JP4406240B2 - Clay mill - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a kneader used for preparing raw materials for producing clay for forming a ceramic.

  In the present invention, the present inventor has disclosed a kneader shown in FIG. 12 as a kneading machine used for preparing a raw material for producing clay for forming a ceramic (see Patent Document 1). The clay kneader 110 includes a hollow portion 120 for circulating the raw material in the kneading chamber 116, and a plate 124 that feeds back the raw material that is sent in a certain direction by the screw 114 into the hollow portion 120. A lid 126 that seals the mouth 112 and a suction pipe 128 that can suck air from the entire hollow portion 120 are provided.

This clay kneader does not require the operator to circulate the raw material by hand, can perform kneading safely, and can efficiently circulate the raw material, so that the entire raw material can be efficiently used. Although it is preferable in that it can be kneaded, there is a problem that the effect of feeding back is reduced if the amount of raw material present in the kneading chamber 116 is too large or too small.
JP-A-7-214537 (Claims)

  In view of these problems, the present invention seeks to provide a kneader capable of uniform mixing regardless of the amount of raw material charged.

The gist of the present invention is that a clay raw material for forming ceramics and the like is charged, and a kneading chamber for producing clay by kneading while feeding the raw material in a certain direction by rotating a screw. And a kneading machine equipped with a discharge port for discharging the produced clay, wherein the kneading chamber has a hollow portion for circulating the raw material formed around the screw, and the screw between the screw and the screw. An inner wall including a pair of inner wall surfaces disposed substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction and facing each other; a width regulating protrusion disposed near the tip of the screw and extending from the inner wall surface to the inside of the kneading chamber; and the hollow pre regulating the raw material sent by the proximity spaced capable provided the screw against the screw near the tip of the screw parts toward the discharge port to return the feed in the opposite direction of the inner wall And a preparative, the width restriction projections, the feed edge of the material to be returned is that characterized by regulating the traveling direction of the material to be returned Ri said transmission such that the inside than the inner wall surface.

  In the clay kneader, the distance between the tip of the width restricting protrusion and the inner wall surface and / or the angle of the passage surface of the width restricting protrusion through which the raw material passes may be adjustable.

  The angle of the plate may be adjustable.

  The clay kneader may include a lid that seals the charging port.

  The clay kneader may include a suction device that sucks air from the kneading chamber.

  Moreover, according to the clay kneader according to the present invention, kneading can be performed more effectively by adjusting the height position of the plate according to the properties of the raw material in the kneading chamber.

  According to the kneader according to the present invention, uniform mixing can be performed regardless of the amount of raw material charged, and the raw material can be efficiently circulated, so that the raw material can be efficiently kneaded throughout. I can do it.

  The aspect which concerns on this invention is demonstrated in detail based on drawing. In addition, in this specification, the same code | symbol written over each figure shows the same or similar member and thing. FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a vacuum kneader (kneader) 10 of the present invention for kneading clay raw materials for forming ceramics and the like, and FIG. It is sectional drawing. 1 and 2, a clay kneader 10 is a clay kneader for kneading clay raw materials for forming ceramics and other ceramics, and is disposed in a kneading chamber 16 for kneading the raw materials, and a kneading chamber 16. And a pair of screws 14 and 14 (biaxial extrusion screw 8) that feed the raw material from the rear (right side in the drawing) to the front while kneading the raw materials by rotation. Moreover, the lid | cover 26 opened when supplying a raw material is provided. The kneading chamber 16 includes an input port 12 a for introducing raw materials, a discharge port 18 provided in front of the tips of the screws 14, 14 for discharging the kneaded material to be mixed, and a shutter 51 for closing the discharge port 18. The screw 14 may have any shape as long as it has a function of extruding and kneading the material to be kneaded.

  The kneading chamber 16 includes a pair of inner wall surfaces 22, 22 arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the screws 14, 14 with the screws 14, 14 therebetween. A pair of inner wall surfaces 22, 22 is provided with a gradually decreasing portion 25 in which the distance between the inner wall surfaces 22, 22 gradually decreases forward in the vicinity of the tips of the screws 14, 14, and a front end of the gradually decreasing portion 25 from the end 27 of the flange to the discharge port 18. A narrow portion 29 is formed in which the distance between the inner wall surfaces 22 and 22 does not increase.

  Further, a hollow portion 20 for circulating the raw material sandwiched between the inner wall surfaces 22, 22 is provided around the screws 14, 14, and the front of the screws 14, 14 in the hollow portion 20 is moved forward by the screws 14, 14. A plate 24 is provided for restricting the raw material to be fed back to the rear of the screws 14 and 14.

  The plate 24 is fixed to the slider base 21 so that the longitudinal direction thereof is orthogonal to the axial direction of the screws 14 and 14 and the surface of the plate 24 forms an acute angle with the axial direction of the screws 14 and 14. The slider base 21 is disposed in a narrow portion 29 with its longitudinal direction horizontal and perpendicular to the axial direction of the screws 14 and 14, and both side ends thereof engage with the inner wall surfaces 22 and 22 so as to be vertically movable. Yes. The slider base 21 is attached to the inner wall surfaces 22 and 22 through a dovetail portion 31 including a dovetail groove 49 so as to be movable up and down.

  A sliding bar 33 protruding upward is fixed to the upper end of the slider base 21. The sliding rod 33 passes through the ceiling wall 35 of the kneading chamber 16 and is inserted through a hollow portion (guide hole) 39 of the guide tube 37 fixed on the outer surface of the ceiling wall 35. The slider bar 21 is fixed at a predetermined position by moving the slide bar 33 up and down and fixed to the guide cylinder 37 by a set screw 41 at a predetermined position. Accordingly, the plate 24 is fixed at a predetermined position in the vertical direction. The

  The screws 14 and 14 are transmitted with rotational force via power transmission gears 43 and 43. One power transmission gear 43 is connected to and driven by a power gear connected to a motor (not shown).

  Here, among the raw materials fed by the screw 14, the raw material in the vicinity 30 of the inner wall 22 a near the tips of the screws 14, 14 in the kneading chamber 16 rises while being prevented from moving forward. The raised raw material is sent along the plate 24 toward the rear inner wall 22b and descends to the vicinity 32 of the inner wall 22b. On the other hand, the raw material of the separation part 34 at a position separated from the inner wall 22a is sent as the raw material of the vicinity part 30 is fed toward the inner wall 22b, and is supplied to the separation part 36 at a position separated from the inner wall 22b. Descend. It is preferable that the angle of the plate 24 is 30 to 70 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction in order to perform efficient feed back. Further, the length (width) in the traveling direction of the raw material fed back by the plate 24 varies depending on the capacity of the kneading chamber 16. When the capacity of the kneading chamber 16 is such that 1 to several tens of kg of raw material can be charged at a time, the length (width) of the raw material of the plate 24 in the traveling direction is preferably 2 to 10 cm. When one to several t of raw materials can be charged at a time, the length (width) of the raw material of the plate 24 in the traveling direction is preferably 20 to 70 cm. Further, the plate 24 may be replaceable with a different size depending on the amount of the input raw material and the properties of the raw material.

Next, the raw material descend | falling to the near part 32 and the separation part 36 is again sent toward the inner wall 22a with the screw 14. FIG. The raw material sent by the screw 14 from the separation part 36 is prevented from advancing in the vicinity of the inner wall 22 a and rises, and is sent along the plate 24 to the vicinity part 32. Further, in this way, as the raw material sent from the separation part 36 is sent to the vicinity part 32, the raw material sent from the vicinity part 32 by the screw 14 is sent to the separation part 36. That is, the raw material initially in the vicinity portion 30 is sent from the separation portion 34 to the separation portion 36 through the vicinity portion 32, and the raw material initially in the separation portion 34 is passed through the separation portion 36 to the vicinity portion 30. To the vicinity part 32, and the position of the raw material first in the vicinity part 30 and the raw material first in the separation part 34 are switched.

  When the raw materials are kneaded while being circulated in the hollow portion 20 in this way, a vacuum pump (not shown) is operated, so that the air in the entire hollow portion 20 is discharged from the vacuum pipe (suction device) 28. Is sucked. When the air in the entire hollow portion 20 is sucked from the vacuum pipe 28, the air is sucked and degassed from the raw material being circulated in the hollow portion 20.

  According to the kneading machine 10 according to the present invention, the raw material that has been fed through the hollow portion 20 by the screw 14 and that has been prevented from advancing in the vicinity of the inner wall 22a is moved along the plate 24 to move forward. Can be sent from the vicinity of the inner wall 22a to the vicinity of the rear inner wall 22b. For this reason, the raw material that is prevented from moving forward in the vicinity of the inner wall 22a does not rise along the inner wall 22a and descend to substantially the same position, and the raw material can be sequentially fed to the vicinity of the rear inner wall 22b. . Therefore, it is not necessary for the operator to manually feed the raw materials to the vicinity of the rear inner wall 22b, and kneading can be performed safely. Moreover, it can knead | mix efficiently over the whole raw material.

  In addition, the raw material initially in the vicinity portion 30 is sent from the separation portion 34 to the separation portion 36 through the vicinity portion 32, and the raw material initially in the separation portion 34 is sent from the vicinity portion 30 through the separation portion 36. It can feed to the near part 32, and the position of the raw material which initially existed in the vicinity part 30 and the raw material which initially existed in the separation part 34 can be switched. For this reason, the raw material in the hollow part 20 can be circulated uniformly. The kneaded material is discharged from the discharge port 18 when the shutter 51 is opened.

  In the kneader 10, when the raw material is charged into the kneading chamber 16 and a large amount of the raw material stays in the kneading chamber 16, the plate 24 is positioned above the movable range. That is, it is positioned at the same height as the substantially middle point between the level position of the upper surface of the raw material and the highest point position in the circumferential direction of the screws 14 and 14. As a result, the raw material is reversed by the plate 24 and sent back further in the direction of the roots of the screws 14 and 14. When the kneading is performed, the shutter 51 is opened and a part of the raw material is discharged from the discharge port 18. When the amount of raw material staying in the kneading chamber 16 is small and the height of the upper surface of the raw material is close to the height of the plate 24, the plate 24 is positioned below the movable range from the initial position. Thereby, the height of the upper surface of the raw material becomes sufficiently higher than the height of the plate 24, and at this time, the amount of the raw material staying in the kneading chamber 16 is large, compared to the original state where the plate 24 was positioned above, Although the distance to which the raw material is fed back becomes small, reliable feeding back is performed. As described above, in the kneader 10, reliable feed back is performed regardless of the amount of the remaining raw material by changing the height position of the plate 24 according to the amount of the raw material remaining in the kneading chamber 16. It is kneaded sufficiently. Further, the height position of the plate 24 is adjusted in accordance with the properties such as the viscosity of the raw material, so that reliable feed back is performed.

  Further, when the kneading operation proceeds so that most of the raw material is kneaded and discharged from the discharge port 18, the amount of the raw material staying in the kneading chamber 16 is reduced, and the kneading of the reduced raw material is finished, the plate 24 By lowering the lower end of the slider and / or the lower surface of the slider base 21 to a limit position where it does not hit the feed blade of the screw 14, the raw material can be efficiently bitten by the feed blade at the tip of the screw 14. Thereby, most of the reduced raw material can be smoothly discharged from the discharge port 18 without staying in the kneading chamber 16.

  The height position of the plate 24 may be adjusted manually as described above. However, as shown in FIG. 3, the plate 24 is biased by the spring 160 in the direction of the screw 14 via the slider base 21. An aspect may be sufficient. When the amount of raw material in the kneading chamber 16 is large, the force of the raw material to be pushed back pushes the plate 24 upward as viewed in the drawing is large, and the plate 24 is pushed upward against the urging force. When there is little, the plate 24 is pushed down by the urging force and is located at a position approaching the screw 14. In this way, the position of the plate 24 is automatically set by the displacement of the spring 160 in accordance with the force with which the raw material pushes up the plate 24. Reference numeral 162 denotes a stopper of the slider base 21.

  Alternatively, the height position of the plate 24 may be automatically adjusted by being connected to an appropriate driving means (not shown). Furthermore, a detecting means (not shown) for detecting the kneading time or the amount or height of the raw material in the kneading chamber 16 is provided, and the height position is automatically adjusted by the driving means based on the data detected by the detecting means. It may be done manually.

  Further, the raw material sent toward the distal ends of the screws 14 and 14 is squeezed at the narrow portion 29 (FIG. 2) and intensively collides with the plate 24, so that reliable feed back is performed. The angle formed between the surface of the gradually decreasing portion 25 and the inner wall surface 22 is preferably 30 to 60 degrees in order to effectively narrow down the raw materials. Further, the width between the inner wall surfaces 22 and 22 is preferably 1.5 to 2.5 times the width of the narrow portion 29 in order to effectively narrow down the raw materials.

  Further, the vacuum kneader 10 may be provided with a rotatable plate 46 shown in FIG. The plate 46 is configured so as to be able to change its angle by being pivotally mounted on the slider base 21x via a bearing element 55 and rotated around a rotation shaft 48. By providing such a plate 46, the angle can be changed and the direction in which the raw material is fed back can be changed. For this reason, it can adjust so that a raw material may circulate through the hollow part 20 most efficiently.

FIG. 5 shows an example of angle changing means for changing the angle of the plate 46. 5, the angle changing means 100 includes a slider base 21a, a bearing bracket 130 for attaching the plate 46 to the slider base 21a via a rotary shaft 132, and a worm fixed coaxially to the rotary shaft 132. the wheel 134, and includes a Uo beam 1 36 that meshes with the worm wheel 134. Uo beam 1 36 is fixed coaxially to the shaft 138 drive Uo arm, the lower end of Uo arm drive shaft 138 is pivotally attached to the thrust bearing 140. The upper end of Uo arm drive shaft 138 penetrates the canopy portion 142 of the kneading chamber 16, the upper end is protruded to the outside of the kneading chamber 16. The upper end of Uo arm drive shaft 138, a handle 144 for rotating the shaft 138 drive Uo arm is attached. The thrust bearing 140 is provided on a thrust bearing bracket 148 protruding from the slider base 21a. Turning the shaft 138 drive Uo beam through the handle 144, worm gear 135, the plate 46 via a pivot shaft 132 changes the angle of the rotating plate 46 about the axis of the rotation shaft 132. Note that shaft 138 drive Uo beam passes through the through hole 150 of the canopy 142 is slidable vertically, can be vertically moved to vertical movement of the slider base 21a.

In another aspect of the present invention, a width regulating protrusion 90 may be provided on the inner wall surface 22 as in the kneader 10a shown in FIG. 7 which is a cross-sectional view in the BB direction of FIGS. . 8 is a cross-sectional view in the CC direction of FIG. In the kneader 10a, the raw material that is fed by the screw 14 and is prevented from moving forward at the vicinity 30 of the inner wall 22a is regulated to advance by the width regulating projections 90 at both end portions, as indicated by an arrow K. The direction is bent forward inward. The width regulating protrusion 90 is provided in the vicinity of the tip of the screw 14 so as to protrude inward from the inner wall surface 22. Thus, the feed edge 92 of the material that is to be returned will be away from the inner wall surface 22 on the inside, the feed for the edge 92 of the material to be returned and the inner wall surface 22 does not contact, and the edge 92 of the material to be sent back inner wall surface 22 The frictional resistance is eliminated, and smooth feed back is realized.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, the width restricting protrusion 90 is preferably a width restricting protrusion 92 that makes the distance H between the tip end portion 93 and the inner wall surface 22 variable. This configuration is provided through the width regulating slider 94 and the wall 94 forming the inner wall surface 22, and is fixed to the wall 94 at the outlet of the insertion hole 96 through which the width regulating slider 94 is inserted. A fixing cylinder 98 provided through which the width restricting slider 94 is inserted, a screw hole 99 penetrating the side wall of the fixing cylinder 98, and a screw hole 99 to be screwed into the width restricting slider 94 to temporarily fix the width restricting slider 94. And a set screw 100 . The distance H between the distal end portion 93 and the inner wall surface 22 can be changed by adjusting the length by which the distal end portion 93 of the width regulating slider 94 inserted through the insertion hole 96 is projected from the inner wall surface 22.

  As shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of width restricting protrusions 92 may be provided in the height direction of the inner wall surface 22. By selecting one of them and projecting it from the inner wall surface 22, the position in the height direction of the width regulating projection can be changed according to the amount and property of the raw material, and the optimum feed back state can be realized.

  An example of another mode for changing H is shown in FIG. In FIG. 11, a width restricting projection 92a is formed of a plate member 202 having a variable angle, and is pivotally attached to a bracket 204 at one end. The bracket 204 is fixed to the inner wall surface 22. The plate member 202 includes a shaft attachment portion 208 on a surface opposite to the material contact surface 206, and the shaft attachment portion 208 is attached to one end portion of the rod 210. The rod 210 penetrates the wall 94 substantially horizontally, and the other end protrudes outside the wall 94. The other end of the rod 210 is inserted into the rod fixing cylinder 212, and the rod fixing cylinder 212 is fixed to the outer surface of the wall 94. The rod 210 is temporarily fixed by a screw hole 299 penetrating the side wall of the rod fixing cylinder 212 and a set screw 222 screwed into the screw hole 299. The rod 210 can be slid to adjust H and the angle α of the contact surface 206 to realize an optimum feed back state.

  Further, according to the kneader 10 according to the present invention, the kneading is performed with the lid 26 closed, so that it is possible to prevent the raw materials from being dried during the kneading. Alternatively, the entire hollow portion 20 of the kneading chamber 16 can be made a vacuum chamber by closing the lid 26 and operating a vacuum pump (not shown) to suck the air of the entire hollow portion 20 from the vacuum pipe 28. For this reason, it is possible to degas from the raw material while circulating the raw material in the hollow portion 20. Therefore, the kneaded material can be efficiently manufactured without causing the raw material to be accumulated in the vacuum chamber and causing the operation of the vacuum chamber to be stopped unlike the conventional kneader. Further, since the raw material can be degassed while being circulated and kneaded in the hollow portion 20, it can be uniformly degassed from the entire raw material.

  As mentioned above, although various examples of the clay kneader according to the present invention have been described based on the drawings, the clay kneader according to the present invention is not limited to the illustrated one. For example, the shape and structure of the inlet are not limited to those described above, as long as the raw material can be sent into the kneading chamber. Further, the shape and structure of the discharge port are not limited to those described above, and it is sufficient that the manufactured kneaded material can be discharged.

  According to the kneader according to the present invention, the raw material that has entered the hollow portion can be applied to the plate, pushed back in the direction opposite to the feed direction by the screw, and sequentially circulated to a position away from the direction opposite to the feed direction. . For this reason, it is not necessary for the operator to circulate the raw material by hand, and kneading can be performed safely. In addition, since the raw materials can be circulated efficiently, it is possible to efficiently knead the whole raw materials.

  Moreover, according to the kneader according to the present invention, the raw material can be degassed while being circulated in the kneading chamber. Therefore, the raw material can be efficiently kneaded without causing the raw material to be accumulated in the vacuum chamber and causing the operation of the vacuum chamber to be stopped unlike a conventional vacuum kneader. Further, since the raw material can be degassed while kneading the raw material, the entire raw material can be uniformly degassed.

According to the kneader according to the present invention, kneading can be performed more effectively by adjusting the height position of the plate according to the amount of raw material in the kneading chamber and the properties of the raw material.

  Although the embodiment of the kneader of the present invention has been described above, the present invention can be carried out in various modified, modified, and modified embodiments based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All of these aspects belong to the scope of the present invention.

  The kneading machine of the present invention can be suitably applied to the use of kneading clay such as clay and clay.

It is sectional drawing which shows the Example of the clay machine which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing of the AA direction of the kneader of FIG. It is a cross-sectional principal part schematic diagram which shows an example of the aspect of adjustment of the height position of the plate used for the clay machine of this invention. It is a principal part expanded sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the aspect of adjustment of the angle of the plate used for the clay machine of this invention. It is a principal part expanded sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the aspect of adjustment of the angle of the plate used for the clay machine of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the Example of the kneading machine of the other aspect which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing of the BB direction of the clay kneader of FIG. It is sectional drawing of CC direction of the clay machine of FIG. It is a principal part expanded sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the aspect of adjustment of the protrusion length of the width control protrusion used for the kneading machine of this invention. It is a principal part expanded sectional schematic diagram which shows another example of the aspect of adjustment of the protrusion length of the width control protrusion used for the kneading machine of this invention. It is a principal part expanded sectional schematic diagram which shows another example of the aspect of adjustment of the protrusion length of the width control protrusion used for the clay machine of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the aspect of the conventional kneading machine.

10; Vacuum Kneader (Kneader)
12; Input port 14; Screw 16; Kneading chamber 18; Discharge port 20; Hollow portion 24, 38, 40, 42; Plate 26; Lid 28; Suction pipe (suction device)

Claims (5)

A clay inlet for forming ceramics and the like, a kneading chamber for producing clay by kneading while feeding the raw material in a fixed direction by rotating a screw, and discharging the produced clay In a kneader equipped with a discharge port,
The kneading chamber has a hollow portion that circulates the raw material formed around the screw, and an inner wall including a pair of inner wall surfaces that are disposed substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the screw with the screw interposed therebetween. A width restricting protrusion disposed near the tip of the screw and extending from the inner wall surface to the inside of the kneading chamber, and provided near the tip of the screw in the hollow portion so as to be close to and away from the screw. A plate that regulates the raw material sent in the direction of the discharge port by the screw to be sent back to the inner wall side in the opposite direction;
The kneading machine characterized in that the width regulating protrusion regulates the traveling direction of the material to be fed back so that the edge of the material to be fed back is inside the inner wall surface. The clay kneader according to claim 1, wherein a distance between a tip of the width restricting protrusion and the inner wall surface and / or an angle of a passage surface of the width restricting protrusion through which the raw material passes can be adjusted. The clay kneader according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the angle of the plate is adjustable. The clay kneader according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a lid for sealing the charging port. The clay kneader according to claim 4, further comprising a suction device for sucking air from the kneading chamber.

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