, or a method of dispersing a surface modifier such as fluorine resin or silicon powder in the surface layer is known.

Specifically, for example, it has been reported that silicone oil is added (for example, see Patent Document 1) or that a fluorine-based resin powder is contained (for example, see Patent Document 2).
On the other hand, branched alkyl esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids are used as hydraulic fluids, lubricants, cosmetic additives (see, for example, Patent Document 3), and as electrophotographic toner materials (see, for example, Patent Document 4). )It has been reported.
JP 11-352707 A JP 2002-40684 A Special table 2001-514241 gazette Japanese Patent No. 3397541

However, these surface modifiers, for example, hydrocarbon oils and waxes that are usually used as lubricants, and silicone oils that are usually used as leveling agents, are poor in compatibility with coating liquid components, so the coating film production process The additive tends to migrate to the surface during drying of the coating film or during a relatively short period of storage and segregate on the extreme surface of the surface layer. Therefore, although the electrical characteristics deteriorate due to the additive that has been raised on the surface or the surface energy can be reduced initially, the additive is scraped off while the surface is repeatedly rubbed, which is effective immediately. There was a problem with sustainability. In addition, for example, when fluororesin fine particles are dispersed in the photosensitive layer, the lubricity is certainly improved and the effect seems to continue. However, these fine particles form a latent image incident on the photosensitive layer. In some cases, the light to be scattered is scattered and reflected to prevent the formation of a faithful latent image. In particular, in recent years, it has been found that this process has a large effect in processes using dot-like micro latent images such as lasers, LEDs, and liquid crystal shutters controlled by digital signals, and the uniformity of the image is greatly reduced.

  On the other hand, as described above, recent toner developers tend to have smaller particle sizes and lower glass transition temperatures for higher resolution, higher image quality, and higher speed. This means that the adhesion force of the toner increases, and it tends to cause a decrease in transfer efficiency and occurrence of filming. At present, there is a long-awaited demand for a photoconductor having a higher-performance surface characteristic that cannot be achieved.

  That is, the object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member which has no light scattering and reflection, low surface energy, excellent surface slipperiness and surface releasability, and has high durability that maintains the surface characteristics even in repeated use. And an image forming apparatus using the photoconductor.

（式中、置換基Ａは上記一般式（１）で示され、Ｒ¹、Ｒ²、Ｒ³はそれぞれ互いに異なっ
ていてもよい炭素数１〜８０の直鎖飽和脂肪族炭化水素を表し、置換基Ａ全体の炭素数が１８以上である。ただしＲ¹、Ｒ²、Ｒ³のいずれか１つは水素原子でも良く、それぞれの
炭素数の差は、水素原子であるものを除き１０以下である。ｎは０〜４の整数を表す。一般式（２）中、Ｘはエステル基またはエーテル基を示す。ｍは２ないし６の整数を示す。またこの芳香環はほかに置換基を有していてもよい。） As a result of intensive studies on the above problems, the present inventors have found that by including a specific compound in the photosensitive layer, the surface energy can be reduced extremely effectively and the effect is also sustainable. Invented. That is, the gist of the present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a compound represented by the following general formula (2). And an image forming apparatus using the photoconductor.

(In the formula, the substituent A is represented by the general formula (1), and R ¹ , R ² , and R ³ each represent a linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 80 carbon atoms that may be different from each other; the number of carbon atoms of the entire substituent a is 18 or more. However R ^1, R ^2, any one of R ³ is rather good in hydrogen atoms, respectively
The difference in the number of carbon atoms is 10 or less except for those that are hydrogen atoms . n represents an integer of 0 to 4. In general formula (2), X represents an ester group or an ether group. m represents an integer of 2 to 6. In addition, this aromatic ring may have another substituent. )

  The electrophotographic photosensitive member using a specific compound in the photosensitive layer according to the present invention has excellent surface characteristics such as low surface energy, excellent surface slipperiness and surface releasability, and in repeated use. However, since its surface characteristics persist, a stable image can always be formed. In addition, there is almost no adverse effect on the photoconductive properties such as sensitivity and photoresponse characteristics due to the inclusion of the compound, and the durability is excellent, and an extremely high quality image forming apparatus such as a high-speed copying machine or a color printer is provided. Can be provided.

式中、Ｒ¹、Ｒ²、Ｒ³はそれぞれ互いに異なっていてもよい炭素数１〜８０の直鎖飽和
脂肪族炭化水素を表す。ただしＲ¹、Ｒ²、Ｒ³のいずれか１つは水素原子でも良い。置換
基Ａ全体の炭素数（＝１＋ｎ＋（Ｒ¹の炭素数）＋（Ｒ²の炭素数）＋（Ｒ³の炭素数））
としては、炭素数が少なすぎると感光体の表面性を改良する効果が少なくなるので１８以上であることが好ましく、２４以上であることがさらに好ましい。炭素数が多すぎると後述の感光体塗布液への溶解性が悪くなるので８０以下であることが好ましく、６０以下であることがさらに好ましい。Ｒ¹、Ｒ²およびＲ³の炭素数はそれぞれ独立に決定してよい
が、（Ｒ¹の炭素数）≧（Ｒ²の炭素数）≧（Ｒ³の炭素数）とすると、Ｒ¹の炭素数の上限は好ましくは５０以下、さらに好ましくは４０以下であって、下限は好ましくは６以上、さらに好ましくは１０以上、特に好ましくは１２以上である。Ｒ²の炭素数の上限は好ま
しくは４０以下、さらに好ましくは３０以下であって、下限は好ましくは４以上、さらに好ましくは６以上、特に好ましくは８以上である。またＲ¹、Ｒ²、Ｒ³それぞれの炭素数
の差は、あまり大きいと分岐した炭化水素基を用いた効果がなく直鎖炭化水素基に性質が近くなるので水素原子であるものを除き炭素数の差は、好ましくは１０以下、さらに好ましくは４以下とするのがよい。また、各Ｒ¹〜Ｒ³において、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で分岐を構成していても良く、また本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で不飽和結合があってもよい。Ｒ¹、Ｒ²、Ｒ³は全て炭素数１〜８０の直鎖脂肪族炭化水素基であってもよい
が、原料の入手の容易さからいずれか１つが水素原子であることが好ましい。ｎは０から４の整数を表すが、０または１であることが好ましい。１分子中に置換基Ａを複数持つ場合は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to the following descriptions, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist thereof.
The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention contains a compound having a substituent A represented by the following general formula (1).

In the formula, each of R ¹ , R ² and R ³ represents a linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 80 carbon atoms which may be different from each other. However, any one of R ¹ , R ² and R ³ may be a hydrogen atom. Total number of carbon atoms of substituent A (= 1 + n + (carbon number of R ¹ ) + (carbon number of R ² ) + (carbon number of R ³ ))
Is preferably 18 or more, more preferably 24 or more, since the effect of improving the surface properties of the photoreceptor is reduced when the number of carbon atoms is too small. If the number of carbon atoms is too large, solubility in a photoreceptor coating liquid described later is deteriorated, so that it is preferably 80 or less, and more preferably 60 or less. The number of carbon atoms of R ^1, R ² and R ³ may be determined independently, but when (the number of carbon atoms in R ¹⁾ ≧ (the number of carbon atoms of R ²⁾ ≧ (the number of carbon atoms of R ^3), the R ¹ The upper limit of the carbon number is preferably 50 or less, more preferably 40 or less, and the lower limit is preferably 6 or more, more preferably 10 or more, and particularly preferably 12 or more. The upper limit of the carbon number of R ² is preferably 40 or less, more preferably 30 or less, and the lower limit is preferably 4 or more, more preferably 6 or more, and particularly preferably 8 or more. Also, if the difference in carbon number between R ¹ , R ² and R ³ is too large, there will be no effect of using a branched hydrocarbon group and the properties will be close to those of a straight chain hydrocarbon group. The difference in number is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 4 or less. Moreover, in each R < ¹ > -R < ³ >, the branch may be comprised in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention, and an unsaturated bond may exist in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention. R ¹ , R ² , and R ³ may all be straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 80 carbon atoms, but any one is preferably a hydrogen atom because of the availability of raw materials. n represents an integer of 0 to 4, and is preferably 0 or 1. When there are a plurality of substituents A in one molecule, they may be the same or different from each other.

式（２）中のＸは、２価の結合基であれば種々のものが使用できるが、直接結合あるいは酸素、硫黄、スルホニル基、スルフィニル基、カルボニル基、エステル基、チオエステル基、リン酸エステル基などの、原子数６以下の結合基であることが好ましい。これらの中でも特に、酸素原子（エーテル結合）あるいはエステル結合であることが合成の容易さから好ましい。エステル結合を用いる場合は芳香環側にカルボニルが結合するのがよい。 As the compound contained in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, those represented by the general formula (2) containing the substituent A are preferably used.

X in the formula (2) can be various as long as it is a divalent linking group, but it can be a direct bond or oxygen, sulfur, sulfonyl group, sulfinyl group, carbonyl group, ester group, thioester group, phosphate ester. A linking group having 6 or less atoms such as a group is preferable. Among these, an oxygen atom (ether bond) or an ester bond is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis. When an ester bond is used, carbonyl is preferably bonded to the aromatic ring side.

M in the formula (2) represents an integer of 1 to 6. When m is 1, the improvement of the performance of the photoreceptor may be insufficient, so that it is preferably 2 or more. When m increases, production becomes difficult, but the performance improvement does not match that, so it is preferably 4 or less.
The aromatic ring of the formula (2) may have a substituent in addition to the group containing the substituent A, and the substituent includes a halogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms. Of these, a halogen atom or a methyl group is preferable, and an unsubstituted group is particularly preferable.

When there are no other substituents on the aromatic ring, the bonding position of the group containing the substituent A is preferably one in which X is bonded to the 1,3-position or 1,4-position when m = 2, , 5-position or 1,3-, 5-position is preferred, and when m = 4, X-position is preferred at 1,2,4,5-position.
In the compound represented by the formula (2) of the present invention, the aromatic ring portion has an affinity with the photosensitive layer, and the linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon portion of the substituent A has characteristics as a surface modifier. In particular, since the substituent A has a branch, the high effect is maintained for a long period of time to prevent the compound from moving in the photosensitive layer and segregating near the surface.
The compound represented by the formula (2) may be used in any combination as one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds.

  Since the compound of the present invention has an effect of improving the surface characteristics, it is usually contained in the outermost surface layer of the photoreceptor. In the case where the sequential lamination type photosensitive layer is contained, the charge transporting layer is contained. However, if the contained amount is small, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained. It is good to use 01 parts by weight or more, preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more, more preferably 1 part by weight or more. Further, if the content is too large, the electrical characteristics and the like are adversely affected, so it is preferable to add 50 parts by weight or less, preferably 30 parts by weight or less.

  When the single-layer type photosensitive layer contains the compound of the present invention, since the sufficient effect cannot be obtained if the amount contained is small relative to the binder resin contained in the entire photosensitive layer, it is included in the entire photosensitive layer. 0.01 part by weight or more, preferably 0.1 part by weight or more, and more preferably 1 part by weight or more is used with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. Moreover, since there is a bad influence on an electrical property etc. when there is too much quantity, it is good to contain 50 weight part or less, Preferably it is 30 weight part or less.

When used for a photoreceptor having an overcoat layer, it is added to the layer. In this case, the content is 0.1 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin component of the overcoat layer. It is preferable to use within a range.
In addition, since the compound of the present invention can be transparent to the entire visible light range, the exposure light source can be used not only in the near-infrared lasers and LEDs that are normally used, but also in the visible light source. Therefore, exposure with white light or exposure with a blue LED or laser having a relatively short wavelength is also possible.
<Support>
The photosensitive layer of the present invention is provided on a conductive support. Examples of the conductive support include a drum made of a metal material such as aluminum, stainless steel, copper, and nickel, and a polyester film provided with a conductive layer such as aluminum, copper, palladium, tin oxide, and indium oxide on the surface. In addition, an insulating support such as paper made into a sheet, belt, drum, or roll, or a material obtained by kneading conductive fine particles such as carbon or copper powder with plastic or paper is used.

In the case of using an aluminum drum, the material used is, for example, an extruded or drawn tube of aluminum alloy such as 3000 series, 5000 series, 6000 series, etc., which is regulated by JIS, or a machined product thereof. The maximum surface roughness Rmax is preferably 2.5 μm or less.
Moreover, when using metal materials, such as an aluminum alloy, as an electroconductive support body, you may use, after giving an anodic oxide film. When an anodized film is applied, it is desirable to perform a sealing treatment by a known method.

The surface of the support may be smooth, or may be roughened by using a special cutting method or performing a polishing treatment. Further, it may be roughened by mixing particles having an appropriate particle diameter with the material constituting the support. In order to reduce the cost, it is possible to use the drawing tube as it is without performing the cutting process.
<Underlayer>
An undercoat layer may be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer described later for improving adhesion and blocking properties. As the undercoat layer, a resin, a resin in which particles such as a metal oxide are dispersed, or the like is used.

Examples of the undercoat layer include inorganic layers such as aluminum anodized film, aluminum oxide and aluminum hydroxide, organic materials such as polyvinyl alcohol, casein, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, celluloses, gelatin, starch, polyurethane, polyimide and polyamide. Layers are used.
When the aluminum anodic oxide coating is used, the film thickness is preferably 1 to 10 μm, for example, and is preferably sealed with nickel acetate or the like in order to further improve the blocking function.

  When the organic layer is used as the undercoat layer, it may be used alone or in combination with metal oxides such as titania, alumina, silica and zirconium oxide, or metal fine powders such as copper, silver and aluminum. The particle size of these fine powders can be selected as appropriate. For example, it is preferable to use a primary particle size of several tens nm to several μm, and they may be used in combination.

The thickness of these undercoat layers can be set as appropriate, but it is preferably used in the range of 0.05 μm to 20 μm, preferably 0.1 μm to 10 μm.
A known antioxidant or the like may be mixed in the undercoat layer. For the purpose of preventing image defects, pigment particles, resin particles and the like may be contained and used.
<Photosensitive layer>
The constitution of the photosensitive layer that can carry out the present invention may be a single layer type photosensitive layer or a laminated type photosensitive layer. Further, in the laminated photosensitive layer, either a forward laminated photosensitive layer or a reverse laminated photosensitive layer can be employed.
[Laminated photosensitive layer]
Charge generation layer In the case of a multilayer photosensitive layer, examples of the charge generation material used in the charge generation layer include azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, perylene pigments, quinacridone pigments, polycyclic quinone pigments, indigo pigments, benzimidazole pigments, and pyrylium salts. Thiapyrylium salt, squalium salt, etc. can be used.

When an organic pigment is used as the charge generating material, a phthalocyanine pigment or an azo pigment is particularly preferable. The phthalocyanine pigment provides a photosensitive material with high sensitivity to a laser beam having a relatively long wavelength, and the azo pigment has a sufficient sensitivity to white light and a laser beam having a relatively short wavelength. , Each is excellent.
For the charge generation layer, these pigments and / or salts are used, for example, polyester resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylic acid ester, polymethacrylic acid ester, polyester, polycarbonate, polyvinyl acetoacetal, polyvinyl propional, polyvinyl butyral, phenoxy resin, epoxy. You may use with the dispersion layer of the form bind | concluded with various binder resin, such as resin, urethane resin, a cellulose ester, and a cellulose ether.

The use ratio in this case is used in the range of 30 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin, and the film thickness is usually 0.1 μm to 2 μm, preferably 0.15 μm to 0.005.
8 μm is preferred.
In addition, the charge generation layer may contain various additives such as a leveling agent, an antioxidant, and a sensitizer for improving the coating property as necessary. Furthermore, a vapor deposition film of the above substance may be used.
-Charge transport layer The charge transport layer may be formed of a binder resin having a charge transport function alone, but a structure in which a charge transport material is dispersed in the binder resin is more desirable.

  Examples of the binder resin for the charge transport layer include butadiene resin, styrene resin, vinyl acetate resin, vinyl chloride resin, acrylic ester resin, methacrylic ester resin, vinyl alcohol resin, ethyl vinyl ether and other vinyl compound polymers and copolymer Coalesced, polyvinyl butyral resin, polyvinyl formal resin, partially modified polyvinyl acetal, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, polyarylate resin, polyamide resin, polyurethane resin, cellulose ester resin, phenoxy resin, silicon resin, silicon-alkyd resin, poly-N- A vinyl carbazole resin etc. are mentioned. Of these, polycarbonate resins and polyarylate resins are preferred. These binder resins can also be used after being crosslinked by heat, light or the like using an appropriate curing agent. Any one of these binder resins may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in any combination.

  Examples of the charge transport material include polycyclic aromatic compounds such as pyrene and anthracene, heterocyclic compounds such as carbazole, indole, oxazole, thiazole, pyrazoline, oxathiazole, thiadiazole, and triazole, p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde-N, N-diphenyl Hydrazone compounds such as hydrazone, N-methylcarbazole-3-carbaldehyde-N, N-diphenylhydrazone, and 5- (4- (di-p-tolylamino) benzylidene) -5H-dibenzo (a, d) cycloheptene. Styryl compounds, triarylamine compounds such as p-tolylamine, benzidine compounds such as N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenylbenzidine, butadiene compounds, di- (p-ditolylaminophenyl) methane, etc. Triphenyl meta Such system compounds.

The ratio of the binder resin and these charge transport materials is usually 30 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 40 to 150 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
Further, the charge transport layer may contain various additives such as antioxidants such as hindered phenols and hindered amines, ultraviolet absorbers, sensitizers, leveling agents, and electron-withdrawing substances as necessary. The charge transport layer has a thickness of 10 to 60 μm, preferably 10 to 45 μm.

As the outermost surface layer, a conventionally known overcoat layer mainly composed of, for example, a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer may be provided.
(Single layer type photosensitive layer)
When the photosensitive member has a single-layer type photosensitive layer, the charge generation material is dispersed in the matrix mainly composed of the binder resin and the charge transport material having the above-described mixing ratio. The particle diameter must be sufficiently small, preferably 1 μm or less, more preferably 0.5 μm or less.

If the amount of the charge generating material dispersed in the photosensitive layer is too small, sufficient sensitivity cannot be obtained, and if it is too large, there are adverse effects such as a decrease in chargeability and a decrease in sensitivity. It is used at 50% by weight, more preferably 10 to 45% by weight. The thickness of the photosensitive layer is usually 5-5.
It is used at 0 μm, more preferably 10 to 45 μm. Also in this case, known plasticizers for improving film formability, flexibility, mechanical strength, additives for suppressing residual potential, dispersion aids for improving dispersion stability, coatability Leveling agents, surfactants, silicone oils, fluorine oils and other additives may be added to improve the properties.
<Other functional layers>
Further, in both the laminated type photoreceptor and the single layer type photoreceptor, the photosensitive layer formed by the above procedure may be the uppermost layer, that is, the surface layer, but another layer may be provided on the photosensitive layer and used as the surface layer. Good.

For example, a protective layer (overcoat layer) may be provided for the purpose of preventing the photosensitive layer from being worn out or preventing or reducing the deterioration of the photosensitive layer due to discharge products generated from a charger or the like. The thickness of the overcoat layer is usually 0.01 μm or more, preferably 0.1 μm or more, and is usually 20 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or less.
The protective layer is formed by containing a conductive material in an appropriate binder resin, or has a charge transporting ability such as a triphenylamine skeleton described in JP-A Nos. 9-190004 and 10-252377. A copolymer using a compound can be used.
<Layer formation method>
For each layer of the photoreceptor, a coating solution obtained by dissolving or dispersing a substance contained in the layer in a solvent, for example, dip coating method, spray coating method, nozzle coating method, bar coating, roll coating, blade coating method, ring They are sequentially applied and formed using a known method such as a coating method.
<Image forming apparatus>
Next, an embodiment of an image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention (an image forming apparatus of the present invention) will be described with reference to FIG. However, the embodiment is not limited to the following description, and can be arbitrarily modified without departing from the gist of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, a charging device 2, an exposure device 3, and a developing device 4, and further, a transfer device 5, a cleaning device 6 and a fixing device as necessary. A device 7 is provided.
The electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is the above-described electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, but in FIG. 1, as an example, a drum in which the above-described photosensitive layer is formed on the surface of a cylindrical conductive support. The photoconductor is shown. A charging device 2, an exposure device 3, a developing device 4, a transfer device 5, and a cleaning device 6 are disposed along the outer peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.

  The charging device 2 charges the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and uniformly charges the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 to a predetermined potential. Examples of the charging device include a corona charging device such as corotron and scorotron, a direct charging device (contact type charging device) for charging a charged surface by contacting a direct charging member to which a voltage is applied, and a contact type charging device such as a charging brush. Often used. Examples of direct charging means include contact chargers such as charging rollers and charging brushes. In FIG. 1, a roller-type charging device (charging roller) is shown as an example of the charging device 2. As the direct charging means, either charging with air discharge or injection charging without air discharge is possible. Moreover, as a voltage applied at the time of charging, it is possible to use only a direct current voltage or to superimpose an alternating current on a direct current.

  The type of the exposure apparatus 3 is not particularly limited as long as it can expose the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1. Specific examples include halogen lamps, fluorescent lamps, lasers such as semiconductor lasers and He—Ne lasers, LEDs, and the like. Further, exposure may be performed by a photoreceptor internal exposure method. The light used for the exposure is arbitrary. For example, the exposure may be performed using monochromatic light having a wavelength of 780 nm, monochromatic light having a wavelength of 600 nm to 700 nm, slightly short wavelength, or monochromatic light having a wavelength of 380 nm to 500 nm. .

  The type of the developing device 4 is not particularly limited, and an arbitrary device such as a dry development method such as cascade development, one-component insulating toner development, one-component conductive toner development, or two-component magnetic brush development, or a wet development method is used. be able to. In FIG. 1, the developing device 4 includes a developing tank 41, an agitator 42, a supply roller 43, a developing roller 44, and a regulating member 45, and has a configuration in which toner T is stored inside the developing tank 41. . Further, a replenishing device (not shown) for replenishing the toner T may be attached to the developing device 4 as necessary. The replenishing device is configured to be able to replenish toner T from a container such as a bottle or a cartridge.

The developing toner may be a so-called pulverized toner. However, the photoconductor of the present invention has a small surface frictional force and adhesive force, and is suitable for use of a chemically polymerized toner having a small particle size and / or a high sphericity. When the toner is used, a high resolution image can be obtained.
The supply roller 43 is formed from a conductive sponge or the like. The developing roller 44 is made of a metal roll such as iron, stainless steel, aluminum, or nickel, or a resin roll obtained by coating such a metal roll with a silicon resin, a urethane resin, a fluorine resin, or the like. The surface of the developing roller 44 may be smoothed or roughened as necessary.

  The developing roller 44 is disposed between the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 and the supply roller 43, and is in contact with the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 and the supply roller 43. The supply roller 43 and the developing roller 44 are rotated by a rotation drive mechanism (not shown). The supply roller 43 carries the stored toner T and supplies it to the developing roller 44. The developing roller 44 carries the toner T supplied by the supply roller 43 and contacts the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.

  The restricting member 45 is formed of a resin blade such as silicon resin or urethane resin, a metal blade such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper, brass, phosphor bronze, or a blade obtained by coating such a metal blade with resin. The regulating member 45 contacts the developing roller 44 and is pressed against the developing roller 44 side with a predetermined force by a spring or the like (a general blade linear pressure is 5 to 500 g / cm). If necessary, the regulating member 45 may be provided with a function of imparting charging to the toner T by frictional charging with the toner T.

The agitator 42 is rotated by a rotation driving mechanism, and agitates the toner T and conveys the toner T to the supply roller 43 side. A plurality of agitators 42 may be provided with different blade shapes and sizes.
The type of the transfer device 5 is not particularly limited, and an apparatus using an arbitrary system such as an electrostatic transfer method such as corona transfer, roller transfer, or belt transfer, a pressure transfer method, or an adhesive transfer method can be used. . Here, it is assumed that the transfer device 5 includes a transfer charger, a transfer roller, a transfer belt, and the like that are disposed to face the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1. The transfer device 5 applies a predetermined voltage value (transfer voltage) having a polarity opposite to the charging potential of the toner T, and transfers the toner image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 to a recording paper (paper, medium) P. Is.

There is no restriction | limiting in particular about the cleaning apparatus 6, Arbitrary cleaning apparatuses, such as a brush cleaner, a magnetic brush cleaner, an electrostatic brush cleaner, a magnetic roller cleaner, a blade cleaner, can be used. The cleaning device 6 is for scraping off residual toner adhering to the photoreceptor 1 with a cleaning member and collecting the residual toner.
The fixing device 7 includes an upper fixing member (fixing roller) 71 and a lower fixing member (fixing roller) 72, and a heating device 73 is provided inside the fixing member 71 or 72. FIG. 1 shows an example in which a heating device 73 is provided inside the upper fixing member 71. For the upper and lower fixing members 71 and 72, known heat fixing members such as a fixing roll in which a metal base tube made of stainless steel, aluminum or the like is coated with silicon rubber, a fixing roll coated with a fluorine-based resin, or a fixing sheet are used. can do. Further, each of the fixing members 71 and 72 may be configured to supply a release agent such as silicone oil in order to improve releasability, or may be configured to forcibly apply pressure to each other by a spring or the like.

When the toner transferred onto the recording paper P passes between the upper fixing member 71 and the lower fixing member 72 heated to a predetermined temperature, the toner is heated to a molten state and cooled after passing through the recording paper. Toner is fixed on P.
The type of the fixing device is not particularly limited, and a fixing device of any type such as heat roller fixing, flash fixing, oven fixing, pressure fixing, etc. can be provided including those used here.

In the electrophotographic apparatus configured as described above, an image is recorded as follows. That is, first, the surface (photosensitive surface) of the photoreceptor 1 is charged to a predetermined potential (for example, −600 V) by the charging device 2. At this time, charging may be performed by a DC voltage, or charging may be performed by superimposing an AC voltage on the DC voltage.
Subsequently, the photosensitive surface of the charged photoreceptor 1 is exposed by the exposure device 3 according to the image to be recorded, and an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive surface. The developing device 4 develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive surface of the photoreceptor 1.

The developing device 4 thins the toner T supplied by the supply roller 43 with a regulating member (developing blade) 45 and has a predetermined polarity (here, the same polarity as the charging potential of the photosensitive member 1) and the negative polarity. ), And conveyed while being carried on the developing roller 44 to be brought into contact with the surface of the photoreceptor 1.
When the charged toner T carried on the developing roller 44 comes into contact with the surface of the photoreceptor 1, a toner image corresponding to the electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive surface of the photoreceptor 1. This toner image is transferred onto the recording paper P by the transfer device 5. Thereafter, the toner remaining on the photosensitive surface of the photoreceptor 1 without being transferred is removed by the cleaning device 6.

After the transfer of the toner image onto the recording paper P, the final image is obtained by passing the fixing device 7 and thermally fixing the toner image onto the recording paper P.
In addition to the above-described configuration, the image forming apparatus may have a configuration capable of performing, for example, a static elimination process. The neutralization step is a step of neutralizing the electrophotographic photosensitive member by exposing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a fluorescent lamp, an LED, or the like is used as the neutralizing device. In addition, the light used in the static elimination process is often light having an exposure energy that is at least three times that of the exposure light.

The image forming apparatus may be further modified. For example, the image forming apparatus may be configured to perform a pre-exposure process, an auxiliary charging process, or the like, or may be configured to perform offset printing. A full-color tandem system configuration using toner may be used.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is combined with one or more of the charging device 2, the exposure device 3, the developing device 4, the transfer device 5, the cleaning device 6, and the fixing device 7 to form an integrated cartridge ( The electrophotographic photosensitive member cartridge may be configured to be detachable from a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer. In this case, for example, when the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and other members are deteriorated, the electrophotographic photosensitive member cartridge is removed from the main body of the image forming apparatus, and another new electrophotographic photosensitive member cartridge is mounted on the main body of the image forming apparatus. This facilitates maintenance and management of the image forming apparatus.

合成例−２
炭素数３２，３４，３６の分岐１級アルコールの混合物（新日本理化（株）社製 商品名エヌジェコールＣ３２−３６）６．１ｇ、トリエチルアミン３ｇ、テトラヒドロフラン２０ｍｌを攪拌器、温度計、還流冷却管を取り付けた反応器内で混合し、４０℃に加熱してアルコールを溶解した。これにトリメシン酸三塩化物０．９ｇを加え、４０℃で３時間反応させた。その後、全量をメタノール３００ｍｌに放出して生じた沈殿を、シリカゲルを用いたカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製することにより炭素数３２〜３６分岐アルキルトリメシン酸エステル３．０ｇを得た。
合成例−３
炭素数３２，３４，３６の分岐１級アルコールの混合物（新日本理化（株）社製 商品名エヌジェコールＣ３２−３６）９．１ｇ、ピロメリット酸０．８ｇ、トルエンスルホン酸０．２ｇを攪拌器、温度計、滴出用側管付き冷却管を取り付けた反応器内で混合し、１６０℃に加熱して８時間反応した。反応後これにテトラヒドロフランを加えて溶解させ、全量をメタノール５００ｍｌに放出して、生じた沈殿をシリカゲルを用いたカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製することにより炭素数３２〜３６分岐アルキルピロメリット酸エステル３．４ｇを得た。
合成例−４
炭素数３２，３４，３６の分岐１級アルコールの混合物（新日本理化（株）社製 商品名エヌジェコールＣ３２−３６）２００ｇ、トルエン４００ｍｌを温度計、還流冷却管を取り付けた反応器内で混合し、６０℃に加熱して攪拌しながら３臭化リン５５ｇを滴下した。１時間反応させた後炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を加えて中和し、全量をメタノール３ｌに放出して生じた沈殿を濾取することにより炭素数３２〜３６の分岐アルキル臭化物９８ｇを得た。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist.
Synthesis Example-1
A mixture of branched primary alcohols having 32, 34, and 36 carbon atoms (trade name NJECOAL C32-36 manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd., the following structural formula (3)), 6.1 g of triethylamine, and 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran were stirred and heated. The total was mixed in a reactor equipped with a reflux condenser and heated to 40 ° C. to dissolve the alcohol. To this, 1.0 g of terephthalic acid dichloride was added and reacted at 40 ° C. for 3 hours. Then, 4.1g of C32-C36 branched alkyl terephthalic acid ester was obtained by refine | purifying the precipitation which generate | occur | produced the whole quantity to 300 ml of methanol and refine | purified by the column chromatography using a silica gel.

Synthesis Example-2
A mixture of branched primary alcohols having 32, 34, and 36 carbon atoms (trade name Engecol C32-36, manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd.), 3 g of triethylamine, and 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran were added to a stirrer, thermometer, and reflux condenser. Mix in the attached reactor and heat to 40 ° C. to dissolve the alcohol. To this, 0.9 g of trimesic acid trichloride was added and reacted at 40 ° C. for 3 hours. Thereafter, the precipitate produced by releasing the entire amount into 300 ml of methanol was purified by column chromatography using silica gel to obtain 3.0 g of a branched alkyl trimesic acid ester having 32 to 36 carbon atoms.
Synthesis example-3
A mixture of branched primary alcohols having 32, 34, and 36 carbon atoms (trade name NJECOAL C32-36, manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd.), gram of pyromellitic acid 0.8 g, and toluenesulfonic acid 0.2 g , Mixed in a reactor equipped with a thermometer and a condenser tube with a dropping side tube, heated to 160 ° C. and reacted for 8 hours. After the reaction, tetrahydrofuran is added to dissolve this, the whole amount is released into 500 ml of methanol, and the resulting precipitate is purified by column chromatography using silica gel to obtain 3.4 g of branched alkylpyromellitic acid ester having 32 to 36 carbon atoms. Got.
Synthesis example 4
200 g of a mixture of branched primary alcohols having 32, 34, and 36 carbon atoms (trade name NJECOAL C32-36, manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd.) and 400 ml of toluene were mixed in a reactor equipped with a thermometer and a reflux condenser. While heating to 60 ° C. and stirring, 55 g of phosphorus tribromide was added dropwise. After reacting for 1 hour, an aqueous sodium carbonate solution was added for neutralization, and the entire amount was released into 3 l of methanol, and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration to obtain 98 g of a branched alkyl bromide having 32 to 36 carbon atoms.

Next, 1.1 g of resorcinol, 1.9 g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 1.7 g of potassium hydroxide, and 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran were mixed in a reactor equipped with a thermometer and a reflux condenser, and heated to 60 ° C. with stirring. . To this was added 13 g of branched alkyl bromide having 32 to 36 carbon atoms, and the mixture was reacted for 16 hours under reflux. The reaction solution was discharged into 500 ml of methanol, and the resulting precipitate was purified by column chromatography using silica gel to obtain 2.8 g of 1,3-bis (C32-36 branched alkyloxy) benzene. .
Synthesis example-5
By operating in the same manner except that 1.1 g of hydroquinone was used instead of resorcinol used in Synthesis Example-4, 4.1 g of 1,4-bis (32-36 branched alkyloxy) benzene was obtained. It was.
Synthesis Example-6
23.5 g of phenol, 27.9 g of branched alkyl bromide having 32 to 36 carbon atoms and 1.61 g of tetrabutylaminemonium bromide used in Synthesis Example-4 in 170 ml of toluene, 85 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide and 170 g of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution The reaction was carried out at about 120 ° C. for 4 hours with stirring.

The mixture was neutralized with 5% hydrochloric acid while being cooled in an ice bath, and extracted with 100 ml of toluene. The obtained organic phase was washed twice with 100 ml of a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, dried over sodium sulfate, and then the solvent was distilled off to obtain a crude product of (C32-36 branched alkyloxy) benzene. .
This was purified by column chromatography using silica gel to obtain 17.5 g of (C32-36 branched alkyloxy) benzene.
Example-1
Add 500 parts of 1,2 dimethoxyethane to 10 parts of oxytitanium phthalocyanine having an X-ray diffraction spectrum by CuKα ray shown in Fig. 2 and 5 parts of polyvinyl butyral (trade name: # 6000C, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.). Then, it was pulverized and dispersed by a sand grind mill. The dispersion thus obtained was applied on a polyethylene terephthalate film having aluminum deposited on the surface so as to have a film thickness of 0.3 μm to provide a charge generation layer.

合成例−１で合成した化合物を２０重量部、下記式（５）で示されるポリカーボネート樹脂７０重量部（共重合比率はモル比）

および下記式（６）で示されるポリアリレート樹脂３０重量部（共重合比率はモル比）

およびレベリング剤としてシリコーンオイル０．０５重量部を、テトラヒドロフランとトルエンの混合溶媒（体積比８：２）に溶解させることで固形分濃度２２％の電荷輸送層塗布液を作製し、これをフィルムアプリケータにより塗布し、乾燥後の膜厚が２５μｍとなるように電荷輸送層を設けた。このようにして作成した感光体を感光体Ａとする。
実施例−２
実施例−１において, 合成例−１で合成した化合物にかえて合成例−２で合成した化合物を用いた以外は、実施例−１と同様に行い、感光体Ｂを作成した。
実施例−３
実施例−１において, 合成例−１で合成した化合物にかえて合成例−３で合成した化合物を用いた以外は、実施例−１と同様に行い、感光体Ｃを作成した。
実施例−４
実施例−１において, 合成例−１で合成した化合物にかえて合成例−４で合成した化合物を用いた以外は、実施例−１と同様に行い、感光体Ｄを作成した。
実施例−５
実施例−１において, 合成例−１で合成した化合物にかえて合成例−５で合成した化合物を用いた以外は、実施例−１と同様に行い、感光体Ｅを作成した。
実施例−６
実施例−１において, 合成例−１で合成した化合物にかえて合成例−６で合成した化合物を用いた以外は、実施例−１と同様に行い、感光体Ｆを作成した。
比較例−１
実施例−１において、合成例−１で合成した化合物を加えないことを除いては実施例−１と同様に行い、比較感光体Ｇを作成した。
比較例−２
実施例−１において、合成例−１で合成した化合物にかえて下記構造式（７）で示されるエステルワックスを用いたことを除いては実施例−１と同様に行い、比較感光体Ｈを作成した。

CH₃(CH₂)₁₇OCO(CH₂)₈COO(CH₂)₉OCO(CH₂)₈COO(CH₂)₁₇CH₃ （７）

比較例−３
実施例−１において、合成例−１で合成した化合物にかえてポリエチレンワックス（ヤスハラケミカル（株）社製 商品名「ネオワックスＬ」）を用いたことを除いては実施例−１と同様に行い、比較感光体Ｉを作成した。
（電気特性の評価）
これらの電子写真感光体を幅１００ｍｍ長さ２５０ｍｍの大きさに切り出し、直径８０ｍｍのアルミ管に感光層が外側になるように巻き付け、両面粘着テープを用いて固定した。このとき、感光層の４隅をテトラヒドロフランを浸した布により除去し、アルミニウム蒸着面を露出させ、この部分に電導性粘着テープの一方の端を貼り付けアルミニウム管に同テープの一方の端を貼り付け、感光体の導電性支持体とアルミニウム管を導通させた。 On this charge generation layer, 50 parts by weight of a charge transport material represented by the following formula (4),

20 parts by weight of the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example-1 and 70 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin represented by the following formula (5) (copolymerization ratio is molar ratio)

And 30 parts by weight of a polyarylate resin represented by the following formula (6) (copolymerization ratio is molar ratio)

In addition, 0.05 part by weight of silicone oil as a leveling agent was dissolved in a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran and toluene (volume ratio 8: 2) to prepare a charge transport layer coating solution having a solid content concentration of 22%. The charge transport layer was provided so that the film thickness after drying was 25 μm. The photoreceptor thus prepared is referred to as a photoreceptor A.
Example-2
A photoconductor B was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example-2 was used instead of the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example-1.
Example-3
A photoconductor C was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example-3 was used instead of the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example-1.
Example-4
In Example 1, Photoreceptor D was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example-4 was used instead of the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example-1.
Example-5
In Example 1, Photoreceptor E was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example-5 was used instead of the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example-1.
Example-6
A photoconductor F was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example-6 was used instead of the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example-1.
Comparative Example-1
In Example-1, a comparative photoconductor G was prepared in the same manner as in Example-1 except that the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example-1 was not added.
Comparative Example-2
In Example 1, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the ester wax represented by the following structural formula (7) was used in place of the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example 1. Created.

CH ₃ (CH ₂ ) ₁₇ OCO (CH ₂ ) ₈ COO (CH ₂ ) ₉ OCO (CH ₂ ) ₈ COO (CH ₂ ) ₁₇ CH ₃ (7)

Comparative Example-3
Example 1 was carried out in the same manner as Example 1 except that polyethylene wax (trade name “Neowax L” manufactured by Yasuhara Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used instead of the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example-1. Comparative photoconductor I was prepared.
(Evaluation of electrical characteristics)
These electrophotographic photoreceptors were cut into a size of 100 mm in width and 250 mm in length, wound around an aluminum tube having a diameter of 80 mm so that the photosensitive layer was on the outside, and fixed using a double-sided adhesive tape. At this time, the four corners of the photosensitive layer are removed with a cloth soaked in tetrahydrofuran to expose the aluminum vapor-deposited surface. One end of the conductive adhesive tape is attached to this portion, and one end of the tape is attached to the aluminum tube. Then, the conductive support of the photoreceptor and the aluminum tube were made conductive.

（表面物性の評価）
前述の電子写真感光体を幅６０ｍｍ長さ１３０ｍｍの大きさに切り出し、スガ試験機株式会社製ＦＲ−２型摩耗試験機の往復移動テーブル上に粘着テープで固定した。７．８Ｎの荷重をかけ、３Ｍ社製Ｗｅｔｏｒｄｒｙ Ｔｒｉ−Ｍ−ｉｔｅ Ｐａｐｅｒ ２０００により電子写真感光体上を３００回往復させ研磨した。その後、７．８Ｎ重の荷重をかけ株式会社クレシア社製ＪＫワイパー（登録商標）ティシュー１５０−Ｓにより電子写真感光体上を３００回往復させ研磨した。 The performance evaluation sample thus obtained was mounted on a photoconductor characteristic evaluation apparatus installed in an environmental test room at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50%. After charging the surface potential of the electrophotographic photosensitive member to be −700 V, irradiation with 780 nm light was performed while changing the irradiation intensity, and the surface potential after 100 milliseconds was measured. At this time, the surface potential measured when irradiated with light having an intensity of 1.0 μJ / cm ² (
Hereinafter, it may be referred to as VLmax). Further, the exposure intensity at which the surface potential of the photoreceptor after −100 msec after exposure to 780 nm light is −350 V is defined as half exposure intensity, and this value is shown in Table-1.

(Evaluation of surface properties)
The above-mentioned electrophotographic photosensitive member was cut into a size of 60 mm in width and 130 mm in length, and fixed with an adhesive tape on a reciprocating table of a FR-2 type abrasion tester manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. A load of 7.8 N was applied, and polishing was performed by reciprocating 300 times on the electrophotographic photosensitive member with a 3M company's Wetdry Tri-M-ite Paper 2000. Thereafter, a load of 7.8 N was applied and polished on the electrophotographic photosensitive member 300 times by JK Wiper (registered trademark) 150-S manufactured by Crecia Co., Ltd.

表−１、表−２からわかるように本発明の感光体では、電気特性を変化させることなしに、摩擦係数が小さく、純水との接触角が大きいという良好な表面特性が、表面研磨後も維持される。
実施例−７
電荷発生物質として、図−３に示されるＣｕＫα線によるＸ線回折スペクトルを有するオキシチタニウムフタロシアニンを使用した以外は実施例―３と同様の方法で電荷発生層塗布液及び電荷輸送層塗布液を作製した。この塗布液を、直径３０ｍｍ、長さ２８５ｍｍの表面をアルマイト処理したアルミニウム製チューブに、順次浸せき塗布により、乾燥後の膜厚が０．４μｍの電荷発生層、膜厚２０μｍの電荷輸送層を積層して形成し、感光体を作製した。 About these electrophotographic photoreceptors before and after surface polishing, a friction coefficient was measured using a Heidon-14 type surface property tester manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd. At this time, a nonwoven fabric SOFPADS manufactured by Dynic Co., Ltd. having a width of 10 mm and a length of 12 mm was used as the friction body, and measurement was performed under a load of 2.9 N and a sweep speed of 100 mm / min. The results are shown in Table-2.
Furthermore, the contact angle with pure water was measured for the electrophotographic photoreceptor before and after surface polishing using a CA-VP type automatic contact angle meter manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd. The results are shown in Table-2.

As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the photoreceptor of the present invention has good surface characteristics such as a small friction coefficient and a large contact angle with pure water without changing the electrical characteristics. Is also maintained.
Example-7
A charge generation layer coating solution and a charge transport layer coating solution were prepared in the same manner as in Example-3, except that oxytitanium phthalocyanine having an X-ray diffraction spectrum by CuKα rays shown in Fig. 3 was used as the charge generation material. did. This coating solution is sequentially dipped in an aluminum tube having a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 285 mm, and a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.4 μm after drying and a charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 μm are laminated. To form a photoconductor.

  This photoreceptor was mounted on a laser printer LP3000C manufactured by Seiko Epson Corporation, and the first and 1000th printed images were compared, but no change was observed. Further, no change was observed in the friction coefficient and contact angle of the photoreceptor, and it was confirmed that the surface modification effect was sustained.

It is a figure which shows an example of the image forming apparatus of this invention. It is a figure which shows the X-ray-diffraction spectrum of the oxytitanium phthalocyanine of Example-1. It is a figure which shows the X-ray-diffraction spectrum of the oxytitanium phthalocyanine of Example-7 description.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electrophotographic photoreceptor 2 Charging device 3 Exposure device 4 Developing device 5 Transfer device 6 Cleaning device 7 Fixing device 41 Developing tank 42 Agitator 43 Supply roller 44 Developing roller 45 Control member 71 Upper fixing member 72 Lower fixing member 73 Heating device T Toner P Recording paper

Claims (3)

An electrophotographic photosensitive member having at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a compound represented by the following general formula (2).

(In the formula, substituent A is represented by the following general formula (1), X represents an ester group or an ether group, m represents an integer of 2 to 6. In addition, this aromatic ring has other substituents. May be.)

(In the formula, R ¹ , R ² and R ³ each represent a linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 80 carbon atoms, which may be different from each other, and the total number of carbon atoms of the substituent A is 18 or more. R ¹ , R ² , R ³
Of one is rather good in hydrogen, the difference in the respective number of carbon atoms, less than 10, except those which are hydrogen atoms. n represents an integer of 0 to 4. )   The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by the general formula (2) is contained in the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive layer.   3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 or 2, a charging unit for charging the photosensitive member, an image exposing unit for performing image exposure on the charged photosensitive member to form an electrostatic latent image, and the electrostatic exposure unit. An image forming apparatus comprising: a developing unit that develops a latent image with toner; and a transfer unit that transfers toner to a transfer target.

Images