JP4410243B2 - 人又は動物からの物質を天然の貴石に封入する方法及びその製品 - Google Patents
人又は動物からの物質を天然の貴石に封入する方法及びその製品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4410243B2 JP4410243B2 JP2006501434A JP2006501434A JP4410243B2 JP 4410243 B2 JP4410243 B2 JP 4410243B2 JP 2006501434 A JP2006501434 A JP 2006501434A JP 2006501434 A JP2006501434 A JP 2006501434A JP 4410243 B2 JP4410243 B2 JP 4410243B2
- Authority
- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- precious stone
- lead
- precious
- diamond
- ash
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 bromide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001622 bismuth compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C17/00—Gems or the like
- A44C17/006—Gems provided with a cavity, e.g. for containing another gem
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C17/00—Gems or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G17/00—Coffins; Funeral wrappings; Funeral urns
- A61G17/007—Coffins; Funeral wrappings; Funeral urns characterised by the construction material used, e.g. biodegradable material; Use of several materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G17/00—Coffins; Funeral wrappings; Funeral urns
- A61G17/08—Urns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/06—Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds or dies
- B01J3/062—Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds or dies characterised by the composition of the materials to be processed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/002—Use of waste materials, e.g. slags
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2203/00—Processes utilising sub- or super atmospheric pressure
- B01J2203/06—High pressure synthesis
- B01J2203/0605—Composition of the material to be processed
- B01J2203/0625—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2203/00—Processes utilising sub- or super atmospheric pressure
- B01J2203/06—High pressure synthesis
- B01J2203/065—Composition of the material produced
- B01J2203/0655—Diamond
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
Description
出願中の米国出願第10/100,666号(公開第20030017932号)に記載された先行技術の方法では、人又は動物の火葬した残留物から回収した炭素で合成貴石が製造されている。しかしながら、合成ダイヤモンドは製造が困難で費用が高い。追加の費用にもかかわらず、合成ダイヤモンドは天然産のダイヤモンドより価値が低く、天然ダイヤモンドから直ちに識別される。
他の観点において、本発明は、以下の工程を含む、ダイヤモンドのような貴石に人又は動物の物質を取り込む方法を含むことができる:
(a)人又は動物の物質から灰を製造する工程;
(b)灰を鉛化合物及び塩化物と混合する工程;
(c)貴石中に内部通路を形成する工程;
(d)通路を該混合物で充填する工程;
(e)貴石を加熱して黒鉛化することなく該混合物を溶融する工程;
(f)貴石をゆっくり冷却して通路中で該混合物を結晶化させる工程。
本方法で使用する貴石又は本方法により得られる貴石は、好ましくは天然産のダイヤモンドであるが、天然ダイヤモンドに限定されない。
本発明の工程は、ダイヤモンドを処理して入口点及び内部通路を形成することから開始することができる。ダイヤモンドをエッチングし又は切るレーザー技術は本産業において周知である。
人又は動物の物質から生成した灰は、いくらかの炭素と共にリン酸カルシウムを含む。これらの灰を、次いで、鉛化合物、例えば一酸化鉛(PbO)及び塩化物、例えば塩化ナトリウム又は塩化カリウムと混合してもよい。好ましくは、臭化化合物、例えば臭化ナトリウム(NaBr)も、混合物へ添加される。これらの三つの化学物質はガラス様物質のベースを形成し、一緒に結晶化する場合に2.4より大きい屈折率を有する物質を形成し、この屈折率は天然ダイヤモンドの屈折率である2.417に非常に近いものである。
得られる混合物は約575℃の融点を有する。この混合物をダイヤモンドに形成された入口点及び内部通路へ、高圧下(約0.34MPa(50psi))、かつ混合物が溶融する温度で注入する。好ましくは、高温処理の前に酸素を除去する。還元又は不活性気体、例えば窒素は物質の黒鉛化を阻止する。
次いで、合成ダイヤモンドの薄い被覆によって、ダイヤモンドの通路を密閉することができる。さらに、望ましい場合又は必要な場合には、再度切子面を刻み又は再研磨することができる。
当業者には明らかなように、本明細書の特許請求の範囲に記載された発明の範囲から離れることなく、先に述べた特定の開示の様々な変更、適応及び変形を行うことができる。本明細書の範囲から離れることなく、記載した発明の種々の特徴及び要素を、本明細書に記載し又は特許請求の範囲に記載した組み合わせとは異なるやり方で組み合わせることができる。
Claims (7)
- 以下の工程を含む、貴石に人又は動物の物質を取り込む方法:
(a)人又は動物の物質から灰を製造する工程;
(b)灰を鉛又は鉛化合物及び塩化物と混合して混合物を形成する工程;
(c)貴石中に内部通路を形成する工程;
(d)通路を該混合物で充填する工程;
(e)貴石を加熱して黒鉛化することなく該混合物を溶融する工程;
(f)貴石をゆっくり冷却して通路中で該混合物を結晶化させる工程。 - 鉛化合物が一酸化鉛を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 灰をさらに臭化物化合物と混合する、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 人又は動物起源の物質を取り込む貴石であって、該貴石が、人又は動物起源の物質から製造した灰、鉛化合物及び塩化物から形成した構造物で充填した内部通路を含み、該構造物が貴石自体と同様に透明でありかつ同様の光屈折率を有する、貴石。
- 貴石がダイヤモンドである、請求項4に記載の貴石。
- 該灰、鉛化合物、塩化物及び臭化物から該構造物を形成する、請求項5に記載の貴石。
- 鉛化合物が一酸化鉛を含み、塩化物が塩化ナトリウムを含み、かつ臭化物が臭化ナトリウムを含む、請求項6に記載の貴石。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US31997103P | 2003-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | |
US48159203P | 2003-11-03 | 2003-11-03 | |
PCT/CA2004/000279 WO2004076058A1 (en) | 2003-02-25 | 2004-02-25 | Method of encapsulating material from humans or animals in a natural gemstone and its product |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2006518618A JP2006518618A (ja) | 2006-08-17 |
JP4410243B2 true JP4410243B2 (ja) | 2010-02-03 |
Family
ID=32930161
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006501434A Expired - Lifetime JP4410243B2 (ja) | 2003-02-25 | 2004-02-25 | 人又は動物からの物質を天然の貴石に封入する方法及びその製品 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7228602B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4410243B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2516994C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004076058A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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ES2258921B2 (es) * | 2005-02-21 | 2007-04-01 | Instituto De Monocristales, S.L. | Diamante sintetico de distintos colores personalizado a partir de queratina humana o animal (vivo o muerto). procedimiento para su fabricacion. |
US7727589B2 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2010-06-01 | Tetsuya Suzuki | Method of producing esthetically pleasing ornaments from bone components |
WO2008020092A1 (es) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-21 | Instituto De Monocristales, S.L. | Mejoras introducidas en la patente de invención p200500389 por 'diamante sintético de distintos colores personalizado a partir de queratina humana o animal (vivo o muerto). procedimiento para su fabricación' |
JP5553301B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-15 | 2014-07-16 | キング, マルクス | 個別化装飾用合金及びその製造方法 |
RU2372286C2 (ru) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-11-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Сан Скейл" | Персонифицированный выращенный ювелирный алмаз |
US20090266108A1 (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2009-10-29 | Pet Gems, Llc | Ash filled gem stones for mementos of loved ones |
US20100005835A1 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-14 | Johnson Sr Raymond Keith | Pearl containing cremated remains |
US8402066B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2013-03-19 | Gemological Institute Of America (Gia) | Method and system for providing a clarity grade for a gem |
US20100199476A1 (en) * | 2009-02-10 | 2010-08-12 | Cummings Robert S | Memorial with cremains |
US20100275649A1 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2010-11-04 | Tamara Ann Eggleston | Pendant for carrying remembrances such as cremation remains |
US8661849B2 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2014-03-04 | Shawdon, Lp | Deciduous teeth matrix jewelry and method of manufacture |
US8226877B2 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2012-07-24 | Shawdon, Lp | Deciduous dentition jewelry and method of manufacture |
US9542702B2 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2017-01-10 | Shawdon, Lp | Method of raising funds for an organization |
US8627555B2 (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2014-01-14 | Next Future Llc | Memorial product including cremation remains |
JP6333506B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-08 | 2018-05-30 | 株式会社ユークオリティ | 血液由来成分含有物質の製造方法、および血液由来成分含有物質 |
US9168573B2 (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2015-10-27 | Hamid Hojaji | Products made from biomass and method of making the same |
US20150013382A1 (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | Gina Murphy | Jewelry displaying cremation ashes in a transparent or translucent resin setting and method of making same |
CN103395986B (zh) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-04-29 | 洛阳理工学院 | 一种高亮度含铬玻璃的制作工艺 |
CN103395987B (zh) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-04-29 | 洛阳理工学院 | 一种含铬玻璃组成物 |
WO2015138951A1 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-17 | Chamber Works, Llc | Articles of jewelry containing a personalizing additive such as dna and methods of making |
ES2555829B1 (es) * | 2014-07-04 | 2016-06-17 | Bruno MEZCUA ESCUDERO | Procedimiento para la obtención de un producto sólido que comprende cenizas de cremación y una cera en un recipiente, producto obtenido mediante el procedimiento y estuche que contiene dicho producto |
CA2868552A1 (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-04-22 | Diane Bisson | Memorial object and method of making the same |
US10517360B1 (en) | 2015-01-02 | 2019-12-31 | Life Tribute Tears, LLC | Keepsake |
CN105271180B (zh) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-09-12 | 刘逸舟 | 一种纪念钻石的制作方法 |
KR102045890B1 (ko) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-12-04 | 비아로지스 주식회사 | 인조 보석 제조방법 |
US11051591B2 (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2021-07-06 | Vital Marketing, Incorporated | Jewelry with cremains and print image and method of forming the same |
CN111187068A (zh) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-05-22 | 三心未了文化发展(北京)有限公司 | 一种纪念珠及其制备方法 |
US11135696B1 (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2021-10-05 | Peter Wayne Yenawine | Glass object and method for forming a depression in a glass object for containing cremated ashes |
USD1028413S1 (en) | 2022-08-01 | 2024-05-21 | Orbs and Keepsakes, LLC | Keepsake |
USD1027358S1 (en) | 2022-08-01 | 2024-05-14 | Orbs & Keepsakes, LLC | Keepsake |
US20240058848A1 (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2024-02-22 | Maria Garcia Smith | Water Soluble Cremation Ash Product and Method |
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US5846638A (en) | 1988-08-30 | 1998-12-08 | Onyx Optics, Inc. | Composite optical and electro-optical devices |
US5016330A (en) | 1989-08-07 | 1991-05-21 | Susan Botsch | Personalized pet animal memorial product |
US5208957A (en) | 1991-04-19 | 1993-05-11 | Hereford William M | Process of encapsulating cremation ashes within a jewelry container |
US5813098A (en) | 1996-10-07 | 1998-09-29 | Schneider; Anthony J. | Memorial candlestick |
US5755116A (en) | 1996-10-22 | 1998-05-26 | Sparacino; Anthony Guy | Remembrance preserving jewelry and method for its use |
US5950287A (en) | 1997-09-26 | 1999-09-14 | Cacciatore; Vincent | Apparatus for containing cremation ashes and displaying a photograph |
US6200507B1 (en) | 1999-02-16 | 2001-03-13 | Nancy B. Dennis | Method of making a memorial for preservation of remains of deceased individual |
US6189188B1 (en) | 1999-03-15 | 2001-02-20 | O'hare Christopher F. | Memorialization of human cremain in artificial reef |
US6170136B1 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2001-01-09 | Bettye Wilson-Brokl | Cremated remains display upon a substrate system and method therefore |
BE1012787A6 (nl) | 1999-07-15 | 2001-03-06 | Keyzer Rene De | Glassamenstelling en werkwijze voor het vullen van microholtes in natuurlijke mineralen. |
US20020025392A1 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2002-02-28 | Yardley Ted Arkell | Permanent memorial created from cremation remains and process for making the same |
US6382111B1 (en) | 2000-12-05 | 2002-05-07 | Hamid Hojaji | Methods to solidify cremation residues |
US20030017932A1 (en) * | 2001-07-17 | 2003-01-23 | Vandenbiesen Russell P. | Method for making synthetic gems comprising elements recovered from complete or partial human or animal remains and the product thereof |
US7266866B2 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2007-09-11 | Vogel Harold C | Memorial created for cremation remains and processes for making same |
US20040154528A1 (en) * | 2003-02-11 | 2004-08-12 | Page Robert E. | Method for making synthetic gems comprising elements recovered from humans or animals and the product thereof |
US7343653B2 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2008-03-18 | Batesville Services, Inc. | Funerary article having lighted ornament |
-
2004
- 2004-02-25 WO PCT/CA2004/000279 patent/WO2004076058A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-02-25 US US10/546,751 patent/US7228602B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-25 CA CA2516994A patent/CA2516994C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-25 JP JP2006501434A patent/JP4410243B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7228602B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 |
CA2516994A1 (en) | 2004-09-10 |
JP2006518618A (ja) | 2006-08-17 |
WO2004076058A1 (en) | 2004-09-10 |
CA2516994C (en) | 2011-01-25 |
US20060261512A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
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